to a Phenomenological Philosophy in the inaugural edition the Jahrbuch. Many of Husserl's students, particularly those that he shared with Reinach, resisted the turn to idealism. The phenomenologists who had remained with Lipps in Munich championed realist phenomenology in opposition to Husserl. The Urschüler William Ernest Hocking Heinrich Hofmann David Katz Theodor Lessing Dietrich Mahnke Karl Neuhaus Wilhelm Schapp The Munich Circle Maximilian Beck Theodor Conrad Hedwig Conrad-Martius Johannes Daubert Moritz Geiger Dietrich von Hildebrand Alexander Pfänder Adolf Reinach Max Scheler The Göttingen Circle Winthrop Pickard Bell Siegfried Hamburger Jean Hering Roman Ingarden Fritz Kaufmann Alexandre Koyré Hans Lipps Gustav Shpet Kurt Stavenhagen Edith Stein Alfred von Sybel The unorthodoxer Schüler Dietrich Heinrich Kerler Paul Ferdinand Linke The Freiburger Schüler Dorion Cairns Theodor Celms Eugen Fink Aron Gurwitsch Emmanuel Levinas Gerda Walther References Bibliography Josef Seifert and Cheikh Mbacke Gueye (Eds.), Anthologie der Realistischen Phänomenologie, 2009. Herbert Spiegelberg, The Phenomenological Movement: A Historical Introduction, 1982 Helmut Kuhn and Ederhard Avé-Lallemant (Eds.), Die Münchener Phänomenologie, Phaenomenologica 65, 1976. Bruno Leclercq, Sébastien Richard, Denis Seron (Eds.), Objects and Pseudo-Objects: Ontological Desert and Jungle from Brentano to Carnap, 2014. Kimberly Baltzer-Jaray, "Introduction," Quaestiones Disputatae: Selected Papers on the Early Phenomenology of Munich and Gottingen, 3:1 (2012) Marvin Farber, The Foundation of Phenomenology: Edmund Husserl And the Quest for a Rigorous Science of Philosophy, 1943. Robin Rollinger, Austrian Phenomenology: Brentano, Husserl, Meinong, and Others on Mind and Object. Frankfurt: Ontos Verlag, 2008. Barry Smith, "Realistic Phenomenology”, in L. Embree (ed.), Encyclopedia of Phenomenology, Dordrecht/Boston/London: Kluwer, 1997, pp. 586–590. Phenomenology Western philosophy Philosophical schools and traditions