to a sequence of successful coincidences: the quick reaction of the pilot who made an emergency landing, and the doctors in Omsk, who immediately injected Navalny with atropine". German experts came to the conclusion that only Russian special services could have used such a "deadly and complex poison". To create a binary chemical weapon of this kind, a special laboratory is needed; it could not be synthesized by ordinary criminals. The German side rejected the version of Navalny's poisoning by foreign special services, as it would have been "unthinkable" in the conditions of constant surveillance of Navalny by the Russia's Federal Security Service (FSB): "All this allows us to draw only one plausible conclusion: it was the Kremlin who gave the order to get rid of unwanted criticism." A source in the German special services told The New York Times that, according to German experts, Navalny was poisoned by Novichok in the form of a powder dissolved in a liquid, most likely in the tea he drank at the Russian airport. Given that the poison was also found on a bottle from Navalny's hotel room, The New York Times concluded that he could have been poisoned twice. Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe has appointed Jacques Maire as special rapporteur on the poisoning of Navalny. On 13 December 2020, an article from The Sunday Times, quoting anonymous intelligence sources, reported that Navalny had been poisoned a second time while in hospital in Omsk; the prior administration of the antidote atropine in response to the first poisoning is thought to have saved Navalny's life by counteracting the second dose of Novichok. Specialists found Novichok on the politician's underwear and clothes, including on his belt. The poison got on things after intelligence agents entered Navalny's hotel room in Tomsk. Bellingcat and The Insider joint investigation On 14 December 2020, Bellingcat and The Insider, in co-operation with CNN, Der Spiegel and Anti-Corruption Foundation, published a joint investigation implicating agents from Russia's Federal Security Service (FSB) in Navalny's poisoning. The investigation detailed a special unit of the FSB specialising in chemical substances, and the investigators tracked members of the unit using telecom and travel data. The same day, Navalny published a new video and tweeted: "Case closed. I know who tried to kill me. The case concerning my murder attempt is solved. We know the names, we know the job ranks, and we