if they violate the terms and conditions of a platform. For example, the use of a pseudonym on Facebook, or the creation of fake account, would be punishable by up to one year's imprisonment. Italy In early 2018, the Italian Communications Agency AGCOM published a set of guidelines on its website, targeting the elections in March that same year. The six main topics are: Political Subjects’s Equal Treatment Political Propaganda’s Transparency Contents Illicit and Activities Whose Dissemination Is Forbidden (i.e. Polls) Social Media Accounts of Public Administrations Political Propaganda is Forbidden on Election Day and Day Before Recommendations for stronger fact-checking services France In November 2018, a law against the manipulation of information was passed in France. The law stipulates that during campaign periods: Digital platforms must disclose the amount paid for ads and the names of their authors. Past a certain traffic threshold, platforms are required to have a representative present in France, and must publish the algorithms used. An interim judge may pass a legal injunction to halt the spread of fake news swiftly. 'Fake news' must satisfy the following: (a)it must be manifest; (b) it must be disseminated on a massive scale; and (c) lead to a disturbance of the peace or compromise the outcome of an election. Malaysia In April 2018, the Malaysian parliament passed the Anti-Fake News Act. It defined fake news as 'news, information, data and reports which is or are wholly or partly false.' This applied to citizens or those working at a digital publication, and imprisonment of up to 6 years was possible. However, the law was repealed after heavy criticism in August 2018. Kenya In May 2018, President Uhuru Kenyatta signed into law the Computer and Cybercrimes bill, that criminalised cybercrimes including cyberbullying and cyberespionage. If a person “intentionally publishes false, misleading or fictitious data or misinforms with intent that the data shall be considered or acted upon as authentic,” they are subject to fines and up to two years imprisonment. Research German chancellor Angela Merkel has issued the Bundestag to deal with the possibilities of political manipulation by social bots or fake news. See also Sources References External links How technology is changing the way we think, Daniel Suarez talk on YouTube How "Bots" Control Your Life, Daniel Suarez talk on YouTube WP:PROMO Make Putin pout with this creepy face-tracking tech, facial expression manipulation Deception