who guard the Heavenly Palace and carry it so that it does not fall. Divine Nāgas (), who benefit mankind by causing the clouds to rise and the rain to fall. Earthly Nāgas () who drain off rivers (remove the obstructions) and open sluices (outlets). Nāgas who are lying hidden () who guard the treasures of the "Cakravartin" () and blesses mankind. Hangzhou Tianlong "Heavenly Dragon from Hangzhou" was a 9th-century Chan Buddhist master who enlightened Juzhi Yizhi by holding up one finger. The Blue Cliff Record (tr. Cleary 1977:123-8) calls this "Chu Ti's One-Finger Ch'an" kōan. Second, tianlong translates Sanskrit deva-nāga "Devas and Nāgas", the 2 highest categories of the Tianlong Babu "8 kinds of beings that protect the Dharma". The lower 6 categories are yecha "Yaksha; cannibalistic devils; nature spirits", gantapo "Gandharva; half-ghost music masters", axiuluo "Asura; evil and violent demigods", jialouluo "Garuda; golden bird-like demons that eat dragons", jinnaluo "Kinnara; half-human half-bird celestial music masters", and maholuluojia "Mahoraga; earthly snake spirits". Tianlong Babu is also the title of a 1963 wuxia novel by Jin Yong, translated as English Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils. This Chinese title is further used by movies, television series, and a Massively multiplayer online role-playing game. Proper names Tianlong is a common name in Standard Chinese. Tianlongshan "Heavenly Dragon Mountain", which is located near Taiyuan in Shanxi, is famous for the Tianlongshan Shiku Grottoes (). The commercial name Tianlong "Heavenly Dragon" is used by companies, hotels, and gungfu schools. Japanese Tenryū or , a loanword from Chinese Tianlong, is a comparable proper name. A famous example is Tenryū-ji "Heavenly Dragon Temple" in Kyoto, which is headquarters of the Tenryū-ji Branch of the Rinzai sect. Tenryū place names include a waterway (Tenryū River ), a city (Tenryū, Shizuoka ), and a village (Tenryū, Nagano ). Further examples include Imperial Japanese Navy names (Japanese cruiser Tenryū ), and personal names (Genichiro Tenryu , a wrestler). References Carr, Michael. 1990. "Chinese Dragon Names", Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 13.2:87–189. Cleary, Thomas and J. C. Cleary. 1977. The Blue Cliff Record. Shambhala. Eberhard, Wolfram. 1968. The Local Cultures of South and East China. E. J. Brill. Mair, Victor H. 1990. Tao Te Ching: The Classic Book of Integrity and the Way, by Lao Tzu; an entirely new translation based on the recently discovered Ma-wang-tui manuscripts. Bantam Books. Read, Bernard E. 1934. "Chinese Materia Medica VII; Dragons and Snakes," Peking