v. United States as precedent, Scalia wrote, "An arresting officer's state of mind (except for the facts that he knows) is irrelevant to the existence of probable cause." As long as probable cause existed to arrest Alford for some crime, Sergeant Devenpeck's explanation of why he was arresting Alford was irrelevant. The Court remanded the case for the lower courts to determine whether there was probable cause to arrest Alford for impersonating a law-enforcement officer or obstructing a law-enforcement officer. See also List of United States Supreme Court cases List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 543 References External links 2004 in United States case law United States Supreme Court cases United States Supreme Court cases of the Rehnquist Court