marketed for export. One known improved version (PL-9C). PL-10 – semi-active radar-homing medium-range missile based on the HQ-61 SAM, often confused with PL-11. Did not enter service. PL-10/PL-ASR – short-range IR-guided missile PL-11 – medium-range air-to-air missile (MRAAM), based on the HQ-61C & Italian Aspide (AIM-7) technology. Limited service with J-8-B/D/H fighters. Known versions include: PL-11 – MRAAM with semi-active radar homing, based on the HQ-61C SAM and Aspide seeker technology, exported as FD-60 PL-11A – Improved PL-11 with increased range, warhead, and more effective seeker. The new seeker only requires fire-control radar guidance during the terminal stage, providing a basic LOAL (lock-on after launch) capability. PL-11B – Also known as PL-11 AMR, improved PL-11 with AMR-1 active radar-homing seeker. LY-60 – PL-11 adopted for navy ships for air-defense, sold to Pakistan but does not appear to be in service with the Chinese Navy. PL-12 (SD-10) – medium-range active radar missile PL-12A – with upgraded motor PL-12B – with upgraded guidance PL-12C – with foldable tailfins PL-12D – with belly inlet and ramjet motors F80 – medium-range active radar missile PL-15 – long-range active radar missile TY-90 – light IR-homing air-to-air missile designed for helicopters Soviet Union/Russian Federation K-5 (missile) (NATO reporting name AA-1 'Alkali') – beam-riding Vympel K-13 (NATO reporting name AA-2 'Atoll') – short-range IR or SARH Kaliningrad K-8 (NATO reporting name AA-3 'Anab') – IR or SARH Raduga K-9 (NATO reporting name AA-4 'Awl') – IR or SARH Bisnovat R-4 (NATO reporting name AA-5 'Ash') – IR or SARH Bisnovat R-40 (NATO reporting name AA-6 'Acrid') – long-range IR or SARH Vympel R-23/R-24 (NATO reporting name AA-7 'Apex') – medium-range SARH or IR Molniya R-60 (NATO reporting name AA-8 'Aphid') – short-range IR Vympel R-33 (NATO reporting name AA-9 'Amos') – long-range active radar Vympel R-27 (NATO reporting name AA-10 'Alamo') – medium-range SARH or IR Vympel R-73 (NATO reporting name AA-11 'Archer') – short-range IR K-74M2 Vympel R-77 (NATO reporting name AA-12 'Adder') – medium-range active radar K-77M Vympel R-37 (NATO reporting name AA-X-13 'Arrow') – long-range SARH or active radar Novator KS-172 AAM-L – extreme long-range, inertial navigation with terminal active radar homing South Africa A-Darter – Short-range IR (With Brazil) V3 Kukri – Short-range IR R-Darter – Beyond-visual-range (BVR) radar-guided missile Taiwan Sky Sword I (TC-1) – air-to-air Sky Sword II (TC-2) – air-to-air Turkey Bozdoğan (Merlin) – WVRAAM (within-visual-range air-to-air missile) Gökdoğan (Peregrine)