word has a cognate root in Aramaic with the assigned meaning "to fear, shudder, tremble". It is attested in 1QH 4:33, meaning “trembling” and used as a synonym with , raʿad, "quaking", which appears in Mishnaic Hebrew for the meaning "trembling", as also reflected in the Greek recensions of Aquila, Symmachus, and Theodotion, as well as Jerome’s Latin Vulgate. The word , re-ṭeṭ, in , meaning "fear", is similar in both sense and sound. The Greek Septuagint renders the word as , dikaiomata, to read: "According to the word of Ephraim, be adopted ordinances for himself in Israel," that is, "when Ephraim spoke, the rest of the Israelites assented to his ordinances and rights, reverencing his authority". "Exalted": from Hebrew , nasaʾ (Qal perfect third person masculine singular, following Masoretic Text), "lifted up," that is, his head, as in "exalted himself". Usually the Hithphil form that is used for this sense, but the Qal form is also used (cf. Psalm 89:10; Nahum 1:5). The Septuagint and Syriac reflect a vocalization tradition of , nisaʾ (Niphal perfect third person masculine singular), "he was exalted". "Offended in Baal": that is, "in respect to Baal, by worshipping him" (), such as under Ahab, so at this climax of guilt, Ephraim "died" (cf. Romans 7:9). Adam was to die in the day of his sin, although this was not visibly executed until later (Genesis 2:17; 5:5), and Israel is similarly represented as politically dead in Ezekiel 37:1-28. Ephraim's glory vanished because of idolatry. Verse 4 But I am the Lord your God from the land of Egypt; you know no God but me, and besides me there is no savior. "No God but Me": As in the song of Moses, God says, "See now that I, I am He, and there is no God with Me:..." (Deuteronomy 32:39). Isaiah repeats this same, "Is there a God besides Me? yea there is no God; I know not any" Isaiah 44:8; and "There is no God else besides Me, a just God and a Saviour; there is none else. Look unto Me and be ye saved, for I am God and there is none else" Isaiah 45:21, Isaiah 45:2; and, "I am the Lord, that is My Name; and My glory will I not give to another; neither My praise to graven images" Isaiah 42:8. : "That God and Saviour is Christ; God, because He created;