A spatial distribution in statistics is the arrangement of a phenomenon across the Earth's surface and a graphical display of such an arrangement is an important tool in geographical and environmental statistics. A graphical display of a spatial distribution may summarize raw data directly or may reflect the outcome of a more sophisticated data analysis. Many different aspects of a phenomenon can be shown in a single graphical display by using a suitable choice of different colours to represent differences. One example of such a display could be observations made to describe the geographic patterns of features, both physical and human across the earth. The information included could be where units of something are, how many units of the thing there are per units of area, and how sparsely or densely packed they are from each other. Patterns of spatial distribution Usually, for a phenomenon that changes in space, there is a pattern that determines the location of the subject of the phenomenon and its intensity or size, in X and Y coordinates. The scientific challenge is trying to identify the variables that affect this pattern. The issue can be demonstrated with several simple examples: The spatial distribution of the human population The spatial distribution of the population and development are closely related to each other, especially in the context of sustainability. The challenges related to the spatial spread of a population include: rapid urbanization and population concentration, rural population, urban management and poverty housing, displaced persons and refugees. Migration is a basic element in the spatial distribution of a population, and it may remain a key driver in the coming decades, especially as an element of urbanization in developing countries. The spatial distribution of economic activity in the world The spatial distribution of the economic activity in the world was examined by mapping the artificial lights at night over 250,000 grid cells, the average area of each of which is 560 square kilometers. It was found that 50% of the variation in this activity can be explained through a system of physical geographic features. The spatial distribution of the seismic intensities of an earthquake The seismic intensityies of an earthquake are distributed across space with an elementary regularity, so that in towns located close to the epicenter of the earthquake, high seismic intensities are observed and vice versa; Low intensities were observed in settlements far from the epicenter. The