marked exclusively by prefixes in the past and future and by a zero in the present, while three of the fours aspects (imperfective, perfective, and perfect) are marked by suffixes. The fourth aspect, the progressive, is realized through the use of inflectional compounds formed on the stative verb ma ‘be lying’. The indicative mood is zero-marked while the optative and potential are marked by the prefixes ka- and t-, respectively; the fourth mood, the irrealis, is marked by idiomatic combinations of morphemes borrowed from other parts of the TAM paradigms. Stative verbs are marked for tense and mood, but lack aspectual inflections. Person-marking on the verb is complex, the verb agreeing in person and number with the subject and up to two objects. The table below shows the indicative perfective form of the transitive verb tks- ‘hit sth’: {| class="wikitable" |- ! !! 1sg.obj !! 2sg.obj !! 3sg.obj !! 1pl.obj !! 2pl.obj !! 3pl.obj |- | 1sg.sub || — || ktksn || ktksl || — || ktksn || ktksl |- | 2sg.sub || kintkst || — || tkst || kiltksw || — || ktkst |- | 3sg.su || kintksl || tksn || tksl || kinktksn || ktksn || ktksl |- | 1plexc.sub || — || ktksn || ktksw || — || ktksn || ktksw |- | 1plincl.sub || — || — || tksw || — || — || ktksw |- | 2pl.sub || kiltksw || — || tkstit || kiltksw || — || ktkstit |- | 3pl.sub || kintatksl || tatksn || tatksl || kinktatksn || ktatksn || tatksn/ktksl |} Like other members of the family, the Upper Necaxa verb paradigms show some irregularities in forms where first and second persons interact and one or both of these persons is plural, leading to a three-way ambiguity in such expressions: A further wrinkle is that in clauses with third person plural subjects and third person plural objects, only one of these can be marked on the verb (see the bottom right cell in the paradigm given above). Double object-marking is rare, and occurs only in clauses with both a singular first-person and a singular second person object: Such a sentence where either the recipient or the theme (the bride in this case) were plural would have to be expressed by periphrastic means. Verbal quasi-inflection In addition to its rich verbal inflectional system, Upper Necaxa also a number of affixes that, like