as Bombus impatiens. Inbreeding reduces flower quantity and size and pollen quality and quantity. E. guttata also displays a high degree of self-pollination. Erythranthe nasuta evolved from E. guttata in central California between 200,000 and 500,000 years ago and since then has become primarily a self-pollinator. Distribution and habitat Over 80% of Erythranthe species are found in western North America, especially California, Oregon, and Washington. Genus members are also found in Baja California, Alaska, British Columbia, Nevada, Utah, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, and to a lesser extent the midwestern states, northeastern states, Canada, and Latin America. Members of this genus are found in eastern Asia; several species of which have a high degree of similarity with some of the species found in North and South America. A large number of the species grow in moist to wet soils with some growing even in shallow water. They are not very drought resistant, but the species now classified as Diplacus are. Some species grow in dry areas, others in wet habitats, such as members of the section Simiolus, which are hydrophilic. Both overall plant size and corolla size vary greatly throughout the genus. A minimum of 25 of the species are listed as threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Species are found at elevations from oceanside to high mountains as well as a wide variety of climates, though most prefer wet areas such as riverbanks. Pests and diseases Diplacus, Erythranthe, and Mimulus are subject to a very similar set of pests and diseases. The pests these genera are susceptible to include: gall midges, golden mealybugs, thrips, and seed bugs. Diseases they are susceptible to include: crown gall, aster yellows phytoplasma, impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV), leaf spots, powdery mildew — especially Erysiphe brunneopunctata and Erysiphe cichoracearum, botrytis blight, pythium root rot, rusts, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), as well as mineral and nutrient deficiencies. Human culture Horticulture In horticulture, several species, cultivars and hybrids are used. Because of their wide range and many variations, the most important are those derived from E. gutatta and E. lutea. E. cuprea alone has at least 10 cultivars and hybrids. Culinary uses Erythranthe species tend to concentrate sodium chloride and other salts absorbed from the soils in which they grow in their leaves and stem tissues. Native Americans and early travelers in the American West used this plant as a salt