the only Carlist. In 1886 Cerralbo headed a makeshift Junta co-coordinating the Carlist electoral effort, though structures of the movement were increasingly paralyzed by conflict until the Nocedalistas were expelled in 1888. The same year Carlos VII decided to counter their El Siglo Futuro by ordering de Cerralbo to create the official Carlist daily El Correo Español, which commenced his lifelong friendship with Juan Vázquez de Mella. De Cerralbo engaged in many other Carlist cultural initiatives. As royal representative he travelled across Spain in 1889-1890, a novelty in terms of mass mobilization; during some of these visits he was assaulted by the Republicans. Eventually, following other royal favors, in 1890 Cerralbo was nominated Jefe Delegado, receiving the claimant's political carte blanche. First tenure Cerralbo's leadership was marked by conciliatory course towards political groupings of the Right, with intransigence reserved only for the Integrists, labeled traitors and rebels. He shifted focus from conspiracy to parliamentary activity, though the results obtained in elections of 1891 and 1893 were rather poor. Apparently aware of the forthcoming mass culture age, he worked to develop the Carlist propaganda machinery, introducing first attempts to co-ordinate the Carlist press, but including also a network of libraries and publishing houses, combined with other means of public activity like lectures, feasts, erecting monuments, setting up prizes and creating honorary member lists. A novelty in his propaganda was the systematic usage of images, as he arranged for portraits and photographs of Carlist leaders (including himself) to be printed in countless editions. He also tried to build economic foundations of the movement, issuing shares of various Carlist-controlled institutions. Perhaps the most important of de Cerralbo's achievements was building a nationwide Carlist organization, which transformed the movement from a 19th-century “party” of loosely organized leaders with their local following into a formal institutionalized structure. During his tenure there were some 2000 juntas and 300 circulos created. Though some of them existed only on paper and the organization was limited chiefly to Northern and Eastern Spain, Carlism became the most modern political party of the time, as two major partidos de turno remained rather electoral alliances, dormant between the polling periods. The transformation of Traditionalism under de Cerralbo led many to label the movement “carlismo nuevo”. De Cerralbo, though not an ideologue himself, presided over the works on Acta de Loredán, the Carlist doctrinal statement released early 1897. The document confirmed the ultraconservative