improve students' understanding of physics, Gunstone and his co-authors, Brian McKittrick and Pamela Mulhall explain the method and applications of a technique called Conceptual Understanding Procedure (CUP) for facilitating a student's comprehension of difficult physics concepts. Gunstone and Loughran's research about the impact of self-study in teaching and research in 1996 used a longitudinal school based professional development program designed for science teachers to study about the various perspectives about self-study in teaching and research. They discussed self-study as being personal and collaborative as compared to being related with teaching and research. Research about the views of physics teachers regarding learning and various approaches to teaching physics was conducted in 2012 by Gunstone with Pamela Mulhall to address the decline of student interest about physics and science related subjects. This research adds further to the prior work on classification of teachers based on the traditional and the conceptual change teaching approaches used. The study concluded that the views of teachers who promoted conceptual change were constructivist while the teachers that supported the traditional, transmission method of teaching were of the absorptionist views. Again working with colleagues, including Jeff Northfield, he has developed research-based structures for and approaches to the pre-service education and in-service education of science teachers that have had impact in many countries. Gunstone was awarded the 'Distinguished Contributions to Research' award for his research about science learning and teaching and teacher education. Awards and honors 1991 - JRST Award for Most Outstanding Paper, Journal of Research in Science Teaching 2002 - Life Membership, Science Teachers' Association of Victoria 2003 - Fellowship, Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia 2014 - "Distinguished Contributions to Research" award, National Association for Research in Science Teaching Bibliography Selected books Probing Understanding (1992), with Richard T. White. The Content of Science: A Constructivist Approach to Its Teaching and Learning (1994), with Peter J. Fensham and Richard T. White Encyclopedia of Science Education (2015). Gunstone is the editor of this encyclopaedia. Selected articles Gunstone, R.F., & White, R.T. (1981). Understanding of gravity-related phenomena. Problem Solving, 2 (12), 4–8. Fensham, P.J., Gunstone, R.F. & White, R.T. (Eds). (1994/2013). The content of science: A constructivist approach to its teaching and learning. London: Falmer Press/London: Taylor & Francis. (xii + 278 pp.) Gunstone, R.F. (1990). Reconstructing theory from practical experience. In B. Woolnough (Ed.), Practical Science. Milton Keynes: Open University Press, 67–77. White, R.T., & Gunstone, R.F.