of freshwater settings, and would have fluctuated seasonally between semi-arid and mesic conditions. The Jiufotang Formation experienced infrequent volcanic activity, while the younger Yixian Formation had more frequent activity. A combination of regional volcanism and the presence of many shallow lakes allowed the exceptional preservation of fossils and the preservation of integument impressions, cartilage and keratin. A variety of forms of Euornithines (such as Mengciusornis, Piscivoravis, Parahongshanornis, and Yanornis) and Enantiornithines (such as Cuspirostrisornis, Longipteryx, Rapaxavis, Sinornis, and Yuanchuavis) are present in the Jiufotang Formation. Numerous pterosaurs are also known from the formation including the chaoyangopterids Chaoyangopterus, Eoazhdarcho, Jidapterus and Shenzhoupterus, the ctenochasmatid Forfexopterus, the anhanguerids Guidraco and Liaoningopterus, the lonchodraconid Ikrandraco, the istiodactyliforms Hongshanopterus, Liaoxipterus, Linlongopterus and Nurhachius, the tapejarid Sinopterus, the anurognathid Vesperopterylus and the indeterminate pterodactyloid Pangupterus. Other fauna present include the jeholornithiforms Jeholornis and Kompsornis, the omnivoropterygids Omnivoropteryx and Sapeornis, the oviraptorosaur Similicaudipteryx, the dromaeosaurid Microraptor, the tyrannosauroid Sinotyrannus, the ceratopsian Psittacosaurus, the mammaliamorphs Fossiomanus and Liaoconodon, and the choristoderes Philydrosaurus, Ikechosaurus and Liaoxisaurus. References Early Cretaceous dinosaurs of Asia Jiufotang fauna Cretaceous China Fossils of China Fossil taxa described in 2014 Ornithischian genera