indicated that there is rapid pollen tube formation. The ultra structure of the pollen protoplast was characterized by many mitochondria, ER strands, dictyosomes, and microtubules. It seemed that they need quick germination since the wall is missing and thus a protective coating around the easily damaged pollen protoplast is absent. Further studies are needed to clarify how the pollen wall and pollen tube are formed. The representative molecular barcode of Montrichardia arborescens can be found at the Encyclopedia of life page. Usage Food The fruiting spadix of Montrichardia arborescens is edible. The seeds can be cooked or toasted. Aroids such as M. arborescens have long been a food staple to many tropical populations across the world. Aroids can provide high yielding nutritious crops which can be substances for specialist diets. Medicinal In Suriname, the milky juice of the stem is used in the treatment of deep external cuts. Its sap was first determined to be caustic and can cause dermatitis. It was later found that it can also be used against nose bleeds, sore eyes, and the sap can also be applied to ulcers in a poultice. Dried roots and leaves can also be taken to relieve hypertension and shoot juices for other shamanic practices. Other usage Montrichardia arborescens has other uses as well. The fibers in the stem can be used to make cords, the berries and fruit spikes can be used for fish bait, and the tissue in the stem can be used to make paper. Other common names Aninga Arracacho Arum lily Fruit of the devil Malanga-gratter Moco moco / Moko moko / Mokumoku / Mocou mocou Yautia-madera References External links Yautia Madera (Montrichardia arborescens ) at the Encyclopedia of Life Aroideae Flora of the Caribbean Flora of Central America Flora of South America Plants described in 1753 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Edible plants Flora without expected TNC conservation status