in Benghazi, Libya, on the basis of the Westfall Act. Paul Manafort and Rick Gates In October 2017, Jackson was assigned to preside over the criminal case that Special Counsel Robert Mueller brought against Paul Manafort and Rick Gates as part of his investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 election cycle. She accepted their "not guilty" pleas, granted bail, confiscated their passports, and ordered them held under house arrest. She also warned defense lawyers not to discuss the case outside of court. On June 15, 2018, after the prosecution accused Manafort of attempted witness tampering, Jackson revoked his bail and sent him to jail until his upcoming federal trials. On February 23, 2018, Gates pleaded guilty to one count of false statements and one count of conspiracy against the United States. The plea bargain to which Gates agreed included his cooperation with the Mueller investigation. On September 14, 2018, Manafort pleaded guilty to two counts of conspiracy against the United States and his plea bargain similarly included an agreement to cooperate with Mueller's investigation. But on February 13, 2019, Jackson ruled that Manafort had lied to Mueller's office, to the FBI, and to a grand jury after having pleaded guilty regarding his interactions with Konstantin Kilimnik, a man the FBI believed had ties to Russian intelligence agencies. Jackson ruled that the Special Counsel was no longer bound by the original terms of Manafort's plea, which included the prosecution having committed to advocating a sentence reduction for him. Trump pardoned Manafort on December 23, 2020, the same day he pardoned Roger Stone. Alex van der Zwaan On April 3, 2018, Jackson sentenced a former associate of Gates, Dutch attorney Alex van der Zwaan, who practiced in London, to one month in prison and a $20,000 fine. Van der Zwaan had pleaded guilty to a single count of making a false statement to investigators regarding alleged Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections. Upon release he was deported to Holland. In December 2020, Trump pardoned him. Roger Stone In January 2019 Jackson was assigned the case of Roger Stone, who had been an informal advisor to 2016 presidential candidate Donald Trump, after a grand jury had indicted Stone on seven counts including making false statements, obstruction of justice, and witness tampering. On February 15, 2019, Jackson imposed a limited gag order on Stone and his attorneys. On February 18, Stone