Oloan Hutapea, also known as B. O. Hutapea (born 1920s?, died in Blitar area in 1968), was a high-ranking member of the Indonesian Communist Party and one of its major theoreticians during the height of its power, and was leader of a clandestine wing of the party in 1967-8 during the Transition to the New Order. Biography Early life His full name was Bismarck Oloan Hutapea, which he shortened to B.O. Hutapea as his pen name later in life. Little has been published about his early life aside from the fact that he had been a cadet in the Dutch Navy at Surabaya. T.B. Simatupang, chief of staff of the Indonesian Armed Forces from 1950 to 1953, knew Hutapea while studying in Batavia during 1937-40 and again later during the Japanese occupation. He was also from a Batak background, and noted in his memoir that most Bataks in Batavia knew each other at that time. Among his friends in the Batak youth in Batavia, Simatupang listed Hutapea, as well as Josef Simanjutak, another future communist party propagandist, and Lintong Mulia Sitorus, future Indonesian Socialist Party secretary general. During the Japanese occupation of Indonesia, Simatupang rented a house with Sitorus and Hutapea in the Tanah Tinggi district of Batavia. He notes that other Batak youth called them De Drie Musketiers, that they were often together attending lectures by people such as Sutan Sjahrir and collecting books about independence movements in other countries. He takes credit for introducing Hutapea to communism during this time, as he lent him a copy of "Soviet Communism: A new civilisation?" by Sidney Webb and Beatrice Webb, which he says converted Hutapea to the cause. Simatupang notes that, at that time he and Sitorus disagreed with Hutapea, but that it did not cause a rift in their friendship until later, and that at that time they were also good friends with D.N. Aidit, future communist party leader. Communist party In the late 1940s and early 1950s Hutapea emerged as a close ally of Aidit as the party rebuilt its organization which was still in shambles after the 1948 Madiun Affair. Among the new generation of communists who came to Jakarta in 1949 after the old guard was imprisoned, Lukman and Sudisman arrived, followed shortly after by Njoto and Hutapea from East Java. In February 1950 Hutapea and Peris Pardede were sent by the party to Sumatra to