printed pamphlets about the Popish Plot and Shaftesbury's treasonous text Speech Lately Made by a Noble Peer, consequently being forced to flee with his family to Rotterdam. By 1683, Ann Smith and her husband had also fled to the Netherlands and they were living with Argyll in Utrecht. Together, they visited John Cochrane, another Scottish exile who was living in Cleves. Cochrane joined the conspirators. A profile written for the English government described Ann Smith as "a great fomentor of plots". After the death of her husband in 1684, Smith inherited his wealth and she quickly gave £7,000 (equivalent to £ in ) to Argyll to fund his revolt. The rising in Scotland was designed to occur at the same time as the Monmouth Rebellion in the south of England, but Argyll began with a force of just 300 men and never engaged the expected numbers of men for his cause. James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth was also in exile in the Netherlands, living on an annuity of £6,000 (equivalent to £ in ) given to him by the Governor-general of the Netherlands, the Marquis of Savona. In January 1685, various English exiles met in Utrecht to discuss revolutionary plans and in February Monmouth met Argyll in Amsterdam, deciding upon the plan to invade England from both north and south. In addition to her financial support of Argyll, Smith gave £1,000 (equivalent to £ in ) to Monmouth so that he could hire a ship to sail to Lyme Regis. During the uprising, Smith remained in the Netherlands; her son joined Monmouth and it is not known if he survived. Ferguson visited Smith to tell her that both uprisings had failed and Argyll wrote from prison to apologise that her name had been mentioned at his trial. By July 1685, both Argyll and Monmouth had been executed for treason. Smith also gave shelter to Elizabeth Gaunt in Amsterdam in the spring of 1685, before Gaunt's trial in London and eventual death through being burnt alive on 23 October 1685. During the religious turmoil of the 1680s, Smith is one of around twelve women (alongside Gaunt) known to have been active in the support of revolutionary politics. She received a royal pardon in 1686 and nothing else is known about her life afterwards. References English women activists 17th-century Baptists People from Battersea Monmouth Rebellion Recipients of English royal pardons 17th-century