Henry VI of England and Edward IV of England reigned during the turbulent period of English history in the fifteenth century known as the Wars of the Roses. The Wars of the Roses were a series of English civil wars for control of the throne of England fought between supporters of two rival branches of the royal House of Plantagenet. The House of Lancaster, associated with a red rose was led by Henry VI, and the House of York, whose symbol was a white rose, was led by Edward IV. Each King reigned for two periods between 1422 and 1483 as follows: 31 August 1422 – 4 March 1461 Henry VI 4 March 1461 – 3 October 1470 Edward IV 3 October 1470 – 11 April 1471 Henry VI 11 April 1471 – 9 April 1483 Edward IV The following individuals were Earls (suo jure or jure uxoris) or Countesses (suo jure) during the reigns of Henry VI and Edward IV. The period of tenure as Earl or Countess is given after the name and title of each individual, including any period of minority. Earl of Arundel John FitzAlan, 14th Earl of Arundel (1421-1435) Humphrey FitzAlan, 15th Earl of Arundel (1435-1438) William FitzAlan, 16th Earl of Arundel (1438-1487) Earl of Cambridge Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, 2nd Earl of Cambridge (1426-1460) Edward Plantagenet, 4th Duke of York, 3rd Earl of Cambridge (1460-1461) Earl of Chester Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales, Earl of Chester (1453-1471) Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, Prince of Wales, Earl of Chester (1460) Edward Plantagenet, 4th Duke of York, Prince of Wales, Earl of Chester (1471) Earl of Devon (First Creation) Thomas de Courtenay, 5th Earl of Devon (1422-1458) Thomas de Courtenay, 6th Earl of Devon (1458-1461) John Courtenay, 7th Earl of Devon (1461-1469) Earl of Devon (Second Creation) Humphrey Stafford, 1st Earl of Devon (1469) Earl of Devon (First Creation Restored) John Courtenay, 7th Earl of Devon (1469-1471) Earl of Dorset (Third Creation) Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset, 1st Earl of Dorset (1442-1455) Earl of Essex Henry Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex (1461-1483) Earl of Huntingdon (Fourth Creation) John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter, Earl of Huntingdon (1416-1447) Henry Holland, 3rd Duke of Exeter, Earl of Huntingdon (1447-1461) Earl of Huntingdon (Fifth Creation) Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset, Earl of Huntingdon (1471) Earl of Huntingdon (Sixth Creation) William Herbert, 2nd Earl