Atmaram Pandurang or Atmaram Pandurang Turkhadekar (or just Turkhad in English publications) (1823 – 26 April 1898) was an Indian physician and social reformer who founded the Prarthana Samaj and was one of the two Indian co-founders (the other being Sakharam Arjun) of the Bombay Natural History Society. A graduate of Grant Medical College, he was a brother of Dadoba Pandurang (9 May 1814 – 17 October 1882), a scholar of Sanskrit and Marathi. Atmaram Pandurang served briefly as sheriff of Bombay in 1879. Atmaram was born to Pandurang Yeshwant and Yashodabai. He went to the Elphinstone Institution (along with fellow student Dadabhai Naoroji) where he studied mathematics under Bal Gangadhar Shastri Jambhekar (1812-1846). He then joined the newly opened Grant Medical College and was in the first batch of students that included Dr Bhau Daji Lad and joined on 1 November 1845.With a diploma, he worked in Bhiwandi, running a smallpox vaccination campaign. He later helped frame Article 14 of the Contagious Diseases Act (1868). He was present in the famous Maharaj Libel Case where he deposed as a witness to present evidence that the plaintiff suffered from venereal disease. Atmaram Pandurang was a theistic reformer who opposed many Hindu traditions including child marriage. He believed and openly supported the idea that the minimum age for marriage of girls should be twenty, to the disapproval of contemporary conservative Hindu society. The Prarthana Samaj was founded at his home on 31 March 1867 and was influenced by Keshab Chunder Sen. Among the objects of the society at the time of its founding were to openly denounce the caste system, introduce widow-remarriage, encourage female education and abolish child-marriage. He was a Fellow of Bombay University and helped found the Bhandarkar free library. He was selected Sheriff of Bombay in 1879. He died from a lung infection after visiting Lonavala. He was described in obituaries as a "mild Hindu" who held "very advanced views, too much so for the peace of mind of some of his colleagues." His wife Radhabai survived him. Pandurang belonged to a highly educated and influential family and his circle of acquaintances included reformists from across the country. When Rabindranath Tagore intended to visit England in 1878, he stayed for a time in their Bombay home and sought to improve his English with the assistance of Pandurang's second daughter Annapurna or Ana. It is believed that the two