substantially slower rate of reactivity, rRS. Therefore, the reactive catalytic species should decrease in concentration, leading to an overall slower reaction rate. If the correction factor is less than one, the reaction displays an asymmetric depletion, also known as a negative non-linear effect. In this scenario, the heterochiral catalyst is relatively more reactive than the homochiral catalyst complexes. In this case, the (−)-NLE may result in an overall faster although less selective product formation. iv. Reaction Kinetics with the ML2 Model: Following H.B. Kagan's publication of the ML2 model, Professor Donna Blackmond at Scripps demonstrated how this model could be used to also calculate the overall reaction rates. With these relative reaction rates, Blackmond showed how the ML2 model could be used to formulate kinetic predictions which could then be compared to experimental data. The overall rate equation, Equation 6, is shown below. In addition to the goodness of fit to the model, kinetic information about the overall reaction may further validate the proposed reaction mechanism. For instance, a positive NLE in the ML2 should result in an overall lower reaction rate. By solving the reaction rate from Equation 6, one can confirm if that is the case. M*L2 Model General description Similar to the ML2 model, this modified system involves chiral ligands binding to a metal center (M) to create a new center of chirality. There are four pairs of enantiomeric chiral complexes in the M*L2 model, as shown in Figure 5. In this model, one can make the approximation that the dimeric complexes dissociate irreversibly to the monomeric species. In this case, the same mathematical equations apply to the ML*2 model that applied to the ML2 model. ML3 model General description A higher level of modeling, the ML3 model involves four active catalytic complexes: MLRLRLR, MLSLSLS, MLRLRLS, MLSLSLR. Unlike the ML2 model, where only the two homochiral complexes reacted to form enantiomerically enriched product, all four of the catalytic complexes react enantioselectively. However, the same steady state assumption applies to the equilibrium between unbound and bound catalytic complexes as in the more simple ML2 model. This relationship is shown below in Figure 7. Mathematical modeling Calculating the eeproduct is considerably more challenging than in the simple ML2 model. Each of the two heterochiral catalytic complexes should react at the same rate. The homochiral catalytic complexes, similar to the ML2 case, should also react at the same rate. As