in language data. Intensification using punya or pu is also applicable to verbs; Here, the verbal sense of the possessum is owned by the possessor. i.e., the two of them in (19) are the syntactic 'owners' of the suffering, which semantically intensifies or exaggerates the quality of the verb suffering, hence translated as so much for its English representation. Along similar lines to (19), a verbal possessum can also be taken by a verbal possessor, expressing an emphatic reading; As indicated by the insertion of adverbials in the English translation otherwise syntactically absent in Papuan Malay (20), the verbal-possessor-punya-verbal-possessum construction elicits emphatic meaning and tone. The difference to (19) being that in (20), the verbal quality of the possessum constituent is being superimposed upon another verb element, rather than to a pronominal possessor, to encode emphasis or assertion. A final possibility in Papuan Malay possessive constructions is elision of the possessum, in situations where it can be easily established from context; Unlike the general freedom of possessive marker form for both canonical and non-canonical constructions (11-20), the long punya form is almost exclusively used when a possessum is omitted, possibly as a means of more markedly sign-posting the possessum's elision. Examples Examples: Ini tanah pemerintah punya, bukan ko punya! = It's governmental land, not yours! Tong tra pernah bohong'' = We never lie. List of abbreviations D:demonstrative L:locative PROX:proximal MED:medial See also Ambonese Malay North Moluccan Malay Serui Malay Notes References Malay-based pidgins and creoles Languages of Indonesia Malay dialects