apparently under Gaulish influence. The Celtic Gaulish language is thought to have survived into the 6th century in France, despite considerable cultural Romanization. Coexisting with Latin, Gaulish helped shape the Vulgar Latin dialects that developed into French, with effects including loanwords and calques (including , the word for "yes"), sound changes shaped by Gaulish influence, and influences in conjugation and word order. A computational study from 2003 suggests that early gender shifts may have been motivated by the gender of the corresponding word in Gaulish. Frankish The pronunciation, vocabulary, and syntax of the Vulgar Latin spoken in Roman Gaul in late antiquity was modified by the Old Frankish language, spoken by the Franks who settled in Gaul from the 5th century and conquered the future Old French-speaking area by the 530s. The name français itself is derived from the name the Franks. The Old Frankish language had a definitive influence on the development of Old French, which partly explains why the earliest attested Old French documents are older than the earliest attestations in other Romance languages (e.g. Strasbourg Oaths, Sequence of Saint Eulalia). It is the result of an earlier gap created between Classical Latin and its evolved forms, which slowly reduced and eventually severed the intercomprehensibility between the two. The Old Low Franconian influence is also believed to be responsible for the differences between the langue d'oïl and the langue d'oc (Occitan), being that various parts of Northern France remained bilingual between Latin and Germanic for some time, and these areas correspond precisely to where the first documents in Old French were written. This Germanic language shaped the popular Latin spoken here and gave it a very distinctive identity compared to the other future Romance languages. The very first noticeable influence is the substitution of the Latin melodic accent by a Germanic stress and its result was diphthongization, differentiation between long and short vowels, the fall of the unaccented syllable and of the final vowels: decimus, -a 'tenth' > disme > French dîme 'tithe' (> English dime; Italian decimo, Spanish diezmo) dignitate > deintié (> English dainty; Italian dignità, Romanian demnitate) catena > chaeine (> English chain; Italian catena, Cast./Occitan cadena, Portuguese cadeia) Additionally, two phonemes that had long since died out in Vulgar Latin were reintroduced: and (> g(u)-, ONF w- cf. Picard w-): altu > halt 'high' (influenced by Old Low Frankish [] *hōh ; ≠ Italian,