its upstream stakeholders (program funders, designers, administrators, managers, staff, volunteers, vendors, etc.); the second is that someone be appointed a goal screener. A screener is an impartial party (i.e., someone who is not assigned to GFE design or data collection), such as an administrative assistant, a third party, or even the evaluation client. The screener intervenes between the evaluator and the program people to eliminate goal-oriented communications and documents before they reach the goal-free evaluator. The screener does not require extensive training; the screener should, however, have a basic understanding of GFE's purpose and methodology and be relatively familiar with the organization and its program to be able to identify program goals and objectives. There are two types of GFE evaluations that are used. The first type being when an evaluator intentionally avoids the stated goal and objectives by taking special precautions. For example, the evaluation may take special precautions to hire goal-screeners who play the role as a liaison between the evaluator and the client. This helps with reducing bias because it allows the outcomes speak for themselves. The second type is goal-dismissive. A goal dismissive evaluator simply disregards the goals and objectives, instead of using special precautions to avoid it. Full and partial GFE GFE can be full and partial. During a full GFE, the evaluator is goal-free throughout the duration of the evaluation. A partial GFE begins goal-free but at some point, during the evaluation, the evaluator learns the stated goals and objectives. Principles In a recent attempt to further articulate general principles for guiding the goal-free evaluator, Youker proposed the following principles: Identify relevant effects to examine without referencing goals and objectives. Identify what occurred without the prompting of goals and objectives. Determine if what occurred can logically be attributed to the program or intervention. Determine the degree to which the effects are positive, negative, or neutral. GFE in practice Youker introduced GFE dos and don'ts which are included below. GFE dos Identify and use a screener (i.e., an intermediary who ensures that no goal- or objective-based information is communicated to the goal-free evaluator). Refer all communiqués to screener and involve the screener throughout the evaluation to protect from potential contamination. Have all written material screened for references to program goals or objectives prior to evaluator receipt. Advise all program people of goal-free nature and the parameters of goal-free evaluation. Ensure that they understand they are