blocks); jūhō (柔法 soft techniques - throws, pins, chokes, joint manipulations, dodges and releases) and; seihō (整法 healing techniques - acupressure, bone setting, and resuscitation techniques). Doshin So in his book, "What is Shorinji Kempo?", said that he pursued his revelations and the development of the fighting technique of Bodhidharma known as the Arakan no ken (阿羅漢之拳) or the Arhat fist. He believed this to have originated in India around 5,000 years ago. He was inspired by seeing representations of the wall paintings at the Shaolin Temple in China. Those who practice Shorinji Kempo are called kenshi (拳士). Kenshi always salute with gassho (合掌) the greeting commonly used among Buddhist pupils. The gassho-rei(合掌礼) is also gassho-gamae (合掌構) stance, with both palms put together and raised in front of one's face. Qualifications There are qualifications for 1st degree black belt (1st "dan") in order to achieve the steps of body and spiritual training: These are bukai, hōkai, and sōkai. Examples of bukai (武階 martial rank) and corresponding hōkai (法階 philosophical rank): 1st dan (初段 sho-dan) - 准拳士 Jun-kenshi 2nd dan (弐段 ni-dan) - 少拳士 Sho-kenshi 3rd dan (参段 san-dan) - 中拳士 Chu-kenshi 4th dan (四段 yon-dan) - 正拳士 Sei-kenshi 5th dan (五段 go-dan) - 大拳士 Dai-kenshi After having 1st, 2nd and 3rd degree bukai qualifications, kenshi practicing at doin will automatically have Jun-kenshi, Sho-kenshi and Chu-kenshi in hokai qualifications, those kenshi practicing at branches will have these corresponding hokai after joining the training at Shorinji Kempo headquarters in Tadotsu town in Kagawa prefecture in Japan. From 1st to 3rd degree, the examinations are held in each prefectural Shorinji Kempo organization headquarters. However, the special examination is only held at its main headquarters in Tadotsu for the qualifications of 4th degree and above. Outside Japan 3rd degree practitioners (san-dan) are considered teachers. In Japan, 4th degree practitioners (yon-dan) and above are considered teachers, but those ranking at the 5th degree (go-dan) and above are officially called sensei (先生: teacher). Kenshi who obtained 4th dan automatically obtain Sei-kenshi as well. WSKO's qualifications and conditions are a little different from its Japanese domestic counterparts. Arm emblem "category" colors: Red: for doin kenshi Blue: for shibu kenshi Green: for Zenrin Gakuen College kenshi Purple: for WSKO kenshi Arm emblem "title" colors: Gold: for master of doin or shibu Silver: for master of doin or shibu with 4th dan and below Red: assistant master with 3rd