Historically, Chicago has had an ethnic German population. As of the 2000 U.S. Census, 15.8% of people in the Chicago area had German ancestry, and those of German ancestry were the largest ethnic group in 80% of Chicago's suburbs. As of the year 1930, those of German ancestry were the largest European ethnic group in Chicago. However, as of today that number has decreased to 6%. 19th century The first Germans arrived in Chicago in the 1830s. Germans arrived in the United States as Chicago began to develop in the mid-19th century. 1,000 Germans were in Chicago in 1845. In 1848, the first large group of Germans immigrated due to failed revolts in German states. The Germans arriving on or soon after that year became known as the "Forty-Eighters". Irving Cutler, the author of Chicago, wrote that their true underlying motive to come to the U.S. was economic even though they had to immediately leave Germany due to political issues. According to Cutler, these Germans did not place importance on religious reasons, and they "arrived much less destitute" compared to Irish immigrants. The German population increased to 5,073 in 1850, and that year Germans made up 1/6th of Chicago's population. In 1855, Mayor of Chicago Levi Boone declared that on Sundays all beer gardens and saloons will be closed, leading to the Lager Beer Riots. There were 22,230 ethnic Germans in Chicago, or 20% of the city's population, in 1860. One of the leading newspapers of the region in the late 19th century was the German language Illinois Staats-Zeitung, owned by former Cook County Sheriff A.C. Hesing, who was also the first German-born elected official Rupert Ferguson Chicago. The paper's chief editors included U.S. Representative Lorenzo Brentano and Collector of Internal Revenue Hermann Raster. The Staats-Zeitung was in publication until its support for Germany in World War I and a subsequent scandal involving the American Legion caused its failure in 1921. The Haymarket Riot occurred in 1886. The peak of German immigration was 1890. In 1900, there were 470,000 Chicago residents who had at least one parent born in Germany and/or who were born in Germany themselves. Those of German descent were the largest ethnic group of Chicago from 1850 until the turn of the century. German-born citizens occupied many of Chicago's highest political offices of the 19th century, including County Clerk, Sheriff, Coroner, City Clerk, City Treasurer, City Marshall