Erythranthe exigua (A.Gray) G.L.Nesom & N.S.Fraga – San Bernardino Mountains monkey-flower (southern California, Baja California) Erythranthe sect. Sinopitheca Erythranthe bracteosa (P.C.Tsoong) G.L.Nesom – (Asia) Erythranthe bridgesii (Benth.) G.L.Nesom – (South America) Erythranthe platyphylla (Franch.) G.L.Nesom – (Asia) Erythranthe sessilifolia (Maxim.) G.L.Nesom – (Asia) Erythranthe tibetica (P.C.Tsoong & H.P.Yang) G.L.Nesom – (Asia) Erythranthe sect. Mimulasia Erythranthe dentata (Nutt. ex Benth.) G.L.Nesom – toothleaf monkey-flower, coastal monkey-flower (British Columbia to northern California) Erythranthe orizabae (Benth.) G.L.Nesom – (Mexico) Erythranthe bhutanica (Yamazaki) G.L.Nesom – (Asia) Erythranthe bodinieri (Vaniot) G.L.Nesom – (Asia) Erythranthe inflata (Miq.) G.L.Nesom – (Asia) Erythranthe karakormiana (Yamazaki) G.L.Nesom – (Asia) Erythranthe nepalensis (Benth.) G.L.Nesom – (Asia) Erythranthe procera (A.L.Grant) G.L.Nesom – (Asia) Erythranthe sinoalba G.L.Nesom – (Asia) Erythranthe szechuanensis (Pai) G.L.Nesom – (Asia) Erythranthe tenella (Bunge) G.L.Nesom – (Asia) Reproductive biology Before recognition of E. cinnabarina as a species, E. lewisii was interpreted to be the sister of E. cardinalis. It is now clear that E. cinnabarina and E. cardinalis are sister species and that E. lewisii and E. erubescens are sister species. In the hypothesized phylogeny, the 'cinnabarina/cardinalis' pair is sister to the 'lewisii/erubescens' pair. Erythranthe lewisii is a model system for studying pollinator-based reproductive isolation. E. lewisii is pollinated by bees, primarily Bombus and Osmia, which feed on its nectar and transfer its pollen. Although it is fully interfertile with its sister species E. cardinalis, the two do not interbreed in the wild, a difference ascribed primarily to pollinator differences; E. cardinalis is pollinated by hummingbirds, especially Calypte anna and Selasphorus rufus. It was previously reported that evidence strongly linking pollination preference to color differences between the species, but this has been disproven. E. erubescens is mostly pollinated by Bombus balteatus, B. centralis, B. flavifrons, and B. vosnesenskii. Erythranthe parishii is also closely related to E. lewisii, but it has evolved in a different direction as a self-pollinated species with small flowers. E. eastwoodiae, E. nelsonii, E. rupestris, and E. verbenacea are also pollinated by hummingbirds. These four species as well as E. cardinalis and E. nelsonii produce bisexual flowers and are self-compatible. This approximate ratio of insect vs hummingbird pollination holds true for the rest of the genus. There have been two separate transformations to hummingbird pollination. Pollination changes are highly affected by changes in flower morphology. E. cardinalis and its sister species E. cinnabarina likely evolved via allopatric speciation. Erythranthe guttata is pollinated by bees, such