institutional traditions than on the teachings of Jesus. Hence the replacement of "Christ" by "Church" in the word "Churchianity". Some Protestants apply it to churches that they view as having moved the central focus from Christ to the Church. Others, such as the Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church, see Christ as the centre, but the Church also as essential (extra Ecclesiam nulla salus) because of the close union between Christ and the Church described in Biblical passages such as the Epistle to the Ephesians (see Bride of Christ). There are many opinions as to the ultimate fate of the souls of individuals who are not part of a particular institutional church, i.e., members of a particular church may or may not believe that the souls of those outside their church organization can or will be saved. It has been debated in Protestantism whether or not the Christian Church is in fact a unified heavenly institution with the earthly institutions relegated to secondary status. See also Chicago-Lambeth Quadrilateral Christian ecumenism Church architecture Church attendance Churching of women Evangelical Catholic Germanic Christianity Great Church High church and Low church Inculturation Kingdom of God List of Christian denominations List of Christian denominations by number of members List of popes Missiology Priesthood of all believers Restoration Movement Role of the Christian Church in civilization Unam sanctam References Bibliography University of Virginia: Dictionary of the History of Ideas: Christianity in History, retrieved May 10, 2007 University of Virginia: Dictionary of the History of Ideas: Church as an Institution, retrieved May 10, 2007 Christianity and the Roman Empire, Ancient History Romans, BBC Home, retrieved May 10, 2007 Orthodox Church, MSN Encarta, retrieved May 10, 2007 Catechism of the Catholic Church Mark Gstohl, Theological Perspectives of the Reformation, The Magisterial Reformation, retrieved May 10, 2007 J. Faber, The Catholicity of the Belgic Confession, Spindle Works, The Canadian Reformed Magazine 18 (Sept. 20–27, Oct. 4–11, 18, Nov. 1, 8, 1969)- Boise State University: History of the Crusades: The Fourth Crusade United States Conference of Catholic Bishops: ARTICLE 9 "I BELIEVE IN THE HOLY CATHOLIC CHURCH": 830-831 : Provides Catholic interpretations of the term catholic Kenneth D. Whitehead, Four Marks of the Church, EWTN Global Catholic Network Apostolic Succession, The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001–05. Gerd Ludemann, Heretics: The Other Side of Early Christianity, Westminster John Knox Press, 1st American ed edition (August 1996), , From Jesus to