his two predecessors as president, Chun and Roh, arrested and indicted on charges of corruption and treason for their role in military coups, although they would be pardoned near the end of his term on advice of president-elect Kim Dae-jung. Kim did not stop there, his administration pursued chaebol bosses who paid these bribes to Chun and Roh, most prominently Lee Kun-hee of Samsung and Kim Woo-choong of Daewoo were prosecuted, although Lee's sentence was suspended and Kim did not serve his sentence. Kim also purged politically minded generals of the Hanahoe clique who Chun and Roh hailed from which until that point, had continued to be deeply engaged in policymaking. Thus, Hanahoe was disbanded and the depoliticization of the military began under Kim. Kim also granted amnesty to 41,000 political prisoners in March 1993 just after taking office, and removed the criminal convictions of pro-democracy protesters who had been arrested during the Gwangju massacre in the aftermath of the Coup d'état of December Twelfth. However, Kim's anti-corruption message was damaged after his son was arrested for bribery and tax evasion related to the Hanbo scandal. Economy In addition to curbing corrupt practices of the chaebols, Kim encouraged them to become leaner and more competitive to succeed in the global economy, in contrast to the state-directed economic growth model of the preceding decades. Chaebols were criticized at that time for inefficiency and a lack of specialization. Kim released his "100-Day Plan for the New Economy" for immediate economic reform, intended to decrease inflation and eliminate corporate corruption. Another Five-Year Plan was also implemented, to encourage foreign investment as part of Kim's internationalization strategy. By 1996, per capita GNP exceeded US$10,000. He launched a wave of anti-corruption reforms and introduced wide-ranging economic reforms aimed at easing domestic regulations and the labour code, encouraging foreign investment and promoting competition. He defended the interests of the chaebol by introducing new labour legislation. It facilitates dismissal procedures, calls into question the job guarantee enjoyed by some employees, increases the already very high legal working hours (54.5 hours in 1996), simplifies the replacement of striking workers by temporary workers and prohibits the creation of new unions. These measures were passed in seven minutes on December 26, 1996, during a secret session of Parliament, in the absence of opposition members. North Korea In 1994, when American president Bill Clinton mulled over attacking Nyongbyon, the centre of