The Pueblo V Period (AD 1600 to present) is the final period of ancestral puebloan culture in the American Southwest, or Oasisamerica, and includes the contemporary Pueblo peoples. From the previous Pueblo IV Period, all 19 of the Rio Grande valley pueblos remain in the contemporary period. The only remaining pueblo in Texas is Ysleta del Sur Pueblo, and the only remaining pueblos in Arizona are maintained by the Hopi Tribe. The rest of the Pueblo IV pueblos were abandoned by the 19th century. The Pueblo V Period (Pecos Classification) is similar to the "Regressive Pueblo Period." History Considerable change occurred during the Pueblo V Period due to Spanish colonization of the Americas beginning in the 16th century and the United States westward expansion of the 19th and 20th centuries. These influences resulted in: Population decline due to European diseases Efforts to secure traditional Pueblo lands by the Europeans and other Native American tribes Establishment of Indian reservations The Crow Canyon Archaeological Center notes, "Today, Pueblo people live in the modern world while maintaining their distinct culture and rich traditional heritage." Cultural groups and periods The cultural groups of this period include: Ancestral Puebloans – southern Utah, southern Colorado, northern Arizona and northern and central New Mexico. Hohokam – southern Arizona. Mogollon – southeastern Arizona, southern New Mexico and northern Mexico. Patayan – western Arizona, California, and Baja California. Notable abandoned sites The people from the following sites abandoned their pueblos and generally blended into Puebloans societies in the Rio Grande valley of New Mexico: Bailey Ruin – Arizona Bandelier – New Mexico Casa Grande – Arizona Mesa Grande – Arizona Pueblo Grande – Arizona Pecos – New Mexico, abandoned in the 19th century Puye Cliff Dwellings – New Mexico Federally recognized Pueblos There are 21 federally recognized Pueblos that are home to Pueblo people. Gallery See also American Indian Wars in the Southwest Pueblo – modern and ancient pueblos Pueblo Revolt of 1680 Puebloan peoples Notes References Native American history of Arizona Native American history of Colorado Native American history of Nevada Native American history of New Mexico Native American history of Utah Oasisamerica cultures Pueblo history Southwest periods in North America by Pecos classification