St. James School, a Catholic school, in Torrance, California in the 2013 school year. In May 2014, Biel learned she had breast cancer and informed the administration of the need to stop teaching to undergo therapy. She was kept on contract through the rest of the school year, but the school did not renew her contract for the 2014 school year based on "classroom managements". Biel filed notice with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), believing her termination violated the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), and the EEOC gave her authorization to sue the school in the United States District Court for the Central District of California. The District Court issued summary judgement for St. James on the basis that Biel's position fell into that covered by Hosanna-Tabor as ministerial and thus immune from discrimination laws. Biel appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, which reversed the District Court's ruling. The Ninth compared Biel's situation to that from Hosanna-Tabor and found that while there were similar religious duties involved in both cases, Biel's position was more akin to teaching from a book than ministerial using the four considerations Roberts listed in Hosanna-Tabor, and thus Biel's position was covered by federal discrimination laws. An en banc request by St. James to the full Ninth Circuit was denied. Biel since died from her cancer, but her case continued to be handled her husband representing her estate. In the case background of Our Lady of Guadalupe School v. Morrissey-Berru, Agnes Morrissey-Berru was a teacher at Our Lady of Guadalupe School in Hermosa Beach, California, a Catholic school. Due to dwindling enrollment and funds, more pressure had been put on the teaching staff starting in the 2012 school year, expecting them to become certified in catechist teaching and adapting certain programs in classes to maintain their Catholic teaching approach, which Morrissey-Berru failed to do as she was not a practicing Catholic. After transitioning her to a part-time position in the 2014 school year to try to amend the situation, the school opted to not renew her contract in 2015 on the basis of her teaching performance. Morrissey-Berru engaged with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to file a complaint against the school, asserting that she had been terminated unfairly on the basis of her age, under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA). The Central District of