Uranium mining in Kazakhstan is of considerable importance to the national economy. By 2011, Kazakhstan was considered to be the world's largest producer of uranium. History Uranium exploration in Kazakhstan began in 1943. Later, in 1970, mining began with positive results, leading to more exploration. Some underground mines from the 1950s remain, but are close to depletion. In the past half century, Kazakhstan has been a major source of uranium for the world's nuclear programs. In the decade from 2001 to 2011, Kazakhstan's uranium production increased by 17,428 tons. Kazakhstan has 15% of the world's uranium, and in 2011, Kazakhstan was responsible for 35% of world production. There are 17 uranium mines in the country, however, maximum output is capped at 20,000 tons per year. Currently, 50 deposits are located in six provinces. The responsibility for uranium exploration falls upon two subsidiary organizations of the Ministry of Geology, “Stepgeology” in northern Kazakhstan and “Volkovgeology” in the southern part of the country. Though there is no nationally supported electrical grid, in northern areas of Kazakhstan, electricity comes from Russia, and in the south, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. Companies Kazatomprom, the nationalized nuclear energy company, was started in 1997. It has oversight of all nuclear activities including mining, exploration, and import/export activities. The company has also formed strong ties with foreign nuclear powers and the company Westinghouse. Agreements are in place with the governments of Russia, Japan, China, Canada, India, and France. Comparing 2010 with 2009, it reported an over forty percent increase in uranium production, and a thirty percent increase in total uranium output. Mines Inkai Uranium Project- discovered 1976. 2010 production: 1637 tons South Inkai mine - began production 2007. expected 2011 production: 1900 tons Akdala mine - began production: 2006. 2009 production: 1046 tons Central Mynkuduk mine - began production: 2007. West Mynkuduk mine - began production: 2006 East Mynkuduk mine- began production: 2006 Karatau mine - began production: 2008 Akbastau mine - began production: 2009 Zhalpak mine- began production: 2012 Moinkum mine - began production: 2004 Tortkuduk mine - began production: 2008 Kharasan mine- began production: 2005 Irkol mine - began production:2008 Zarechnoye mine- began production:2006 Semyibai mine- began production: 2009 See also Energy policy of Kazakhstan Semipalatinsk Test Site Anti-nuclear movement in Kazakhstan Kharasan mine References Mining in Kazakhstan