The exclusive economic zone of Canada is the area of the sea in which Canada has special rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources, as prescribed by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Canada's exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is the 7th largest in the world. It is unusual in that its EEZ, covering , is slightly smaller than its territorial waters. The latter generally extend only 12 Nautical miles from the shore, but also include inland marine waters such as Hudson Bay—about across—the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, and the internal waters of the Arctic archipelago. Geography Canada's EEZ is in the Pacific Ocean, Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean, Baffin Bay, Hudson Bay, Labrador Sea, Northwestern Passages, Gulf of St Lawrence, and the Atlantic Ocean. It borders with Alaska (US) to the west, Greenland to the east, and the United States to the south. The fishing grounds in Canada's Atlantic Ocean zone are called the "Grand Banks". They extend beyond in the northern area called the "Nose" and the southern area called the "Tail" of the Grand Banks. The fish habitat outside 200 nmi encompasses , compared to landwards in the limited area. Marine life In 1973, the waters within 200 nautical miles, produced over 90% of the world's marine fish catches of 66 million metric tons, even if they only include 30% of the world's oceans and seas. There are issues with how to manage straddling and migratory fish stocks which are vulnerable for high seas fisheries that operate outside the EEZ. The increase in fish catches within the EEZ and outside cause overfishing and decline of major stock levels. Fish catches by foreign fleets outside Canada's EEZ became a significant problem during the 1980s and 1990s. International agreements were made with most fishing states which placed moratoriums on nearly all traditional Fish stocks. In the mid-1990s a conflict arose about a specific stock between Canada and the European Union. Canadian authorities arrested a vessel from the European Union in the mid-1990s. There was a Canadian initiative to resolve this global problem which gained enough support from other countries for another United Nations Conference. This resulted in a United Nations Convention to straddle the highly migratory fish stocks. It was adopted in 1995, but requires 30 ratifications to be enforced. Another problem is salmon are not protected by UNCLOS from competitive fishing while the