in simple earthen pits smeared with clay. Because this led to resin contamination, the "Grandl" or Scrap Method was eventually developed. When using this method, the Resin Worker would create a recess -- which was called a "Scrap" -- out of the wood near the ground with a hoe. This Scrap became the new site of resin collection. Since this new resin container had to be smooth and clean, the Scrap was smoothed with a narrower, rounded hoe (called the "moon" or "scrap" hoe). The resulting wood chips from this process were removed via the use of a pointed stick -- referred to as the "Rowisch" -- which at the same time served as a counting tool: after each new scrap was cut, the Resin Worker would carve an indentation into the stick so that the number of trees that had been extracted was always known. With the "Adze," which later became the guild symbol of the Pecherei profession, and with a hoe, the Resin Worker subsequently removed the bark from the tree trunk. In order to be able to direct the resin flow into the resin-collection area (the Scrap), pitch notches had to be inserted across the trunk. About three times every two weeks, from spring to early autumn, de-barking was the oldest working method. The Resin Worker removed the bark piece-by-piece with a special de-barking Adze down to the trunk so that the surface free from bark continued to grow and the resin flow remained upright. Depending on its size, a Scrap could take up between 0.25 and 0.35 kg of pitch. A tree worked in this way could provide pitch for 12 to 18 years of resin extraction. The Beer Mug Method In the inter-war period, the transition from the "Scrap" to the "Beer Mug" method began, in which pitch mugs were used for the resin collection. To do this, the bark of new pitch trees, called the "Heurigen", had to be trimmed from the ground up with a hoe. During this process, the bark was removed from about a third of the circumference of the trunk first with an axe and then with the Rintler (which is essentially a scraper) so that a V-shaped demarcation was created. Then, the Resin Worker had to create an elongated recess on the sides of the tree trunk to accommodate the pitch notches, chopping and pulling them in. Just below