sensationalism and reports of "startling discoveries" given at the London and Paris congresses. The main focus was on the influence of housing conditions in the spread of the disease. Some papers: Professor Irving Fisher of Yale University talked on Some Economic Aspects of Tuberculosis, which was causing 164 deaths per 100,000 of the population in the United States. 138,000 had died in 1906. Iyo Araki presented a report about tuberculosis in Japan. Dr. E.C. Schroeder of the Department of Agrigulture, Washington read a paper on Tubercle Bacilli in Cow's Faeces. He found that apparently healthy cows could expel the lethal bacilli in their faeces, and that commercial milk was often contaminated with cow faeces. Dr. Alfred F. Hess of New York reported on Tubercle Bacilli in New York Milk. He found tuberculosis in 16% of samples. Dr. Aldred Scott Warthin of Michigan discussed Placental Transmission of Tuberculosis, and stated that a mother could easily pass tuberculosis to the fetus. This might be more common than generally thought. Dr. Ladislaus Detre of Budapest described his method of producing a differential cutaneous reaction for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Several doctors reported on racial differences in susceptibility to tuberculosis. Dr. M. Fishberg of New York said that the mortality of Jews from tuberculosis was about half that of Christians despite often living in unhealthy slums, perhaps because they had adapted to city life over 2,000 years. Dr. Antonio Stella noted that tuberculosis among Italians was more common in the United States than on Italy. The Irish and the Negroes also had high prevalence, perhaps due to racial factors among the Irish but more to the environment and insanitary habits among the Negroes. 1912 congress (Rome) The 7th International Congress on Tuberculosis was held in Rome, Italy, on 14–20 April 1912. Robert William Philip of the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh told the congress, Notes Citations Sources 19th-century conferences 20th-century conferences Medical conferences Tuberculosis