carotenoids, and selenium are associated with lower levels of muscle strength. The activity of Vitamin D receptors on muscle has been found to decrease with aging. These receptors initiate the nuclear response leading to De novo synthesis of proteins. However, the results of multiple studies on the relation between Vitamin D and muscle strength have been highly controversial, making the effect of Vitamin D on muscle strength in need of further investigation. The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein is not very clear for older adults; it may underestimate the amount of protein needed to maintain optimal physical function with age. A study by Houston and colleagues showed how decreased protein intake may increase the risk of developing mobility limitations later on. The study revealed that 35.4% out of 43% of participants who consumed a significantly smaller amount of protein (mean: 0.38 g/kg body weight/d) than the RDA (0.8 g/kg body weight/d) developed mobility limitations over the 6 year follow-up. In contrast, participants who consumed more protein (mean: (≥1.0 g/kg body weight/d) than the RDA had a lower risk of developing mobility limitations over the 6 year follow-up. Prevention Resistance training has been shown to greatly influence virtually all of the strength related physiological mechanisms of the nervous and skeletal muscle systems - even into very late life. Recent studies by Peterson et al. have uncovered two critical aspects of resistance training that must be implemented in the training process to achieve positive results. One factor being the positive correlation between higher intensity resistance training and greater improvements in muscle strength. The other factor being a direct relationship between increased resistance training volume, which is the total number of exercise sets performed in a session, and improvements in lean body mass. A meta-analysis on the effect of resistance exercise for multiple strength outcomes in older adults revealed a positive effect for each of the strength outcomes. Specifically, the estimate of mean strength change from baseline to post intervention for the leg press was 31.63 kg. There was a mean strength change of 9.83 kg for the chest press, 12.08 kg for the knee extension, and 10.63 kg for the lat pull. These results demonstrate that resistance training is an effective way to improve the muscular strength capacity of older adults. Research By defining strength cutoff values and establishing a clinical definition of dynapenia, treatment and prevention plans could be developed