Paul II in the 1990s and Benedict XVI in the early 21st century. Public debate on role and official acknowledgement of the Madrid repression system continued. In 2015, the Comisionado de Memoria Histórica marked the Bellas Artes checa, the Modelo prison and the Porlier prison to feature among 15 "sites of historical memory" in Madrid. The proposal generated ongoing public controversy related to the list of sites and exact wording used. Initially, it was intended to mount plaques commemorating the victims, but according to legal expertise obtained the proposal would be incompatible with Ley de Memoria Histórica, which prohibits "exaltación de la sublevación militar, de la Guerra Civil y de la represión de la Dictadura". So far, minor plaques are currently mounted in premises which do not form public space like in religious buildings. Debates related to other initiatives of the Madrid town hall continue. Historiography Historiography on the violence in the Civil War is massive and grows every week. Until 1975, the focus was mostly on terror behind the Republican lines; in the late 20th century, attention shifted to Nationalist repression. Research on the Loyalist zone has been reinvigorated recently, resulting in at least three major works dedicated to Madrid; Some specific issues, especially the Paracuellos killings, also earned a sizeable literature. However, the contributions are by no means to complete investigation. Most questions raised are still subject to historiographic debates, usually unrelated to Madrid specifics but referring to violence during the Civil War in general. In the early 21st century, it was hoped that the discourse was approaching "synthesis" and "normalisación". but that judgment turned decisively premature; quite to the contrary, the debate grew "more heated than ever before". The central point of almost all debates is the role of state structures in repression behind the Republican lines. Most generally, the discussion is whether violence occurred despite of or because of the regime. Some claim that terror was integral to the republican system, and some maintain that it was fundamentally opposed by official structures. Most specific problems are part of the general dilemma. One of the questions is the existence of a blueprint for extermination; some suggest that republican violence resulted from a premeditated general strategy, others claim that no such plan, strategy or intention has ever existed. Another question is whether violence might be perceived as a revolution; some scholars see the Civil War principally in revolutionary