more dignified than its enemy. After the Tanzania People's Defence Force and allied rebel forces defeated the Uganda Army in a series of battles, President Amin dismissed Chief of Staff Gowon in March 1979. Fadhul was appointed his successor. In addition, he became part of a four‐member war planning committee that oversaw the Ugandan preparations for the defense of Kampala. Amin's regime completely collapsed and Kampala was captured by Tanzanian-led forces in April 1979. A new Ugandan government was consequently installed. The new government subsequently froze the financial assets of over 1,000 Ugandan Nubians, including Fadhul's, before seizing the money and placing it in government accounts. Fadhul's home was plundered during the war. According to Thomas Lowman, Fadhul was arrested in Bombo. According to the Uganda National Liberation Front, journalist Godwin Matatu, and Indian diplomat Madanjeet Singh, he joined other regime officials in fleeing to Kenya. Later life Fadhul was arrested in his home in Bulumagi, Uganda, in September 1986 on charges that he had been involved in the murder of Tibayungwa. He was tried by the High Court in Mbarara in February 1988. Several witnesses testified that between 21 and 22 September 1972, they saw Fadhul arrest Tibayungwa and force him into a car, accusing him of working with rebels. He maintained his innocence during his trial, saying that all murders of civilians in Mbarara had been committed by his former colleague Yusuf Gowon. Fadhul was convicted and sentenced to death in 1989. Along with a leader of Amin's death squads, Kassim Obura, Fadhul was one of very few Amin followers who were ever actually convicted for crimes committed in the 1971–79 era. Placed on the death row at Luzira Upper Prison, he remained incarcerated for 22 years. The Supreme Court of Uganda turned down one of his appeals against the conviction and death sentence in 1993. However, his repeated appeals staved off his execution. In 2001, Yusuf Gowon was also imprisoned at Luzira, whereupon he and Fadhul developed such an antipathy that prison authorities had to separate them until Gowon was released. In 2009, Fadhul was pardoned by President Yoweri Museveni, and released. By this time, he suffered from diabetes, ulcers and skin cancer and no longer had a home, as his old house in Bulumagi had been abandoned and vandalised during his time in prison. One house which had formerly belonged to him was now rented to