redundant. (Some countries task their air forces to fly without navigation aids during wartime, thus still requiring a navigator's position). Most civilian air navigators were retired or made redundant by the early 1980s. See also Aeronautical chart Air navigation service provider Air traffic control Air traffic obstacle Aircraft Aircrew Automatic dependent surveillance – broadcast Aviation safety Drift meter ETOPS Flight computer Flight instruments Flight management system Great-circle distance Guidance, navigation and control Instrument landing system Radio navigation Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring Spherical trigonometry Transatlantic flight Wind triangle References Citations Bibliography Grierson, Mike. Aviation History–Demise of the Flight Navigator, FrancoFlyers.org website, October 14, 2008. Retrieved August 31, 2014. FAA Handbook FAA-H-8083-18: Flight Navigator Handbook; 2011; retrieved October 7, 2017; https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aviation/media/FAA-H-8083-18.pdf. Richards, Stu. Remember The Airline Navigator, Props, Pistons, Old Jets And the Good Ole Days of Flying website, January 7, 2009. Retrieved August 31, 2014. External links Earth navigation calculator for Windows (free) Fly Away – Air Navigation tutorials Navigation