style as "the most difficult version of football possible: an uncompromising passing game, coupled with intense, high pressing." For Honigstein, tiki-taka is "a significant upgrade" of Total Football because it relies on ball movement rather than players switching position. Tiki-taka allowed Spain to "control both the ball and the opponent." At the 2011 Women's World Cup, the Japan women's national football team (Nadeshiko) employed a form of tiki-taka under coach Norio Sasaki. They upset hosts Germany and the United States to win the tournament. Criticism While the tiki-taka style has been praised by several pundits and footballing figures, due to its success and attacking approach, it has also been criticised at times. During Euro 2012, for example, the Spain national side drew criticism in the media for adopting a striker-less formation and a dull brand of tiki-taka, which produced relatively few goals, despite the team dominating possession throughout the tournament, with Spain averaging 63% ball possession during their three group matches; in the lead–up to their final victory, Spain averaged 58 passes per shot, and only 1.8 goals per match, which was 25% lower than the tournament average of 2.4. Journalist Guy Hedgecoe from Iberosphere argued that tiki-taka is not entertaining any more due to the lack of pure strikers in the Spain national team and their use of a false "9" or a midfield player as a forward. This makes the game of football full of midfielders and no strikers or defenders. Hedgecoe claimed, "With no strikers, no defenders…no goalkeeper, perhaps, just 11 technically blessed midfielders merrily passing the ball around until someone walks it into the net". José Mourinho has criticised the Spain national team for using sterile techniques, such as having no strikers and only midfielders. Former Arsenal manager Arsène Wenger had said that the Spain football team had changed their philosophy, becoming less attacking and more negative, saying, "Originally they wanted possession in order to attack and win the game; now it seems to be first and foremost a way not to lose" during Euro 2012, a competition Spain had won. Others believed that the lack of emphasis on the offensive led to fewer goals, and that the team's seemingly endless passing was in fact boring, with Rob Smyth of The Guardian dubbing it "Tiki-takanaccio," a reference to the defensive–minded catenaccio tactical system. In a 2013 interview with La Gazzetta dello Sport, Spain and Barcelona defender