and intracerebroventricularly, that has shown clinical activity. Mackall has elucidated fundamental biology related to T cells, with a focus on T cell exhaustion, demonstrating that cJUN overexpression prevents T cell exhaustion and this work led to the launch of Lyell Immunopharma which is testing this approach in clinical trials. Her group demonstrated that T cell exhaustion can be reversed by transient T cell rest and demonstrated that dasatinib, a commonly prescribed oral drug, could be used to rest human T cells. Mackall and Freitas discovered a role for the mediator kinase modules in regulating T cell effector differentiation and demonstrated that MED12 knockout increased the potency of human T cells in preclinical models. Mackall has led clinical trials of cancer vaccines, launched the first clinical trial of recombinant human interleukin-7, led studies of immune checkpoint inhibitors in pediatric cancers and studied a role for bone marrow transplants in pediatric solid tumors. In 2018 Mackall was awarded $11.9 million from the California Institute of Regenerative Medicine to lead a clinical trial using genetically modified T cells engineered to recognize CD19 or CD22 proteins expressed on leukemia or lymphoma. The trial was conducted at the Stanford Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, which modified the chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) to identify B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia and B-cell lymphoma. In 2022, Mackall was awarded $11.9 million from the California Institute of Regenerative Medicine to lead a clinical trial using T cells engineered to express GD2-CAR T cells for treatment of diffuse midline gliomas. Mackall holds a number of patents relating to peptides, antigen receptors and T cell fitness enhancements. She has served on the editorial boards of several cancer journals, including Cancer Today. Awards and honors 2000 National Institutes of Health Distinguished Clinical Teacher Award 2003, 2010 National Cancer Institute Director's Award 2005 American Society for Clinical Investigation Member 2006-2018 Best Doctors in America Member 2012 National Institutes of Health Great Teacher Lectureship 2013 Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Alexandra Scott Lectureship in Pediatric Oncology 2013 National Institutes of Health Director's Award 2015 National Institutes of Health G. Burroughs Mider Lectureship 2017 MD Anderson Cancer Center Warren Sutow Distinguished Lectureship 2018 Top 10 Clinical Research Award for New CAR-T Cell Therapy for Relapsed Leukemia 2019 American Academy of Dermatology Lila and Murray Gruber Memorial Cancer Research Award 2021 AACR-St. Baldrick’s Foundation Award for Outstanding Achievement in Pediatric Cancer Research 2021 AACR Team Science Award