in bacterial trans-encoded sRNA, which demonstrate only partial complementarity to the target RNA. These sRNA function to modulate base-pair interactions and translation by directly targeting the mRNA, thereby affecting its stability. Anti-sRNAs are able to interact with other sRNAs by targeting either the region involved in targeting the mRNA, or it can bind to another corresponding region along the sRNA. This has further been characterized in gene circuits that are sRNA-controlled and regulate aspects of bacterial pathogenesis. Antisense small RNA can also be engineered and utilized by scientists to perform experimental functions. In synthetic biology, employing non-coding RNA such as antisense small RNA has advantages for creating regulatory architecture within engineering systems, provided the ability to predict function using the strand sequence. In experiments, engineered riboregulators, which are specific RNA that respond to signal RNA through complementary base pairing utilizing anti-small RNA, have been found to be capable of activating independent gene expression. Development of RNA array-based interaction assays that allow for screening in vitro have further advanced platforms targeting gene expression with antisense small RNAs. RNA-array based interaction assays screen for synthetic antisense small RNA interactions in vitro, through a surface-capture technique. An array of immobilized double-stranded DNA template for antisense small RNA sits opposite to an RNA-capture surface composed of possible antisense small RNA targets, separated by a solution of transcription reagents. Captured RNA are visualized using fluorescent staining, which can indicate whether a prospective antisense small RNA has been bound to its target. Anti-bacterial targeting of V. cholerae occurs through the promotion of gene expression patterns that liberate bacteria from its host. This has been achieved by utilizing antisense small RNAs designed through the RNA array pipeline, opening the possibilities for future antimicrobial or therapeutic applications. Examples AsxR AsxR, previously known as EcOnc02, is an anti-sRNA encoded within the 3' region of the stx2B gene of E.Coli bacteria. It acts to increase expression of the ChuS heme oxygenase via destabilisation of FnrS sRNA. This aids bacterial infection of the animal host gut. AgvB AgvB, previously known as EcOnc01, inhibits GcvB sRNA repression. Pathogenicity island associated AgvB aids enterohemorrhagic E. coli growth at the colonized site within the host animal. This bacterial growth often manifests into an increased risk of developing other conditions such as hemolytic uremic syndrome. RosA RosA, has been found to inhibit two sRNAs (RoxS and FsrA). Inhibition of RoxS by RosA plays a role