–um (–un, –on) || hirtim (-in) || –im (–in)|| kunnie || –ie || kunne || –e || kunnum (-un, -on) || –um (–un, –on) || kunnim (-in) || –im (–in)|- ! Instrumental|| hirtiu || –iu || hirtu (-o) || –u (–o) || -- || -- || -- || -- || kunniu || –iu || kunnu (-o) || –u (–o) || -- || -- || -- || -- |} Note that the transition from early to late forms occurred during the ninth century. Late-form ja-stems are declined identically to a-stems except for the added -i in the neuter nominative and accusative, and in the masculine nominative and accusative singular. Compare the equivalent nouns in Old English, e.g. rīce "kingdom" (neuter). Sample nouns like hirti: agent nouns in -āri (-ari, -eri), e.g. wahtāri (-ari, -eri) "watchman", lērāri "teacher", scrībāri "writer, scribe"; also, karkāri "prison", altāri "altar", rucki "back", phuzzi, puzzi "well", kāsi "cheese". Sample nouns like kunni: enti "end", rīhhi "kingdom", betti "bed", gizungi "language", finstarnessi "darkness", heri "army" (genitive singular heries, dative singular herie, herige). The -wa declension {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" | ! colspan="4" | snēo, snē; snēwā (-a) snow m.! colspan="4" | kneo; kneo knee n.|- ! colspan="2" | Singular! colspan="2" | Plural! colspan="2" | Singular! colspan="2" | Plural|- ! Nominative, Accusative|| snēo, snē || –o, – || snēwā (-a) || –wā (–wa)|| kneo || –o, – || kneo || –o, –|- ! Genitive|| snēwes || –wes || snēwo || –wo|| knëwes || –wes || knëwo || –wo|- ! Dative|| snēwe || –e || snēwum (–un, –on) || –um (–un, –on)|| knëwe || –e || knëwum (–un, –on) || –um (–un, –on)|} Notes:-o in the nominative can be dropped following a long vowel. When a consonant precedes the -w, an epenthetic vowel -a- (sometimes -o- or -e-) appears in the oblique cases, e.g. neuter trëso "treasure", genitive trësawes. Among the other nouns in this declension: Masculine lēo "grave", sēo "sea", scato (genitive scatawes) "shadow", bū (genitive būwes) "dwelling". Neuter rēo "corpse", zëso (genitive zësawes) "right side", smëro (genitive smërawes) "grease". The -ō declension This declension counterparts the first declension (a) of Latin, and the alpha declension (a/as) of Greek. It contains feminine nouns. The nominative, which should have had the ending -u, has been merged with the accusative in -a. {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" | ! colspan="4" | gëba; gëbā gift f.|- ! colspan="2" | Singular! colspan="2" | Plural|-