the reader The fourth law of library science, "Save the time of the reader," means that all patrons should be able to easily locate the materials they desire quickly and efficiently. The practice of librarianship creates systems, services, workflows, guides and frameworks to the benefit of practicality to the user. Ranganathan said the fourth law in turn saves the time of the library staff through such practices as centralized classification and cataloging, documenting materials before sending them to the library that ordered them, and mechanizing methods for information retrieval. Fifth Law: A library is a growing organism The fifth law of library science, "A library is a growing organism," means that a library should be a dynamic institution that is never static in its outlook. Ranganathan identified two types of growth: growth that increases the quantity of items in the library's collection, and growth that improves the collection's overall quality through the replacement of materials. Books, methods, and the physical library should be updated over time. There needs to be a consideration of growing physical space, but in the 21st century this has come to mean the multiple formats platforms a collection can encompass. Variants The Law of Parsimony Ranganathan also wrote about what he called "The Law of Parsimony." According to this law, fiscal resources should generally not be allocated to books that have a limited audience. By other individuals In 1998, Michael Gorman, a past president of the American Library Association, recommended the following laws in addition to Ranganathan's five: Libraries serve humanity. Respect all forms by which knowledge is communicated. Use technology intelligently to enhance service. Protect free access to knowledge. Honor the past and create the future. Gorman repeated these laws in Chapter 1 of his book Future Libraries: Dreams, Madness, & Realities, which was co-written by Walt Crawford, and in Our Singular Strengths: Meditations for Librarians. In 2004, librarian Alireza Noruzi recommended the application of Ranganathan's laws to the Web: Web resources are for use. Every user has his or her web resource. Every web resource its user. Save the time of the user. The Web is a growing organism. In 2008, librarian Carol Simpson recommended the following edits to Ranganathan's laws to reflect the richness of media: Media are for use. Every patron his information. Every medium its user. Save the time of the patron. The library is a growing organism. In 2016, Dr.