up residence in Thailand, first from 1962 to 1967 and then again from 1969 to 1972. He was the editor of Practical Anthropology (now known as Missiology) from 1955 to 1968 and an associate editor of The Bible Translator from 1957 to 1959. In 1977, after twenty-three years with the American Bible Society and United Bible Societies, he decided to leave. Unable to find employment, he worked for a time at a discount toy store. Bethel University In 1978, he relocated to St. Paul, Minnesota, to accept a position as Professor of Linguistics at Bethel University. To his surprise, he discovered that many thousands of Hmong refugees were also settling in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul area. As an Honorary Fellow with the University of Minnesota Southeast Asia Refugee Studies Program, he took part in a project studying Hmong adaptation to life in the United States, publishing 'Adaptive Language Strategies of the Hmong: From Asian Mountains to American Ghettos' (1985) and 'Stages of Hmong Cultural Adaptation' (1986). He also studied the different Hmong scripts that had been developed after the Romanized Popular Alphabet, in particular the Pahawh Hmong script, which was created in Laos in 1959 by Shong Lue Yang. With Chia Koua Vang and Gnia Yee Yang, he wrote two books about Pahawh Hmong and its creator: Mother of Writing: The Origin and Development of a Hmong Messianic Script and The Life of Shong Lue Yang: Hmong “Mother of Writing” (both published in 1990). From 1983 to 1992, he was an associate editor of Language Sciences. In 1985 and 1986, he once again lived in Thailand, this time as a Fulbright research fellow researching the different languages and dialects of the country. His book Linguistic Diversity and National Unity: Language Ecology in Thailand (1994) has been described by the Thai scholar David Smyth as "a masterful study of the relationship between the national language, regional dialects and minority languages". He retired from Bethel University in 1987, but continued to write extensively in his retirement. He died of a heart attack at the age of seventy-four. Notable works Osborn, Henry, and William A. Smalley (1949). 'Formulae for Comanche Stem and Word Formation'. International Journal of American Linguistics, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 93–99. Smalley, William A., and Marie Fetzer (1950). 'A Christian View of Anthropology'. In F. Alton Everest (ed.), Modern Science and Christian Faith, pp. 98–195. Wheaton, Illinois: Van Kampen Press.