than in opposition to party-state institutions." Writing on China, Badran argued that State feminisms' have been discredited elsewhere as well [e.g., in China] following the collapse of communist and socialist regimes." After Germany split, the East side saw the implementation of Mütter- und Kinderschutzgesetz. This policy constructed a comprehensive state ran child care program that consequently led to an unprecedented 78 percent employment rate for women The countries centralized government has been attributed to a major reason as to why feminists were able to successfully implement policy Additionally, higher government funding allowed for more ensured success for social programs before reunification. Criticism "Many feminists [...] consider the notion of a state feminism to be an oxymoron." Independent women's movements may be prohibited by the government. State feminism can also be a way that the government takes over the role of speaking for and on behalf of women, rather than letting women themselves speak and make demands. Market Feminism Some argue that the term state feminism is dated. This is because the ever-changing political structure has overgrown the complexity which state feminism can represent. During the latter part of the 20th century, the state's source of power was redistributed through supranational unions and federalism. Along with this, a shift of power towards non-elected officials and NGOs meant other actors were now working with along the state to form policy. Through this, policy agencies experienced a depoliticization where governments must not control policy but guide it. Due to this, women movements had to adjust directions towards "professionalization" and "transnationalization". Professionalization consists of forming NGOs and funding gender experts to create their own sources of policy agencies. On the other hand, the transnatinalization of women movements has seen global women's networks working with supranational organizations to implement women's issues into treaties and other international policy. From this, it can gathered that neoliberalism's restructuring of the state have affected how feminist policy is implemented. Kantola and Squires offer a more modern term, "market feminism", which performs similarly but requires that the relationship between "agencies and the movement with the state" be distinctly different in such that they have "specific strategies, funding, and discourses that rely on market ideas and practices." References Bibliography External links Feminist movements and ideologies Feminism in Turkey Feminism and society Social programs Society of Turkey Politics of Turkey 20th century in Turkey Society of Yemen Politics of Yemen History of