an ISIL subordinate. In March 2014, however, the rest of Liwa Owais al-Qorani's prisoners managed to break out of their prison. This led to severe tensions between the brigade and ISIL, and the latter eventually decided to forcibly disband Liwa Owais al-Qorani. The group's members were imprisoned or executed, while Owais al-Qorani's shrine in Raqqa was destroyed by the Islamic State. Some months later, several members of Liwa Owais al-Qorani's jailed leadership managed to escape ISIL custody and fled to Turkey; two years later, in late 2016, these survivors returned to Syria, joining the Syrian Democratic Forces to help them push ISIL out of al-Thawrah. Around 60 former fighters of Liwa Owais al-Qorani who joined al-Qaeda's al-Nusra Front fled to Germany in late 2014. In September 2017, the federal prosecutor of Germany accused them 25 of them of being members of a terrorist organization and committing war crimes after a mass grave of 36 policemen, administrative assistants, and government militia commanders who were massacred by Liwa Owais al-Qorani was uncovered in Tabqa. Notes References Bibliography Anti-ISIL factions in Syria Syrian Democratic Forces Anti-government factions of the Syrian civil war Islamism in Syria Military units and formations established in 2012 2012 establishments in Syria