ships with their integral helicopters, shore-based aircraft, and submarines. Indian Air Force assets such as Jaguar and MiG-29 aircraft were also seen in action. It was witnessed by then Air Marshal K D Singh (AOC in C, South Western Air Command), then Vice Admiral J S Bedi (FOC in C, Western Naval Command) and then Lieutenant General Pradeep Khanna (GOC in C, Southern Command). TROPEX 2010 TROPEX 2010 was conducted from 7 February to mid-March 2010 off the Eastern seaboard of India. Major surface combatants, including the aircraft carrier, INS Viraat, airborne early warning (AEW) helicopters, UAVs from the Indian Navy's Western and Eastern Naval Command along with assets from the Indian Air Force, including Su-30MKI, and Jaguars. The Indian Coast Guard also took part in the exercise. It included a mock battle to test the tactical skills and operational readiness of the armed forces. It was witnessed by then Admiral Nirmal Verma (Chief of the Naval Staff) and then Defence Secretary Pradeep Kumar from aboard INS Viraat. It also included missile, torpedo and gun firings exercises. "Overall, the exercise is intended to thoroughly test the human and material endurance of the Navy, the efficacy of its operational and logistics plans and its combat effectiveness," said a press release issued by Ministry of Defence. TROPEX 2011 TROPEX 2011 was conducted in February 2011 on the Western seaboard and involved units of the Indian Navy, Army and Air Force. It was carried out in three phases: independent workup phase, joint workup phase and tactical phase. During the exercise, the navy pulled out its largest amphibious warship INS Jalashwa, which was then ordered to proceed to Libya to evacuate its nationals, who were fleeing from the Libyan Civil War. TROPEX 2012 TROPEX 2012 was conducted from the end of January to early March 2012 on the Eastern Seaboard. Over forty ships, including INS Viraat and , submarines, along with large number of aircraft, including the Sea Harrier, and unmanned aerial vehicles from the Indian Navy's Western and Eastern Naval Command, and elements from the Indian Air Force, participated in the exercise. Indian Air Force assets included a variety of aircraft such as Su-30MKI, Jaguars, Mirages and Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS). It was witnessed by then Admiral Nirmal Verma (Chief of Naval Staff), then Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Eastern Naval Command Vice Admiral AK Chopra, and then defence minister A.K. Antony. TROPEX