in the United States. Pezdek hypothesized that whereas event memory would be better than autobiographical memory for a group that was personally involved with the event (i.e. people in New York where the attacks occurred), the reverse would be true for a group that was less involved, such as the Canadian sample. They found that memory for event information was less consistent than memory for autobiographical information. They also found that subjects recalled more information about the personal circumstances and feelings surrounding the event than they did about the actual event. Furthermore, they found that the personal-event memory was significantly more accurate and more consistent in those participants who had experienced high arousal on hearing the news than in those who had experiences relatively little arousal. This better recall of the events of 9/11 for those who had experienced greater arousal supports Pezdek's hypotheses that personal-event memory improves with higher levels of experienced emotion. Finally, they found that event memory is positively correlated with level of emotional arousal and shows significant decline with time. Event clusters The study indicates that memorable personal events, regardless of age or importance, are often embedded in event clusters and that events organized by these clusters, like episodes in a story, are often causally related, temporally proximate, and similar in content. It can also be argued that the clusters are created when people plan, execute, and evaluate meaningful action sequences and that or narration serves to maintain or strengthen associations between clustered events. Reminiscence bump Researchers have found that there seems to be a "reminiscence bump" where older adults recall more memories from their adolescence and early adulthood years. It seems to researchers that the memories of first-time or novel events during this time stand out in memory later in life. In other words, memories of a first time personal experience stand out better in the mind than memories of repetition or routine. There are multiple hypotheses regarding the high occurrence of memory recall during adolescence and early adulthood; self-image hypothesis, cognitive hypothesis, and cultural life script hypothesis. the self-image hypothesis suggests that memory is heightened for events that happen while a young person is assuming a self-image or life identity. The cognitive hypothesis proposes that memory encoding is better during the rapid changes that occur during adolescence and early adulthood. The final explanation, cultural life script hypothesis, advocates the idea that there are culturally