Micaelamys namaquensis. Otomys irroratus does not appear to pollinate the flowers. Despite the rodent pollination, when researchers placed the plants in wire mesh cages to exclude rodents and birds but allow access to insects, the plants were still able to set seed in appreciable amounts, something which was not the case when insects were excluded as well, indicating rodents are usually only partially responsible for pollinating this species. Uses It keeps well as a cut flower. Horticulture Although Protea nana is a fast-growing and handsome species, it is a short-lived and difficult plant to cultivate under ordinary garden conditions. It is best grown in tall containers, on slopes, raised embankments, or in rock gardens to better enjoy the nodding flower heads. In cultivation it is best grown in heavy, low nutrient, but well-drained soils. It is best propagated by seed, but top cuttings can root when applied with growth hormones and kept for a few months in a well-drained substrate with ground heating. Seeds sprout best in a well-drained, coarse, sandy, acidic, sterile soil. Seeds start to germinate after some six weeks. Young plants are best grown out in a shade house. The plants can be lightly pruned to encourage branching and produce more flowers. The plants are sensitive to high levels of phosphates in normal fertilizer. Root fungi such as Phytophthora or Armillaria can be deadly. Conservation The population of this species is believed to be stable, and the South African National Biodiversity Institute has assessed the conservation status of the species as 'least concern' since 2009. It grows fairly abundantly in protected areas. Gallery References nana Flora of South Africa