"enduring acceptance of state persecution." Their Chinese elements and Confucian undertones make them more acceptable than foreign hymnals to Chinese audiences. There is a strong emphasis on the communal aspects of the Christian church. Some hymns, such as "Chinese Heart" (134) and "The Chinese shall Rise" (180), are markedly patriotic. Canaan hymns also exhibit the "Three self principles" that are central to Chinese Protestantism, "self-governance, self-reliance, and self-propagation", often supplemented with a fourth one: "ingeniousness". These aspects make Canaan hymns compatible with government-sanctioned Christianity. Some have the air of work songs, and even contain mimicry of Cultural Revolution era propaganda songs. See also Chinese New Hymnal List of Chinese hymn books Political music in China Protestantism in China References Notes Works cited Further reading External links Protestantism in China Hymnals Chinese music Literature by women