such a time sensitive situation. Criticisms Daniel Voyer proposed some criticism for the word frequency effect in 2003 after experiments on laterality effects in lexical decisions. His experiments demonstrated two findings: (1) Word frequency effect was only significant for the left visual field presentation (2) In a case-altered condition, the word frequency effect meaningful for right visual field presentations. Voyer further posits that hemispheric asymmetries may play a role in the word frequency effect. Future directions Psycholinguists believe that future study of the word frequency effect needs to consider the role of heuristics to determine the difference in eye movements between high and low frequency words. See also Word lists by frequency tf–idf Missing letter effect Zipf's law References Psychological effects