discrimination and racism which African American troops were facing abroad during the war. It was difficult to emphasize the importance of African American involvement in the war at a time where discrimination was apparent both in conscription and the wartime labour force. Results of the campaign The Double V Campaign had limited success. While it promoted patriotism and support for the war effort among African Americans, especially as the Allies won the war, it fostered a narrow appreciation for the complexity of African American wartime situations, nor did it address or impact the underlying structure of America's systems of institutional racism. The campaign was also not a unifying force as many white, Southern newspapers and journalists criticised the slogan and characterised it as a dangerous revolution. The government tried to get the black press to cease agitation in an effort for greater rights. However it is also considered to be a turning point within African American history which led to unity among the black population in regards to achieving this double victory in the long run. The slogan and wartime protests marked a key development within black protest movements and aided in laying the groundwork for the future Civil Rights Movement. The campaign naturally died down by 1943 and the Pittsburgh Courier just mentioned the successes of the campaign from that point on; the campaign had not fully achieved its goal as discrimination was still legal after the war in America despite the efforts of African American soldiers. In this regard the White House has also failed to respond to progressive change within the African American population. See also African-American newspapers American propaganda during World War II Civil Rights Movement Isaiah Bradley - fictional character from Marvel Comics uses shield with Double V campaign emblem Louis Austin Military history of African Americans References Further reading External links "Should I Sacrifice to Live 'Half American?'" written by James G. Thompson and published in the Pittsburgh Courier on January 31, 1942. American propaganda during World War II United States home front during World War II