gang rapes. It also blamed the civilian government for helping the military by destroying documents implicating the Tatmadaw, allowing hate speech and not protecting civilians from human rights abuses. The generals named by the report for orchestrating the genocide included Myanmar's commander-in-chief Min Aung Hlaing, deputy Commander-in-Chief Soe Win, Lt. Gen. Aung Kyaw Zaw, Major General Maung Maung Soe, and Brigadier-General Than Oo. It also accused ARSA of committing human right abuses. The UN stated in April 2019 that both the military and the Arakan Army were committing abuses upon civilians since the start of their conflict. Myanmar appointed a panel to investigate the alleged abuses in July 2018. It consisted of two non-Burmese members – Rosario Manalo, Kenzo Oshima, as well as two Burmese members – Aung Tun Thet and the lawyer Mya Thein. It submitted a report to the government on 20 January 2020 and stated that though war crimes as well as abuses had taken place, there was no evidence that the military tried to commit a genocide of the Rohingyas. In addition, it stated that nearly 1,000 people were killed during the clashes and the Tatmadaw committed massacres in four villages. The National Unity Government of Myanmar, formed in opposition to the State Administration Council military junta which seized power during the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état, recognized that the military had been involved in mass killings and sexual violence against the Rohingya on 24 August 2021, calling for justice to be delivered to victims. Killings of civilians The Burmese government and Rohingya advocates have both accused the other side of killing civilians. Advocates for the Rohingyas have claimed that many civilians have died in military attacks on villages. The government has accused ARSA of killing civilians, including Hindus and Muslims, some of whom were suspected by ARSA of being government informants. ARSA in a statement has dismissed government allegations against it as baseless, seeking to present its cause as a defence of Rohingya rights. Bangladesh's Foreign Minister Abul Hassan Mahmud Ali has stated that Myanmar's security forces have killed over 3,000 Rohingyas during the 2017 clashes. Myanmar officials meanwhile have stated that 163 people have been killed and 91 have gone missing in ARSA attacks since 2016. A Médecins Sans Frontières survey published in December 2017 reported that 6,700 Rohingyas had been killed by shooting and other violence between 25 August and 24 September. The report