tactics by lumber companies. In 1976, he began working for the ALZA Corporation, a pharmaceutical company. At ALZA, he oversaw the "highly unusual" and "revolutionary" decision in 1987 to require women to sign an informed consent form to receive their IUD "Progestasert". In 1987, The Washington Post noted that ALZA was "the only pharmaceutical manufacturer to try to make informed consent a condition for use of a marketed prescription product". For several years starting in January 1986, ALZA manufactured the only IUDs available for sale in the US. In 1990, he left his position as executive vice president of ALZA to pursue nonprofit work. In 1993, he testified before the United States House Committee on Small Business, in which he stated that "uncontrolled population growth is the most serious threat there is to the environment, to international stability, and to economic well-being". He noted that reproductive research in the US was underfunded, and provided guidance on what the role of the federal government should be regarding reproductive research. He was also executive director of Stanford University Medical Center and visiting scholar at the Center for Biomedical Ethics at Stanford. In 2001, he was selected to fill a vacancy on the district board of the Menlo Park Fire District. He was elected to the board three times and appointed once more, becoming the longest-serving board member in the history of the fire district. He stepped down from the board in 2018 after not running for reelection. Philanthropy Carpenter has had leadership positions with a variety of non-profit, cultural, and research organizations. In 1991, he founded the Mission and Values Institute. He has been on the board of directors for the publishing company Annual Reviews since 1994. From 1985–1991, he was director of the American Foundation for AIDS Research. From 1997 to 2009, he was on the board of directors of the Village Enterprise Fund. In 2006, he became director of the humanitarian organization InSTEDD. He and his wife Jane Shaw have supported several education initiatives in California, Tanzania, and Bhutan. Personal life Carpenter is married to Jane Shaw Carpenter, also a former business executive at ALZA and co-inventor of the scopolamine transdermal patch to treat motion sickness. They have one son, Jonathan Carpenter. Around 2001, he was diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and he has stated that he was first veteran to be granted benefits by United States Department of