refugee camps in Lebanon and the Arab East at large. Another purpose was to raise many issues about different modes of knowledge production and public sociology. The Portal for Social Impact of Scientific Research in/on the Arab World (Athar) that he founded was an instrumental tool in this regard. Being a Palestinian refugee, he has been active in empowering the Palestinian refugee communities. He was one of the main organizers of a March for the Palestinian Civil and Socio-economic rights in Lebanon on June 27, 2010. Around 5,000 people participated in this march coming from all refugee camps but also from Lebanese localities such as al-Shuf Mountain towards the Lebanese Parliament in Beirut. He also frequently give lectures in the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon, the Occupied Palestinian territories, and Syria, and participate in empowering these communities by providing them with free consultation, and attending some of their organizational meetings. Furthermore, Hanafi founded in 2005 the monthly Sociology Café, which aims at creating a forum for informal discussions between students, professors and the public on critical issues related to life in Lebanon and the region. Hanafi's research focused on four types of research activities (professional, critical, public and policy), however, he states that said work is challenged by the double delegitimization of social science by the authoritarian political elite and some religious authorities. To illustrate that, he carried out ethnographic research on the Palestinian refugees in Lebanon (governmentality in the refugee camps, reconstruction of Nahr el-Bared camp, civil and socio-economic rights). The outcome was not only published in international academic journals but also in Arabic and in local newspapers. This steered local debates that denounced in the same times and in varying degree the Lebanese authority and the Palestinian political factions. The research was followed by a large demonstration for the Palestinian refugee rights in different localities in Lebanon. Moreover, he participated in a Palestinian negotiation team to change the Lebanese discriminatory laws. This research also critiqued some scholars who overlook the socio-economic rights of the Palestinian refugees claiming that this would undermine the right of return. Those scholars, in the name of the political exception of the refugee camps, “theorized” keeping the camp in a misery as an urban exceptional space. Practicing public and policy sociology is indeed not an easy enterprise he started publishing exclusively in English and French as professional research before being evolved toward more complex