to both men and women. Nevertheless, Iranian laws contain several practices which reinforce gender discrimination in the country. As noted above, the Iranian Penal and Civil Codes define a child at the age of 9 lunar years for girls, and 15 lunar years for boys. This grants fewer years of child protection to girls than boys, and denies them some of the protections of the Convention. Article 907 of the Civil Code, on inheritance, also discriminates based on gender by granting male heirs twice as much as female heirs in the case of multiple children. Furthermore, Article 911 of the Civil Code states that in the case of the deceased having no surviving children, grandchildren inherit according to how much their parents would have received. Children of sons thus inherit more than children of daughters. Citizenship and the right to nationality Iranian nationality law contains principles of both jus sanguinis and jus soli. Nationality is passed through the father, meaning that children of Iranian mothers and non-Iranian fathers face difficulty in acquiring Iranian nationality. Recognizing this, in the Third Periodic Report on the CRC the Iranian government pointed out the 2006 Single Article Act on Deciding on the Nationality of Children Born as a Result of Marriage of Iranian Women and Foreign National Men, which states that children born in Iran “as a result of the marriage of Iranian women to foreign national men, may, upon attaining the age of 18, apply for acquiring Iranian nationality.” This would be granted providing the child has no criminal or security record, and that they revoke any non-Iranian nationality. The Iranian Majles estimated that the law would assist the approximately 120,000 children left in “citizenship limbo”. This law has been criticized for not going far enough to protect the rights of children. Many non-Iranian fathers are Afghan or Iraqi undocumented migrants or refugees. Iranian law requires that an Iranian woman receives permission to marry a foreign national, and as asylum-seekers are often not legally registered, their marriages cannot be registered and as such their children cannot receive birth certificates. Education The constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran states that the government is responsible for providing all citizens with free education up to secondary school The central government, through the Ministry of Education, is responsible for financing and administering K-12 education. It supervises national examinations, monitors standards, organizes curricula and the training of