Systems'). 1889: After prolonged delay, Tönnies's editions of Hobbes' Elements of Law Natural and Politic and Behemoth published in English. 1890: Failed to obtain a university professorship; became a Privatdozent at Kiel. 1892: Helped found Society for Ethical Culture, the vehicle for his life-long involvement in various co-operative, social reform and self-improvement movements. 1893: Offered a university chair, on condition that he gave up Society for Ethical Culture, which he refused. 1894: Marriage to Marie Sieck, daughter of a Protestant minister from the Schleswegian town of Eutin. Five children born over the next ten years. 1896: First edition of Thomas Hobbes. Leben und Lehre. Tönnies' support for Hamburg dock strike compounded his difficulties in gaining a university chair. 1899–1900: Tönnies' prize essay on 'Philosophical Terminology' published in an English translation by Helen Bosanquet in Mind. 1904: Visited America for International Arts and Sciences Congress at St Louis. Contacts with sociologists of the Chicago School. 1908: House guest of Max and Marianne Weber during the International Philosophy Congress at Heidelberg. 1909: First edition of his book on Custom ( Die Sitte ). With Weber and Georg Simmel a founder member of the German Society for Sociology. Tönnies was to be president of this body for most of his life. 1912: Second editions of Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft (now subtitled 'Basic Concepts in Pure Sociology') and of Tönnies's study of Hobbes (re-titled Thomas Hobbes. Der Mann und der Denkin) 1913: His first permanent chair, a professorship of 'economic political science', at the university of Kiel. 1917: Publication of Der englische Staat und der deutsche Staat. 1920: Third edition of Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft. 1921: Publication of Marx, Leben und Lehre . 1922: Publication of Kritik der öffentlichen Meinung. 1923: Autobiographical sketch published in Die Philosophie der Gegenwart in Selbstdarstellung . 1925: Tönnies's major writings collected in Soziologische Studien und Kritiken. Third edition of Hobbes. 1931: Publication of Einführung in die Soziologie. 1932: Joined the Social Democratic party to support resistance to the rise of fascism. 1933: Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany. Tönnies stripped of his honorary professorship at Kiel, academic pension and personal library by local Nazi administration. 1935: A major conference at Leipzig in honour of Tönnies's eightieth birthday. Eighth edition of Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft. Publication of his final work, Geist der Neuzeit. 1936: Death of Tönnies. Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft Tönnies distinguished between two types of social groupings. Gemeinschaft—often translated as community