director and screenwriter. He is accredited with launching the careers of actors such as Suzanne Marwille, Alois Sedláček and Jan W. Speerger. Many of his earlier films were adaptations of literary works by the likes of Alexander Pushkin with Krasavice Káťa in 1919, and Jakub Arbes with Sivooký démon, Růžena Svobodová with Černí myslivci and Knut Hamsun with Poslední radost, all in 1921. In 1920, Binovec made For the Freedom of the Nation (Za svobodu národa), a romantic war drama starring V. Ch. Vladimírov and Suzanne Marwille, which follows the exploits of a student who is drafted into the Austro-Hungarian army during World War I and switches allegiance to the Russians. Several leading Czech politicians of the period made cameo appearances as themselves in the film, including Karel Kramář. Films such as Plameny života (1920) and Děvče z Podskalí (1922) fared particularly well commercially. Binovec made four appearances as an actor in his silent films, including A vásen vítezí (1918), Sivooký démon (1919), Titimekuv náhrdelník (1920). The economic crisis in Czechoslovakia curbed his filmmaking opportunities in his native country, forcing him to move to Berlin, where he set up a film school in 1924 and resumed with his production company Wetebfilm. From 1926 until 1931 he also ventured into the film rental business, establishing Lyrafilm. Binovec was the chairman of the Czechoslovak Film Union from 1933 until 1939, the vice-chairman of the Bohemian-Moravian Film Headquarters from 1939 to 1941 and held numerous other film organizational positions. Many of his films of the 1930s were sentimental comedies or melodramas such as Pepina Rejholcová (1932), Žena, která ví, co chce (1934) and Polibek ve sněhu. With the exception of his film adaptations of plays such as František Langer's Jízdní hlídka (The Riding Patrol) (1936), the drama Poručík Alexandr Rjepkin (Lieutenant Alexander Rjepkin) (1937) and Jan Drda's novel Městečko na dlani (The Town on the Palm) (1942), most of the 17 sound films he made were not of high quality. In 1940 he made Madla zpívá Evrope with singer-actress Zdenka Sulanová. World War II and later life During World War II, Binovec collaborated with the Nazis, and was implicated with the arrest of Karel Hašler by the Gestapo, who later died in Mauthausen concentration camp. In 1945, Binovec was arrested and tried for war crimes between 1946 and 1948. Though sentenced to three years imprisonment, he was discharged on November 7, 1949 and