another one in Tegal. The branch in Surabaya was run by Abu al-Fadl al-Ansari (Surkati's brother). This school hired two Egyptia teachers, Muhammad Murshidi and 'Abd al-Qadir al-Muhanna. In 1922 'Abd al-Qadir al-Muhanna was replaced by 'Umar b. Salim Hubays. The branch school of al-Irshad in Tegal was opened and run by a student of Surkati, 'Abd Allah b. Salim al-Attas together with Shaykh Muhammad Nuh al-Ansari and another graduate of al-Irshad Jakarta, 'Ali Harharah. Shaykh AbÜ al-Fagl was also one of its teachers. Organization The Al-Irshad movement is based on the following five principles: To hold the doctrine of God's Unity by purifying devotions and prayers from their contamination by polytheistic elements To realize equality among Muslims and to seek the legal judgements found in the Qur'an and Sunnah, and to follow the way of salaf in solution to all disputed religious matters To combat the so-called taqlid a'ma (blind acceptance) which conflicts with both aql (reason) and naql (the Qur'an and Hadith) To spread Islamic sciences and Arab culture as approved by God To attempt to create mutual understanding between Indonesian Muslims and the Arabs Some of the efforts of the organization are to establish of schools, orphanages, nursing homes and hospitals. References Indonesian National Awakening Islamic organizations based in Indonesia Islamic organizations established in 1914 Islamic education in Indonesia