Mutasarrifate (1872-1909): Beersheba Kaza (; ; ), which included two sub-districts and a municipality: a-Hafir (; ; ), created in 1908 as a middle point between Beersheba and Aqaba, close to the newly agreed border with Sinai al-Mulayha, created in 1908 as a midway point between Hafir and Aqaba Beersheba (; ; ), created in 1901 Gaza Kaza (; ; ), which included three sub-districts and a municipality: Al-Faluja (; ; ), created in 1903 Khan Yunis (; ; ), created in 1903 and became a municipality in 1917 al-Majdal (; ; ), created in 1880 Gaza (; ; ), created in 1893 Hebron Kaza (; ; ), which included two sub-districts and a municipality: Bayt 'Itab (; ; ), created in 1903 Bayt Jibrin (; ; ), created in 1903 Hebron (; ; ), created in 1886 Jaffa Kaza (; ; ), which included two sub-districts and a municipality: Ni'lin (; ; ), created in 1903 Ramla (; ; ), created in 1880, became municipality before 1888 and re-established as sub-district in 1889 Lydda (; ; ) Jerusalem Kaza (; ; ), which included four sub-districts and two municipalities: Abwein (; ; ), created in 1903; Bethlehem (; ; ), created in 1883 and became a municipality in 1894; Ramallah (; ; ), created in 1903 and became a municipality in 1911, Saffa (; ; ), Jerusalem (; ; ), created in 1867 and Beit Jala (; ; ), created in 1912. Nazareth Kaza (; ; ), established 1906. Mutasarrıfs of Jerusalem The Mutasarrıfs of Jerusalem were appointed by the Sublime Porte to govern the district. They were usually experienced civil servants who spoke little or no Arabic, but knew a European language - most commonly French - in addition to Ottoman Turkish. Pre-separation from Damascus Sureyya Pasha 1857–63 Izzet Pasha 1864–67 Nazif Pasha 1867–69 Kamil Pasha 1869–71 Ali Bey 1871–72 Post-separation from Damascus Nazif Pasha (same as above) 1872–73 Kamil Pasha (same as above) 1873–75 Ali Bey (same as above) 1874–76 Faik Bey 1876–77 Mehmed Rauf Pasha 1877–89 Resad Pasha 1889–90 Ibrahim Hakki Pasha 1890–97 Mehmet Tevfik Biren 1897–01 Mehmet Cavit Bey 1901–02 Osman Kazim Bey 1902–04 Ahmed Resid Bey 1904–06 Ali Ekrem Bolayır 1906–08 Post-Young Turk Revolution List of mutasarrıfs after the 1908 Young Turk Revolution: Subhi Bey 1908–09 Nazim Bey 1909–10 Azmi Bey 1910–11 Cevdet Bey 1911–12 Mehdi Frashëri (Muhdi Bey) 1912 Tahir Hayreddin Bey 1912–13