Lees, Sarah. Nineteenth-century European Paintings at the Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute, pp. 367-371. MacKenzie, John. Orientalism: History, Theory and the Arts, p. 46. Nochlin, Linda. "The Imaginary Orient" in The Nineteenth Century Visual Culture Reader, edited by Schwartz and Przyblyski, p. 289. Roberts, Mary. "Gérôme in Istanbul" in Reconsidering Gérôme, edited by Scott Allan and Mary Morton, Getty Museum, 2010, p. 119. Warraq, Ibn. "Linda Nochlin and The Imaginary Orient", New English Review, June 2010 1879 paintings Paintings by Jean-Léon Gérôme Snakes in art Musical instruments in art