a tectonic plate. Megathrust – at subduction zones Remotely triggered earthquakes – after main shock but outside the aftershock zone. Slow – over a period of hours to months. Submarine – under a body of water. Supershear – rupture propagates faster than seismic shear wave velocity. Tsunami – triggers a tsunami. Seismic waves P S Surface Love Raleigh Reflection seismology Seismic refraction Seismic tomography Structure of the Earth Closely allied sciences Atmospheric sciences Atmospheric sciences Aeronomy – the study of the physical structure and chemistry of the atmosphere. Meteorology – the study of weather processes and forecasting. Climatology – the study of weather conditions averaged over a period of time. Geology Geology Mineralogy – the study of chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals. Petrophysics – The study of the origin, structure, and composition of rocks. Volcanology – the study of volcanoes, volcanic features (hot springs, geysers, fumaroles), volcanic rock, and heat flow related to volcanoes. Engineering Geophysical engineering – the application of geophysics to the engineering design of facilities including roads, tunnels, and mines. Water on the Earth Glaciology – the study of ice and natural phenomena that involve ice, particularly glaciers. Hydrology – the study of the movement, distribution, and quality of water on Earth and other planets. Physical oceanography – the study of physical conditions and physical processes within the ocean, especially the motions and physical properties of ocean waters. Society Influential persons List of geophysicists Organizations American Geophysical Union Canadian Geophysical Union Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers European Geosciences Union International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics Royal Astronomical Society Society of Exploration Geophysicists Seismological Society of America Publications Geophysics journals Important publications in geophysics (geology) Important publications in geophysics (physics) Geophysics lists See also Outline of geology Outline of physics External links geophysics geophysics