Saturn, portending a reign of world-conquest and justice. Formerly adopted from the Arabic, meaning "Companion/ Associate of (the) Conjunction [literary: apparent proximity of two heavenly bodies]" - explained in the next paragraph, whereas the Arabic words: 'ṣāḥib' - صَاحِبِ' meaning "companion/ associate" and 'qirān - قِرَان' meaning "conjunction of two heavenly bodies" is the plural of 'qarn - قَرْن' (literary meaning: 'junction - a point at which two or more things are joined'). The title has a long and varied history among Islamo-Persianate rulers, beginning with the Mongols and Mamluks and further developed under the Timurids. The Mughal emperors Shah Jahan and Akbar Shah II called themselves "Sahib-e Qiran-i Sani - (Arabic: Ṣāḥibi Qirāni Thānī/ Ath-Thānī - صَاحِبِ قِرَانِ ثَانِي\ ٱلْثَانِي)", which means "The Second Lord of Auspicious Conjunction", where "sani" is the adopted Arabic word for the cardinal "(the) second/ next" ["thānī" - ثَانِي]. The first Lord of Conjunction in this formulation is assumed to have been Alexander the Great, but it simultaneously references the progenitor of the Mughals, Timur, who was most famously described as the Sahib-e Qiran by Ibn Khaldun. Timur did not use this title himself, but the court historians of his successors routinely applied this title to him and his successors. Shahenshah The royal title Shahenshah (شاهنشاه) is a Persian word meaning the "Emperor" or "King of Kings". Al-Mukarram Al-Mukarram (ٱلْمُكَرَّمُ) meaning the Perso-Arabic title: "Honorable or Generous". Mukarram (مُکَرَّم) means 'possessor of the honorable or generous' or 'the honorable or the generous', in Urdu adopted from Arabic. The title al-Mukarram reportedly appeared on Aurangzeb's full imperial title. Sometimes, the word al-Khaqan became a prefix for al-Mukarram in the form al-Khaqan al-Mukarram/Al-Khaaqaan Al-Mukarram or (translit.) Al-Khāqānu ’l-Mukarram (أَلْخَاقَانُ ٱلْمُكَرَّمُ). Khaqan or Khagan (خَاقَان) adopted from the Mongol ancestral roots of "khan (خَان)" meaning "leader" or "prince" - "descended" was an imperial Perso-Turkic Mongol title, used by the Mughal Emperors to show descent from the Khans. Zillullah (Ẓillu’llah)/ Zwillu'llah Ẓillu’llah or (translit.) Zwillu’llah (ظِلُّ ٱلله) is an Arabic word-phrase meaning the Shadow or Shade of God (Allah - الله), literally "the Refuge of Allah". Shahenshah-e-Sultanat Al-Hindiyyah wa Al-Mughaliyyah Shahenshah-e-Sultanat Al-Hindiyyah wa Al-Mughaliyyah or (translit.) Shāhenshāhe-Sulṭānātu ’l-Hindiyyah wa-’l-Mughaliyyah (شَاهَنْشَاهِ سُلْطَنَاتُ ٱلْهِنْدِيَّه وَٱلْمُغَالِيَّه) is a Persianized Arabic imperial title meaning: "Emperor of the Sultanate of India and the Mughals. Firdaus Ashiyani Firdaus Ashiyani/ Firdaws Aashiyaneh or Firdaws Āshiyānē (فِرْدَوس آشِيَانَه) is a Persianized Arabic imperial title meaning: "Domain