had a 'Children's Page' in every Tuesday edition to cater for younger readers within their potential audience. It also provided a comprehensive review for those older readers interested in local social gatherings and events. Each newspaper publisher had to balance the cost of news reporting, together with newspaper collation, printing and distribution on the one hand, with its ability to obtain higher circulation numbers and to charge a higher price for newspaper advertising on the other. Accordingly, provincial newspaper publishing provided a broader view of the complexities of the journalistic craft beyond Rudyard Kipling's 'who', 'what', 'why', 'when', 'where' and 'how.' Ultimately, changes in technology, capital requirements, competition and changing consumer tastes led to a number of provincial newspapers amalgamating to form PNQ in 1968. They were then better able to compete with more nationally focused newspapers and other information media (such as television) that could be more cost effectively accessed by consumers. As a result of the provincial newspaper amalgamation, PNQ's management were more able to combat the existing and emerging competition and to profitably expand its newspaper businesses. For example, intense competition between The Toowoomba Chronicle and The Darling Downs Star between 1955 and 1970 resulted in The Darling Downs Star being eventually taken over by The Chronicle. Competition One way competing newspapers challenged other publications for readership dominance by increasing the frequency of their publication, moving from biweekly to triweekly and perhaps to daily publishing. However, as one paper adopted this tactic, other papers had to eventually follow in order to maintain their business share. For example, from 30 June 1863, the Rockhampton Bulletin, moved to publishing triweekly issues, appearing on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays, to counter the emergence of The Argus which eventually followed the Bulletin from 6 February 1865, appearing on Mondays, Wednesdays and Saturdays. Profitable Queensland newspaper dynasties were able to support separate enterprises in the one region from the late nineteenth century until the First World War. However, 'these competitors, as a rule, followed one another in price changes and in stepping up their frequency of publication through biweekly issue to daily status. Within a decade of the end of the war, many of them had either merged with their rivals or ceased publication with the realisation that advertising revenue had not expanded to keep pace with the sharp increase in production costs. Only one paper could make a comfortable living.' Kirkpatrick, the