Díaz Pacheco) both "cooperated" with the FBI and provided them vital and ongoing intelligence about the Cadets for a period of several years. Both of these men—Ramos Medina and Díaz Pacheco—provided the FBI with copious and detailed information about the membership, structure, funding, and activities of the Cadets of the Republic. In providing the FBI this information, both men betrayed the Nationalist movement. Díaz Pacheco, of course, betrayed his own brother. Among the factors which have affected the independence movement in Puerto Rico have been the Cointelpro program and the Carpetas program. The Cointelpro program was a project conducted by the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) aimed at surveying, infiltrating, discrediting, and disrupting domestic political organizations. The Carpetas program was a massive collection of information gathered by the island's police on so-called "political subversives". The police had in its possession thousands of extensive carpetas (files) concerning individuals of all social groups and ages. Approximately 75,000 persons were listed as under political police surveillance. The massive surveillance apparatus was aimed primarily against Puerto Rico's independence movement. Thus, many independence supporters moved to the Popular Democratic Party as a means to an end to stop statehood. Further reading "War Against All Puerto Ricans: Revolution and Terror in America’s Colony"; Author: Nelson Antonio Denis; Publisher: Nation Books (April 7, 2015); . See also List of Puerto Ricans List of revolutions and rebellions 19th Century male leaders of the Puerto Rican Independence Movement Ramón Emeterio Betances Mathias Brugman Francisco Ramírez Medina Manuel Rojas Segundo Ruiz Belvis Antonio Valero de Bernabé 19th Century female leaders of the Puerto Rican Independence Movement María de las Mercedes Barbudo Lola Rodríguez de Tió Mariana Bracetti Male members of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party Pedro Albizu Campos José S. Alegría Casimiro Berenguer Rafael Cancel Miranda José Coll y Cuchí Oscar Collazo Juan Antonio Corretjer Carmelo Delgado Delgado Raimundo Díaz Pacheco Hugo Margenat Francisco Matos Paoli Vidal Santiago Díaz Daniel Santos Clemente Soto Vélez Griselio Torresola Antonio Vélez Alvarado Carlos Vélez Rieckehoff Teófilo Villavicencio Marxuach Female members of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party Julia de Burgos Blanca Canales Rosa Collazo Lolita Lebrón Isabel Rosado Isabel Freire de Matos Ruth Mary Reynolds Isolina Rondón Olga Viscal Garriga Articles related to the Puerto Rican Independence Movement Puerto Rican Nationalist Party Ponce massacre Río Piedras massacre Puerto Rican Nationalist Party Revolts of the 1950s Puerto Rican Independence Party Grito de Lares