The International Board for Research into Aircraft Crash Events (IBRACE) was founded on 21 November 2016 by a group of subject-matter experts in aviation (cabin safety and accident/incident investigation), engineering (sled-impact testing, aerospace materials, lightweight advanced-composite structures, and air transport safety and investigation), clinical medicine (specifically, orthopaedic trauma surgery and anaesthesia), and human factors. These experts are associated with organizations that include the Civil Aerospace Medical Institute, USA (CAMI); Cranfield University, England; GRM Consulting Ltd., England; Spire Liverpool Hospital, England; TÜV Rheinland, Germany; the University of Calgary, Canada; the University of Nottingham, England; and Wonkwang University, Korea. IBRACE is a joint cooperation between these experts for the purpose of producing an internationally agreed, evidence-based set of impact bracing positions for passengers and (eventually) cabin crew members in a variety of seating configurations, which will be submitted to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) through its Cabin Safety Group (ICSG). Background In the early 1990s, following the UK Kegworth air disaster (8 January 1989 ), a research project was undertaken by a group of surgeons, air accident investigators and pathologists to analyse the injury profile of the passengers and crew on board the aircraft. This project led to the first research-based definition of the passenger's brace position. In 2007, the German Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs recommended a brace position for forward-facing passenger seats, which differed in some important respects from other contemporary research-based recommendations: this was based on a dummy test run first reported in 1995. In 2010, at least two international aviation transportation agencies issued a number of recommendations of different passenger brace positions. These agencies included Transport Canada, in its Advisory Circular on Passenger and Flight Attendant Brace Positions (2010), and the US Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration FAA, in its Advisory Circular on Passenger Safety Information Briefing and Briefing Cards (2010). In 2015, the Office of Aerospace Medicine, Department of Transport, FAA, released the results of its own study, Effect of Passenger Position on Crash Injury Risk in Transport-Category Aircraft. As with the German Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs report, this latest FAA study differed in some important respects from other research-based recommendations. In 2015, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) began to develop guidance material on information and instructions for passenger safety, which includes a review of brace positions. This review was carried out with the goal of developing