a rendezvous with the forger and criminal, Abraham Rajchmann, at the Café de la Paix in Paris, He was betrayed by Trepper. He was imprisoned in Fresnes Prison and tortured by the Gestapo, as they had been told by captured Soviet agent, Anatoly Gurevich, that he knew the code that was used to encrypt communications between the espionage group and Soviet intelligence. However, he refused to divulge the secret. It is unknown whether Grossvogel was executed as other members of the Red Orchestra were, or that he survived the war (sources vary). It was likely he was still alive during the allied invasion however it is equally likely he was secretly tried and convicted by a Luftwaffe court and then executed, either in Fresnes prison, or more likely taken to Germany in 1944 or 1945. His wife, Jeanne Grossvogel, was arrested on 25 November 1942 and executed in July 1943 in Plötzensee Prison. Awards and honours The Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation has a document that attest that Grossvogel was awarded diplomas for acts of resistance during the war. These were 1945 Croix de Guerre 1940 with palm 1945 Knight's Cross of the Order of Leopold II with palm 1949 Cross of the Order of the Resistance 1940-1944 1957 Commemorative War Medal 1940-1945 1957 Medal of Resistance References 1904 births 1940s deaths Date of death unknown Red Orchestra (espionage) Jews in the German resistance Businesspeople from Łódź World War II spies for the Soviet Union Polish emigrants to Belgium Polish people executed by Nazi Germany