in response to obvious changes in military doctrine as practiced in the new conflict, the 180th was inducted into federal service on 16 September 1940 at Muskogee to participate in the experimental Louisiana Maneuvers. The 45th Division itself was reorganized and redesignated on 11 February 1942 as 45th Infantry Division. After 511 days of combat in Europe the unit inactivated 22–29 November 1945 at Camp Bowie, TX. During the Allied Invasion of Sicily, after the capture of Biscari airfield on 14 July 1943 American soldiers from the regiment murdered 74 Italian and two German prisoners of war in two massacres at Biscari airfield in July–August 1943. Sergeant Horace T. West and Captain John T. Compton were charged with a war crime; West was convicted and sentenced to life in prison and stripped of his rank but was released as a private. Compton was charged with killing 40 prisoners in his charge but was acquitted and transferred to another regiment, where he died a year later in the fighting in Italy. World War II produced five recipients of the Medal of Honor from the 180th Infantry: 2nd Lieutenant Ernest Childers, Private First Class William Johnston, Private First Class Salvador Lara, and 1st Lieutenant Jack Montgomery, all for actions in Italy and Captain Jack Treadwell for actions along the Siegfried Line in Germany. Korea and Cold War The 180th was again ordered into active federal service on 1 September 1950, this time to prepare of mobilization to Korea. The 180th Infantry [NGUS] was organized and federally recognized on 15 September 1952 with headquarters at Holdenville. After 429 days of combat it was released from active federal service 30 April 1954 and reverted to state control. One of the most significant actions was the assault on Old Baldy and Pork Chop Hills. The 45th Infantry Division was holding the right flank of the I Corps' line in west-central Korea, facing the 39th Army of the Chinese 13th Field Army. In order to take the high ground in front of the division's main line of resistance the division developed a plan to seize a dozen forward hills, stretching from northeast to southwest. The last two in the southwest, Pork Chop and Old Baldy (Hill 266), were held by the Chinese 116th Division. On 6 and 7 June, the 180th Infantry advanced on the six southern hills. Company I of the 180th took Pork Chop