the Democrat Party (DP) which started a populist approach that socio-economic status is more important for politics than the cultural revolutionaries, in which it resulted in getting more democratic but also started a populist era. CHP was the "government's party", and DP was the "government of the party". In 1960's there was a change in the population; there was migrations, urbanization, and industrialization. The time between 1961 and 1965 is referred as a period when there was no polarization or bias but only small ideological differences. However when CHP was not successful in either 1965 or 1969 elections, to get in more supported position in politics, they stated that they were a center left party. This started a more scientifically termed political polarization as referred to today: it is right vs. left rather than the older definition traditionalist vs. modernist. When in 1969 elections the government's decision was that small parties could not enter the legislature, it meant that there would be no opposition which caused more tension. Since the 1970s, the fragmentation has been a part of electoral politics. In 1969–1970 the student protest begun, followed by 12 March 1971 when the army arrested the anarchist students. After 12 March, the extreme left and right newspapers were closed. But with the 1974 Act of Indemnity, the leftist organizations remerged. In the 1990s the coalition governments and fight for power government had created fragmentations. 2001–Gezi Protests The main belief is that there was no sharp boundaries between groups before the 2002 elections, and that, after the election that elected then-Prime Minister Erdoğan the elections became much more competitive compared to the past. In 2015 the Comparative Study of Electoral System based on the Dalton Index classified Turkey as one of the 38 countries that are most polarized. Another example that supports this is the World Values Survey that suggests in 1990, 40 percent of citizens identified as "centre", while in 2007 this number dropped to 13 percent; and the "extreme" end citizens increased from 12 percent to 24 percent. It is explained as Erdoğan became more authoritative after being elected for the third term, and independent of Erdoğan's behavior, some ideologies in Turkey feel ‘not represented’ due to the high polarization that has prevented other ideologies from entering the assembly as much as needed. While the pro-Erdoğan group of society sees this time period as a period of democratization and