the hypoconid to the protoconid. It is nearly in line with the main axis of the tooth, contrasting with its more diagonal position in Eosimias and Phenacopithecus. A crest, the postcristid, descends from the hypoconid along the back margin of the tooth and almost reaches the entoconid, which is separated by a notch. It incorporates the third talonid cusp, the hypoconulid, which is indistinct in Afrasia. In Afrotarsius and eosimiids (except the Pakistani Phileosimias), this crest reaches the entoconid. There is a cingulum, or shelf, on the buccal side of m2. The last lower molar, m3, is smaller and has a longer talonid, with a well-developed hypoconulid lobe at the back, and generally resembles that of Phenacopithecus, but the trigonid is smaller. The paraconid is distinct. The hypoconulid lobe is longer than in Afrotarsius and the entoconid is located further to the front. Unlike on m2, there is no notch between the hypoconulid and entoconid, though a shallow valley is present. Range and ecology Afrasia has only been found in the Eocene Pondaung Formation of central Myanmar, a rock unit which has been dated to about 37 million years ago using magnetostratigraphy and fission track dating. This places it at the end of the Bartonian stage, near the Middle–Late Eocene boundary. Although many tons of sediments in the area have been screened for fossils, Afrasia is still known only from four teeth, suggesting that it was a rare species. Since fossils were first discovered there in 1916, a rich fossil fauna has been recovered in the Pondaung Formation. In addition to Afrasia, primates found there include the eosimiid Bahinia; the amphipithecids Pondaungia, Ganlea, and Myanmarpithecus; and the sivaladapids Paukkaungia and Kyitchaungia. References Literature cited External links Press Release: Discovery of a new middle Eocene primate from Myanmar and the initial anthropoid colonization of Africa (PDF) Fossil taxa described in 2012 Eocene mammals of Asia Eocene primates Fossils of Myanmar