known, 60 % were men. The Baltic witch trials were normally against only one or at the most four people at the same time, and large trials, such as the Paide witch trials with nine accused in 1615, was rare. A difficulty in the research of Baltic witch trials was the fact the peasantry was under the serfdom of the nobility and any crime committed by a peasant was thereby under the private jurisdiction of the local landlord, who could conduct a private trial on his or her estate. The German Baltic landlords seldom documented and preserved any protocol over the witch trials they conducted on their estates, and the result is the majority of the Baltic witch trials are those conducted in the cities during the 17th-century. Of those witch trials were documentation is preserved, 140 are known in Estonia between 1520 and 1725. Of those witchcraft executions were documentation are preserved, 65 were conducted between 1610 and 1650, of which 29 were women and 26 men. The end Torture was finally banned in Livonia in 1686 and in Estonia in 1699. The perhaps last executions for witchcraft were the three people executed in a witch trial in Dorpat in 1699, the last of whom were Tattra Santi Michel. A witch trial was conducted in Dorpat in 1723, resulting in a death sentence for Wilo Ado of Valguta in Ranno, but the sentence was transformed to a prison sentence. In 1816, the farmer Jakob was whipped and four accomplices, among them "Anna wife of Vana-Harm" was reprimanded for having claimed to be able to trace thieves by use of sorcery. See also Witch trials in the early modern period References Establishments in the State of the Teutonic Order 1723 disestablishments in Europe Early Modern law Early Modern politics Legal history of Estonia Legal history of Latvia Political history of Estonia Social history of Estonia Trials in Estonia Witch trials in Europe 16th century in Estonia 17th century in Estonia History of Livonia Persecution of Pagans