impacted by a gender bias held by Kohlberg. Muuss, while intrigued by this theory, acknowledged that the factual foundation on which it was formed was weak, and had inadequate backing from other studies and research. As well as theories, Muuss also reviewed the Laurel School Study (1986-1990), which was conducted by Gilligan along with Lyn Mikel Brown. Muuss discussed the difficulty adolescent girls have with relationships and free self-expression. He proposed that authentic relationships are hard for adolescent girls to achieve and maintain, as they are afraid that being open about their thoughts and feelings will pose a threat to the relationships they have with others. Muuss stated that this forms the "unauthentic voice of adolescence". Muuss' reflection on the study also discusses the risk of adolescent girls losing their identities as a result of trying to fit in and please others. Academics In 1957, Muuss began his academic career at the University of Iowa as a Research Assistant Professor, working in the Iowa Child Welfare Research Station. Muuss then commenced teaching at Goucher College, Maryland in 1959. Here he focused on Child and Adolescent Development, Educational Psychology, Learning Theory, Test and Measurement, Diagnosis of Children, Counselling, and Case Study. Muuss worked at Goucher College for 36 years. During this time he assumed the positions of Chairman of the Education Program, Chairman of Sociology and Anthropology, Director of the Special Education Program, and Professor Emeritus of Education. Muuss retired from Goucher College in 1995, upon which the college created the Rolf Muuss Prize in Special Education. As well as Goucher College, Muuss also taught at The Johns Hopkins University, Pädagogische Hochschule Kiel, University of British Columbia, University of Delaware, University of Illinois, Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Hospital Training Program for Psychiatrists, and Towson State University. Personal life Family Muuss had two weddings with Gertrude Kremser. The pair were legally wed on 22 December 1953 in California, but had a church wedding in Flensburg in 1954. The second ceremony was officiated by Muuss’ father. Following their wedding in 1954, Muuss and his wife honeymooned in Europe, after which Muuss continued his education in America. Muuss and Gertrude remained married up until Gertrude died in 1999 after being diagnosed with cancer. Together with Gertrude, Muuss had two children. His son Michael was born in 1958, and his daughter Gretchen was born in 1961. Michael was killed in a car accident in late