beneficial with a reasonable assay for separating product enantiomers and a high output is necessary . An interesting example of a (−)-NLE effect has been reported in asymmetric sulfide oxidations. Modeling non-linear effects 1n 1986, Henri B. Kagan and coworkers observed a series of known reactions that followed a non-ideal behavior. A correction factor, f, was adapted to Equation 1 to fit the kinetic behavior of reactions with NLEs (Equation 2). Equation 2: A general mathematical equation that describes non-linear behavior Unfortunately, Equation 2 is too general to apply to specific chemical reactions. Due to this, Kagan and coworkers also developed simplified mathematical models to describe the behavior of catalysts which lead to non-linear effects. These models involve generic MLn species, based on a metal (M) bound to n number of enantiomeric ligands (L). The type of MLn model varies among asymmetric reactions, based on the goodness of fit with reaction data. With accurate modeling, NLE may elucidate mechanistic details of an enantioselective, catalytic reaction. ML2 model General description The simplest model to describe a non-linear effect, the ML2 model involves a metal system (M) with two chiral ligands, LR and LS. In addition to the catalyzed reaction of interest, the model accounts for a steady state equilibrium between the unbound and bound catalyst complexes. There are three possible catalytic complexes at equilibrium (MLSLR, MLSLS, MLRLR). The two enantiomerically pure complexes ( MLSLS, MLRLR) are referred to as homochiral complexes. The possible heterochiral complex, MLRLS, is often referred to as a meso-complex. The equilibrium constant that describes this equilibrium, K, is presumably independent on the catalytic chemical reaction. In Kagan's model, K is determined by the amount of aggregation present in the chemical environment. A K=4 is considered to be the state at which there is a statistical distribution of ligands to each metal complex. In other words, there is no thermodynamic disadvantage or advantage to the formation of heterochiral complexes at K=4. Obeying the same kinetic rate law, each of the three catalytic complexes catalyze the desired reaction to form product. As enantiomers of each other, the homochiral complexes catalyze the reaction at the same rate, although opposite absolute configuration of the product is induced (i.e. rRR=rSS). The heterochiral complex, however, forms a racemic product at a different rate constant (i.e. rRS). Mathematical model for the ML2 Model In order to describe the ML2 model in quantitative parameters, Kagan