not say this openly because of his fear from the caliph. After Al-Nasser died in 1225, Ibn Athir wrote about the Caliph's role in Mongol invasion as follows: Ibn Kathir also said: Ibn Wasil, Al-Maqrizi and Ibn Khaldun also confirmed Ibn Athir's narration. Genghis' army raid ِDespite Muhammad II's apparent authority, he was unprepared to defend his polity in case of the Mongol attack. During preparations for the war, he collected taxes from his people three times in one year, causing dissatisfaction and unrest among the population. Before the invasion, Sultan Muhammad formed a council composed of his army commanders. Imam Shahab al-Din Khiyoqi, one of the famous jurists and teachers of Khwarazm, proposed to bring as many soldiers as possible from different corners of the empire and prevent Mongols from crossing Seyhan, but the commanders of the Khwarazmian army did not fancy his plan. They suggested that they wait for the Mongols to arrive to Transoxiana and reach the difficult straits. They also proposed to attack the Mongols when they would be having certain difficulties considering their supposed lack of knowledge of the loсal terrain. The Sultan didn't give importance to the counsel of Shahab al-Din, and accepted the plan of the latter before scattering his troops to protect major cities of the empire. Sultan Muhammad, meanwhile, left for Balkh. The conquest of Transoxiana In September 1219, Genghis Khan arrived at Utrar, on the border of the Khwarezmshah territory, and divided his forces into three part; He assigned one part to his sons Ögedei and Chagatai to besiege Otrar, sent another part under the command of Jochi to take the cities around Seyhan River towards the city of Jand, and he himself moved towards Bukhara with his son Tolui at the head of the main forces. Genghis always used the services of advisers, roadmen and merchants during his campaigns. Therefore, there was always a group of Muslim merchants, who were familiar with roads of Khwarzamia, were in his camp for their advice. Also, after the start of the invasion, some of the commanders of Kwarazmia who were hostile to him like Badr al-Din Omid, whose father and uncle were killed by the order of Sultan Muhammad, also joined Mongol army and gave a lot of information to Genghis about the situation in the Sultan's court and the roads. From the method of attack, the division of the army and