important strategy used to conduct Brief Intervention is FRAMES; Feedback on the risk for alcohol problems, Responsibility: where the individual with alcohol misuse is responsible for change, Advice: about reduction or explicit direction to change, Menu: providing a variety of strategies for change, Empathy: with a warm, reflective, empathic and understanding approach and Self-efficacy of the misusing person in making a change. Referral to treatment In cases where brief intervention has shown to have a little effect, the individuals are referred to treatment. A referral is usually indicated for only about 5% of people screened. Applications & Implementation of SBIRT The applications of SBIRT are very flexible so it can be delivered in various settings, including, primary care centres, school-based health centers, clinics, and other community settings provide excellent opportunities for early intervention with at-risk substance users and for intervention for persons with substance use disorders. SBIRT has proved its importance in many medical settings in facilitating early identification of risky substance use, therefore many recent studies are exploring new approaches to understanding SBIRT and how best to implement the intervention to achieve the greatest positive results. References Substance-related disorders