Chapter 37 of the Samguk sagi ('History of the Three Kingdoms', 1145) contains a list of place names and their meanings, from part of central Korea captured by Silla from the former state of Goguryeo (Koguryŏ). Some of the vocabulary extracted from these names provides the principal evidence that Japonic languages were formerly spoken in central and southern parts of the Korean peninsula. Other words resemble Korean or Tungusic words. Some scholars have ascribed the extracted vocabulary to an Old Koguryŏ language. Others, pointing out that the area concerned had been part of Goguryeo for less than 200 years, argue that these names represent the languages of earlier inhabitants of the area, and call them pseudo-Koguryŏ or Early Paekche (Baekje). Place name glosses The Samguk sagi is a history, written in Classical Chinese, of the Korean Three Kingdoms period, which ended in 668. The work was compiled in 1145 from records of the kingdoms of Silla, Goguryeo and Baekje that are no longer extant. Four chapters survey the geography of the former kingdoms. Chapters 34, 35 and 36 describe the territories of Silla, Goguryeo and Baekje respectively. They also cover the administrative re-organization after unification as Later Silla in 668, including former place names and the standardized two-character Sino-Korean names assigned under King Gyeongdeok in the 8th century. Chapter 37, dealing mostly with places in the Goguryeo lands seized by Silla, has a different format, with a series of items of the form These formulas were first studied by Naitō Konan (1907), Miyazaki Michizaburō (1907) and Shinmura Izuru (1916). Substantial analysis began with a series of articles by Lee Ki-Moon in the 1960s, with further contributions by Shichirō Murayama. These scholars interpreted such formulas as giving place names and their meanings. For example, the following entry refers to the city now known as Suwon: Since 水城 is a Chinese phrase meaning 'water city', while 買忽 cannot be read as Chinese, scholars deduce that the characters 買忽 are used to record the sound of the name, while the characters 水城 represent its meaning. From this, they infer that 買 and 忽 represent a local words for 'water' and 'city' respectively. In other cases, the two forms of a name are given in the opposite order or annotated in inconsistent ways. For example, another entry is: In this case, the first part, 七重縣, can be read in Chinese as 'seven-fold county', while