belief of another, it is not determined by reason, but by certain principles, which associate together the ideas of these objects, and unite them in the imagination.” These connections are formed in the mind by observation and experience. Hume does not believe that any of these associations are “necessary’ in a sense that ideas or object are truly connected, instead he sees them as mental tools used for creating a useful mental representation of the world. Later members Later members of the school developed very specific principles elaborating how associations worked and even a physiological mechanism bearing no resemblance to modern neurophysiology. For a fuller explanation of the intellectual history of associationism and the "Associationist School", see Association of Ideas. Applications Associationism is often concerned with middle-level to higher-level mental processes such as learning. For instance, the thesis, antithesis, and synthesis are linked in one's mind through repetition so that they become inextricably associated with one another. Among the earliest experiments that tested the applications of associationism, involve Hermann Ebbinghaus' work. He was considered the first experimenter to apply the associationist principles systematically, and used himself as subject to study and quantify the relationship between rehearsal and recollection of material. Some of the ideas of the Associationist School also anticipated the principles of conditioning and its use in behavioral psychology. Both classical conditioning and operant conditioning use positive and negative associations as means of conditioning. Karatani's theory Kojin Karatani, a Japanese philosopher, refers to Hannah Arendt's remark about council communism (Soviet or Räte) that it does not emerge as a result of tradition or theory of revolutions, but "entirely spontaneously, each time as if it had never existed before", and that such a social construct is the same as what has been called socialism, communism, anarchism, etc., but because these names are cloying and misleading, he calls it X or associationism in his book. See also Calculus of relations Connectionism Family resemblance Prototype theory Pocket Knife Brain versus Meatloaf brain Argument Lisa Feldman Barrett, a distinguished professor at Northeastern University, specialist in affective sciences, and author of the novel “Seven and A Half Lessons about the Brain”, uses a metaphor commonly known as the Pocket Knife Brain and the Meatloaf brain to develop a deeper argument to faculty psychology and associationism. She interchangeably uses the pocket knife with faculty psychology to connect the two ideas together. She argues that every