located at Victorieplein, the Y junction of the three main thoroughfares of the neighborhood. Twaalfverdiepingenhuis was designed by J.F. Staal and completed in 1932. It was the tallest residential building in the city at that time and was nicknamed the Wolkenkrabber ('Skyscraper'). Berlage's plans featured multiple such towers throughout the neighborhood, but only the Twaalfverdiepingenhuis was built. The last major infrastructural project in Berlage's masterplan for the neighborhood to be carried out was the construction of a bridge over the river Amstel. The design of the project was commissioned to Berlage himself. Construction began in 1928 and was completed in 1932. The north side of the bridge symbolizes the enclosing of the city of Amsterdam. Its monumental tower has a four-meter tall ceramic plate designed by Hildo Krop. The plate shows the Genius of Amsterdam as she emerges from the water. The figure is adorned with the golden imperial crown and is illuminated by a shining sun. The southern side of the bridge symbolizes the countryside and the Amstel river as it flows from the south. The bridge provides access to new Plan Zuid neighborhood from the east, but because of its design also serves as a symbolic city gate. It was originally named 'Amstelbrug' but was later renamed 'Berlagebrug' and has acquired national monumental status. Jewish Population and World War II From the 1930s onward, the Jewish population in Rivierenbuurt grew rapidly. The neighborhood was largely populated by middle-class residents, who considered the Rivierenbuurt a step up from the working-class Jodenbuurt (Jewish Neighborhood). The neighborhood also saw an influx of German Jewish refugees fleeing the Nazi regime from 1933 onward. By 1940, about 20% of the Jews in Amsterdam—some 17,000 residents—lived in the Rivierenbuurt. Approximately 13,000 of these would not survive World War II, mostly after being sent to German concentration camps. The most notable Jewish Rivierenbuurt resident was Anne Frank, whose family lived on the Merwedeplein before going into hiding. A statue of Anne stands today in the Merwedeplein park. The invading Nazi army first entered Amsterdam by the Berlagebrug on May 15, 1940. The playground on Gaaspstraat was at first denied to Jewish children as ordered by the German occupiers, then on November 3, 1941 was converted to a market where Jews were required to shop. After mass deportation of Jewish residents was largely complete, the market was closed on August 9, 1943. A bronze sculpture erected