poison in a human body weighing 70 kg), and the detection of these byproducts can unambiguously identify the original poisonous substance. The German laboratory of the Bundeswehr, which analyzed Navalny's samples, had such equipment. A group of six leading Western experts in the field of toxicology and chemical weapons, in an interview with the BBC Russian Service, commented that prompt medical assistance saved Navalny's life: he was given the antidote atropine (perhaps preventively) and breathing support. Scientists explained that there were no other victims of Navalny's poisoning since only Navalny received a high dose of the poisonous substance and was in prolonged contact with it. Experts also said that it is impossible to find the components necessary for the manufacture of Novichok on the market (some components themselves fall under the ban under the Chemical Weapons Convention), and only military laboratories can produce such poisons, since this requires special equipment and special security conditions. In November 2021, a statement was published by 55 states parties to the OPCW that condemned the use by a "toxic chemical as a weapon" against Navalny, confirmed presence of cholinease inhibitors consistent with the "Novichok" series and urged Russia to provide answers to OPCW questions, to which Russia did not provide answers since 2020. Reactions The news of Navalny's poisoning caused the ruble to fall against the dollar and the euro. On 20 August, UN spokesman Stéphane Dujarric expressed concern about Navalny's "sudden illness". U.S. President Donald Trump said the U.S. is monitoring reports of the leader of the Russian opposition. U.S. National Security Advisor Robert O'Brien said that reports of the possible poisoning of Navalny were causing "extreme concern" in Washington. On 21 August, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights said it expects Navalny to receive proper medical attention. The German government announced that there were serious grounds to suspect that poisoning had taken place, and called on to provide Navalny with any medical assistance that could save him. The head of the European Council Charles Michel expressed concern about the state of Navalny. French President Emmanuel Macron stated that France was ready to offer "all necessary assistance ... in terms of health care, asylum, protection" to Navalny and his family and demanded clarity on the circumstances surrounding the incident. German Chancellor Angela Merkel also offered any medical assistance necessary in German hospitals. Amnesty International called for an investigation