and enforceable legislation for gender equality The full title of Target 5.9 is: "Adopt and strengthen sound policies and enforceable legislation for the promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls at all levels." This target has one indicator: Indicator 5.9.1 is the "Proportion of countries with systems to track and make public allocations for gender equality and women's empowerment". Countries should work towards progressive gender equality policies that recognize how structures can enable progress towards women and girls empowerment. Custodian agencies Custodian agencies are responsible for monitoring and reporting of indicators: Indicator 5.1.1: United Nations Women (UN Women), World Bank (WB), Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Indicator 5.2.1 and 5.2.2: United Nations Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), UN Women, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), World Health Organisation (WHO), United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Indicator 5.3.1 and 5.3.1: United Nations Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) Indicator 5.4.2.: UNSD, United Nations Women (UN Women) Indicator 5.5.1: IPU, United Nations Women (UN Women) Indicator 5.5.2: International Labor Organization (ILO) Indicator 5.6.1: and 5.6.2 is: United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) Indicator 5.a.1 and 5.a.2: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Informator 5.a.2: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Inidicator 5.1: International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Inidicator 5.c.2: UN Women, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Monitoring and progress An annual report is prepared by the Secretary-General of the United Nations evaluating the progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. The SDGs face challenges if more attention is not given to addressing governance challenges crucial to their implementation. This involves considering how government, business, non-governmental organizations, civil society and researchers will work together. High-level progress reports for all the SDGs are published in the form of reports by the United Nations Secretary General, a recent one is the UN's High Level Political Forum thematic review of SDG 5. Challenges Impact of COVID-19 pandemic The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 also poses a challenge in achieving gender equality. The impact of COVID-19 on women has been: Compounded economic impacts particularly for women who are generally earning less, saving less, and hold insecure jobs or living close to poverty. The health of women is adversely impacted through the reallocation of resources and priorities, including sexual and reproductive health services. Unpaid care work has increased, with children out-of-school, heightened care needs of older persons and overwhelmed health services. Gender-based violence has increased due to