the twentieth century, by both native and non-native scholars. By 2014, there were about 57 versions available in English, of which at least 30 were complete. Comparison The following table illustrates two different facets of a subject depicted by two Kural couplets from the same chapter and their different interpretations by various translators. Less-known translations The Kural has also been translated numerous times without getting published or reaching the masses. Sri Aurobindo, for instance, has translated fifteen couplets of the Kural, including all the ten couplets from the opening chapter (in a different order from the original) and five from the second chapter, in 1919 as part of his translations of various other ancient works. See also Tirukkural translations List of Tirukkural translations by language List of translators into English References Published translations Pope, G. U. (1886). The Sacred Kurral of Tiruvalluva Nayanar (with Latin Translation By Fr. Beschi) (Original in Tamil with English and Latin Translations). New Delhi: Asian Educational Services, pp. i–xxviii, 408 Satguru Sivaya Subramuniyaswami. (1979). Tirukkural: The American English and Modern Tamil Translations of an Ethical Masterpiece. . Available from http://www.redlotusworld.org/resources/Tirukkural.pdf Padmanabhan, V. (2003). Thirukkural with English Explanation. Chennai: Manimekalai Prasuram, 280 pp. Murugan, V. (2009). Thirukkural in English. Chennai: Arivu Pathippagam, xiv + 272 pp. Guruparan, S. P. (2014). Thirukkural: English Translation. Chennai: Mayilavan Padhippagam, 416 pp. Venkatachalam, R. (2015). Thirukkural—Translation—Explanation: A Life Skills Coaching Approach. Gurgaon, India: Partridge Publishing India, 689 pp. . Further reading Srirama Desikan, S. N. (1961). Tiruvalluvar's Tirukkural in Sanskrit slokas. Prabha Press. 77 pp. Manavalan, A. A. (2010). A Compendium of Tirukkural Translations in English (4 vols.). Chennai: Central Institute of Classical Tamil, . External links Tirukkural in Tamil and English—Valaitamil.com G. U. Pope's English Translation of the Tirukkural https://www.facebook.com/Tirukkural.in.6.languages/ English Tirukkural Translation-related lists