world.' As Kirkpatrick notes, the 'financial interests of the families in the company had steadily been eroded over the years', with the fourth generation PNQ members 'lacking the degree of interest, drive and dynamism in being involved in the newspaper industry that the first, second and (some of the) third generations had exhibited.' The changing dynamic of the provincial newspaper publishing business on a number of levels alongside the rise of multinational corporations such as News Limited building massive business portfolios contributed to the pressures that such family owned and operated newspapers were under. Takeover of PNQ by Australian Provincial News (APN) Primary source Dr. Rod Kirkpatrick's research on the history of the Queensland provincial press is the primary reference source used in this article. As a former provincial daily newspaper editor, and now academic, Kirkpatrick has dedicated a significant part of his life to writing a history of the national provincial daily press. He is both well-qualified and entitled to be considered as an accurate and unbiased source. PNQ holdings Bundaberg News Mail Caboolture Paper Caloundra Weekly Chinchilla News and Murilla Advertiser Daily Mercury Gladstone Observer Gympie Times Maryborough Chronicle Nambour Chronicle Noosa News Queensland Times (Ipswich) Rockhampton Morning Bulletin Warwick Daily News External links Archive held at the Fryer Library, University of Queensland Finding aid to the collection References Newspaper companies of Australia Defunct mass media companies of Australia Companies based in Queensland Mass media companies established in 1968 Mass media companies disestablished in 1988 1968 establishments in Australia 1988 disestablishments in Australia