a breeder in north-central British Columbia, much of the western part of the Yukon, interior Alaska and, near Inuvik in the Northwest Territories, the latter being the northernmost breeding range of the red-tailed hawk species. The race may breed as far south as northwestern Sonora in Mexico. Its eastern limits are reached around central Manitoba, while to the south the states of Montana, Wyoming, Utah, New Mexico and Colorado are mostly occupied by B. j. calurus. Wintering birds from interior southwestern British Columbia may move south to as far as southwest to Guatemala and northern Nicaragua. Linearly, this relatively large subspecies can seem to run almost contrary to Bergmann's rule, with birds of the Great Basin being longer winged than most Canadian ones. References Western red-tailed hawk