Jan Hendrik Scheltema (23 August 1861, in The Hague – 9 December 1941, in Brisbane), was a Dutch and later Australian painter who had a prolific, often strenuous, and arguably impressive career in Australia considering he was a non-British migrant artist without an international reputation on arrival. After working as a portrait painter in the Netherlands, he specialized in Australia as a livestock and landscape painter, making the livestock genre, particularly the foreground cattle genre, popular there. In Australia, he painted mainly in Victoria when living in Melbourne for almost 5 decades, even through its land boom depression of the 1890's, World War I and the Great Depression, where he also practiced as a painting and drawing teacher. He successfully lived off only his art and art teaching, at one stage owning a few houses, one of which he kept when retiring to Queensland. Education Three 'pieces' of the very youthful Scheltema have survived and were recently sent to Australia: his huge 'Knife Whetting Machine' made as an eight- or nine-year old with his handwritten explanation of how it worked, his 'Atlas of All Parts of the Earth' at the age of about thirteen years. and a narrating sketch in pencil of what could be called 'The Stumble of Aunt Henriet'. All three support the likelihood that already from a young age he wanted to become an artist. After attending art lessons in the studio of Rotterdam painter Bergsi, then having been rejected for a scholarship, but at the same time encouraged in writing by the relevant committee to try again the following year, Scheltema took drawing and painting lessons from the painter J. J. Bertelman (1821–1899) of Gouda for about a year starting in 1879, as he then lived in Gouda. Bertelman coached him to become a plein-air artist, which included him building his own compact collapsible field easel/portable painting equipment set. His work submitted then scored him a scholarship from King William III of the Netherlands for the years 1880 to 1884 of resp. 350, 450, 500, 500 and 300 guilders. He studied during 1880–1882 at the Royal Academy of Art, The Hague, now known as University of the Arts. Subsequently, he studied at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of Antwerp, Belgium, where Charles Verlat was the docent in animal painting. It was reported in Melbourne shortly after his arrival that he "was five years in the