Racism in the wine industry has resulted in low participation in the industry by Blacks. Background Racism in the wine industry has been a topic of discussion within the industry at least as early as 2018, when Julia Coney wrote an open letter to Karen MacNeil and the wine industry entitled Your Wine Glass Ceiling is My Wine Glass Box in response to an article MacNeil had written for SOMM journal which discussed the lack of women in the wine industry and highlighted dozens of female wine professionals, none of whom were women of color. Sommelier Ashtin Berry said that the industry was both racist and classist. In June 2020, during the 2020 United States racial injustice reckoning sparked by the George Floyd protests, wine writer Dorothy Gaiter wrote an opinion piece on SevenFifty Daily, a wine industry news site. Economist Karl Storchmann posted data from the American Association of Wine Economists that the US wine industry overwhelmingly supported Donald Trump. Jancis Robinson wrote a piece for the Financial Times, Too White Wine, discussing the industry's racism. Other Black wine professionals called out racism in the industry. According to Coney, "One of the problems is that most wine is not marketed to people who look like us. We have to change the perception of what a wine drinker looks like.” Representation within the industry Winemaker Phil Long, president of the Association of African American Vintners (AAAV), in 2020 estimated that "About 1 percent of 1 percent of all winemakers are Black." He said that in 2020 there were "a few dozen" who were both the winemaker and the brand owner. Bloomberg estimated .1% of US winemakers and brand owners are Black. A 2019 survey by SevenFifty of 3100 industry professionals found that only 2% identify as Black. The Washington Post pointed out that: In South Africa, there are approximately 60 Black-owned wine brands representing 3% of the country's wine industry, although the 2011 census figures showed 90% of the country identifies as Black African or Coloured. Microaggressions Black wine professionals have reported experiencing microaggressions from others in the industry and other wine consumers. Coney has said that in restaurants, servers and sommeliers will "steer her to cheaper wines or sweeter choices that fit their stereotype of what she might enjoy." She has related stories of pours at tastings being smaller for her than for white men and of being followed