Kozhumyaka Stepan Demydovych (Russian: Kozhemyakin) (4 December 1898 – 31 August 1989) was a Ukrainian engineer, bridge-builder and linguist. He took an active part in the 1917–1920 struggle for national liberation, fighting for the cultural, moral and political rights of the Ukrainian people. Kozhumyaka was born in 1898 in Novomyrgorod in the Yelysavetgrad (now Kirovograd) region, Ukraine. He graduated in 1917 from Yelysavetgrad as a teacher. While he was a student, he issued a magazine called Lisovyi Strumok ("Forest Brook"), in which he criticized the Soviet government. He played the bandura, wore Ukrainian national clothes, and spoke out about the events of 1918 in Ukraine. In Novomyrgorod in 1922, Kozhumyaka began publishing an illustrated magazine, Persha Lastivka ("The First Swallow"). He took part in an agricultural community called "Rillya". Because of his sharp political views, he was fired from the position of head of Novomyrgorod School Number 4 and deprived of his membership of the Teachers' Union. He sought justice at the Yelysavetgrad Department of Education, and they sent him in 1923 to study in Odessa. In 1926 he got a degree in Social Upbringing, and in 1928 he graduated from the Language and Literature faculty in the Odessa Institute of People’s Education. His graduation paper was about Borys Grinchenko. Kozhumyaka was due to pass his state exam in the spring of 1928, but at night on 7 March he was arrested and sentenced to three years in Yoshkar-Ola. Nevertheless, he got his diploma: on his return he graduated from Kharkiv Autoway Institute. From 1932 - Linear engineer on highway construction in Cherkassy. In 1937 he was arrested for anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda and sentenced to ten years in the concentration camp in Samara, Russia, where he worked in the aircraft factory, which provided the front with IL-14 and IL-15 aircraft. He was so weak that he expected to die, but was saved because of his knowledge of cement production technology. He was assigned to work on secret projects: he constructed a radio mast to replace the Moscow one and built a huge underground refuge for the Moscow government, in case pressure from German troops forced their evacuation. After his prison term he was freed and became a paid worker. In 1949 Kozhumyaka was arrested for a third time because of his political views and driven to the eternal settlement in Krasnoyarsk Region. He did a lot to revive road-building