was—at the time—a relatively crude and fledgling science. In the 1950s, Ax also began arranging formal meetings of these early psychophysiologists in what became known as the “Psychophysiology Group.” For several years, the group met regularly at the annual American Psychological Association conference. And at the 1959 meeting in Cincinnati, Ohio, the group decided to establish its own society, in part in order to oversee the transformation of The Psychophysiology Newsletter into a peer-reviewed scientific journal (which became the journal Psychophysiology). Aside from Ax, many scientists who became officers of the fledgling society were present, including R.C. Davis (chair of the organizing board), Marion Augustus “Gus” Wenger, Robert Edelberg, Martine Orne, Clinton C. Brown, and William W. Grings. The society took the name Society for Psychophysiological Research, and since its first informal gatherings, has grown to over 800 members worldwide and has held 51 annual meetings in North America and Europe. The society continues to publish Psychophysiology, an influential monthly peer-reviewed journal interested in advancing psychophysiological science and human neuroscience, covering research on the interrelationships between the physiological and psychological aspects of brain and behavior. Annual meeting The annual meeting of Society for Psychophysiological Research is attended by scientists from around the world. The meeting includes presentations of new theory, methods, and research in the form of invited addresses, symposia, poster sessions, and Presidential and Award addresses. At each meeting, the society also typically offers preconference workshops on specific topics or methodological advances. Topics covered in the 2011 preconference workshops included a bootcamp on Event-related potential Methodologies, Genetic Approaches to the Biology of Complex Traits, and Fundamentals of Pupillary Measures and Eye tracking. Recent meetings have been held in Portland, OR, Berlin, Germany, Vancouver, British Columbia, New Orleans, Louisiana, and Florence, Italy. Meetings have been scheduled to be held at various locations around the world. Awards Distinguished Contributions to Psychophysiology Past Awardees: Chester W. Darrow (1969) Roland Clark Davis (1969) Marion A. Wenger (1970) John I. Lacey (1970) Albert F. Ax (1973) Robert Edelberg (1974) William W. Grings (1978) Frances K. Graham (1981) Donald B. Lindsley (1984) Paul A. Obrist (1985) Peter H. Venables (1987) David Shapiro (1988) Eugene Sokolov (1988) Peter J. Lang (1990) John A. Stern (1993) Emanuel Donchin (1994) Risto Naatanen (1995) David T. Lykken (1998) Steven A. Hillyard (1999) John Cacioppo (2000) Arne Ohman (2001) Michael G.H. Coles (2002) Robert M. Stern (2004) Kees Brunia (2005)