underside. The mid-shaft region of the ischium is narrow and widens towards the distal end before tapering further distally. The ischium has a proximal end that is straight in side view, unlike the convex and fan-like ischium of Ankylosaurus and the concave proximal ischia of Struthiosaurus. As typical with other ankylosaurs, the femur is both robust and straight. The femoral head forms an articular surface that is circular. The femur possesses both the cranial and greater trochanters, which are separated from the femoral head by a tightening. The cranial trochanter is separated from the greater trochanter, which is seen in juvenile ankylosaur specimens but not in most adult ankylosaurs. However, this may rather represent a plesiomorphic trait of ankylosaurids, as well as a trait under ontogenetic control in some ankylosaurs, due to the cranial trochanter being also present in some nodosaurids. Present on the femur is a shallow cranial intercondylar fossa. Chuanqilong has a similar ratio of humerus to femur length to Ankylosaurus, but lower than that of other juvenile ankylosaur specimens and Hungarosaurus. The tibia is shorter than the femur and robust, with the proximal end having a transverse expansion that is weaker then that of the distal end of the tibia. Slightly shorter than the tibia is the fibula, which is slender and has a shaft that is oval in cross-section, as well as being relatively equal in size. The right foot preserves metatarsals II, III, and IV in articulation. The longest and most robust metatarsal is metatarsal III, while metatarsals II and IV are both sub-equal in length. All of the preserved metatarsals have proximal and distal ends that are expanded. The unguals have a sub-triangular outline with distal ends that are sub-rounded and are similar to that of Dyoplosaurus. Armour The only preserved cervical half ring of Chuanqilong consists of a connecting band that is fused into a single plate, but is compressed towards the dorsal and ventral sides and is also segmented into four sections. Of these sections, the right three have a subrectangular outline and are arched upwards, while the left section has a subtriangular profile and tapers caudolaterally. The shoulder region preserves two osteoderm plates that are large, flat, thickened and have a subrectangular outline. The largest of these osteoderm plates is twice the length of the other and are both similar to the osteoderms of cervical half ring but may also represent