in the water more efficiently. Normally in tree frogs, these intercalary elements remain unossified in order to allow their hands and feet to be flexible. They also have a unique ligament cap that connects their knee to their pelvis that has not yet been seen in any other type of frog. These frogs have a chromosome component of 2n = 24, the exceptions being Scarthyla goinorum with 2n = 22 and Pseudis cardosoi with 2n = 28. In the wild they are preyed on by a variety of animals, including aquatic insects, spiders, and birds such as the buff-necked ibis and large-billed tern. The scinaxines are small to medium-sized frogs with pointy snouts, and often stowaway on products such as house plants and fruit. Because of this, two species of Scinax have been introduced outside of their native range, with Scinax quinquefasciatus on the Galapagos Islands and Scinax ruber on St. Lucia, Martinique, and Puerto Rico. References Hylinae Vertebrate tribes Amphibians of Central America Amphibians of South America Taxa named by Leopold Fitzinger