precious metals, products like silk, porcelain, and dried seafoods should be used for trading. However, the beneficial effects of this policy were limited as the trade of precious metals from Tsushima and Satsuma was uncontrolled by the bakufu. He also simplified rituals for welcoming the Joseon dynasty's ambassadors, in the face of opposition from the Tsushima Confucianist Amenomori Hōshu. Constitutional policy Hakuseki applied the mandate of heaven to both the emperor and the shōgun. Since there had been no revolution to change Japan's basic institutions, he argued that the shogun was subordinate to the emperor and that in showing good governance, moral fortitude and respect to the emperor a shogun proved that he held divine right. He also traced Tokugawa family roots back to the Minamoto clan and thus to a line of imperial descent in order to show that Ieyasu's political supremacy had been fitting. To strengthen the shogun's power and maintain national prestige he proposed changing the title to koku-ō – nation-king. Selected works Hakuseki's published writings encompass 237 works in 390 publications in 6 languages and 3,163 library holdings. 1709 – 本朝軍器考 1709 – . 1711 – , also known as Honchō hōka tsūyō jiryaku ("Short Account of the circulation of currency in this realm"). _. (1828). Fookoua Siriak: traité sur l'origins des richesses au japon (translation of Hōka shiryaku by Julius Klaproth). Paris. (1712). ' 1712 – . 1715 – . A work describing the Occident, based on Hakuseki's conversations with Giovanni Battista Sidotti 1729 – 蝦夷志 1760 – 同文通考 1805 – 東雅 1894 – Hankanfu (藩翰譜). A list of daimyo's family tree 1936 – 新井白石集 1964 – 戴恩記 1977 – 新井白石全集 1977 – 新編藩翰譜 1981 – 新令句解 Koshitsu (古史通). A work that detailed ancient history of Japan Oritaku Shiba-no-ki (折りたく柴の記). A diary and memoir Notes References Brownlee, John S. (1997) Japanese historians and the national myths, 1600–1945: The Age of the Gods and Emperor Jimmu. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press. Brownlee, John S. (1991). Political Thought in Japanese Historical Writing: From Kojiki (712) to Tokushi Yoron (1712). Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press. Screech, Timon. (2006). Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822. London: RoutledgeCurzon. Hatamoto Advisors to Tokugawa shoguns Japanese writers of the Edo period 17th-century Japanese philosophers Japanese Confucianists 1657 births 1725 deaths People from Chiba Prefecture People of Edo-period Japan 18th-century Japanese historians