dose of midazolam as a backup means of carrying out executions by lethal injection when a suitable vein cannot be found for intravenous injection. Hydromorphone and midazolam was injected intravenously to execute double-murderer Joseph Wood in Arizona on 24 July 2014. Wood was heavily sedated (surgical anesthesia) within four minutes from start, but took almost two hours to transition to stage 4 (cessation of respiration) and death. References External links Article discussing withdrawal of extended-release hydromorphone from the U.S. market Dihydromorphinones from morphine & analogues United States DEA's perspective, including statistics on manufacture and prescription levels from 1998 to 2006 "When is a pain doctor a drug pusher?", The New York Times, 17 Jun 2007 4,5-Epoxymorphinans Euphoriants German inventions Ketones Mu-opioid receptor agonists Phenols Semisynthetic opioids World Health Organization essential medicines Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate