and open at the top, and three holes are burned through the bamboo in the lower half of the instrument. The sound radiates upward, so that the player hears it best. The bow is stored inside the bamboo tube. The instrument strings are tuned "approximately a fourth apart" at "roughly F4 — A#4". The musician plays the instrument by using a bow on the strings, fingers underneath the strings at the top of the instrument. The musician raises and lowers tension on the strings, changing the pitch of the notes, in a roughly "four-tone scale." The higher-pitched string is used to play melody, and the lower-pitched string is occasionally played as a drone, providing "heterophony." The is played as part of the religious life-view of the Moken people. The two strings represent ancestral couples, and the musician, by playing the instrument, has "dialogue with the entities of the mythical past." Arizona The White Cloud and San Carlos Apache people in Arizona developed a bowed-tube zither in the 1800s, called today, the Apache fiddle. The instrument was made from the hollowed-out stem of an agave cactus, the top sealed with piñón pine pitch, a wedge driven up through the bottom of the instrument so that the edge of the wedge supported the weight of the bridge from inside. The instrument and bow were both strung with horsehair, the hair on the fiddle twisted into a tight string, the hair on the bow straight. The tuning peg tightened the fiddle string to "C# below middle C." It may have been played as well by the Yakutat people (part of the Tlingit of the northwest coast of North America. The Diegueno of Southern California had a bowed instrument, as well, and the Seri people on Tiburón Island, although the Seri's traditional fiddle was the enneg. The tone of the instrument was "a faint dry squeak", characterized humorously by Apaches as the "buzz, buzz, sound." They also called it "wood singing." Related instruments This list does not attempt to include all variations. Some instruments may be known by more than one name. Cambodia Kong ring, (Mondulkiri Province) plucked Bunong people (Mondulkiri Province), plucked 6-string bamboo idiochord gung treng, Tampuan people (Ratanakiri Province) 9-stringed tube zither, metal strings, plucked India Alapini vina, historic Dhutang, Assam Eka-tantri vina, historic Guda (Thadou), Manipur Kinnari vina, historic Pak-Dol or Veddur-Dol (Maria Gond people) Jabalpur Rudra veena modern form