for reelection for the second district in 1898, but was defeated and left office on 31 May 1898. Around this time Jean Jaurès asked Deville to help him locate primary material on the French Revolution in the parliamentary archives. Although Deville still took a theoretical interest in capitalism's economic and social problems, he had now become much closer to the independent socialists associated with Jaurès. Deville wrote Thermidor et Directoire (1794–1799), a volume of Jaurès's Histoire socialiste. His volume was dominated by the character of François-Noël Babeuf (Gracchus Babeuf), the leader of the 1796 "Conspiracy of the Equals". Babeuf gave a clear statement of egalitarian principles, but was also pragmatic and willing to support the Directory against the threat of royalist counter-revolution. In 1899 Deville supported Alexandre Millerand's entry into the cabinet of Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau. On 22 March 1903 Deville was elected to the fourth district in a by-election to replace Daniel Cloutier(fr), who had died. He defeated Maurice Barrès in the second round of voting. In the house he positioned himself with Juarès and Aristide Briand. Deville was secretary of the Committee for Separation of the Church and the State. Ferdinand Buisson was president of this committee and Briand was rapporteur. He was active in debates and proposed various laws. Deville became a member of the Central Committee for Research and Publication of Documents on the Economic History of the French Revolution in December 1903. In June 1905 he became a member of the Library and Archives Organization Committee. He did not run for reelection in the 1906 general elections. Deville left office on 31 May 1906. Later career On 29 April 1907 Deville was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary 2nd class, extraordinary envoy to Ethiopia, but was not installed. On 16 July 1907 he was appointed delegate of France to the European Commission of the Danube. On 6 February 1909 he became Deputy Director of Chancery Affairs. On 5 June 1909 he was appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at Athens. He retired after this. Gabriel Deville died at the age of 85 on 28 February 1940 in Viroflay, Yvelines. Publications Publications by Gabriel Deville include: Notes Sources 1854 births 1940 deaths People from Tarbes Politicians from Occitania (administrative region) French socialists Members of the 6th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic Members of the 8th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic Ambassadors of France to