Samuel Albert Rosa (31 January 1866 – 25 May 1940) was a British socialist and journalist. Biography The son of housepainter Alexander Rosa and Mary Elizabeth Henshaw, Rosa was probably born in Marylebone, Middlesex, London where he attended St Andrew's School and the Polytechnic School of Art in Regent Street. In 1884 he was an executive member of the Social Democratic Federation, and in 1886 as a journalist in the United States was a member of the Socialist Labor League and the Knights of Labor. In 1888 he moved to Melbourne and established the local branch of the Australian Socialist League; on 20 July 1889 he formed the Social Democratic League with William Maloney and W. D. Flinn, publishing a pamphlet, Social Democracy, in 1890. He was later imprisoned for making "inflammatory" anti-sabbatarian speeches, and became prominent as a spokesman for the unemployed. He went to America on 10 April 1886 at age 19 on board the ship 'England' to New York, his destination was Colorado. Later on 19 October 1888 Rosa moved to Sydney from America and became secretary of the Australian Socialist League. In January 1892 he was deposed and the league began to move towards state-oriented socialism, which Rosa opposed. He married Mary Henrietta Williams, a widowed dressmaker, on 14 June 1892 at Paddington. He successfully sued Truth for libel in September, but in 1893 was imprisoned for three months after selling Arthur Desmond's Hard Cash. He ran unsuccessfully for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as a Labor candidate in 1894 and 1895. He attended the People's Federal Convention at Bathurst in 1896, but opposed Federation. In 1894 he wrote a novella, initially titled The Coming Terror, and later Olive Spence, The Australian Ceaser, in which "Olive Spence" (= William Spence) leads a socialist rebellion against a plutocratic Federal government commanded by "Israel Smith" (= Bruce Smith). Contrary to many Federationists, he believed "The unrestricted right of appeal to the Privy Council ... should be preserved at all hazards". He stood unsuccessfully as an independent for the Senate in 1901. Despite the earlier disputes between him and Truth, he was appointed its editor by his friend John Norton in 1901 and worked for the paper in 1923. He was chairman of the Industrial Vigilance Council during World War I and was expelled from the Labor Party in July 1919 together with Jock Garden and Albert Willis