for steady financial dividends, high quality construction, constantly improving equipment, technological advances (such as replacing wood fuel with coal), and innovation in management techniques for a large complex organization. The railroad's other presidents were: Samuel V. Merrick, (March 31, 1847 – September 1, 1849) William C. Patterson, (September 1, 1849 – February 2, 1852) John Edgar Thomson, (February 3, 1852 – May 27, 1874) Thomas A. Scott, (June 3, 1874 – June 1, 1880) George B. Roberts, (June 1, 1880 – January 30, 1897) Frank Thomson (February 3, 1897 – June 5, 1899) Alexander J. Cassatt (June 9, 1899 – December 28, 1906) James McCrea (January 2, 1907 – January 1, 1913) Samuel Rea (January 1, 1913 – October 1, 1925) William W. Atterbury (October 1, 1925 – April 24, 1935) Martin W. Clement (April 24, 1935 – June 16, 1949) Walter S. Franklin (June 16, 1949 – May 31, 1954) James M. Symes (May 31, 1954 – November 1, 1959) Allen J. Greenough (November 1, 1959 – January 31, 1968) The Pennsylvania Railroad's board chairman/CEOs were: Martin W. Clement (June 16, 1949 – December 31, 1951) James M. Symes (November 1, 1959 – October 1, 1963) Stuart T. Saunders (October 1, 1963 – January 31, 1968) Major routes Main Line The Pennsy's main line extended from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington lines In 1861, the Pennsylvania Railroad gained control of the Northern Central Railway, giving it access to Baltimore, Maryland, and points along the Susquehanna River via connections at Columbia, Pennsylvania, or Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. On December 1, 1871, the Pennsy leased the United New Jersey Railroad and Canal Company, which included the original Camden and Amboy Railroad from Camden, New Jersey (across the Delaware River from Philadelphia) to South Amboy, New Jersey (across Raritan Bay from New York City), as well as a newer line from Philadelphia to Jersey City, New Jersey, much closer to New York, via Trenton, New Jersey. Track connection in Philadelphia was made via the Pennsy's Connecting Railway and the jointly owned Junction Railroad. The Pennsy's Baltimore and Potomac Rail Road opened on July 2, 1872, between Baltimore and Washington, D.C. This route required transfer via horse car in Baltimore to the other lines heading north from the city. On June 29, 1873, the Baltimore and Potomac Tunnel through Baltimore was completed. The Pennsylvania Railroad started the Pennsylvania Air Line