this large rebellion, he found himself facing thousands of hostile tribesmen. As Nott began advancing upon the citadel, the Ghilzai forces attacked, whereupon Nott responded with disciplined musket fire and grapeshot, inflicting heavy casualties on the Ghilzais. Despite heavy casualties, the Ghilzais continued their attacks on the British lines, attacking and harassing them until five hours later, the Ghilzais fled from the growing losses. Nott's victories in the Helmand and Qalat-I-Ghilzai further reinforced Macnaghten's belief that Afghanistan was pacified, and the war was slowly drawing to a close. As a result, he began underestimating the true lengths of revolts that rose. Macnaghten wrote in August 1841, “Those who knew this country when it was ruled by the Barakzais, are amazed at the metamorphosis it has undergone, and with so little bloodshed”. And when Henry Rawlinson, the political officer in Kandahar, warned Macnaghten that the rebellions were the beginning of a more serious trouble, Macnaghten ignored this, stating: “unwarrantably gloomy view of our position, and entertaining and disseminating rumours favourable to that view. We have enough of difficulties and croakers without adding to the number needlessly. These idle statements may cause much mischief, and, often repeated they are, they neutralise my protestations to the contrary. I know them to be utterly false as regards this part of the country, and I have no reason to believe them to be true regarding your portion of the Kingdom”. As a result of this reinforced belief, Elphinstone and Macnaghten continued ignoring the warnings of experienced Indian officers, and Afghan well-wishers. More Indian troops were withdrawn, and by the end of October 1841, there was just one British and Indian regiment in Kabul, supported by a corps of Shah Shuja's troops. In order to raise the 12,000 men the British expected to fill in the holes of the British withdrawal, Burnes drew up complete reform of the Kingdom's military. Modelled off the British army, a completely new officer corps was raised based on merit rather than birth status. A force of around 1,600 men were raised, known as the Janbaz, was commanded and trained by British officers, but paid at the King's expense. The Janbaz were paid regular wages, and received reward for bravery, and even land grants. A second corp, the Hazarbashis was also established as a personal kings guard, tasked with protecting the King and defending the capital. Though it was not brought