other predatory flatworm species and consumes more endemic land species than other species. Furthermore, these data indicate that P. manokwari can begin consuming endemic land snails right after introduction. In other words, P. manokwari can adjust to a new environment fairly quickly and can even destroy fragile ecosystems quickly. Control methods Currently, there are no known methods for controlling the population of P. manokwari. This makes the eradication of the invasive species especially difficult. However, in several other cases, modified versions of parasites and viruses have been used as a biological control agent for invasive species. Several scientists have theorized that one of the few limiting factors that prevents the expansion of P. manokwari is low tolerance to colder temperatures. P. manokwari thrive best in habitats that range of 18 to 28 °C, which is commonly found in many tropical and subtropical islands. In an experiment done by Shinji Sugiura, P. manokwari were placed in several containers that had a certain amount of land snails in each and allowed to interact with them for a period of fourteen days in temperatures varying from 10 to 26 °C. Of those in the containers kept at 10 °C, only 23.3% survived all fourteen days and none of them fed on the snails. As temperatures increased, an increase in predation and survival of P. manokwari was observed. This shows that P. manokwari is significantly limited in distribution at lower temperatures, but can often flourish at higher temperatures. Future of the invaded communities The major uncertainty regarding communities invaded by P. manokwari involves the survival of endemic snail populations. According to current data, predation by P. manokwari is the biggest cause of the extinction of several native and introduced gastropods (a class of mollusks that include snails and slugs). These data suggest that the population of endemic land snails that have not already gone extinct is sharply decreasing in the areas the P. manokwari has been introduced. Furthermore, there is little hope for endemic land snail populations in areas inhabited by P. manokwari to recover to their original population size before P. manokwari was introduced. This is because the species is such an efficient and active predator that species that its controls prey populations and prevents them from recovering. Although beneficial for farmers and agriculture of the area, this decrease of snail population is problematic because it can drastically alter the food webs and