the Puttkamer purge and the reality of the Kulturkampf: Some reflections on the historiography of Imperial Germany." Journal of Modern History 54.4 (1982): 647-686. online Bennette, Rebecca Ayako. Fighting for the Soul of Germany: The Catholic Struggle for Inclusion After Unification (Harvard University Press; 2012) Blackbourn, David. "The Political Alignment of the Centre Party in Wilhelmine Germany: A Study of the Party's Emergence in Nineteenth-Century Württemberg," Historical Journal Vol. 18, No. 4 (Dec. 1975), pp. 821–850 in JSTOR Bredohl, Thomas Matthias. Class and Religious Identity: The Rhenish Center Party in Wilhelmine Germany (Marquette University Press, 2000). Cary, Noel D. Path to Christian Democracy: German Catholics and the Party System from Windthorst to Adenauer (1996) Evans, Ellen Lovell. The German Center Party 1870-1933: A Study in Political Catholicism (1981) Jones, Larry Eugene. "Catholic conservatives in the Weimar Republic: the politics of the Rhenish-Westphalian aristocracy, 1918–1933." German History 18.1 (2000): 60-85. Kohler, Eric D. "The Successful German Center-Left: Joseph Hess and the Prussian Center Party, 1908–32." Central European History 23.4 (1990): 313-348. Lutz, Ralph Haswell. "The Collapse of German Democracy under the Brüning Government March 30, 1930–May 30, 1932." Pacific Historical Review (1941) 10#1: 1-14. online Ross, Ronald J. "Critic of the Bismarckian Constitution: Ludwig Windthorst and the Relationship Between Church and State in Imperial Germany," Journal of Church & State (1979) 21#3 pp 483–506. online Ross, Ronald J. Beleaguered Tower: The Dilemma of Political Catholicism in Wilhelmine Germany (1976), Zeender, John. "Ludwig Windthorst, 1812-1891," History (1992) 77#290 pp 237–54 online Zeender, John K. "The German Center Party, 1890-1906." Transactions of the American Philosophical Society (1976) 66#1 pp 1–125. Historiography Anderson, Margaret Lavinia. "Confessions of a Fellow Traveler," Catholic Historical Review (2013) 99#4 pp 623–648. Drury, Marjule Anne. "Anti-Catholicism in Germany, Britain, and the United States: A review and critique of recent scholarship." Church History 70.1 (2001): 98-131 online Zeender, John K. "Recent Literature on the German Center Party," Catholic Historical Review (1984) 70#3 pp 428–441. in JSTOR External links Official web site Website of the European Christian Political Movement, of which the Zentrumspartei is a member Catholic Encyclopedia article 1870 establishments in Germany Catholic political parties Centrist parties in Germany Christian democratic parties in Germany Christian political parties in Germany History of Catholicism in Germany Political parties established in 1870 Political parties in the Weimar Republic Politics of the German Empire Pope Pius IX Social conservative parties Formerly banned political parties