of Royal Marines served together with a mixed British expeditionary force of veteran Scotsmen, Swiss, Canadian militiamen, and armed sailors, which probed American outposts on Lake Ontario in the Battle of Fort Oswego. Malcolm's Royal Marines battalion made up about half of the actual landing force under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Karl Victor Fischer (1766–1821) of the De Watteville regiment, (a veteran Swiss regiment in British pay), which assaulted and carried the American positions. Both Fischer and Malcolm were praised for their active role in the action. Lieutenant Colonel Malcolm commanded another battalion on the Chesapeake in the Battle of Bladensburg; the burning of Washington; and the Battle of Baltimore. Malcolm and his Marines continued to operate on the Atlantic coast, as far south as Georgia's Sea Islands and Spanish Florida, until the peace was established in May 1815. In addition to the brevet promotions on the Army List, Sir James Malcolm was knighted in 1815 as a Knight Commander of the Bath (KCB) for his valour and merit on the North American Station. Later career and retirement Brevet Lieutenant Colonel Sir James Malcolm continued to serve in the peace establishment until 1827. He advanced to the substantive rank of Major in the Royal Marines in 1821. In 1826 he was confirmed in the substantive rank of Lieutenant Colonel of the Corps of Royal Marines. Sir James then retired to Dumfriesshire, Scotland, where he figured among members of his household on the 1841 Scotland Census. Military promotions and distinctions Second Lieutenant, H.M. Marine Forces, appointed on 29 November 1779. First Lieutenant, H.M. Marine Forces 18 April 1793. Captain Lieutenant, H.M. Marine Forces 1796. Captain, H.M. Marine Forces 1 January 1797. Note: H.M. Marine Forces redesignated as Royal Marines 29 April 1802. Brevet Major (Army List), 6 February 1806. Brevet Lieutenant Colonel (Army List), 4 June 1813. KCB 2 January 1815. Major, Royal Marines 19 July 1821. Lieutenant-Colonel, Royal Marines 19 July 1826. Sir James Malcolm disposed of his commission and left the Royal Marines on 6 November 1827. He was allowed to retain his rank and his name was carried (in italics) on the annual British Army Lists from 1828 until 1850, (the year following his death,) as a lieutenant colonel with seniority dating from June 1813. Together which such names as Sir Richard Williams, George Lewis, Sir Edward Nicolls, John Robyns, and Thomas Benjamin Adair, Sir James Malcolm