continued through to 2001 with support of the Himalayan Wildlife Foundation and their 20 strong wildlife guards. The research by the Himalayan Wildlife Foundation was supported by a research consulting company, Hagler Bailly Pakistan, through provision of resources including research staff at their office in Islamabad where Mr Vaqar Zakaria was working. The effort of the Himalayan Wildlife Foundation, park staff that conducted various surveys including annual census of bears, along with research effort of Dr Ali Nawaz, a conservation biologist at Hagler Bailly Pakistan at the time and later as a pHD researcher, culminated in multiple research papers on the status and genetic diversity of the brown bears of Deosai. Current Involvement The Himalayan Wildlife Foundation is not currently involved in the day-to-day management of the Deosai National Park. It has maintained broader involvement in broader policy interventions in the National Park. More recently, given issues with communities of Gujjar-bakarwal (nomadic herders) who travel very long distances to utilize the summer pastures of Deosai National Park from the Pir Panjal and who are considered to have usufruct rights to grazing lands within the national park from before it was formed, the Himalayan Wildlife Foundation has carried out further study and research into community-led conservation supported by the Global Environment Facility Small Grants Programme. Other Initiatives The Himalayan Wildlife Foundation also conceived and ran the Rohtas Fort Conservation Programme at Rohtas Fort, Punjab, Pakistan. The Himalayan Wildlife Foundation is also involved in conservation efforts in the Jammu and Kashmir region administered by Pakistan. These include conservation initiative in the Gumot National Park, Musk Deer National Park and Neelum Valley. References Nature conservation organisations based in Pakistan Wildlife conservation in Pakistan Animal welfare organisations based in Pakistan