several times, but Armstrong would not surrender. He was later shot a second time and succumbed. Shortly after Armstrong's death, Sergeant John Turner surrendered the fort, garrison, and civilians who had taken refuge inside the stockade. The unfortunate sergeant was made an example of by the victors. They tied him to a stake and "after having heated several old gun barrels red-hot, they danced around him, and every minute or two, seared and burned his flesh... After tormenting him almost to death, they scalped him, and then held up a lad, who ended his sufferings by laying open his skull with a hatchet." The death of Turner was due to a personal feud with an Indian whom he had had badly beaten at a previous time. The captives were taken to Fort de Chartres in the Illinois country, where they were ransomed from the Indians by the French officers and local inhabitants. Escorted to New Orleans, they were then repatriated to England and eventually returned to the American colonies. Following orders from the French commander, Fort Granville was burnt by Captain Jacobs, leader of the Delaware participants. The French and Indian raid led to retaliation in the form of the Kittanning Expedition, led by Lt. Armstrong's brother, John Armstrong. See also Province of Pennsylvania References Granville Granville Granville Mifflin County, Pennsylvania Pre-statehood history of Pennsylvania