(ESS/ST), arriving in January 1946. According to one assessment of Kelly's time in Japan, “From 1946-1950 he waged an enlightened and generally successful fight to save Japanese science from mindless destruction at the hands of the Occupation bureaucracy.” Kelly is also credited with saving the distinguished nuclear scientist, Yoshio Nishina from a US Army purge of Japanese scientists. Asked to vet Nishina by US intelligence officers, Kelly took the file home and made the assessment that “He was an international scholar, respected all over the world. And he had spoken out against the war. I said it was against everyone’s interests to purge that man.” They developed a strong personal bond, likely helped by Nishina's command of English. Kelly learned only a few words of Japanese in his time there. He also argued for the continuation of the Physical and Chemical Research Institute (Riken) in Tokyo with a new focus on research that could help Japan rebuild its economy. Although there was a strong push to have it dismantled as a monopoly, Kelly persuaded the powers that be that it was a vital institution for the rehabilitation of Japan in the post-war era. Kelly also prevented censorship of Japanese scientific publications. Kelly returned to the U.S. in 1950, taking a position at the Office of Naval Research in Chicago. In 1951 Alan Waterman, the first director of the National Science Foundation (NSF), appointed Kelly to become Assistant Director for Scientific Personnel and Education. There he helped start the NSF fellowship program and summer institutes for boosting the skills of science instructors. When the institutes were established he sent out a notice that it was the " ....Foundation's 'understanding' that no one would be barred from participating or unfavorably discriminated against because of race, color, or religion. The policy kept some institutions from applying for institute grants and caused others to be turned down." In 1961, he was appointed Chairman of the United States Delegation to the United States-Japan Committee on Scientific Cooperation. He later accepted the position of dean of the faculty at North Carolina State University and subsequently served as provost. Even out of government service, Kelly continued to play a strong role in forging strong ties between Japanese and U.S. scientists. Kelly retired from his position at North Carolina State University in 1974 and died on 2 February 1976. Shortly after his death, he was honored with a