animals (e.g. Shirokuma = Polar Bear, Taka Seigi = Hawk Justice, Isamu Koma 勇駒 = brave horse, Byakko 白狐 = White Fox, Ōzaru = Great Ape). Former students of Hatsumi similarly use martial names, e.g. Fumio "Unsui" Manaka, Tsunehisa 'Shōtō' Tanemura. Satō Kinbei, a rather controversial figure who claimed also to have studied under Takamatsu, used the Bugō (and "-sai name") "Jūshinsai" (柔心斎) and passed this to his daughter Chizuko, who became the "2nd generation Jūshinsai". Kimura Masaji, another claiming to have studied under Takamatsu, used the Bugō "Masakatsu" (正勝). Students of Stephen K. Hayes's To-Shin Do are awarded warrior names on promotion to 3rd Dan, e.g. Kevin "Keitoshi" Casey. The Tenshin ryū website lists five instructors with Bugō, each granted to them by previous masters. Shiina Kazue, grandmaster of Hokushin Ittō-ryū, uses the Bugō "Naritane" (成胤). The character 胤 (-tane) is common to several generations of grandmaster in this school. Hidemine Jibiki, president of the All Japan Soft-Style Martial Arts Federation uses the Bugō "Buhō" (武峰). Nakajima Shōhitsu, grandmaster of Shinkage-ryū, used the Bugō "Shōun" (勝雲). Seven of the past eight in the lineage have used the character 勝 (meaning "to win") in their names. In the Kidōkan Iaidō Dōjō in Osaka, new Dan grades are awarded Bugō such as 不聆庵 See also Nom de guerre Shikona, ring names used by sumo wrestlers Yagō, pseudonyms used by Japanese actors or merchants Stage name (a.k.a. screen name) Pen name References External links 「号」の文化について - Japanese language article from Tenshin-ryū about the history of martial names 和号と庵号と武号 - Japanese language article by Takeharu Bruce Nakadai (Bugō: Hekishū-sai 碧洲齋) from 不動庵 about the thought process behind giving martial names to students Japanese martial arts terminology