Sergei Chernyshev (), born 4 August 1952, Bohodukhiv, Kharkiv Oblast, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic is a Russian philosopher, educator and expert in the field of organization and management science. Biography Chernyshev was born into a military family and attended school in Akhtubinsk. After graduating from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology in (1976), he worked as a management scientist at research centers and think tanks under the USSR State Committee for Science and Technology and the State Committee for Construction. From 1980 to 1987, he was an aide and academic advisor to the Chairman of the Committee of Youth Organizations of the USSR. Between 1983 and 1987, Chernyshev co-authored a series of classified papers for the then Soviet leadership, in an attempt to develop a reformist ideology and a strategy of change to address the challenges facing the country. These papers were considered at over 100 meetings with leading figures in the Party and the Government. In 1989, they were published (after being declassified) as a book, «After Communism» under the pseudonym «S.Platonov». Between 1985 and 1991, Chernyshev was a founding member of “Project Space Shield”, which aimed to draw up a political and economic framework for a space-based anti-ballistic missile system to be developed, built and deployed jointly by the US and USSR. The project was initiated from meetings with executives of the «Heritage Foundation», a think tank closely associated with the Ronald Reagan administration. In 1987, Chernyshev co-founded the «Cultural Initiative Foundation», a body jointly established by the Soviet Cultural Foundation, the Peace Foundation, and the Soros Foundation, NY. For its first three years, Chernyshev led the organization as Executive Secretary of the Board. The foundation operated as an impact investing fund, supporting socially beneficial projects selected by competition. In the same year, the Council of Ministers of the USSR established a new research center, under the umbrella of the Scientific Research Institute for External Economic Relations, with the aim of further advancing the reformist ideas put forward in After Communism. In 1988 and 1989 this center, in collaboration with the Cultural Initiative Foundation, initiated and coordinated a major international program known as “The Open Sector in the Soviet Economy”. An international committee comprising experts from 16 countries was set up under the patronage of Council of Ministers chairman Nikolai Ryzhkov. Six different task forces brought together over 60 top officials from government ministries and agencies, as