of which the modern Lielupe estuary was formed. The old lower reaches of the river, about long from Vārnu pub to Daugavgrīva, got the name Buļļupe or Buldurupe. Between 1765–1768, there were efforts to dam the new Lielupe bed, but in 1771 it repeatedly broke its way to the same place, creating the so called Jaunupe. At the same time, the current island of Daugavgrīva was created. The Buļļi neighborhood has historically formed on the land of the Buļļi Manor, which was first mentioned in writings in 1495. Initially, there were fishing villages Rītabuļļi (Bullēni) and Vakarbuļļi (Buļļugals) on the land of this manor. In turn, the island names "Rītabuļļi" and "Vakarbuļļi" were given by old fishermen, because in the morning the sun is on the Rītabuļļi side, but in the evening on the Vakarbuļļi side. Buļļi Manor (Bullenhof, Bullenfahr) was manor Daugavgrīva congregation territory. The location of the Buļļi Manor could have been located in the vicinity of the current Rojas Street 1. Buļļi Manor was mentioned in 1617 when the Duke of Courland Wilhelm leased it to his secretary Paul Špankavas, whose rights to this property was also approved by King Gustav Adolf of Sweden in 1621. Later in 1679 captain Spankus sold the property to Lieutenant General Martin Schwulz. At the end of the 17th century, the manor was reduced. The reduced manor was subsequently pledged by the King of Sweden to Herman Vitem von Nordek. In 1716, Prince Peter Gribic (Korribut de Gallizin) leased the manor to the aforementioned Herman von Nordek. In 1770, Buļļi Manor was retained by Herman von Nordek's widow Elizabeth. In 1820, the manor belonged to the heirs of the council advisor von Schultz, but in 1909, the owner was A. Benus (Venus). The Buļļi Manor is depicted in the patrimonial area and in 1688 on the maps of Lielvidzeme. Around the 19th century, Buļļupe became a living river transport highway, because the depth was enough for small river steamers to swim along it. During the first Latvian independence Riga city limits included Pārdaugava areas as well as Daugavgrīva island on the west side of the former Bolderājas rural areas (Buļļumuiža, Buļļuciems) Buļļi was included within the city of Riga. In 1930s–40s (and most of 1960–1987 years) Buļļupe and Lielupe riverbed has had multiple deepenings aimed, firstly, to provide shipping, secondly, getting sand material Riga building needs. As a result, the dredging