he became familiar with the French military from the inside. In 1953 he went to Vietnam, where he did research for his doctoral dissertation on the revolutionary insurgents. It was published as The Vietminh Regime (1956). He wrote hundreds of articles and seven books, including Communist subversion in the SEATO area (1960), Le Viet Minh 1945-1960 (1960), The Two Vietnams. A political and military analysis (1963), Hell in a Very Small Place. The siege of Dien Bien Phu (1966), Vietnam Witness (1966), in addition to his 1961 Street without Joy.< As a journalist he wrote pieces about Vietnam, e.g., for The Nation, The New Republic, Ramparts, The New York Times, The Washington Post. In the late 1950s he taught for a U.S. government program in Indochina, and did fieldwork in South Vietnam for the administration reform sought by the Diem regime. He later fell out with both the USG and Diem. He'd become a professor at Howard University in Washington, and an informed critic, a recognized scholar, and an expert on Vietnam. He spoke critically of the war. Yet "endorsements from military men often made anti-war activists uncomfortable." Fall was killed in 1967. The Vietnam War (1955-1975), also called the Second Indochina War, had escalated. "After the American regular forces entered the war, Fall went to South Vietnam every year, often going out on operations with American troops." The geographic area called 'Street Without Joy' again became a stronghold and base area, this time for the Viet Cong, successors to the Viet Minh. There, "about 14 miles northwest of Huế" the author himself, recorder of many Vietnam tragedies, was killed by a land mine on 21 February 1967, "along a desolate stretch of seacoast known as the Street Without Joy." Notes References Bernard Fall, Street without Joy. Indochina at war, 1946-54 (Harrisburg: Stackpole Co. 1961, rev. ed. 1964; reprint Schocken, New York, 1972; reissue as Street without Joy by Stockpole Books, Mechanicsburg PA 1994). Bernard Fall, Viet-Nam Witness 1953-66 (1966). A collection of his articles. Spencer C. Tucker, editor, The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War. A political, social, and military history (Oxford University 2000). Marshall Andrews, "Foreword" (n.d.) to Street without Joy (1961, 1994). Bernard Fall, "Author's Preface" (1964) to Street without Joy (1994). George C. Herring, "Introduction" (1993) to Street without Joy (1994). F. W. Apple, Jr., "Bernard Fall Killed in Vietnam by a Mine while with the Marines,"