In the Netherlands, the Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) is responsible for safety testing of fireworks. Since 2010, safety testing of fireworks is required in the entire European Union, but companies are allowed to test their products in one member state before importing and selling them in another. A 2010 document from the Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment revealed that several fireworks importers in the Netherlands did not yet comply with the new testing regulations, but were not penalised for it because a number of companies claimed they needed more time to implement the changes, and they were granted exceptions by the Ministry. Dream Fireworks owner Frits Pen, who claimed to have had his fireworks tested in Hungary for thousands of euros, sued the Ministry for failing to punish his competitors who were allowed to import and sell untested fireworks for free. In 2014, the Ministry stated that, by then, 80% of the fireworks imported into the Netherlands had a CE marking and were being checked. According to a 2017 report by the Dutch Safety Board, 25% of all fireworks tested failed to meet safety standards and were banned from sale. Injury, damage and nuisance Fireworks in the Netherlands are known to cause various negative effects to users, bystanders and people living nearby, especially around New Year's Eve, when extra police, firefighters and paramedics are deployed to control the situation. Which measures do and do not work, and how matters may be improved without 'ruining the party', is subject to ongoing discussion. The negative effects of fireworks can be divided into: Noise pollution because of unexpectedly loud explosions (especially troublesome for animals) Air pollution because of the smoke created by fireworks (in 2008, smog by fireworks smoke caused dozens of traffic accidents, killing two people) Injuries and fear of being hit by fireworks (either by accident or on purpose; during New Year's Eve 2016/17, 61% of victims were bystanders, 39% were the igniters themselves) Vandalism and accidents by (illegal) fireworks causing damage and destruction to infrastructure and property Disruption of public order by, amongst other things, violence against public servants (police, firefighters and paramedics) using fireworks National and European legislation The original Vuurwerkbesluit was adopted in 1993, and was primarily concerned with environmental issues. In the wake of the 2000 Enschede fireworks disaster, the Dutch government approved new rules regarding consumer and professional fireworks on 22 January