The investigation hypothesized that the pilots were flying manually, therefore leading to a large workload for the pilot-in-command. The missed approach procedure required a significant amount of work that had to be performed in a short time. Investigators noted that "[t]he captain’s personal characteristics, indicating a person with a more impositive and confident posture, in opposition to the more passive posture of the copilot, in addition to the more limited knowledge of the equipment on the part of the latter and the possibility that he (the copilot) was fatigued, may also have hindered the dynamics of the crew in the management of the flight." Investigators believe the combination of the meteorological conditions, the effect of the high g-forces on the pilots' sense of spatial perception, and that the pilot-in-command would have been rapidly switching his focus between the instrument panel and exterior caused "incapacitating" spatial disorientation, which led to an "abnormal attitude." The aircraft did not respond to multiple calls from air traffic control after initiating the missed approach, suggesting the pilots were under a heavy workload managing the aircraft. Two images of the aircraft from different cameras moments before the crash show the aircraft at 35° (± 5°) and 22.4° dive angles. The report notes that "the aircraft could only have reached such speed and fly that trajectory[] if it had climbed considerably" after entering the clouds and that, in normal conditions, the pilots would not have deliberately placed the aircraft in such a steep dive. Of fracture surfaces examined, none showed signs of fatigue but were caused by stress overload at the moment of impact. There was no abnormality with engine function in the moments before the crash and no evidence of failure of any aircraft system. It also emerged that the on-board cockpit voice recorder did not record any of the conversations during the flight before it crashed. Unlike bigger airplanes, the Citation Excel was not required by regulations to have a flight data recorder. See also List of fatalities from aviation accidents References Aviation accidents and incidents in 2014 2014 disasters in Brazil Aviation accidents and incidents in Brazil Aviation accidents and incidents involving controlled flight into terrain Accidents and incidents involving the Cessna Citation family Baixada Santista