(bact.) a name based on a mixed bacterial culture nomen perplexum (plural: nomina perplexa), a name confusingly similar to another name or names nomen periculosum (plural: nomina periculosa), an name which can lead to dangerous outcomes, through confusion nomen erratum (nom. err.; plural: nomina errata) - a name given in error nomen illegitimum (nom. illeg.; plural: nomina illegitima) – an illegitimate name nomen invalidum (nom. inval.; plural: nomina invalida) – an invalid name nomen manuscriptum - a name that appears in a manuscript nomen monstrositatum (nom. monstr.) – a name based on a monstrosity (fasciation, phyllody or similar deformities) nomen novum (nom. nov.; plural: nomina nova) – a replacement name nomen nudum (nom. nud.; plural: nomina nuda) – a name published without an accompanying description nomen oblitum (nom. obl.; plural: nomina oblita) – a name which has been overlooked (literally, forgotten) and is no longer valid nomen protectum (nom. prot.; plural: nomina protecta) – a name granted protection nomen rejiciendum (nom. rej.; plural: nomina rejicienda) – a name that has been rejected and cannot be used nomen suppressum (nom. supp.; plural: nomina suppressa) – a name that has been suppressed and cannot be used nomen vanum (plural: nomina vana) - not a useful term, has been used to mean either a nomen dubium (see above in this list), or an invalid change in spelling, better called an unjustified emendation species inquirenda, a species of doubtful identity requiring further investigation Latin abbreviations cf. : confer; literally "compare", indicates approximate placement f. : forma; form nothovar. : nothovarietas; hybrid variety nob. : nobis): by us, indicates the writers are the authority of a scientific name p. p. : pro parte; "for part" pro syn. : pro synonymo; "as synonym" sensu auct. : sensu auctorum; in the sense of certain authors (generally referring to an invalid usage) s.l. : sensu lato; in the broad (loose) sense sp. (plural spp.) : species (identical in English) sp. nov. (plural spp. nov.) : species nova (species novae) : new species (singular) s.s. : sensu stricto; in the strict (narrow or precise) sense ssp. (plural sspp. or subspp) : subspecies (identical in English) subf. : subforma; subform subsp. (plural subspp.) : subspecies (identical in English) subvar. : subvarietas; subvariety var. : varietas; variety English abbreviations bot. - botany zoo. - zoology Symbols × : cross; indicates a hybrid † : extinct + : graft or chimera; indicates