depends not only on the closeness of the relationship but also on age and the formality of the situation (e.g., work meeting vs. a party). Children always use to address each other and are addressed in this way by adults, but are taught to address adults with . Younger adults typically also address older adults outside the family as regardless of intimacy, and may be addressed as in return. When talking to each other young people often start with the formal , but may transit to very quickly in an informal situation. Among older people, is often reserved for closer acquaintances. Unless there is a substantial difference in age, the choice of the form is symmetric: if A uses to address B, then B also uses to address A. While people may transit quickly from to , such transition presumes mutual agreement. Use of without consent of the other person is likely to be viewed as poor conduct or even as an insult, particularly if the other party maintains using . Polish Polish uses as formal forms the words (meaning "mister" or "gentleman") and ("lady"), and in the plural ("gentlemen") and ("ladies") respectively, being used for mixed groups (originally a neutral noun, meaning roughly "lordship", but also, and even today, "state"). is used with the plural, like and . Because of their character as nouns (and not pronouns) these words are used with the third person: For example, the familiar ("You want to drink") becomes (literally "The gentleman wants to drink"). Further, and can be combined with the first name, the last name and with titles like "President", "Professor", "Doctor", "Editor" and others (, etc.; using these titles is considered necessary); using both (, ) is considered more polite or, in some context, even submissive. Addressing a present person with the last name is only usual in court or in other affairs, where government authority is involved, and generally considered impolite or condescending. When addressing someone, all these forms always require the vocative case, which is otherwise optional (for example ("Mr Kowalski!"), ("Mrs Joanna!"), ("Professor!")). For , etc. alone, + genitive is used instead of vocative: , , , and . A unique practice among both Poles is addressing a lawyer as , meaning "Mr. Philanthropist", derived from the name of Gaius Maecenas, an ancient Roman patron of the arts. The V-forms are capitalized only in actual letters (or e-mails),