in 1952, after 23 years as a Justice on the court. During his tenure the court experienced what some have described as a 'Golden Age'. Dixon had strong influence on the court during this period. The court experienced a marked increase in the number of joint judgements, many of which were led by Dixon. The era has also been noted for the presence of generally good relations between the court's judges. Notable decisions of the Dixon court include: The Boilermakers' case Second Uniform Tax case During Dixon's time, the court came to adopt in majority several of the views he had expressed in minority years prior. Barwick court: 1964–1981 Garfield Barwick was appointed Chief Justice in 1964. Among other things, the Barwick court is known for controversially deciding several cases on tax avoidance and tax evasion, almost always deciding against the taxation office. Led by Barwick himself in most judgments, the court distinguished between avoidance (legitimately minimising one's tax obligations) and evasion (illegally evading obligations). The decisions effectively nullified the anti-avoidance legislation and led to the proliferation of avoidance schemes in the 1970s, a result which drew much criticism upon the court. Notable decisions of the Barwick Court include: Bradley v Commonwealth The Concrete Pipes case The Seas and Submerged Lands case The First and Second Territory Senators' cases Russell v Russell Cormack v Cope Victoria v Commonwealth Gibbs court: 1981–1987 Sir Harry Gibbs was appointed as Chief Justice in 1981. Among the Gibbs court's notable jurisprudence is an interpretive expansion of the Commonwealth's legislative powers. Scholars have also noted a tendency away from the traditions of legalism and conservatism that characterised the Dixon and Barwick courts. Notable decisions of the court include: Koowarta v Bjelke-Petersen The Tasmanian Dams case Kioa v West The Chamberlain case A v Hayden Mason court: 1987–1995 Sir Anthony Mason became Chief Justice in 1987. The Mason court is known for being one of the most legally liberal benches of the court. It was a notably stable court, with the only change in its bench being the appointment of McHugh following Wilson's retirement. Some of the decisions of the court in this time were politically controversial. Scholars have noted that the Mason court has tended to receive 'high praise and stringent criticism in equal measure'. Notable decisions of the court include: Cole v Whitfield Dietrich v R Mabo v Queensland (No 2) Polyukhovich v Commonwealth