above pronouns entirely; preferring to substitute various combinations of the addressee's names and/or titles. Thus, for instance, a university student might ask ("What does Professor X. think?", meant for the addressee) rather than using the insufficiently formal or the overly impersonal . If the difference in rank is not to be emphasized, it is perfectly acceptable to use the addressed person's first name instead of a second-person pronoun, e.g. ("I'd like to ask [you,] Peter to…"). (Note that these are possible because the formal second-person conjugation of verbs is the same as the third-person conjugation.) Finally, the auxiliary verb (lit. "it pleases [you]") is an indirect alternative (or, perhaps, supplement) to direct address with the third or even second person. In terms of grammar, it can only be applied if the addressed person is mentioned in the nominative, otherwise it is replaced by forms with the name or . It is very polite (sometimes seen as over-polite) and not as formal as the form. Children usually address adults outside their family this way. Adults may address more distant relatives, housekeepers and older persons using this form, and some men habitually address older or younger women this way (this is slightly old-fashioned). It is important to keep in mind that formal conjugation doesn't automatically imply politeness or vice versa; these factors are independent of each other. For example, "What would you like to have?" (literally, "What do you command?") is in the informal conjugation, while it can be extremely polite, making it possible to express one's honour towards people one has previously established a friendly relationship with. On the other hand, "What do you want?" is expressed with the formal conjugation, nevertheless it may sound rude and aggressive; the formal conjugation does not soften this tone in any way. * is a form of addressing for professors (cf. "Sir"); is the accusative. Other forms of addressing are also possible, to avoid specifying the and pronouns. ** is an example name in the accusative (cf. "Aunt Mary"). Turkic Turkish In modern Turkish, the T–V distinction is strong. Family members and friends speak to one another using the second-person singular , and adults use to address minors. In formal situations (business, customer–clerk, and colleague relationships, or meeting people for the first time) the plural second-person is used almost exclusively. In very formal situations, the double plural second-person may be used to address a