Is it Necessary or Justifiable? won an RSPCA prize. It was republished as Vivisection: A Prize Essay in 1871 by the Woman's branch of the Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Fleming's essay was translated into German and was influential to anti-vivisectionists in Europe. It inspired Elpis Melena to write an anti-vivisection novel. Works While Fleming was in China he made an expedition beyond the Great Wall, which he described in Travels on Horseback in Manchu Tartary (1865). He was a voluminous writer, contributing to professional journals and general reviews. His published works included: Vivisection: Is it Necessary or Justifiable? 1866. Horse-Shoes and Horse-Shoeing, 1869. Vivisection: A Prize Essay, 1871. Animal Plagues: their History, Nature, and Prevention, vol. i. 1871; vol. ii. 1882. Practical Horse-Shoeing, 1872; 10th edit. 1900. Rabies and Hydrophobia, 1872. A Manual of Veterinary Sanitary Science and Policy, 2 vols. 1875. Vivisection and the Diseases of Animals, 1882. The Influence of Heredity and Contagion in the Propagation of Tuberculosis, 1883. Operative Veterinary Surgery, vol. i. 1884. The Practical Horse-Keeper, 1886. A Text Book of Veterinary Obstetrics, 1878; 2nd edit. 1896. He translated from the French Auguste Chauveau's Comparative Anatomy of the Domesticated Animals (1873; 2nd edit. 1891), and from Louis Georges Neumann's Parasites and Parasitical Diseases of the Domesticated Animals (1892; 2nd edit. 1905). Family Fleming was three times married: to Alice, daughter of J. Peake of Atherstone in 1863; to Susan, daughter of W. Solomon of Upchurch, Kent, in 1878; to Anna, daughter of Colonel R. D. Pennefather of Kilbracken, co. Leitrim, who survived him and afterwards remarried. Notes Attribution 1833 births 1901 deaths 19th-century British translators Alumni of the University of Edinburgh Animal welfare workers Anti-vivisectionists Companions of the Order of the Bath People in health professions from Glasgow Scottish animal welfare scholars Scottish non-fiction writers Scottish translators Scottish travel writers Scottish veterinarians Translators from French Translators from German Writers from Glasgow