The Bertelsmann Transformation Index (BTI) is a measure of the development status and governance of political and economic transformation processes in developing and transition countries around the world. The BTI has been published biennially by the Bertelsmann Stiftung since 2006, most recently in 2018 on 129 countries. The index measures and compares the quality of government action in a ranking list based on self-recorded data and analyzes successes and setbacks on the path to constitutional democracy and a market economy accompanied by sociopolitical support. For this purpose, the "Status Index" is calculated on the general level of development with regard to democratic and market-economy characteristics and the "Management Index" on the political management of decision-makers. Status and Management Index The Status Index is composed of the study dimensions Political and Economic Transformation. Political transformation includes essential features of a democratic state order. This includes participation rights, the rule of law, the stability of democratic institutions and the political and social integration of institutions, but also statehood as a basic condition for the functioning of a democracy. Economic transformation takes into account not only the classic market-economy characteristics such as economic performance, market and competition regulation, currency and price stability and the protection of private property, but also social components such as the level of socio-economic development, the social order and ecological and educational sustainability. The Management Index assesses the extent to which political decision-makers can steer and promote the transformation process. It is composed of the criteria steering capability, resource efficiency, consensus building and international cooperation. In calculating the Management Index, the degree of difficulty is taken into account, such as structural obstacles, civil society traditions and the intensity of conflict. Method of calculation The Status and Management Index is composed of a modular system of investigation dimensions (2nd level), criteria (3rd level) and indicators (4th level). Country selection All developing and transition countries with more than one million inhabitants are examined. Developing and transition countries are those countries that are not considered to be democratically and market-economically consolidated. In the absence of a concretely applicable definition of the consolidation limit, OECD membership prior to 1989 is used as a consolidation criterion. In exceptional cases, countries with less than one million inhabitants (Bhutan, Dschibuti and Montenegro) are also examined. From 2003 to 2022, the number of countries surveyed has increased from 116 to 137. Survey procedure The reports and assessments