which at various points in history were all one island or separate islands Walcheren: formerly a separate island, around Middelburg Gau Wangerland: on the North Sea, east of East Frisia (Frisian) Westergau or Westergoa: western Friesland : northern North Holland, largely coterminous with West Friesland Wiron: municipalities of Wieringen and Wieringermeer in northern North Holland, former island with some territory submerged in the Wadden Sea; possibly part of Texla : coastal Lower Saxony north of Bremerhaven Lotharingia Lower Lotharingia Aachengau or Pagus Aquensis: around Aachen Ahrgau: on the Ahr in the north of Rhineland-Palatinate : along the Ardennes Forest, at the tripoint of Germany, Belgium and Luxembourg : around the Siebengebirge and along the Sieg, east of Bonn Betuwe or Batavia: along the middle Waal, between the lower Meuse () and Lek : around Bonn, on the left bank of the Lower Rhine Pagus of Brabant: between the Scheldt and Dyle, western Flemish Brabant and southwestern East Flanders Cambresis or Kamerijkgouw: at the headlands of the Scheldt river, around Cambrai Condroz: south of the Meuse, east of Namur : along the lower Wupper on the right bank of the Lower Rhine, east of Cologne : on the Lower Rhine, roughly between Cleves and Xanten Eifelgau: in northern Eifel or Gellepgau: on left bank of the Lower Rhine, north of Neuss and across from Duisburg; often confused with Gillgau and/or shown on the right bank of the Rhine (Ruhrgau); named after the Roman castra : on the left bank of the Lower Rhine, northwest of Cologne Hamaland: eastern Gelderland, partly coterminous with the Achterhoek Pagus of Hesbaye or Haspengouw: between Liège, Maastricht, Diest and Grand-Leez; north and west of the bend in the Meuse or Hettergau: along the Niers, including Gennep and Geldern Hennegau or Hainau: along the upper Sambre Iselgo: along the western shore of the IJssel, between the Oude IJssel and Schipbeek, southeastern Gelderland : along the middle Rur, around Jülich : on the left bank of the Lower Rhine, around Cologne Kützgau: along the Erft; only one documented mention in the year 898 Liemers: between the Nederrijn and Oude IJssel rivers, east of Arnhem Lommegau or Lommatschgau: on the left bank of the Meuse, along the lower Sambre Luihgau or Liugas: between Liège and Aachen Maasgau: along part of the Meuse () north of Maastricht : between the Maas and Niers or Neusser Gau: along the lower Erft,