Woman: Dependent or Independent Variable? with Florence Denmark and authored the volume Sex-Role Stereotypes Revisited: Psychological Approaches to Women's Studies, which provided a ground-breaking introduction to the psychology of women and sex-role stereotypes. Unger considered herself an empirical psychologist and focused her research efforts on addressing social problems. She critiqued the constructs of sex and gender and how they were used in research and drew attention to how research methods represent and replicate specific world views. In a seminal paper titled Toward a redefinition of sex and gender, Unger aimed to redefine the terms sex and gender in psychological research by defining sex as a stimulus variable and gender as a collection of characteristics and traits deemed appropriate to males and females. Her emphasis on terminology allowed researchers to focus on sociocultural and environmental factors (e.g., family structure, race-ethnicity, religion) that contribute to, and provide explanations for, differences often presumed to have biological origins. Books Unger, R. K. (1975). Sex-role Stereotypes Revisited: Psychological Approaches to Women's Studies. Harper & Row. Unger, R. K. (1979). Female and male: Psychological perspectives. Harper & Row. Unger, R. K. (1989). Representations: Social constructions of gender. Baywood. Unger, R. K. (1998). Resisting gender: Twenty-five years of feminist psychology. Sage Publications Ltd. Unger, R. K. (Ed.). (2004). Handbook of the psychology of women and gender. John Wiley & Sons. Unger, R. K., & Denmark, F. (1975). Woman, Dependent or Independent Variable? Psychological Dimensions. Crawford, M. E., & Unger, R. K. (Eds.). (2001). In our own words: Writings from women's lives. McGraw-Hill. Crawford, M., & Unger, R. K. (2004). Women and gender: A feminist psychology (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill. O’Leary, V., Unger, R. K., & Wallston, B. S. (Eds.). (1985). Women, gender, and social psychology. Erlbaum. References External links Social Psychology Network profile Psychology's Feminist Voices profile American women psychologists Radcliffe College alumni Women social scientists Feminist psychologists American social justice activists Montclair State University faculty Brandeis University faculty Brooklyn College alumni Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni 1939 births 2019 deaths