1971, in Belgrade and he is buried at the Topkapi cemetery in Istanbul. The works of Kıvılcımlı continue to influence political parties in Turkey today, including the People's Liberation Party (Turkish: Halkın Kurtuluş Partisi - HKP), Social Freedom Party (Turkish: Toplumsal Özgürlük Partisi - TÖP) and Socialist Solidarity Platform (Turkish: Sosyalist Dayanışma Platformu - SODAP). Due to Kıvılcımlı’s training as a medical doctor, he was often referred to as ‘the Doctor’ and his followers 'Doctorists' (Turkish: 'Doktorcular’). Kıvılcımlı’s 'History Thesis' Recent works have drawn attention to the Kıvılcımli's unique approach to the theory of history - know in his writings as his 'History Thesis'. Kıvılcımlı's 'History Thesis' (Turkish: Tarih Tezi) was in part his attempt to deal with what he called the ‘originality of Turkey’ and focused mostly on an understanding of pre-capitalist societies - in particular the rise and fall of civilisations which he defined as ‘historical revolutions’. Taking inspiration from Lewis Henry Morgan’s Ancient Society (1877), Freidrich Engel’s The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State (1884) and Ibn Khaldun’s Muqaddimah (1377), Kıvılcımlı developed this theory in his 1965 work History Revolution Socialism (Turkish: Tarih Devrim Sosyalizm). Rather than modern ‘social revolutions’ which were the result of intra-societal struggles, Kıvılcımlı saw these ‘historical revolutions’ as the product of inter-socialital struggles - in particular those between ‘barbarian nomads’ and civilisations. According to Kıvılcımlı, 'barbarian nomads' who lived an egalitarian lifestyle which he described as ‘primative socialism’ fought against class-stratified civilisations which were unable to organise the necessary ‘collective action’ to resist them. The rise and fall of ancient civilizations was a result of this conflict. Interpretation of Islam Based on his 'History Thesis', Kıvılcımlı argued that the rise Islam was a type of ‘historical revolution’, and that early Islam was revolutionary and early Muslims lived their life to in a ‘primative socialist’ manner. However, like other ancient civilisations, power in early Islamic society was concentrated in the hands of Arab tribal elites after the Rashidun caliphate period, moving Islamic society away from its revolutionary and communalist roots. Based on this analysis, Kıvılcımlı gave a speech in the Eyüp neighbourhood of Istanbul during the 1957 election campaign for the Vatan Partisi. This area is of great significance to Muslims in Turkey with many mosques and holy places. He attempted to articlate the politics of the party using the sayings of Muhammad and verses from the Quran. Due to