a competing proposal of neuroticism or conscientiousness occupying that role. Graves's work influenced Ken Wilber's integral theory starting no later than 1995, prior to the publication of Spiral Dynamics. By way of Spiral Dynamics, this influence became increasingly prominent during the 2000s, although subsequent changes by Wilber have diverged from Graves in some respects such as truncating the second "tier" of stages to two, contradicting the "six upon six" hypothesis. E-C theory has also influenced, again by way of Spiral Dynamics, developmental metamodernism. Notes References (an early version of the transcription is available online) Stage theories Developmental psychology