These products have a standard IP network interface (most often Ethernet or a similar LAN interface) to collect IP traffic which is to be forwarded over the uni-directional link on the other end. To optimise the packaging into base-band frames, these devices typically generate complete base-band frames with the GSE packets as payload, which are then transferred to the DVB-S2, DVB-T2 or DVB-C2 modulator through a second interface. Here is a (very likely incomplete) list of GSE en- and decapsulators: Newtec EL470 IP Satellite Modem EL970 IP Satellite Demodulator WORK Microwave GmbH Challenge Series Satellite High Speed DVB-S2 IP Modem SK-IP Tebkom GmbH ODG200 IP/DVB-S2 Encapsulator/Modulator with ACM support Advantech Wireless Inc. AMT 75e DVB-S/S2 High Speed Broadcast Modem Comtech EF Data Corporation CDM-840 Remote Router K.S.Transplaneta Ltd. dpi4502 DVB2 (S2/T2/C2) compliant IPv4 / IPv6 Encapsulator Computer Modules, Inc. DVB Rocket™/S2 Ayecka Communication systems LTD SR1 - Advance DVB-S2 demodulator with hardware based, wire speed, GSE Decapsulator ST1 - Advance DVB-S2 modulator with hardware based, wire speed, GSE encapsulator SM1 - Advance DVB-S2 Modem with hardware based, wire speed, GSE EnCapsulator / DeCapsulator GSE-based IP Service Offerings There are many IP-over-satellite service offerings, including for instance ASTRA2Connect from SES or Tooway from Eutelsat. Little detail is however known about the protocols used since the receivers are provided as part of the service by the operators and very little technical detail is disclosed. References External links Obtain GSE Standard and Guidelines from DVB free of charge DVB Fact Sheet on GSE GSE project home page at ESA Opensource implementation of GSE Television technology Link protocols