about two nations. The Puerto Rican culture at the time of the invasion was a divided culture of the dominant and the dominated. The Spanish–American War did not allow an opportunity for the divided culture to merge, or to mature their mutual relations. The Invasion held a different meaning for each social class. The Puerto Rican working class welcomed the invaders with the hope of annexation and with it the establishment of a new social order, full of freedom, democracy and a progressive economy. Fourth Story The fourth story, from 1950s to 1980s discusses the modernization of Puerto Rico through American involvement. Though industrialization created a lot of jobs it was not enough to employ the majority of the island. Thousands of agricultural jobs were lost after Puerto Rico industrialized and traditional companies that export sugar, tobacco, and coffee were collapsing. Puerto Ricans were forced to migrate to the United States, mostly in New York where they were discriminated. The Puerto Rican migration to New York City manifested with the rising unemployment rates and rapid marginalization of Puerto Ricans. The standard of living grew, as a result pushing Puerto Ricans out of the island in search for jobs. For the first time Puerto Ricans were granted the right to vote for their representatives. Additionally, they were given the right to their own constitution. These situations greatly enhanced Puerto Rico's dependency to its colonizers. González suggests that democratic socialism is the only way to rebuild Puerto Rican society and embrace the English language as a step into a new and united national culture. Reaction within Puerto Rican culture The implications posed by José Luis González were controversial among Puerto Rican communities. It "set off a frenzied debate on Puerto Rican society and cultures, now gaining in vehemence with the growing importance of Afro-American, Mestizo, and Caribbean cultures in the United States". González dismantles the myth of a dominant Spanish and racially white national culture in Puerto Rican history. He claims that the national identity is primarily Mestizo with a significant contribution from Africa. González calls the African slaves and Mestizo peasantry the first Puerto Ricans because they were the first inhabitants who had to make the island their home. Most Puerto Ricans deny the black heritage of the island and idealize the Spanish colonial era. José Luis González conveys the difficulties Puerto Ricans face after their displacement, as "the effort that