The World Health Organization (WHO) created the Global Commission for the Certification of the Eradication of Poliomyelitis (commonly known as the Global Certification Commission or GCC) in 1995 to independently verify the eradication of wild poliovirus. The GCC certified the worldwide eradication of indigenous wild poliovirus type 2 on 20 September 2015, and wild poliovirus type 3 on 17 October 2019. In addition, five of the six World Health Organization Regions certified their status as free of indigenous transmission of all three serotypes of wild poliovirus (types 1, 2, and 3): Region of the Americas in 1994 Western Pacific in 2000 Europe in 2002 Southeast Asia in 2014 Africa in 2020 Afghanistan and Pakistan are the only remaining polio endemic countries, with polio cases caused by type 1 wild poliovirus reported in 2021. Since 1988, international efforts led by the Global Polio Eradication Initiative have reduced poliomyelitis cases caused by wild poliovirus by over 99.99% using vaccination. History In the 1980s, Rotary International led a successful campaign to end polio in the Americas with support from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) (for technical assistance, including surveillance), Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/World Health Organization (WHO) (for coordination and project management), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) (for vaccine procurement), and other funding partners. Demonstration of the potential for eradication by the Americas supported interest in global polio eradication. In 1988, the World Health Assembly, the governing body of the World Health Organization, approved Resolution WHA41.28, which committed to global eradication of poliomyelitis by the year 2000. By 1993, coordination of global activities on polio eradication by the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) involved 4 spearheading partners led by the WHO Secretariat - WHO, UNICEF, Rotary International, and CDC - and the GPEI received broad support from world leaders, development agencies, and both public and private donors. The list of core GPEI partners expanded to include the Gates Foundation in 2013 and GAVI in 2020. Following the first regional certification of polio eradication in 1994 by the Americas, the WHO convened the first meeting of the Global Certification Commission in Geneva, Switzerland, on 16–17 February 1995. The commission was initially established as a 13-person board and assigned the responsibility of delineating the criterion for the verification and certification of eradication of the wild poliovirus. The GCC certified the global eradication of wild poliovirus type 2 (WPV2) at its 14th meeting