using Bayesian networks and influence diagrams. Neapolitan's "Probabilistic Reasoning in Expert Systems" and Judea Pearl's "Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems" have been widely recognized as formalizing the field of Bayesian networks, as seen in the works of Eugene Charniak, who, in 1991, noted both texts as the source for Bayesian network inference algorithms; P.W. Jones, who wrote a review of "Probabilistic Reasoning in Expert Systems"in 1992; Cooper and Herskovits, who credit Neapolitan's text and Pearl's text for formalizing the theory of belief networks in their 1992 paper that developed the score-based method for learning Bayesian networks from data; and Simon Parsons, who, in 1995, compared the two texts and discussed their roles in establishing the field of probabilistic networks. More recently, in 2008, Dawn Holmes discussed Neapolitan's career and the contribution of his first text. In the 1990s researchers strived to develop methods that could learn Bayesian networks from data. Neapolitan assimilated these efforts in the 2003 text Learning Bayesian Networks, which is the first book addressing learning Bayesian networks. Other Bayesian network books that Neapolitan authored include Probabilistic Methods for Financial and Marketing Informatics, which applies Bayesian networks to problems in finance and marketing; and Probabilistic Methods for Bioinformatics, which applies Bayesian networks to problems in biology. Neapolitan has also written Foundations of Algorithms and (with Xia Jiang) Artificial Intelligence: With an Introduction to Machine Learning. References Year of birth missing (living people) Living people 21st-century American mathematicians Illinois Institute of Technology alumni Northeastern Illinois University faculty Northwestern University faculty