changes in the relatively recent past, but how they affect Okinawan kundoku reading is not clear from historical sources. Higa Shunchō (1883–1977), a historian from a samurai lineage, recorded Classical Chinese education of his father's days. According to Higa, there were two varieties of kundoku: gōon kundoku and kaion kundoku. Gōon kundoku was obtained by applying the rules of regular sound correspondences and thus reflected Okinawan sounds while kaion kundoku is standard Japanese reading. Higa cited a famous passage of the Analects as an example: Original text: 有朋自遠方來不亦樂乎 gōon kundoku: tumu ari 'inpō yui chitaru, mata tanushikarazu ya kaion kundoku: tomo ari enpō yori kitaru, mata tanoshikarazu ya The students of Kumemura and would-be interpreters were taught chokudoku and gōon kundoku. The rest of the students started with gōon kundoku and then proceeded to kaion kundoku. Recalling the years of his childhood, Iha Fuyū (1876–1947) also mentioned gōon kundoku but he referred to it as shima kaigō and stated that it had attracted scorn. Higa Shunchō recalled that although his father had been unable to speak Modern Standard Japanese, he had fully comprehended orally realized written-style Japanese. Iha Fuyū found that kaion kundoku training enabled him to smoothly adapt to Modern Standard Written Japanese, which originated from kanbun kundoku-style Written Japanese. Notes See also List of Cultural Properties of Japan - writings (Okinawa) Kaidā glyphs Culture in Okinawa Prefecture Japanese literature Japanese writing system