1860s, and "Darkie Stream" in North Island. United States In West Texas, "Dead Nigger Creek" was renamed "Dead Negro Draw"; both names probably commemorate the Buffalo Soldier tragedy of 1877. Curtis Island in Maine used to be known as either Negro or Nigger Island. The island was renamed in 1934 after Cyrus H. K. Curtis, publisher of the Saturday Evening Post, who lived locally. It had a baseball team who wore uniforms emblazoned with "Nigger Island" (or in one case, "Nigger Ilsand"). Negro Head Road, or Nigger Head Road, referred to many places in the Old South where black body parts were displayed in warning (see Lynching in the United States). In Los Angeles, Nigger Alley or Negro Alley was used on maps to signify the street originally called Calle de los Negros in the Spanish and Mexican period, referring to Afromestizo or mulatto Mexican residents. In 1971 about 300 students at the University of Vermont protested property owned by the university under the names "Niggerhead Pond" and "Niggerhead Mountain". On July 27, 1962, citing a standard of "offensive to many", and "no one now would suggest a new name including the word", Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall sent a letter to the United States Geological Survey's board chairman to press for a plan to remove the use of the word "nigger" anywhere it appeared in the organization's topographical maps product, and to request a policy for and change of all occurrences of it on its maps. This led to a wider codified policy by the USGS against use of any ethnic slur in any map name. Where "nigger" appeared on USGS map objects and another suitable name had not been offered, it was changed to "negro", by 1967. There were, however, communities who did not comply, and disputes extended into the 1970s. During the 2012 United States presidential election campaign, in October 2011 the Washington Post reported that Rick Perry, candidate for the Republican nomination, leases a hunting camp once called "Niggerhead". Although it had not been named by him nor his family, according to some local residents interviewed by the Post the Perrys used the camp for years before painting over a large rock with that name on it which stands at an entrance, however Perry's campaign stated that the Perrys painted over the rock almost immediately after acquiring a lease on the property in 1983. Some