by Sultan Muhammad Khan's methods of paying the Jabbar Khel only around 13,000 rupees. This cut in their payments raised many concerns, as the payments helped the chiefs maintain their positions by isolating and getting rid of their rivals, the loss of revenue thus, posed a serious threat to their standing within their tribe. Jihad against British Occupation (September–November 1841) A few days after Macnaghten broke the news of the tribal chiefs payments being halved, key tribal chiefs and other prominent leaders who were affected by Macnaghten's reforms, including, Durrani nobles, Ghilzai Khans, and Kohistani Mullah's all met in secret in Kabul and swore on the Quran to unite and “Annihilate” the invaders. One of the first signs of trouble following this secret declaration was when the Tezin Ghilzais plundered a qafila on its way to Kabul. A few days later, the Jabbar Khel attacked, and within a week, British supply lines and communication to Peshawar were completely cut. This was followed by an incited revolt in Laghman, where Muhammad Shah Khan, the father-in-law of Akbar Khan, secured a fatwah from local Mullahs and declared Jihad against the British and Shah Shuja's regime. As a result, Shah Shuja dispatched Hamza Khan, head of the Tezin Ghilzais, to negotiate with Muhammad Shah. When Hamza Khan opened negotiations with Muhammad Shah, he further asked them to continue their revolts. When Hamza Khan returned to Shah Shuja, he was imprisoned for treachery, angering his tribe. As Sale's brigade was about to return to India, Elphinstone ordered him to reopen the Kabul-Jalalabad road, however, since the troops were at the end of their tour of duty, Elphinstone refused to issue them the latest percussion rifles, instead giving them the most oldest and worn-out Brown bess muzzle-loading muskets. The Brown bess was a relic of the Napoleonic wars, and junior officers even referred to them as “useless” and “about as bad specimens of firearms as can be manufactured”. The Brown bess was only effective at short range and less accurate then the Afghan Jezail. Sale's brigade had to fight all the way from Khak to Tezin and often storm heights multiple times to drive off enemy snipers who were harassing them as they marched. When Sale's brigade reached Tezin, the local chiefs subsidy was restored in full, and given an unofficial apology due to the halving of their revenue. At Gandamak, Sale received message from