(from 1631, English) Port Royal Colony – (1629–1632, Scottish) Rupert's Land – (from 1670) Nova Scotia – (from 1710) Prince Edward Island – (from 1763) Cape Breton – (from 1763) Province of Quebec – (from 1763) British North America – (1783–1907) North-Western Territory – (1783–1870) New Brunswick – (1784–1867) The Canadas (Lower Canada and Upper Canada) – (1791–1841) Columbia District (also referred to as Oregon Country) – (1793–1846) New Caledonia – (1808–1858) Red River Colony – (1811–1870) Province of Canada – (1841–1867) Colony of Vancouver Island – (1849–1866) Colony of the Queen Charlotte Islands – (1853–1863) Colony of British Columbia, a.k.a. the Mainland Colony – (1858–1866) Stickeen Territories – (1862) Colony of British Columbia – (1866–1871) Dominion of Newfoundland – (1907–1949) – List of Hudson's Bay Company trading posts New Spain Spanish colonizers had originally taken the lead in the Pacific Northwest coast, with the voyages of Juan José Pérez Hernández in 1774 and 1775. This was in response to intelligence that the Russians had begun to explore the Pacific Coast of North America, which the Spanish considered part of New Spain. Santa Cruz de Nuca and Fort San Miguel at Nootka Sound – (1789–1795) The first colony in British Columbia and the only Spanish settlement in what is now Canada. Russian America In 1799, Tsar Paul I proclaimed Russian title and established the Russian American Company's trade monopoly and rule in the North Pacific through the creation of Russian America. The stated southward limit of Russian claims was 51 degrees north latitude, roughly that of Cape Scott at the northern tip of Vancouver Island. Though no Russian settlements were established in what is now British Columbia, Russian trade and scientific expeditions frequented the North Coast. Intense tripartite negotiation led to treaties between Russia with the U.S. and Britain in 1824 and 1825, respectively, setting the new southward limit of Russian territories at 54 degrees, 40 minutes north latitude, corresponding with Cape Muzon at the southern tip of Dall Island, at the extreme southwest of what is today the Alaska Panhandle. Dutch claims Established in 1614 by the Dutch West India Company, the colony of New Netherland covered most of what is now New York State. It was created to give the Dutch access to the North American fur trade, and was governed from New Amsterdam (now New York City). The territory officially claimed by the Dutch extended as far