fractures; an asymmetrical group of NW-SE, NW-SE, and E-W fractures and a set symmetrical with the general anticline at NNE-SSW and ESE-WNW. Pervasive cleavage exists in the formation at the Floresta Massif. Magnetization analysis performed in 2005 by Ayala et al. showed clockwise rotation of the formation in the southern area around Paz de Río of 31 ± 18° and Nobsa of 40 ± 18° respectively. The Girón Formation is put into contact with the Cretaceous La Luna Formation in Norte de Santander, and is present in the hanging wall of the Bituima-La Salina Fault and cross-cut by several faults, among which the Suárez, Cáchira, and the regional Bucaramanga-Santa Marta Fault. Outcrops The Girón Formation is found, apart from its type locality in the Lebrija River valley in Santander, stretching from the north around Teorama, Norte de Santander, to the south west of Nobsa in Boyacá. The formation crops out along the Colombia-Venezuela border in Toledo, Norte de Santander, and the urban center of Hacarí is built on top of the Girón Formation. The formation forms the Serranía de Los Cobardes in the western front of the Eastern Ranges and is found throughout the Chicamocha Canyon, and the Sogamoso River cuts through the Girón Formation. The Girón Formation also crops out along the highway from Bucaramanga to Piedecuesta where frequent landslides of the fractured rocks occur in the rainy season. See also Geology of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense Geology of the Ocetá Páramo Cesar-Ranchería Basin Guavio Formation Valle Alto Formation References Bibliography Maps Geologic formations of Colombia Jurassic System of South America Late Jurassic South America Jurassic Colombia Oxfordian Stage Kimmeridgian Stage Tithonian Stage Sandstone formations Siltstone formations Shale formations Conglomerate formations Tuff formations Alluvial deposits Deltaic deposits Fluvial deposits Lacustrine deposits Formations Formations Formations Formations