or is a title in Ottoman Empire hierarchy. Depending on the suffix or prefix it had different meanings. The English language translation of the word is a treasurer. Treasurer The chief headed the personnel of the sultan's treasury. s subordinated to the chief had a title of . Kalfa is Turkish for 'apprentice'. was the title of the chief eunuch treasurer. Lord (housemistress) of the sultan's palace and harem The high or first or was a title for the housemistress of the sultan's palace, the most influential person after the prince. There were other s in the Ottoman hierarchy (the second, third...) who were subordinated to the first , hence referred to as ('superintendent'). Only the first could approach the sultan and other nobility, while the second, third and other s served the first . References Ottoman titles Civil servants from the Ottoman Empire