Heinrich Liepmann (August 3, 1904 – October 3, 1983 in Caterham, Surrey) was a German-British Political economist. Personal and professional life Liepmann was born in Stettin and the son of a bank director. His elder brother, , was an economist. After attending Gymnasium in Jena, where he took school leaving exams in 1923, he studied German, philosophy, modern history and political economy simultaneously at the University of Jena. In his leisure time he worked at an academic book dealer. His teachers at Jena included, among others, Emil Lederer and Alfred Weber, and he heard their lectures on political economy. In the summer term of 1925 Liepmann moved to Heidelberg, where, aside from replacing German with sociology, he continued with the same subject specialisms. In 1931 he submitted his dissertation, supervised by von Weber, on Economy and Revolution in Germany in 1848, and was awarded Dr. rer. oec. (comparable with a PhD in Economics), with a summa cum laude commendation. During his studies in Heidelberg, Liepmann founded the Akademischdemokratische Studentengruppe (Democratic Student Group) which was closely allied with the DDP, and led it from 1926 till 1929. Liepmann spent the summer term of 1932 on a post-doctoral scholarship at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva after which he returned to Heidelberg, where until 1934 he worked as a research assistant under von Weber in the research programme supported by the Rockefeller Foundation on "Zum wirtschaftlichen Schicksal Europas" ("Concerning the Economic Fate of Europe"). In 1936 Liepmann moved to the UK, on account of growing harassment connected with his Jewish origins. In 1938 he published his only book on political economics, a comprehensive quantitative and comparative study of the development of customs tariffs in the principal European trading nations, and their economic effects. Given the growing protectionism shortly before and during the Great Depression, which provided rich data for the period between 1927 and 1931, the work attracted considerable interest, and was discussed in British periodicals. In order to compare average increases in customs tariffs in various countries, Liepmann chose a notional 'sample list' of goods, rather than using actual country-specific goods and quantities, and used it to calculate 'potential tariff levels'. He demonstrated, using statistical material, that tariffs for all product categories, and in particular for agricultural produce, had risen sharply in the five years following the failed World Economic Conference of 1927, and he was a