also chauvinistic with regards to themselves in juxtaposition to their European colonial counterparts, stating that pre-colonial Africa was superior to the arrival of colonial customs and norms . For example, a letter written in March 1909 states that pre-colonial life was good, whilst its aftermath brought seizures of the natives Darawiish property, unprecedented taxation and other ills: Laws Xeer The two most common themes in the immediate post-Darawiish community of Haysimo regarding xeer laws were either which penalty ensues in cases of murder and marriage. Ali Dhuh was a poet who defected from the Darawiish and subsequently became a literary opponent. Since Dhuh hailed from the Ali Gheri clan of the Dhulbahante, with Ali Gheri being the clan whom founded the Darawiish, his diatribes held extra weight, and also highlighted protocol or cultural customs which appealed to Darawiish. In one of his poetic diatribes he vilifies the Sayyid for being a satyriasist and being incestual: And you covet with fifteen women Like a ram or sheep in heat Being untiring of lust, a lecherous infidel women veiled in shawls habitually visit him verily, Rooha (the Sayid's sister) testified to just how lecherous her brother was Nonetheless, the Darawiish considered explicitness and unequivocality to be preferable to prudishness, as with the line about Axmed Taajir in the poem Gaala-leged, wherein anatomically correct phraseology was used publicly and not considered as an expletive or profanity. Being referred to as "Axmed Taajir" meaning "Ahmed the penis beneficiary" in lyricisms which were promulgated around children, the elderly and throughout wider society shows that Darawiish perception of what constituted fahisha (lewdness) differed extensively from that of the Arab world which was far more prudish. The Nur Ahmed were the Galool Oriye lineage whom hosted the Darawiish bases in Haysimo. Their view on marriage was that a girl's betrothal should only be controlled by her male relatives according to a 1946 las anod district letter which says "man of the Nuur Aḥmad marries a girl of the Nuur Aḥmad he shall pay damages valued at twenty camels to the girl's father. A man guilty of illicit relations with an unmarried girl shall pay five camels in compensation to her father." This also shows that the Darawiish clans viewed males as being in charge of the household, that marriage is among the most important institutions in society and that they did not see adultery as big as