in Gramophone Company of India Ltd. v Birendra Bahadur Pandey, the Court held that "the rules of international law are incorporated into national law and considered to be part of the national law, unless they are in conflict with an Act of Parliament." In essence, this implies that international law applies domestically unless parliament says it does not. This decision moves the Indian Constitution to a more hybrid regime, but not to a fully monist one. Flexibility According to Granville Austin, "The Indian constitution is first and foremost a social document, and is aided by its Parts III & IV (Fundamental Rights & Directive Principles of State Policy, respectively) acting together, as its chief instruments and its conscience, in realising the goals set by it for all the people." The constitution has deliberately been worded in generalities (not in vague terms) to ensure its flexibility. John Marshall, the fourth chief justice of the United States, said that a constitution's "great outlines should be marked, its important objects designated, and the minor ingredients which compose those objects be deduced from the nature of the objects themselves." A document "intended to endure for ages to come", it must be interpreted not only based on the intention and understanding of its framers, but in the existing social and political context. The "right to life" guaranteed under Article 21 has been expanded to include a number of human rights, including: the right to a speedy trial; the right to water; the right to earn a livelihood, the right to health, and the right to education. At the conclusion of his book, Making of India's Constitution, retired Supreme Court Justice Hans Raj Khanna wrote: See also Constitution Day (India) Constitutional economics Constitutionalism History of democracy List of national constitutions Magna Carta Rule according to higher law Uniform Civil Code Explanatory notes Citations General bibliography External links The Constitution of India Original as published in the Gazette of India Original Unamended version of the Constitution of India Ministry of Law and Justice of India – The Constitution of India Page Constitution of India as of 29 July 2008 Constitutional predilections online copy 1949 in law B. R. Ambedkar India History of the Republic of India Indian documents