the Caucasus and in Transcaucasia until the end of the 19th century. By the beginning of the 20th century, 17,264 people have been resettled into the Caucasus. The last Polish exile in Azerbaijan, which has so far been identified, was Edward Strump. In 1900, in Warsaw, he published his book Pictures of the Caucasus. Some Polish exiles were completely deprived of their liberty and detained in custody in places like the island fortress and Zaqatala Nargin. Absheron peninsula was an intensively developed oil industry. This, in turn, created conditions for the emergence of new and development of traditional industries. Baku turned into an international city. In 1897 the Polish population was near two thousand. In 1913, employees were among the Poles in Baku were making 52.2%. Polish community In 1903, the Poles established a "Polish Charitable Society," which opened the library and school. On August 17, 1909 the company "Polish House in Baku," was registered whose goal was the cultural development of the Polish population. When the society began to function, another Polish School was established. At the beginning of World War I created the "Polish Committee of Baku on the organization of aid war-ravaged population of the Kingdom of Poland." This was associated with the appearance in Baku wave of Polish refugees. All Polish organizations were merged into "The Council of Polish Organizations in Baku." The Poles are also united by the Christian faith. Chapels were built at the locations of the Polish regiments in the Caucasus. In Baku, thanks to the Polish diaspora the government agreed to build a Christian church. Local people called it Polish church. During Stalin's times the church was destroyed. The building of another Christian church, built by the Poles in the city Qusar survived. This building today is known among locals as "The Polish Christian church." With the establishment of Soviet power in Azerbaijan, many Poles left the country and returned to their historical homeland. The activities of the Polish organizations (as well as other national associations) were banned. Many persons of Polish origin were forced to change nationality. The idea of Polish organization was first expressed by Ofilom Ismailov (Kulchitsky) in 2000. In 2001, he gathered a group of people of Polish descent of 16 people and put forward a proposal for the creation of the Polish community, while noting that, according to the census beginning of the 1990s, Azerbaijan population of