in the women's high jump. She later competed and set a world record for the women's high jump at the 1938 European Championships. Raised as a girl, tests by the German police concluded that Ratjen was a man. Ratjen later took the name Heinrich Ratjen following an official registry change. Formal sex verification testing was controversially later introduced in sport. Time magazine later reported that Ratjen tearfully confessed that he had been forced by the Nazis to pose as a woman "for the sake of the honor and glory of Germany". Post World War II In the 21st century, legal cases by Christiane Völling and Michaela Raab, provide first and later examples of successful legal action against coercive intersex medical interventions. Also in this century, Germany introduced what may be the first form of third gender recognition in Europe, albeit controversially as a requirement for some intersex infants and otherwise not available. This was introduced as a measure to prevent early intersex medical interventions, but intersex civil society organizations fear that it will encourage such interventions, and there is no evidence of reductions in surgery numbers. Civil society organizations, including Intergeschlechtliche Menschen, OII Germany and Zwischengeschlecht, have submitted reports to Land, federal and international human rights institutions. In the spring of 1999, Heike Bödeker coined the term endosex, as an opposite or antonym for the term intersex. Physical integrity and bodily autonomy The organization Intersexuelle Menschen first submitted a Shadow Report to the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) in July 2008, detailing human rights violations in medical settings and failures to act in the best interests of the child. In 2010, the German Ethics Council was instructed to review the situation of intersex people in Germany following a demand by CEDAW to protect the human rights of intersex persons. A 2012 report by the German Ethics Council stated that, "Many people who were subjected to a 'normalizing' operation in their childhood have later felt it to have been a mutilation and would never have agreed to it as adults." Legislation was subsequently passed to assign infants who could not be determined as male or female to a de facto third classification. Research published by Ulrike Klöppel at the Humboldt University in December 2016 shows that, over the period 2005 to 2014, there were no significant trends in numbers of intersex medical