small—in fact, three is usually enough: First/third person singular present indicative, first (or third) person plural present indicative, first/third person singular past indicative. However, occasional small irregularities may occur, and the table below errs on the side of under-generalization. Forms with an *italicized asterisk are reconstructions based on knowledge of other forms or forms from other Germanic languages. Furthermore, present participles are given a gloss, since the participle often has an unpredictable meaning; especially when the verb in question is inherently intransitive. *ōgan ("to fear") is the only verb in the group known to have an imperative. Stem-final -g- in magan, ōgan, and áigan is often changed to -h-, especially before voiceless consonants. Áigan has the derivative faír-áigan ("to partake of"). Presumed verbal stems, given the extant forms: "Present 1" refers to the indicative present singular personal forms, and "Present 2" refers to all other forms in the present; as well as the imperative and infinitive. Presumed subject suffixes, given the extant forms: Irregular verbs Suppletive verbs Wisan, "to be" This highly irregular verb derives from two different Proto-Indo-European roots by suppletion; see Indo-European copula for more. Briggan, "to bring" Gaggan, "to go" Wiljan, "to want/will" This irregular verb derives from the fossilized optative mood of a Proto-Indo-European verb (not to be confused with the Gothic mood known as optative, which corresponds to the subjunctive mood of PIE and other Germanic languages). Irregular strong verbs Fraíhnan, "to ask" Itan, "to eat" Standan, "to stand" Irregular weak verbs Brūkjan, "to use" Bugjan, "to buy" Káupatjan, "to slap" Þagkjan, "to think" Þugkjan, "to seem" Waúrkjan, "to work" See also Gothic language Grammar of the Gothic Language Proto-Indo-European verb: Ancient Greek grammar Latin conjugation Sanskrit verbs References Verbs Indo-European verbs