The Jeju horse (제주마, Jejuma) is a horse breed native to the Jeju Island in South Korea. There is a diverse array of types, each differently identified depending on their coat color. Jeju horses mature well in harsh conditions due to their strength and fitness. With an outstanding tolerance of low temperatures, they have been mostly pastured without the need for horse blankets or stables. Jeju horses were once considered to be endangered. Following the nation’s industrialization period of the 1960s, Jeju horses became impractical to use with the distribution of new agricultural machinery and developments in means of transportation. In response, the Government of the Republic of Korea designated the Jeju horse as Natural Monument No. 347 in 1986, as a way to preserve and manage approximately 150 of the remaining Jeju horses as state-designated cultural properties. In 2000, the Jeju Stockbreeding Promotion Institute was appointed by the national government to register and manage the pedigrees of the Jeju horses owned by local farming households. Since then, a total of 2,080 Jeju horses have been registered with the institute for their pedigrees. Breed characteristics The Jeju horse is a small to medium-sized breed with a large head and a thick neck. It has a block-shaped body with a relatively long torso compared to its heights measured from the ground to withers or from the ground to its hip. They were traditionally used as farm and draft horses because of their remarkable stamina and endurance, while current breeds are utilized for racing and riding. With firm and thick hooves, they run without the need for horseshoes. Stallions range from , while mares usually stand between The typical lengths of both genders lie between and, on average, they weigh . Coat colors The Jeju horse exhibits a range of colors, which determine the names of the types, along with the characteristics of each body part. The coat color also forms a standard to distinguish each type. Garama (가라마, black): The entire coat color is black. Jeokdama (적다마, chestnut): The entire coat color is light brown or copper. Wallama (월라마, pinto): The basic coat color is white with black or bay spots. Yuma (유마, bay): The overall coat color is chestnut or brown, while the color of mane, tail, and lower legs is black. Chongma (총마, gray): The entire coat color is white but may have some bay, chestnut, and black sprinkled