goods without a license. In Turner v. Maryland (1883), the Court upheld a statute that required inspection of exported tobacco packed at a different place from where it is grown. Barbier v. Connolly (1884) upheld a ban on laundries. Presser v. Illinois (1886) upheld a ban on militias. Walling v. Michigan (1886) invalidated a tax on out-of-state liquor wholesalers (which did not apply to in-state liquor wholesalers). Smith v. Alabama (1888) upheld a locomotive licensing scheme. Others involved the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Strauder v. West Virginia (1880) and Bush v. Kentucky (1883) reversed convictions because of racial exclusion in the jury system. In Pace v. Alabama (1883), the Court upheld an adultery prohibition that punished inter-racial fornication more than same-race fornication. Pace was overruled by McLaughlin v. Florida (1964). Yick Wo v. Hopkins (1886) struck down a discretionary laundry permitting system that disadvantaged Asians. Hayes v. Missouri (1887) rejected an equal protection challenge to a statute authorizing the prosecution more peremptory challenges in large cities. Mugler v. Kansas (1887) upheld a state liquor prohibition under substantive due process. The Waite Court was several times called upon to decide issues related to the interaction of the state and federal criminal systems. In Coleman v. Tennessee (1878), the Court held that a state court had no jurisdiction to try a Civil War-era murder by a soldier, which at the time was subject to courts martial jurisdiction (and where in fact the defendant had previously been tried and convicted). But, in Robb v. Connolly (1884), the Court permitted a state court to issue a writ of habeas corpus against the state officer who administers extradition to the state from other states. And, in Kurtz v. Moffitt (1885), the Court held that—as habeas is a civil proceeding and the federal diversity jurisdiction removal statute required an amount in controversy—state habeas proceedings could not be removed to federal court under this provision. Natal v. Louisiana (1887) declined to issue a writ of supersedeas, finding that the state's initiation of a civil suit while a writ of error was pending before the Supreme Court was not contemptuous. Royall v. Virginia (1886) struck down a misdemeanor conviction for unauthorized practice under the Contract Clause. Royall's case repeatedly reached the Waite Court through various jurisdictional means, and ultimately Royall was denied relief. Territorial courts The Waite Court heard nine criminal appeals from the territorial