and demolished several areas of the parapet. Finally, on 19 December, seeing no hope of relief from either Daun or Prince Charles, Sprecher prepared to surrender the city to the Prussians. By 20 December, the Prussians had control of all the gates of the city and the following day, the Austrians and French marched out through the Schweidnitz gate. Consequences The Austrians and the French lost 17,000 troops, the entire garrison, plus the entirety of the stores in Breslau, over 1000 horses, 81 guns, and almost 700 officers, including 13 generals. About 1200 of the defending force was killed. The officers and men were permitted to keep their personal effects but all other provisions and materials were surrendered to the Prussians. The Prussians acquired massive amounts of stores, and also acquired 1024 horses, and 220 wagons. The Prussians retook 37 artillery pieces that had been captured from them during the summer actions, plus another 44 Austrian artillery pieces. In addition, an unspecified number of Prussian officers who had been imprisoned in Breslau were freed. The defeat of Breslau put the seal on Austria's loss of fertile Silesia; the disastrous December, which included the debilitating loss at Leuthen, followed by Charles' precipitous retreat across Silesia and into Bohemia, and finally the loss of the garrison at Breslau, erased all of Austria's summer gains. Maria Theresa did not despair of winning this war against Frederick and recovering part of her patrimony (Silesia) that she had lost in 1748, but she removed her brother-in-law Charles from command of the army and sent him to the Netherlands, where he was better suited as governor. She placed Count Leopold Joseph von Daun in command of her army in Bohemia. References Notes Citations Sources Asprey, Robert, "Frederick the Great: A Magnificent Enigma", Ticknor & Fields, 1986 Bodart, Gaston, Losses of Life in Modern Wars, Clarendon Press, 1916. Redman, Herbert J. Frederick the Great and the Seven Years' War, 1756–1763, McFarland, 2014, Sprecher, Salomon von Bernegg, Diarium der Belagerung von Breslau; und Capitulations-Puncte von der Uebergabe an Se. Königl. Majestät in Preussen: Nebst einem Verzeichniß mit Nahmen, derer Generals, Staabs-Officiers und andern Officiers, dann vom Feldwebel an summariter derer Kayserl. Königl. Trouppen, so den 21ten December .... Berlin, 1758. Tucker, Spencer, Battles that Changed History: an Encyclopedia of World Conflict. ABC-CLIO, 2010. Wanner, Kurt. Solomon von Sprecher, Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz,10 January 2013 version. Breslau Breslau Breslau