of 170,215 votes cast; 69,853 (41%) went to Vic Rawl. Greene's victory over Rawl, a Charleston County councilmember and former state legislator, was described as an upset. At the time of his Senate campaign, Greene was unemployed and living with and caring for his father in Manning, South Carolina. Greene won the primary despite very limited campaigning and campaign spending and despite having no website and no yard signs. Voter turnout in most counties was in the range of 20–30%. Questions about candidacy After Greene was declared the winner and Rawl congratulated him on his win, Democratic officials began to voice opposition and to raise questions about Greene and his campaign. He did not attend the state Democratic party convention, did not file legally required forms with the Secretary of the Senate or Federal Election Commission, and attempted to pay his $10,400 filing fee with a personal check, rather than a check from a campaign account. Though his primary victory baffled many, some explanations have been offered. South Carolina State Senator Robert Ford claimed that the surname "Greene" is common among African-Americans, and suggested that fact may have caused African-American voters to identify with him. Some, including House Majority Whip Jim Clyburn, speculated that Greene was a Republican plant and called for an investigation into the primary. Officials noted that similar tactics had been used in the past, including in a 1990 primary in South Carolina. Greene denied the assertion that he was a Republican plant. Vic Rawl's campaign issued a press release that election forensics analyst Dr. Walter Mebane had "performed second-digit Benford’s law tests on the precinct returns from the Senate race" and found improbable vote patterns. Dr. Michael Miller reportedly found a significant difference in the vote percentages in absentee voters and Election Day voters, indicating a corrupted count. Some commentators raised questions about the source of Greene's funding for the $10,440 filing fee. Federal and state law requires a candidate to pay a filing fee out of his own pocket. Greene claimed that he paid the filing fee by saving two years of his service pay. However, Greene qualified to be represented by a public defender in his obscenity case. Former state Democratic Party chairman Dick Harpootlian told NPR that this revelation raised doubts about whether Greene could have afforded the filing fee. In response to an official protest filed by Rawl, the executive committee of