independent fiefdoms. Moreover, the marquis' branch is one of minority in the House of Zhu. It can thus be argued that the Qing monarchs discontinued such custom with the installation of "Marquis of the Extended Grace". During the Xinhai Revolution which led to the abdication of the Qing emperor, some advocated that a Han Chinese be installed as emperor, either the descendant of Confucius, who was the Duke Yansheng, or the Ming imperial family descendant, the Marquis of Extended Grace. The last marquis was Zhu Yuxun. In September 1924, Zhu met Reginald Johnston, the British tutor of Puyi, the last Qing emperor. Although China had been a republic since 1912, Puyi was still holding his imperial court in the Forbidden City at this time. Even though Zhu was living in a hovel and had only rags to wear, Johnston described him as "still a true Chinese gentleman." The business card Zhu gave Johnston said he was a descendant of the Ming imperial family and lived in Yangguan Alley, a hutong near Dongzhimen. After Puyi was evicted from the Forbidden City in the Beijing Coup in October, Zhu visited him at the Japanese concession in Tianjin. Zhu later followed Puyi to the northeast. Puyi reigned as emperor of Manchukuo (Manchuria) from 1934 to 1945. In 1929, Zhu Yuxun petitioned the National government of the Republic of China for help since he was living in destitution and said he could no longer carry out his duties. The government abolished his title as marquis and paid him a stipend instead. In 1933, the government totally terminated all of his duties in carrying out ceremonies at the Ming tombs and totally ended his position. After that, nothing is known about what happened to Zhu Yuxun. List of titleholders The following is a list of title holders: Adoptions occurred between related family members. Zhu Zhilian (朱之琏; died 1730). Based on Zhilian's imperial ancestry, the Yongzheng Emperor awarded him the title of marquis in 1725. In 1750, he was posthumously awarded the title Marquis of Extended Grace by the Qianlong Emperor. A descendant of the first Ming emperor Zhu Yuanzhang's 13th son, Zhu Gui, Prince Jian of Dai (代簡王 朱桂), through Zhu Gui's descendant, Zhu Yiting (朱彝梃), who along with his agnatic nephew (brother's son) Zhu Wenyuan (朱文元) went on an expedition against the Qing in Liaodong during the Chongzhen Emperor's reign, since they were defeated