Afghanistan as very high risk based on overall risk of hazards, low socio-economic status and limited coping mechanisms and infrastructure. Many international humanitarian actors maintain a constant presence in Afghanistan and were prepared to respond, along with ANDMA, to the floods throughout the 2020 flooding season. Prior to the beginning of the 2020 flood season, OCHA produced the Afghanistan ICCT Flood Contingency Plan which predicted flooding in 2020 to return to typical levels after the preceding three years of drought. However, the report also recognized that the effects of climate change are likely to lead to increased frequency and intensity of severe natural weather events, including floods and that this would likely generate increased humanitarian need. Immediately after the most severe flood event of 26 August 2020, numerous international aid organizations were on the ground in the most severely affected Parwan province and began assisting ANDMA with assessments of the damage and loss of life. The actors present were International Organization for Migration (IOM), WFP, Danish Committee for Aid to Afghan Refugees (DCAAR), Danish Refugee Council (DRC), CARE International and ARCS. By 8 September 2020, OCHA reported that the humanitarian actors had distributed non-food items (NFIs), tents, emergency shelters, cash for food and hygiene kits to 892 families. IOM also reported that NFIs, shelter, cash for food and hygiene kits were distributed by various international organizations and ANDMA to an additional 1884 families in the central region, 9 families in the eastern region and, 48 families in the southeast region. Immediate mortality and morbidity implications The August 2020 flood in Afghanistan was the third deadliest natural disaster of 2020, worldwide. The flash flood resulted in initial reports of 145 deaths along with 167 seriously injured as of 29 August 2020. These numbers increased to 179 deaths and 212 seriously injured on 22 September 2020, 157 of the deaths were reported in Parwan Province alone. Injuries and causes of death were mostly from sources connected to head trauma, drowning and electrocution. A local hospital in Parwan was destroyed in the disaster, further complicating treating the injured in the most affected province. The context of the flash flood, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, along with civil conflict created an environment for further potential mortality and morbidity implications. During the search and rescue efforts following the flood the Taliban opened fire on civilians killing 4 flood survivors and injuring 3 others.