to move precepts into the Constitution or another law. Contents The Wet algemene bepalingen, or Law on general precepts and regulations introduces some basic rules for the applicability of laws throughout the Kingdom. It lays out the foundations for which laws relate to people and land, plus how the judicial power is supposed to behave. Current precepts Ex post facto and changing of the lawArticle 4 determines that the law is only applicable after it is passed, not before (ex post facto law). Article 5 states that all laws remain in force until repealed or amended by a new law. Personal over territorial applicability of lawsArticle 6 determines that legal rights and responsibilities pertaining to Dutch citizens and the state hold, even if the citizen is abroad. Territorial applicability of lawsArticle 8 determines that the criminal law of the Netherlands applies to all those who are within its borders. Universal and territorial applicability of civil lawArticle 9 determines that Dutch civil law applies equally to citizens and foreigners in the Netherlands, unless explicitly stated by law. Primacy of territories' lawArticle 10 determines that any countries' law is applicable to that country (Dutch law has no primacy in foreign countries). No court-made lawArticle 11 determines that a judge must follow the law in his rulings and may not consider "inner value" or "reason within" the law (i.e. a judge must apply the law as it is written — he may not decide to do something else because he disagrees with the law or feels it is badly written). Article 12 states that judges may not render verdicts in the form of a general decree, disposition or regulation (i.e. judges cannot make general rules, but only rule on specific cases). Right to ruling of the courtArticle 13 determines that the court must rule in all cases; no judge may refuse to render verdict by claiming a lack of law, insufficiency or unclarity of law and can be prosecuted if he does. Rule of international lawArticle 13a limits the power of judges and official acts to within the bounds set by international law. Previous precepts No law is valid unless it is publicly accessibleArticle 1 determined that no law would take effect before it had been properly proclaimed. Article 2 stated that all law is equally applicable throughout the kingdom, valid once it has been proclaimed throughout the entire Kingdom (i.e. all citizens