Idiomatic translation In addition to these concepts, in 1990, Brian Mossop presented his concept of idiomatic and unidiomatic translation. Idiomatic translation is when the message of the source text is conveyed the way a target language writer would convey it, rather than staying to the way in which it was conveyed in the source text. Unidiomatic translation is innovative and translates individual words. Domesticated translation In 1994, also in modern translation studies, Lawrence Venuti introduced the concepts of domestication and foreignization, which are based on concepts from Friedrich Schleiermacher's 1813 lecture. Domestication is the adaption of culture-specific terms or cultural context, where as foreignization is the preservation of the original cultural context of the source text (in terms of settings, names, etc.). Venuti also described domestication as being fluent and transparent strategies that result in acculturation, where “a cultural other is domesticated, made intelligible”. Schleiermacher's distinction between "bringing the author to the reader" (domestication) and "taking the reader to the author" (foreignization), dealt with a social concern and Venuti's distinction between domestication and foreignization deals with ethical principles. References Further reading Gentzler, Edwin (2001). Contemporary Translation Theories. 2nd Ed. London and New York: Routledge. Lefevere, André. (1992). Translation/History/Culture: A Sourcebook. London and New York: Routledge. Newmark, Peter. (1988). A Textbook of Translation. New York: Prentice Hall. Nida, Eugene A., and Charles R. Taber. (1969). The Theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: Brill. Robinson, Douglas. (2001). Who Translates? Translator Subjectivities Beyond Reason. Albany: SUNY Press. Robinson, Douglas, ed. (2002). Western Translation Theory From Herodotus to Nietzsche. Manchester: St. Jerome. Steiner, T.R. (1975). English Translation Theory, 1650–1800. Amsterdam: Rodopi. Venuti, Lawrence. (1995). The Translator's Invisibility: A History of Translation. London and New York: Routledge (Read full version here) Translation studies Translation