John Harvey Kellogg wrote an extensive piece on concepts revolving around the topic of massage. In his work published in 1895 called The Art of Massage, he makes it a point to discuss the history of the field. Kellogg supported pushing the idea that massage can help stimulate muscles to prevent their degradation. Also, not one category was present where the number of muscles present in men was equal to the number in women. Description He begins by talking about the influence of the Chinese on the practice. They were seen as one of the first people to use massage to help relieve illness, and had particularly important contributions to the development of the field. One of the books produced from their studies was The Cong-Fou of the Tao-Tse. Kellogg's book was so influential that as of the year 2000, it was still used in the curriculum at the Ohio School of Massage. After the history of massage, he has a section discussing different parts of the body and how they should be manipulated. After this, there is space devoted to laying out what the pupil should study and examine so as to become better at the art. The effects of massage on the participant's body are explored, and special attention is paid to particular benefits, such as fighting or holding off certain illnesses. This is an idea Kellogg advocated for in many different contexts besides just this book. The actual practice of massage is broken down into the specific movements that a masseur could use to achieve different effects, such as kneading or stroking. Joint movements are considered, and then the piece delves into how to massage separate parts of the body. There are special massages for each distinct body part he focuses on. Kellogg believes that the techniques are important for every part of the body, whether it is necessary to perform the practice on that area or by massaging other parts of the body that are connected to it. The list includes the arm, chest, leg, abdomen, hip, and back, and each associated massage is very specific and has many intricate instructions. Kellogg is known for pushing the idea that massage can help stimulate muscles so as to prevent their degradation. Then, as a way of replacing human hands, massage machines are discussed. In some cases, Kellogg feels like certain devices actually work better than hands, while