Minorities in Turkey form a substantial part of the country's population, representing an estimated 26% to 31% of the population. Historically, in the Ottoman Empire, Islam was the official and dominant religion, with Muslims having different duties from non-Muslims. Non-Muslim (dhimmi) ethno-religious groups were legally identified by different millet ("nations"). Following the end of World War I and the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, all Ottoman Muslims were made part of the modern citizenry or the Turkish nation as the newly founded Republic of Turkey was constituted as a Muslim nation state. While Turkish nationalist policy viewed all Muslims in Turkey as Turks without exception, non-Muslim minority groups, such as Jews and Christians, were designated as "foreign nations" (millet). Conversely, the term 'Turk' was used to denote all groups in the region who had been Islamized under Ottoman rule, especially Muslim Albanians and Slavic Muslims. The 1923 Treaty of Lausanne specified Armenians, Greeks and Jews and Christians in general as ethnic minorities (dhimmi). This legal status was not granted to Muslim minorities, such as the Kurds, which constituted the largest minority by a wide margin, nor any of the other minorities in the country. In modern Turkey, data on the ethnic makeup of the country is not officially collected, although various estimates exist. All Muslim citizens are still regarded as Turks by law, regardless of their ethnicity or language, in contrast to non-Muslim minorities, who are still grouped as "non-Turks"; the largest ethnic minority, the Kurds, who are predominantly Muslim, are therefore still classified as simply "Turks". The amount of ethnic minorities is considered to be underestimated by the Turkish government. Therefore, the exact number of members of ethnic groups who are also predominantly Muslim is unknown; these include Arabs, Albanians, Bosniaks, Circassians, Chechens, Kurds, Megleno-Romanians and Pontic Greeks, among other smaller groups. Many of the minorities (including Albanians, Bosniaks, Crimean Tatars, Megleno-Romanians, Circassians (and various peoples from the Caucasus), as well as some Turks) are descendants of Muslims (muhajirs) who were expelled from the lands lost by the shrinking Ottoman Empire. A majority have assimilated into and intermarried with the majority Turkish population and have adopted the Turkish language and way of life, though do not necessarily identify as Turks. Turkification and often aggressive Turkish nationalist policies strengthen these trends. Although many minorities have no official recognition, state-run TRT television and radio broadcasts minority language programs and elementary schools