circuitry is moved below the active pixel section, giving another 30% improvement to light capturing capability. This was commercialized by Sony in August 2012 as Exmor RS with resolutions of 13 and 8 effective megapixels. In October 2012, GoPro used a Sony IMX117 sensor as the first BSI sensor in their action cameras, in the Hero3 Black. In September 2014 Samsung announced the world's first APS-C sensor to adopt BSI pixel technology. This 28 MP sensor (S5KVB2) was adopted by their new compact system camera, the NX1, and was showcased along with the camera at Photokina 2014. In June 2015 Sony announced the first camera employing a back-side illuminated full frame sensor, the α7R II. In August 2017 Nikon announced that its forthcoming Nikon D850, a full-frame digital SLR camera, would have a back-illuminated sensor on its new 45.7 MP sensor. In September 2018 Fujifilm announced the availability of the X-T3, a mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera, with a 26.1MP APS-C Fujifilm X-Trans sensor back-illuminated sensor. In April 2021, Canon announced their new R3 model would feature a 35mm full-frame, back illuminated, stacked CMOS sensor and a DIGIC X image processor. In April 2021, Ricoh released the Pentax K-3 III featuring a BSI 26 megapixel APS-C sensor from Sony and a PRIME V image processor. In May 2021, Sony announced a new back-illuminated, stacked sensor for the Micro Four Thirds format. See also Wafer backgrinding References Bibliography (Sony), "Sony unveils 'Exmor R' back-illuminated CMOS technology", Sony press release, 6 August 2009 P.K. Swain and David Cheskis, "Back-Illuminated Image Sensors Come to the Forefront", Photonics, August 2008 Junko Yoshida, "OmniVision adopts backside illumination technology for CMOS imager", EE Times, 27 May 2007 (Apple), "iPhone 4: Camera", Apple Inc., 7 June 2010 External links List of Hamamatsu Backthinned CCD sensors Back thinned CCD used in Security cameras Microscopy Primer on Quantum Efficiency The Back-Illuminated CCD: Improving Light Sensitivity Digital cameras Image sensors