citizenship education and (ii) education for sustainable development, including gender equality and human rights, are mainstreamed at all levels in (a) national education policies; (b) curricula; (c) Teacher education; and (d) student assessment" There is currently no data available for this indicator. The Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) has proposed a SDG Global Monitoring Indicators arranged for SDG 4.7 to calculate the percentage of girls and boys achieving proficiency in literacy and mathematics, by the end of lower secondary schooling cycle based on national benchmarks. This indicator can be used to compare across countries and see the improvements from previous years. Education plays an important role in improving the human capital of the labor force and it “is considered as an important determinant of sustainable economic growth”. While organizations around the world are putting efforts to achieve this goal, some critics suggest the UN Decade might seem too ideal. Some scholars also pointed out that although higher educational institutions are striving for sustainable development, they are still on their early stage. Target 4.a: Build and upgrade inclusive and safe schools The full title of this target is: "Build and upgrade education facilities that are child, disability and gender sensitive and provide safe, non-violent, inclusive and effective learning environments for all." This target has one indicator: Indicator 4.a.1 is the "Proportion of schools with access to (a) electricity; (b) the Internet for pedagogical purposes; (c) computers for pedagogical purposes; (d) adapted infrastructure and materials for students with disabilities; (e) basic drinking water; (f) single-sex basic sanitation facilities; and (g) basic hand-washing facilities (as per the WASH indicator definitions)" Target 4.b: Expand higher education scholarships for developing countries The full title of this target is: "By 2020, substantially expand globally the number of scholarships available to developing countries, in particular least developed countries, small island developing States and African countries, for enrollment in higher education, including vocational training and information and communications technology, technical, engineering and scientific programs, in developed countries and other developing countries." This target has one indicator: Indicator 4.b.1 is "Volume of official development assistance (ODA) flows for scholarships" ODA for scholarships amounted to $1.6 billion in 2018, up from $1.3 billion in 2017. Target 4.c: Increase the supply of qualified teachers in developing countries The full title of this target is: "By 2030, substantially increase the supply of qualified teachers, including through international cooperation for Teacher training in