The White Sands Test Center (WSTC) is responsible for planning and conducting tests at White Sands Missile Range (WSMR), New Mexico, USA. WSTC reports to the United States Army Test and Evaluation Command (ATEC). WSMR is designated as an activity within the Department of Defense (DoD) Major Range and Test Facility Base (MRTFB), a core set of DoD Test and Evaluation (T&E) infrastructure and workforce preserved as a national asset to support the DoD acquisition system. The Range possesses capabilities and infrastructure utilized by the US Army, Navy, Air Force and other government agencies as well as universities, private industry, and foreign militaries. As a tri-service facility (Army, Navy, and Air Force), WSTC supports the Army by providing data collection and analysis, instrumentation development, modeling and simulation, research assessment, and technical services. The US Army White Sands Test Center is overseen at the colonel level and reports to the Commanding General of White Sands Missile Range. Operations WSTC is divided into six directorates: Army Air Operations; Range Operations Directorate; Materiel Testing Directorate; Survivability, Vulnerability, and Assessment Directorate; Information Management Directorate; and Systems Engineering Directorate. Army air operations Army Air Operation's fleet is used for search and recovery. Their aircraft are instrumented with sensors, payloads, and cameras to support data collection. Range operations Range Operations Directorate establishes and implements policies, programs, and procedures, coordinates range operations and data measurements and has complete flight safety control for all missiles, rockets, munitions and other devices launched from or into WSMR, or which pass through WSMR airspace. Material Test Operations The Material Test Directorate provides evaluation of systems, materiel and equipment through field and laboratory testing and sponsors testing for Department of Defense (DoD), foreign, space and industry customers. Some of the systems they have tested include: Stinger, Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD), Patriot, Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS), High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS), Army Tactical Missile System (ATACMS), and a variety of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS). In addition, they tested the Future Combat System (FCS), a highly integrated structure of manned and unmanned, air and ground assets connected by a distributed network that allows it to act as a unified combat force. Survivability, vulnerability, and assessment operations The Survivability, Vulnerability, and Assessment Directorate (SVAD) performs nuclear weapons effects testing and evaluation. They simulate thermal radiation from nuclear weapon detonations, provide high-energy pulsed field-emission electron beams, and simulate high intensity gamma spikes