and at least 86 more are known to be on death row at the time, although the actual figure may be higher. The reasons for which juvenile offenders were subject to the death penalty have mainly been murder and rape but “enmity against God” (moharebeh), theft and crimes related to drugs have also figured among the reasons for juvenile capital punishment. A recent tendency regarding capital punishment in the Islamic Republic of Iran is that of detaining the offenders until they turn eighteen and only execute them at that time. However, there is no legal obligation according to which executions should be postponed until the offender has reached the age of eighteen. The updated version of the Islamic Penal Code of 2013 includes that youth between fifteen and eighteen who have committed crimes punishable with ta'zir will be exempt from execution. They will be subject to the detention of various durations, or fines of various values, depending on the seriousness of the offenses. However, when the crime committed is categorized under hudud and qisas, offenders under the age of eighteen execution are considered legally legitimate. Even in the case of hudud and qisas, when offenders under eighteen are thought not to have recognized the gravity of the crime, Article 91 of the Iranian Penal Code might be applied, and the offender might be exempt from death penalty. Hanging is the most common form of capital punishment in Iran, and it is either carried out in prisons or publicly in squares. The practice of stoning has been limited in the revised version of the Iranian Penal Code (2013). However, the new version of the Penal Code retains the use of stoning as a hadd punishment. The Article 225 states that “the hadd punishment for zina of a man and a woman who meet the conditions of ihsan shall be stoning to death”. In spite of the fact that the UN has condemned executions as a criminal punishment in Iran and has stressed the gravity of carrying out executions publicly, the perpetration of this practice in Iran has been reported. On 21 February 2019, a group of United Nations human rights experts called on the Iranian regime to halt the imminent execution of Mohammad Kalhory, who was 15 when he committed the crime. Civil and political rights Gender discrimination Article 20 of the Iranian constitution guarantees the equal protection of the law