the Astapori dialogue by first writing the text in High Valyrian, then applying a series of regular grammar and sound changes to simulate the changes in natural languages over a long period of time. For example, Astapori Valyrian has lost all long vowels (designated with a macron) and most diphthongs. Between vowels, [b, d, g] have become [v, ð, ɣ]; subsequently, [p, t, k] have become [b, d, g] in the same environment. As a result, an "Unsullied" is rendered as Dovaogēdy in High Valyrian, but as Dovoghedhy in Astapori. Similarly, Astapori Valyrian has lost the case system of High Valyrian, so the word order is more reliably subject–verb–object (SVO) and the four genders of High Valyrian have been reduced to two, with three definite articles: ji (animate singular, derived from High Valyrian ziry "him/her (accusative)"), vi (inanimate singular, derived from High Valyrian ūī "it (accusative)"), and po (plural, derived from High Valyrian pōnte "them (accusative)"). There is also an indefinite article, me , derived from High Valyrian mēre ("one"). Word stress is less predictable than in High Valyrian, but commands are stressed word-finally (for example: ivetrá). Meereenese Valyrian Meereenese Valyrian appears in Seasons 4 and 6 of Game of Thrones. Like Astapori Valyrian, it lacked long vowels as well as the sound /y/. However, its phonology departs considerably more from High Valyrian. This decision was a response to the request that it not be mutually intelligible with High Valyrian, unlike Astapori Valyrian, which is. For example, the word "Unsullied": Meereenese Valyrian: Thowoá Astapori Valyrian: Dovoghedhy High Valyrian: Dovaogēdy Written form Peterson did not create a High Valyrian writing system for Game of Thrones, but he commented that he "was thinking something more like Egyptian's system of hieroglyphs—not in style, necessarily, but in their functionality. Egyptians had an alphabet, of sorts, a couple of phonetically-based systems, and a logography all layered on top of one another." In the third season's episode "The Bear and the Maiden Fair", Talisa is seen writing a Valyrian letter in the Latin alphabet, because according to Peterson, "it didn't seem worthwhile to create an entire writing system for what ultimately is kind of a throwaway shot". A writing system was eventually created for House of the Dragon. It's a mixed script, consisting of 3 types of glyphs: Logographic glyphs (stand for whole words) Paradigmatic glyphs (used to show nominal paradigms and inflections) Alphabetic glyphs (used