Empress Dowager Ma (1578–1669), personal name unknown, formally known as Empress Dowager Zhaosheng (), was an empress dowager of the Chinese Southern Ming dynasty. She was the birth mother of the Yongli Emperor. She converted to Roman Catholicism and adopted the name Maria. References Ming dynasty empresses dowager Southern Ming empresses 1578 births 1669 deaths Converts to Roman Catholicism 17th-century Chinese women 17th-century Chinese people Sichuanese Roman Catholics