miles away from the parent ice mass. Splitting and movement north By 22 October 1998, A-38 began to split. The iceberg split into two pieces of about equal size that were named A-38A and A-38B, with A-38A being the eastern portion of the original iceberg and A-38B the western portion. Both portions drifted in the Weddell Gyre westwards towards the Antarctic Peninsula before moving north. The speed of the icebergs varied according to the quantity and thickness of surrounding sea ice, moving much slower in winter than in summer. The icebergs reached the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula in February 2003 and continued to progress northwards away from the continent. Their progress was tracked by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellite. Although both icebergs calved at their edges, their overall shape was largely unaffected. By March 2003 the iceberg had split into four pieces and were reported at the following locations: A-38A at measuring by A-38B at measuring by A-38C at measuring by A-38D at measuring by South Georgia A-38A and A-38B increased speed during their drift in open sea and both icebergs approached South Georgia Island, some north of their initial position, in December 2003. Both icebergs grounded in shallow seas some distance to the east of the island. On 15 March 2004, A-38A broke into three pieces and began to drift northwards once more. After a few weeks their progress could no longer be monitored by medium-resolution satellite imagery. In January 2004, another fragment of A-38, A-38D, which was covered in meltwater ponds, had drifted past South Georgia. A-38B remained grounded off South Georgia and on 12 April 2004 was measured at in length. It had broken into two portions, almost equal in size, by 15 April 2004. The western portion remained known as A-38B while the eastern portion was named A-38G. From 17 to 18 April, A-38G drifted north and then west, decaying below satellite imagery detection capability within a few weeks. Iceberg A-38B remained grounded for some months, affecting the foraging routes of adult seals and penguins, resulting in the death of young penguins and seals on the beaches of South Georgia. A-38B broke into two along an existing crackline on 20 August 2004. The new iceberg fragment drifted northwards and broke up. A-38B continued to break up through August and September 2004 and had disappeared by 2005. Documentation A-38 offered researchers an opportunity to observe