information about the treatment of OPD. The pharmacological approach is the most common therapy among patients with OPD. However, the choice of drug therapy relies on the seriousness of patient's situation and what symptoms are shown. The choice and administration of specific drugs contribute to the reduction of symptoms of OPD. For this reason, it is crucial for patients' treatment to be assessed by clinical psychologists and psychiatrists before the administration of drugs. The dysfunctions in expression of behaviour of patients with OPD and the development of symptom of irritability, which are caused by aggressive and self-injurious behaviours, can be dealt with the administration of carbamazepine. Moreover, the symptoms of this disorder can be decreased by the administration of valproic acid. Also, emotional irritability and signs of depression can be dealt with the use of nortriptyline and low-dose thioridazine. Except from the symptom of irritability, patients express aggressive behaviours. For effective treatment of anger and aggression, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, benztropine and haloperidol may be used. In addition, the use of propranolol may decrease the frequent behaviours of rage attacks. It is important for patients to take part in psychotherapy during drug therapy. In this way, many of the adverse effects of the medications, both physiological and behavioural, can be lessened or avoided entirely. Clinicians can provide useful and helpful support to patients during these psychotherapy sessions. See also Organic mental disorder References Mental disorders due to brain damage Personality disorders