Fine Arts, Joseph (Józef) Saunders in 1810 (fig. 1.1, a bas-relief medallion portrait of Joseph Saunders by his pupil, Wincenty Smokowski). He designed the curriculum for teaching the history of art at university level. The syllabus of his lectures included an overview of art from ancient Egypt, through Greece and Rome, to a broad analysis of contemporary European art, including that of Scandinavia, Poland, and Russia. He delivered lectures on extra-European, i.e. Indian, Persian and Jewish art, as well as English literature. In 1810, Saunders first used the term "Romantic" in Poland. He taught the Polish Romantic poets and painters who studied at his faculty. In 1818 he took a sabbatical for health reasons and travelled to Italy with his assistant, Antoni Pilecki. He stayed in Florence and Pisa as guest of the exiled Polish statesman, Michał Ogiński. While in Tuscany, he produced prints after Antonio Canova, and works by Bertel Thorwaldsen and Vittorio Alfieri. In 1821 he retired from his university position, where he was succeeded by Jan Rustem, and from 1822 lived for two years in Odessa. Thereafter he went back to Florence. Upon learning of his son's death in 1839, he returned to Wilno. He himself died many years later in the winter of 1853–4 according to an inscription found on a gravestone in the former Basilian cemetery in Kremenets. Although the date is 1 January 1854, some sources state he died on 30 December 1853. More generally his death is dated 1845. Personal life Saunders married Antonina Zofia Reichel, the daughter of another engraver, Jan Jakub Reichel. They had three surviving children. Their son, William, was born in London on 24 April 1794 and died on 10 August 1839 in Wilno. He had been a high ranking state official in Vilna Voivodeship. There were two daughters, Antonina Sarah (b.1808) who married count Leon Krasicki, and Julia (b.1809). Works Saunders is known to have produced a number of important engravings during the reign of Tsar Paul I. Among these were a reproduction of Roman Charity after Guido Reni, published in 1799 and a portrait of Tsar Paul, entitled Paul Premier (Emperor of Russia) now part of the British Royal Collection. He contributed 48 of the 75 engravings of imperial portraits after Lampi and Gérard in the two volume edition of La Galerie de l'Hermitage. There are 9 historical portraits associated with one or more engravers called "Joseph