grasses. Organza Sachets: often found in a party supply store or section are a cheap alternative used by home gardeners. Plant breeders have been using pollination bags made of a wide range of materials such as: brown paper (Pickering, 1977); glassine (Foster, 1968; Tsangarakis and Fleming, 1968), polythene (Tsangarakis and Fleming, 1968; Smith and Mehlenbacher, 1994) ), plastic (Schertz and Clark, 1967; Smith and Mehlenbacher, 1994), butter paper (Dahiya and Jatsara, 1979), cellophane (Jensen, 1976; Subrahmanyam, 1977), paraffin paper (Shigenobu and Sakamoto, 1977), pergamyn or parchment (Jensen, 1976; Hall, 1954), plastic (Cooper et al., 1978; Krus, 1974), polythene (Keller, 1945; Martin and Chapman, 1977), polyester ( McAdam, et al., 1987; Hata et al., 1995). Alternative materials which have been reported to have beneficial effect on seed production, include terylene (Foster, 1968) and Kraft paper bags (Wells, 1962; Smith and Mehlenbacher, 1994)). Others (Smith and Mehlenbacher, 1994;) have used paper bags and variation of spun polyethylene bags which are made from spun-bond polyethylene fibre sheet designed and marketed as a vapour barrier for residential building construction (Tyvek Home- wrap, DuPont Corp., Wilmington DE); fabric bags of polyester, cotton muslin and nylon fabrics (Neal and Anderson, 2004); and polyester micromesh fabric (Nel and J van Staden, 2013; Vogel et al., 2014). Patents A patent for the design of pollination bags for hybridisation in corn in the US was granted to Tell and Des Moines in 1985. The design allows expansion of bags to remain on the shoot during high winds and let the shoot grow within it. The cover is transparent to enable workers to observe developmental stages. The cover material is vapour permeable to prevent unwanted condensation from destroying transparency and to discourage the growth of mildew, fungus and bacteria. However, bags have been patented for protecting the fruit, vegetables and small plants by Kollath and Huffman (2000). These bags are made of perforated materials passing sunlight, water and air but having perforations sufficiently small to exclude insects. Guthrie (1988) patented bag for processing fruit or vegetables especially the apple fruit. See also Pollination Cheating (biology) Domestication Fruit tree pollination Hand pollination Paul Knuth Hermann Müller (botanist) Plant reproductive morphology Pollination syndrome Pollinators Self-pollination References External links PBS International DelStar Inc Focus Packaging Pollination Bags