effort the same year against Samuel Chase, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Randolph had been a central proponent of impeaching Chief Justice Chase. In June 1807, Randolph was the foreman of the Grand Jury in Richmond, which was considering the indictment of Aaron Burr and others for treason. By the end of the review, he was angry with Thomas Jefferson for supporting General James Wilkinson, Burr's chief accuser. He considered Wilkinson less than a reputable and honorable person. Defeated for reelection in 1812 due to his opposition to the War of 1812, Randolph was elected in 1814 and 1816. He skipped a term, then was reelected and served from 1819 until his resignation in 1825. During the Missouri Crisis, Randolph emerged as an outspoken defender of the slaveholding gentry and a critic of democracy, even though he repeatedly insisted that he hated slavery. In 1823–1824, John Randolph was asked to seek office as the Democratic-Republican Party candidate for the office of U.S. President in time for the 1824 U.S. presidential election. He declined this offer. Randolph was appointed to the U.S. Senate in December 1825 to fill a vacancy, and he served until 1827. During his time in the Senate, his Whig colleagues, annoyed by the bitterness of his invective, sometimes foreshortened his speeches "by severally quitting their seats when he was speaking to an extent sufficient to leave the Senate without a quorum." Randolph was elected to the Congress again in 1826, becoming the Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means. In 1825, he talked for several days in opposition to a series of measures proposed by President John Quincy Adams; Randolph argued these measures would give advantage to the emerging industrial powers of New England at the expense of the Southern states. This series of speeches was the first Senate filibuster. John Randolph offered many pro-slavery speeches over his long career in Congress. He mocked universal emancipation as an unreliable fantasy. Speaking about Cuba Randolph said, “It is unquestionable but this invasion will be made with this principle – this genius of universal emancipation – the sweeping anathema against the white population… And then, sir, what is the position of the southern United States?” If we should accede, “we should deserve to have negroes for our taskmaster’s, and for the husbands of our wives.“ (Fred Kaplan, John Quincy Adams, 407–8). Randolph was