mobs attacked African American neighborhoods. In some cases, black community groups resisted the attacks, especially in Chicago and Washington, D.C. Most deaths occurred in rural areas during events like the Elaine Race Riot in Arkansas, where an estimated 100 to 240 black people and five white people were killed. Also in 1919 were the Chicago Race Riot and Washington D.C. race riot which killed 38 and 39 people respectively, and with both having many more non-fatal injuries and extensive property damage reaching up into the millions of dollars. 100-year remembrance On July 7, 2020, a group of about 20—which included descendants of Scott Arthur (1836–1937) and Violet Arthur (née Charles; 1860–1951), parents of the Arthur brothers, and descendants of the Hodges—while donning face masks and maintaining social distancing for protection against COVID-19, met for the first time in a remembrance ceremony at the Red River Valley Veterans Memorial in Paris. On the Arthur family side, attendees included Janese Walton-Roberts, , grandniece of Herman and Ervie Arthur, and great–granddaughter of Scott and Violet Arthur—by way of Mary Lee Arthur (1905–1977) (her grandmother and one of Herman and Arvie's seven sisters) and Mary Lue Sims (1932–2001) (her mother) (nephew and nieces of Herman and Ervie Arthur). On the Hodges family side, attendees included Melinda Watters, great-granddaughter of Vinckley Meadows Hodges (1881–1948), one of John H. Hodges' five children. The Remembrance was the idea of Watters. The 2020 COVID crisis kept away most Paris residents due to fears of the disease and social distancing restrictions. Although Walton-Roberts grew up in Chicago she now lives in Killeen, Texas. She was reported as saying, "If anything comes out of this, then it was worth it to go back". Walton-Roberts didn't know of any descendants of the Hodges family until she stumbled across a letter written by a Hodges descendant who apologized for her family's role in the Walton-Roberts noted, "The city never offered any type of apology ... I appreciate it because her letter was something that needed to happen." According to the Chicago Tribune, as of 2020 there are three living grandchildren of Scott and Violet Arthur—by way of their mother, Mary Lee Arthur: Rufus Arthur Sims, , of Chicago's West Side; Dorothy Williams, , of Country Club Hills, a Chicago suburb, and Annie Violet Sims, , of Atlanta. None of the three were able to attend. But Rufus, reflecting on the 100-year remembrance,