service, moving to Denmark, which "remained neutral throughout the hostilities". Chappelow's exemption was challenged by a local military authority, and he was "sent before a tribunal, who could see no reason to grant him exemption for his spiritual and political beliefs". His exemption was rescinded on appeal, after which Chappelow was "then reclaimed for army noncombatant service, which he refused". Chappelow was "arrested only three and a half hours after the time that he should have presented himself", a point as to which he later complained, and was taken to Kingston Barracks, where he was charged with offences including cowardice and treason. He refused to undress for a medical examination, and after being undressed by force, refused to put on a military uniform. A photograph of Chappelow appeared on the cover of the 14 April 1916 edition of the national tabloid newspaper, Daily Sketch, where he was shown being forced to stand in a barrack yard adjacent to a public street, wearing a blanket secured with a belt, likely as punishment for refusing to wear a uniform. One account states: Chappelow was reported to have also "appeared at his court martial in a prison blanket, having spent many weeks without clothes", although another report stated that he appeared in at least one proceeding in khaki. Chappelow's lawyer argued that he was a civilian, and in a certified occupation as a clerk to a government committee, and that he was "willing to do work of national importance outside the provisions of the Military Service Act". Chappelow's case quickly became well-known. Chappelow himself wrote to lawyer Charles P. Sanger, a friend of the pacifist Bertrand Russell, giving "a horrifying description of the physical and psychological abuse to which he was subjected". Russell "took up his case with various influential people", including the scholar Gilbert Murray, who agreed to help. The poet W. B. Yeats also supported the cause, with Russell and Yeats writing to ask the playwright George Bernard Shaw to seek support for Chappelow within the government. Shaw "vainly pressed the case with a Labour member of the Cabinet, Arthur Henderson", but Henderson "declined to take any action". On 27 May 1916, Shaw published an article in a sympathetic magazine, Nation, whose publisher was Shaw's friend Henry William Massingham, "using Chappelow as symbol of the futility of resistance and the equal futility of compliance". Russell noted that conscientious objectors, "including Chappelow