T.B. Harms & Francis, Day, & Hunter, Inc., based in the Tin Pan Alley area of New York City, was one of the seven largest publishers of popular music in the world in 1920. T.B. Harms & Francis, Day & Hunter, Inc. was one of seven defendants named in a 1920 Sherman antitrust suit brought by the U.S. Justice Department for controlling 80% of the music publishing business. The seven defendants were: Consolidated Music Corporation – 144 W. 37th St., New York, NY Irving Berlin, Inc. – 1567 Broadway, New York, NY Leo Feist, Inc. – 231 W 40th St, New York, NY T.B. Harms & Francis, Day & Hunter, Inc. – 62 W. 45th St., New York, NY Shapiro, Bernstein & Co., Inc. – 218 W. 47th St., New York, NY Watterson, Berlin & Snyder, Inc. – 1571 Broadway, New York, NY (sold in bankruptcy to Mills Music in 1929) M. Witmark & Sons, Inc. – 144 W. 37th St, New York, NY Founded in 1881 as the Thomas B. Harms Music Publishing Company, T.B. Harms & Francis, Day & Hunter, Inc., was eventually incorporated in New York and changed its name to Harms, Inc. in 1921. Owners and executives Thomas B. Harms (1860-1906) Max Dreyfus (1874-1964) (owned 25% in 1901) — The Harms empire owned or backed by Dreyfus, included Harms, Inc., Chappell-Harms (its "repository for non-production music"), De Sylva, Brown, and Henderson, Remick Music, Green and Stept, Famous Music, T. B. Harms, "and George Gershwin's New World Music, publisher of all Gershwin's music" (109). Jerome Kern (1885-1945) — Kern plugged sheet music at a local department store then took a job with T.B. Harms, Inc., and eventually became vice president. Alexander T. Harms (1855-1901) Frederick Day (1878-1975) History timeline Tin Pan Alley publisher "Tin Pan Alley" was a specific area in New York City on 28th Street, between Broadway and 6th Avenue that, at the turn of the 20th century, was the center of the popular music publishing industry. Many publishing firms were not actually located on that particular block, but, "Tin Pan Alley" was also as much a reference to a music industry district as it was to a music genre (popular music, ragtime – the precursor to what became jazz). T.B. Harms & Francis, Day, & Hunter, Inc. was a Tin Pan Alley firm. Sale to Warner Brothers As silent pictures evolved to talkies, Warner