qualities. Sociologist Paul Joosse examined Weber's famous definition, and found that:through simple yet profoundly consequential phrases such as “are considered” and “is treated,” charisma becomes a relational, attributable, and at last a properly sociological concept.... For Weber, the locus of power is in the led, who actively (if perhaps unconsciously) invest their leaders with social authority. In other words, Weber indicates that it is followers who attribute powers to the individual, emphasizing that "the recognition on the part of those subject to authority" is decisive for the validity of charisma. Weber died in 1920, leaving "disordered, fragmentary manuscripts without even the guidance of a plan or table of the proposed contents". One unfinished manuscript contained his above quoted definition of charisma. It took over a quarter century for his work to be translated into English. With regard to charisma, Weber's formulations are generally regarded as having revived the concept from its deep theological obscurity. However, even with the admirable translations and prefaces of his entire works, many scholars have found Weber's formulations ambiguous. For the past half-century they have debated the meaning of many Weberian concepts, including the meaning of charisma, the role of followers, and the degree of a supernatural component. See also Charis (name) Superficial charm Trait leadership Instrumental and value-rational action References External links Let's face it: Charisma matters from TEDx The X-Factors of Success from Psychology Today Max Weber and Charisma Charisma by Thomas Robbin in the Encyclopedia of Religion and Society, edited by William H. Swatos: Toward a Theory of the Routinization of Charisma – April 1972 The Science of Savoir Faire Charismatic Cults on BBC Four in Thinking Allowed 26 January 2005, presented Laurie Taylor (press on "Listen Again") Article: "Moses, Charisma, and Covenant" The Character of Charisma "The Charisma Mandate" from The New York Times (February 17, 2008) Charm School: Scholars Unpack the Secrets of Charisma, and Suggest the Elusive Quality Can Be Taught by Mark Oppenheimer from The Boston Globe, July 20, 2008 Anthropology of religion Charismatic and Pentecostal Christianity Jewish practices Social influence Social concepts Spiritual gifts Max Weber Religious terminology Christian practices