Sommet de Malaval, m Le Grand Veymont, m, highest point of the massif Le Mont Aiguille, m, with its characteristic silhouette, its first ascent in 1492 was the birth of alpinism Le Dôme ou Pié Ferré, m, to the east of Die, in the Glandasse uplands. Principal road cols By descending altitude: Col du Mont Noir, m, between Malleval-en-Vercors and Rencurel Col de l'Allimas, m, between Gresse-en-Vercors and Saint-Michel-les-Portes Col de la Chau, m, between Vassieux-en-Vercors and Bouvante Col de la Bataille, m, between Léoncel and Bouvante Col de Rousset, m (tunnel altitude), between Die and Saint-Agnan-en-Vercors Col de Saint-Alexis, m, between Vassieux-en-Vercors and Saint-Agnan-en-Vercors Col de la Croix-Perrin, m, between Lans-en-Vercors and Autrans - Méaudre Col de Carri, m, between La Chapelle-en-Vercors and Bouvante Col de la Portette, m, in Bouvante Col de l'Arzelier, m, between Château-Bernard and Le Gua Col de Tourniol, m, between Léoncel and Barbières Col de Proncel, m, between Vassieux-en-Vercors and La Chapelle-en-Vercors Col des Limouches, m, between Léoncel and Peyrus Col de Romeyère, m, between Rencurel and Saint-Gervais Col de la Machine, m, between Saint-Jean-en-Royans and Bouvante. The Tunnel du Mortier links Montaud with Autrans, at an altitude of . It was closed on 20 April 1992 after a landslide of 20,000 m3 of rock which involved part of the slope to the north of the route. The instability of the slopes have proved an impediment for the realisation of further work below the site, particularly work on the gorges d'Engins to Sassenage road, the D531. Principal caves The commune in which the cave is situated is given in italics. Réseau du Gouffre Berger, d'Engins en Isère, long, deep. , Autrans-Méaudre en Vercors, long, deep. , Villard-de-Lans, long, deep. , Choranche, long, deep. , Choranche, long, deep. , Corrençon-en-Vercors, long, deep. , Saint-Agnan-en-Vercors, long, deep. Réseau des Chuats, Bouvante, long. The Grotte de Bournillon, located in the commune of Châtelus, has the highest cave opening in Europe (418 meters). Climate The climate of the Vercors due to its elevation is much more rigorous than the lowlands surrounding the massif. The village of La-Chapelle-en-Vercors, approximately in the center of the massif, has a Dfb climate under the Köppen Classification system. Winters are cold; summers are warm; and precipitation, often snow in the winter, is abundant in all seasons. Geology The constituent rocks of the Vercors were formed by sedimentation about 165 million years ago, in