claim that he had not known a duel was to take place when he arrived at the park. The apparent savagery of the duel led to a public outcry. This reinvigorated the campaign to clamp down on dueling, and, in April 1713, Queen Anne spoke out against the practice. While dueling continued to be a popular way of settling disputes during the eighteenth century, fresh conventions developed such as the use of pistols rather than swords. The traditional involvement of seconds in the actual fighting rapidly declined. In popular culture The duel forms the basis for a scene in William Makepeace Thackeray's 1852 novel The History of Henry Esmond. References Further reading 1710s in London 1712 in England Dueling Political violence in Great Britain House of Hamilton