had ornamental supports. Vaults of stone were frequently elaborate and highly decorative such as fan vaulting. The increased weight of the vaults caused by the ornament was countered by larger buttresses on the exterior. Columns were generally circular in section, with octagonal bases and capitals. The capitals were usually decorated with moulded or carved oak leaves, or with corbels of shields or armorial symbols, or with the Tudor rose. Fourth-centred arches or Tudor arches were commonly used in windows and tracery and for vaults and doorways. The interiors had very rich carved woodwork, particularly in the choir stalls, which often featured carved grotesque figures on the bench ends called "poppy heads", from . Gallery References Bibliography Ducher, Robert, Caractéristique des Styles, (1988), Flammarion, Paris (in French); English Gothic architecture Gothic architecture in England Gothic architecture in the United Kingdom 14th-century architecture 15th-century architecture 16th-century architecture England in the High Middle Ages Architecture in England Gothic architecture