in the training for a "future guerrilla operation" that included "target practice" sessions on Long Island. Considering himself a "Fidelista" ever since the Cuban Revolution, Luce helped to organize the 1963 and 1964 illegal student trips to Communist Cuba where they met the top Cuban leaders, along with the Chinese Communist and Albanian delegation. As a result of their 1963 trip, 10 students and Luce were served subpoenas at the Idlewild Airport to testify before the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) on September 12 and 13, 1963. Describing the mood of the subpoenaed students at the hearing, Luce wrote: "We literally swaggered into the hearing room, determined to give the Committee a bad time." His trips to Cuba in defiance of State Department policies banning such travel led to his indictment in the District Court of the Eastern District of New York under Judge Zavatt, who ruled on April 15, 1966 that Luce "held a valid passport" and had "committed no crime." In 1967 the U.S. Supreme Court decided to review the lower court decision, which ruled under Justice Fortas that Luce or any other U.S. citizen travelling to Castro’s Cuba could not "violate a nonexistent criminal prohibition," thus affirming the District Court decision. Break with the Progressive Labor Movement Luce broke with the Progressive Labor Movement in 1965 over its rigid structure and harsh discipline, coming to the realization that they weren’t talking about liberty for anyone, and that the PLM leaders were instead saying: "We want power so that we can control the country ourselves!" He made his defection publicly known by May 1965 in a Saturday Evening Post article entitled "Why I Quit the Extreme Left". In his 1966 book The New Left, Luce gave other reasons for leaving the PLM, disclosing that he refused to "be a part of a movement based on deceit and illegal activities" and that he could no long associate with "people desirous of destroying individual initiative, character, and the future of the membership." In a 1967 Reader’s Digest article, Luce confessed that "I defected not because I was reconciled to the injustices of American society as I saw them, but because I realized that Communism would bring infinitely worse justice." Determined not only to disavow his previous association with Communists and New Left radicals, Luce continued to be politically active, challenging his former comrades in their own domain by participating