waters, leading to increased organic carbon burial, black shale deposition, anoxia and mass extinction in the ocean basins. List of oceanic plateaus Campbell Plateau (South Pacific) Challenger Plateau (South Pacific) Agulhas Plateau (Southwest Indian) Caribbean–Colombian Plateau (Caribbean) Exmouth Plateau (Indian) Hikurangi Plateau (Southwest Pacific) Kerguelen Plateau (Indian) Manihiki Plateau (Southwest Pacific) Marquesas Plateau (Southwest Pacific) Mascarene Plateau (Indian) Naturaliste Plateau (Indian) Ontong Java Plateau (Southwest Pacific) Shatsky Rise (North Pacific) Vøring Plateau (North Atlantic) Wrangellia Terrane (Northeast Pacific) Yermak Plateau (Arctic) Mid-ocean ridges A mid-ocean ridge is a general term for an underwater mountain system that consists of various mountain ranges (chains), typically having a valley known as a rift running along its spine, formed by plate tectonics. This type of oceanic ridge is characteristic of what is known as an oceanic spreading center, which is responsible for seafloor spreading. List of mid-ocean ridges Aden Ridge American–Antarctic Ridge Carlsberg Ridge Central Indian Ridge Chile Rise Cocos Ridge East Pacific Rise East Scotia Ridge Explorer Ridge Gakkel Ridge (Mid-Arctic Ridge) Gorda Ridge Juan de Fuca Ridge Knipovich Ridge (between Greenland and Spitsbergen) Kolbeinsey Ridge (North of Iceland) Mid-Atlantic Ridge Mohns Ridge Norfolk Ridge Pacific–Antarctic Ridge Palau–Kyushu Ridge Reykjanes Ridge (south of Iceland) Southeast Indian Ridge Southwest Indian Ridge West Mariana Ridge See also Physical oceanography Bathymetry Challenger Deep Hadal zone List of oceanic landforms List of seamounts by summit depth Seamount Submarine canyon References Further reading External links Lists of landforms Marine geology Abyssal plains Oceanic plateaus Oceanic ridges Oceanic trenches Plate tectonics