windows open and the courtyard filled with a noisy and animated crowd, Mauguin said, "This is a revolution we have to lead. We have to choose between the royal guard and the people." When François Guizot read a draft protest, Mauguin was among those who objected to including the terms "loyalty to the king" and "advisers false to the intentions of the monarch" while blood was flowing in Paris. On 29 July 1830 the deputies who had remained in Paris met at Lafitte's house and named an interim Municipal Commission composed of Jacques Laffitte, Casimir Pierre Périer, Georges Mouton, Auguste de Schonen, Pierre-François Audry de Puyraveau and François Mauguin. General Lafayette was appointed commander of the National Guard. Mauguin did not have great influence among his colleagues in the commission, and there was a marked difference of opinion between him and Odilon Barrot. Mauguin did name Bavoux Commissioner of Police and Chardel postmaster, proclaimed that the French monuments were under the protection of the people and issued various circulars to address urgent needs. The Municipal Commission received the envoys of King Charles X but refused to treat with them. They also admitted a popular deputation that insisted, unsuccessfully, on the need to consult the nation and not to establish authority without first ensuring safeguards for civil liberty. The commission ordered a levy of twenty battalions of the Mobile Guard, proclaimed the deposition of Charles X, and organized the expedition that forced the king to flee from his residence at Rambouillet. July Monarchy After the revolution, Mauguin participated in the chamber in the discussion of the new Charter, but he did not stay in accord with the July Monarchy for long. He became, in competition with his rival Odilon Barrot, one of the recognized leaders of the opposition to the dynasty. The chamber named Mauguin one of the commissioners, along with Thomas Bérenger and Joseph Madier de Montjau, who interrogated the former ministers of Charles X at the Château de Vincennes. The process attracted much public notice. During the trial Mauguin was thwarted by his colleagues. A contemporary said they resented his thinly concealed arrogance. Mauguin was repeatedly reelected deputy for Beaune on 5 July 1831, 21 June 1834, 4 November 1837, 9 July 1842 and 1 August 1846. In the new chamber, Mauguin became the center of the military party, supported by General Lamarque, in favor of military intervention in