According to The Norton Anthology of American Literature, the term Americanization was coined in the early 1900s and "referred to a concerted movement to turn immigrants into Americans, including classes, programs, and ceremonies focused on American speech, ideals, traditions, and customs, but it was also a broader term used in debates about national identity and a person’s general fitness for citizenship”. Historian Frederick Jackson Turner In Frederick Jackson Turner's The Significance of the Frontier, he establishes the frontier thesis, which states that the frontier helped establish the American identity and break away from European influence. In other words, westward expansion was a "steady movement away from the influence of Europe, a steady growth of independence on American lines". The frontier creates the American. Turner states that the wilderness and man battle one another because they are both trying to "master" one another; however, in the end, the wilderness and man reach this equilibrium with each other (they both end up adhering to one another's conditions) which results in the creation of the America. Arthur Redding writes in his article "Frontier Mythographies: Savagery and Civilization in Frederick Jackson Turner and John Ford” that the language Turner uses to describe this battle between the wilderness and the man is "systematic". The language is scientific and makes "Turner reveal himself as a rigorously Darwinian thinker, as he applies the same systematic approach to explain the evolution of new social and historical species—the American—as Darwin applied to natural history: natural selection and struggle for survival". In other words, the wilderness and man mastering one another is described in a similar sense of “survival of the fittest.” Therefore, the questions to ask would be is who will survive, the wilderness or man? Who is the stronger of the two? In the end, however, the wilderness and man make adjustments to their ways of living. While the wilderness has taught the man to survive, the man has taught the wilderness to be under his control. Turner states that the greatness of the American frontier is that two key important values for America, tolerance and individualism, are able to thrive. He believed that "so long as free land exists, the opportunity for a competency exists, and economic power secures political power”. The greatness of the American frontier was that different political or religious beliefs could exist without violent conflict. In other words, because the frontier was so