CA is equivalent to the potential number of solutions of the problem. Hence, if we see cEAs as a kind of CA, it is possible to import knowledge from the field of CAs to cEAs, and in fact this is an interesting open research line. Parallelism Cellular EAs are very amenable to parallelism, thus usually found in the literature of parallel metaheuristics. In particular, fine grain parallelism can be used to assign independent threads of execution to every individual, thus allowing the whole cEA to run on a concurrent or actually parallel hardware platform. In this way, large time reductions can be obtained when running cEAs on FPGAs or GPUs. However, it is important to stress that cEAs are a model of search, in many senses different from traditional EAs. Also, they can be run in sequential and parallel platforms, reinforcing the fact that the model and the implementation are two different concepts. See here for a complete description on the fundamentals for the understanding, design, and application of cEAs. See also Cellular automaton Dual-phase evolution Enrique Alba Evolutionary algorithm Metaheuristic Parallel metaheuristic References E. Alba, B. Dorronsoro, Cellular Genetic Algorithms, Springer-Verlag, , 2008 A.J. Neighbor, J.J. Durillo, F. Luna, B. Dorronsoro, E. Alba, MOCell: A New Cellular Genetic Algorithm for Multiobjective Optimization, International Journal of Intelligent Systems, 24:726-746, 2009 E. Alba, B. Dorronsoro, F. Luna, A.J. Neighbor, P. Bouvry, L. Hogie, A Cellular Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm for Optimal Broadcasting Strategy in Metropolitan MANETs, Computer Communications, 30(4):685-697, 2007 E. Alba, B. Dorronsoro, Computing Nine New Best-So-Far Solutions for Capacitated VRP with a Cellular GA, Information Processing Letters, Elsevier, 98(6):225-230, 30 June 2006 M. Giacobini, M. Tomassini, A. Tettamanzi, E. Alba, The Selection Intensity in Cellular Evolutionary Algorithms for Regular Lattices, IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, IEEE Press, 9(5):489-505, 2005 E. Alba, B. Dorronsoro, The Exploration/Exploitation Tradeoff in Dynamic Cellular Genetic Algorithms, IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, IEEE Press, 9(2)126-142, 2005 External links The site on Cellular Evolutionary Algorithms NEO Research Group at University of Málaga, Spain Evolutionary algorithms