"adverbial locative reinforcer" (Loc) The normal (unmarked) order or demondtratives is postnominal, yieding [Noun-Dem-Loc]. Divergence from this canonical order is possible, so that [Dem-N-Loc] is also attested, and yields a contrastive focus reading, where the noun is contrasted with other deictic alternatives (this man, as opposed to that man). Combining Nouns with Adjectives, Numerals and Demonstratives Within the DP, there are 8 possible word order variations, taking into account the order of nouns, adjectives, demonstratives, and numerals. These are divided by Kouankem (2011) into post-nominal and pre-nominal variations. The possible word orders are: Post-nominal word order variation N:noun A:adjective PRX:proximal (adapted from Kouankem 2011:234-236; identify pp. & example nos.) Pre-nominal word order variation (adapted from Kouankem 2011:234-236; identify pp. & example nos.) AP: adjectival syntax There are three kinds of adjective classes in Medumba, which differ in their order relative to the noun they modify. [GIVE EXAMPLES] Pure adjectives There are a limited number of pure adjectives. These are further divided into two classes. Class 1 pure adjectives always appear before their noun. Class 2 pure adjectives typically appear after the noun, but can appear before the noun in a contrastive context. [GIVE EXAMPLES] Nominal adjectives [GIVE EXAMPLES] Verbal adjectives [GIVE EXAMPLES] PP: Prepositional Syntax Medumba has four locative prepositions: mbàŋ (next to), mʙəә́ (in front of), ɲàm (behind), and nùm (on). While there are several strategies for forming prepositional phrases involving overt prepositions or “locative specifications”, there are no overt locative prefixes which correspond to the Bantu locative classes (16), (17), and (18) (pa-, ku-, and mu- respectively). However, there is a ''covert'' prefix in the form of a floating H tone whose presence may be detected in certain contexts by its effects on the pitch of surrounding tones, which Voorhoeve hypothesizes that it may be the remnant of those locative classes. The interpretation of a noun marked with this tone is variable and context dependent, generally corresponding to prepositions like on, at, or in. [Give examples] Conventions for presenting Medumba language data The following conventions are used to present Medumba language data symbols in square brackets [...] give the IPA form examples in italic give the Medumba orthography example sentences used the following format line 1: orthography line 2: IPA transcription line 3: morpheme breakdown (called a "gloss" by linguists) line 4: translation Thus, example (1) is presented as follows: {| |style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;"|(1) a. | |style="vertical-align: