whether he was ever officially appointed Commander-in-chief and operational control was largely exercised by Dundee. In 1685, many in both England and Scotland supported James despite his personal Catholicism from fear of civil war if he were bypassed; by July 1688, anti-Catholic riots made it seem only his removal could prevent one. Just before the 1688 Glorious Revolution, the Scottish army was brought south to join the rest of James' forces in England. After William III of England landed in Brixham on 5 November, his troops deserted and he went into exile on 23 December. When James II invaded Ireland in March 1689, Douglas joined the army in Ireland and was formally replaced as Commander in Scotland by Sir Hugh Mackay, another former colleague. He commanded a brigade at the Battle of the Boyne in July 1690, and supervised the unsuccessful Siege of Athlone, whose failure William considered a missed opportunity to end the war in Ireland. He felt this was partially due to conflict between Douglas and two other senior British officers, Percy Kirke and Sir John Lanier. As a result, in May 1691 they were posted to the Low Countries to serve in the Nine Years War, where they could be supervised by William himself. All three died within a year, Kirke of disease at Brussels in October 1691, Lanier at Steenkerque in August 1692, while Douglas died at Namur in July 1691. He was succeeded as Colonel of the Scots Guards by George Ramsay, another former Scots Brigade colleague. References Sources ; 1691 deaths 1645 births Scottish generals Williamite military personnel of the Williamite War in Ireland British military personnel of the Nine Years' War Scots Guards officers Military personnel of the Franco-Dutch War Members of the Parliament of Scotland 1685–1686 Younger sons of earls