emancipated . Neither law was fully executed and therefore did not free the slaves living in Oklahoma, as Lincoln was scared the pressure put on southern and border states would cause them to secede, and the emancipation of Confederate slaves could only be applied to Union-occupied areas in the South. The laws did, however, put more emphasis on the slavery aspect of the War, evident in the battles fought in Indian territory to preserve their right to hold slaves. Cabin Creek was located by the Texas Road on Indian Territory, becoming the site of two Civil War battles. The road was used by both Union and Confederate forces to supply nearby forts. The first battle was between July 1 and 2, 1863 as Confederate troops aimed to seize a wagon train . Union troops waited until the next day to send infantries across the creek, eventually driving out Confederate forces. On the Union side, the First Kansas Colored Infantry was the first black infantry to fight alongside white soldiers in the Civil War. The second battle, occurring September 19, 1864 consisted of Confederate soldiers capturing 300 wagons, surprising them by attacking at night. The First and Second Cherokee regiments, the First and Second Creek regiments, and the Seminole Battalion fought with the Confederacy, ultimately leading to the successful capture of 130 wagons and 740 mules. The Second Battle of Cabin Creek was the last battle in the Civil War fought on Indian Territory. Reconstruction and post-slavery racism The end of the Civil War had a different impact on each of the Five Nations on the Indian Territory. As part of a series of treaties, in 1866 the federal government required Indian nations to emancipate their slaves. Not all of the nations immediately banned the practice, and the eventual demise of slavery came slowly. Three of the five nations abolished slavery at the end of the Civil War, the Choctaw and Chickasaw nations did not. Nations that governed themselves did not have the immediate need to get rid of slavery, thus causing those two nations to be much slower to remove slavery. It was not until the following year that both nations joined a treaty to abolish slavery. Changes, specifically in the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations, came slowly. Even after the emancipation, the masters were violent and harsh to those previously enslaved to them. Many Native Americans and African Americans struggled