or bound) stative base, as in (1), or with an ordinary dynamic verb (2): In neither case does the addition of the part prefix affect the valency of the verb, positively or negatively. Although there are a few individual lexical items where the addition of a part prefix can increase the valency (usually by adding an instrument), the only constructions where this is regularly the case are "wearing" verbs formed from the bound stative bases -nuː ‘in’ and -ʃtu ‘out’ such as makanuː ‘wear sth (clothing) on the hand (maka-)’/makaʃtu ‘remove sth (clothing) from the hand (maka-)’, a̰ʔnuː ‘wear sth (clothing) on the head (a̰ʔ-)’/a̰ʔʃtu ‘remove sth (clothing) from the head (a̰ʔ-)’, etc. Nominal morphology Unlike verbs, nouns in Upper Necaxa are uninflected. Although they have plural forms, these are rarely used and the language completely lacks case or any kind of noun class or gender. Possessive constructions are head-marked, the possessed nouns bearing a prefix showing the person of the possor and a suffix indicating its number: {| class="wikitable" |- ! || singular || plural |- ! 1 | kinčičḭ‘my dog’ || kinčičḭka̰n ‘our dog’ |- ! 2 | minčičḭ‘your dog’ || minčičḭka̰n ‘your dog’ |- ! 3 | ḭʃčičḭ'‘his/her dog’ || ḭʃčičḭka̰n ‘their dog’ |} Kinship terms and words referring to parts of wholes are inherently possessed and must always be inflected for person and number of their possessor, though they may be used generically with the prefix ʃa- ‘impersonal possessor’. Syntax Upper Necaxa is a basically verb-initial, head-marking language with constituent order governed largely by information structure. Grammatical relations are marked exclusively by verbal agreement, the language lacking any case or prepositions, and verbs can have up to five objects. Unlike many languages where different object-relations are assigned by the government pattern of the verb and are assigned uniquely, in Upper Necaxa nominal arguments are largely undifferentiated and the choice of the controller of object-agreement morphology is governed by animacy and discourse-factors. Locative constructions The “basic locative construction” (that is, the full answer to the question ‘where is X?’) in Upper Necaxa is unusually complex and contains elements expressing both the posture of the object whose location is being described (the Figure) and its intrinsic orientation with respect to another object that is used to locate it (the Ground): The basic formula for these expressions is [Figure part.prefix+posture.verb Ground], where the posture verb describes the position (sitting,