rugose process of the jugal starts small and conical, but becomes massive and indistinct as the animals grow. This same study also suggests Alioramins did not undergo a secondary metamorphosis from slender juveniles to robust adults like other tyrannosaurs but maintained a unique physiology better suited to pursuit of fast prey. Feeding Foster and his colleagues in 2022 indicated that Qianzhousaurus and other alioramins, due to their slim and gracile build, may have been hunters of small, particularly fast and nimble prey, which would have allowed these tyrannosaurids to avoid competition with larger, robust relatives that specialized in killing larger animals. The long and delicate snouts of alioramins like Alioramus and Qianzhousaurus may have prevented them from killing the same prey that juvenile and adult tyrannosaurids like Tarbosaurus hunted, though these larger tyrannosaurs themselves may have hunted alioramins as prey on occasion. Alioramins may also have had a different feeding strategy than other tyrannosaurids, as their jaws seem to have been weaker than those of the larger genera, and even juveniles of larger species have proportionately higher bite forces than alioramins of equivalent size. Furthermore, Alioramins seemingly remained confined to Asia, suggesting some factor prevented them from colonizing the better-sampled fossil deposits from North America. What this may be remains a mystery at the present moment. Paleoenvironment Qianzhousaurus is known from the Nanxiong Formation, which has been dated to the latest Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous epoch, about 66.7 ± 0.3 million years ago based on argon–argon dating. The main lithology of this formation is composed by purplish mudstones and siltstones, and was deposited in a floodplain environment, under a relatively warm, humid subtropical climate. Oviraptorid eggs are particularly common across the formation with numerous well-preserved egg clutches or nests, as well as nesting individuals. The Nanxiong Formation has been noted for its abundant oviraptorosaur genera. It is most likely that, given the poor stratigraphic analysis of the formation, the extremely large oviraptorosaur diversity of this formation was temporally separated. Other vertebrates in the Nanxiong Formation include numerous oviraptorosaurs, such as Banji, Ganzhousaurus, Corythoraptor, Nankangia, Huanansaurus, Shixinggia, or Tongtianlong; hadrosaurid Microhadrosaurus (may be nomen dubium); sauropod Gannansaurus; therizinosaurid Nanshiungosaurus; crocodilian Jiangxisuchus; squamates Chianghsia and Tianyusaurus; and turtles Jiangxichelys and Nanhsiungchelys. See also Timeline of tyrannosaur research References Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of Asia Monotypic dinosaur genera Tyrannosaurids Paleontology in Jiangxi Maastrichtian life Taxa named by Lü Junchang Taxa named by