Fernando "Nando" Giménez Alvarez (October 15, 1925 – February 16, 2013) was a Filipino association footballer, sports executive and referee. He is known for introducing the substitution signal, a gesture used by FIFA referees whenever a player enters and leaves a pitch during international football matches. Early life Fernando Giménez Alvarez was born on October 15, 1925 to Fernando García Alvarez Sr. and Adelina Acosta Giménez who were both Spanish immigrants in the Philippines. He had seven siblings although he and a brother were the only ones to live up to adulthood. Alvarez attended De La Salle College where he spent most of his studies and transferred to San Beda College shortly prior to the outbreak of World War II. After the war, he finished his studies at the University of the East. Military service During World War II he joined the Hukbalahap, a resistance group which fought against the Imperial Japanese occupiers. He also later served in the United States Army which later lead to him being given United States citizenship. He was part of the United States Merchant Marine until 1947 when he was honorably discharged from the organization. Football career As a player As a student, Alvarez played for San Beda College. He was also the captain of the Philippines national football team. In the club level, he was a mainstay of the Turbo Salvajes of the Manila Football League in the late 1940s which won the four of the first five league titles since the league's resumption in 1947. As coach Alvarez was the head coach of the Philippines which finished last in the 1962 Asian Games. As a referee Alvarez was given FIFA referee status in 1958 and officiated 32 international matches held from 1959 to 1973. From 1966 to 1988, Alvarez was a member of the Asian Football Confederation Referees Committee. As part of the FIFA International Board of Referees, he was the one who came up with substitution signal which is used by referees whenever a player leaves or enters the field in international matches. Alvarez is credited for increasing the profile of American soccer referees. In the 1990s, the inclusion of Esse Baharmast as one of the referees of the 1998 FIFA World Cup in France was a result of Alvarez's intervention. He wrote to FIFA President Joao Havelange where he vouched for Baharmast's capability to officiate in a world cup. From