of Władysław Broniewski and Konstanty Ildefons Gałczyński), B. Bandi (Polish folk literature), P. Biambasan and D. Kim (novels by Ewa Szelburg-Zarembina). The most important translator was Byambyn Rinchen (1905–77): writer, historian, ethnographer and linguist, who translated into Mongolian many main literary works of many world literatures, including (directly from Polish) works of Adam Mickiewicz, Wanda Wasilewska, Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz and Jerzy Andrzejewski. There are translations of his ethnographical books into Polish. The number of translations of contemporary Mongolian literature into Polish is not very big. As in the case of translations from Polish to Mongolian, many texts were translated through the Russian language. To the most important belong Opowiadania mongolskie [Mongolian Stories] by Tsendiin Damdinsüren (1953), Wiersze [Poems] by Begzin Yavuuhulan (1962) and the novel Przejrzysty Tamir [The Crystal Clear Tamir River] by Chadraabalyn Lodoidamba (1980). Translations directly from Mongolian were published mainly in the orientalist journal Przegląd Orientalistyczny, for example poetry and prose of Dashdorjiin Natsagdorj translated by Stanisław Godziński and Adam Latusek. Godziński translated also a selection of Mongolian epic poetry and chronicles (W kręgu lamajskich legend i mitów [Among lamaist legends and myths], 1981). To the most important translators of the classic Mongolian literature belongs Stanisław Kałużynski. He prepared Głosy z Jurty [Voices of the yurts] (1960) – a selection of Mongolian riddles, parables, proverbs, etc.; Tajna historia Mongołów (1970), a translation of the anonymous thirteenth-century Mongolian chronicle The Secret History of the Mongols; Tradycje i legendy ludów Mongolii [Traditions and legends of the peoples of Mongolia] (1978), which include excerpts from the seventeenth-century chronicle Erdeniin Tobchi and Mongolian folk epic poetry. Among Polish writers, whose works were affected by the culture of Mongolia, were Wacław Sieroszewski – especially his novel Dalaj Lama [The Dalai Lama] (1927) and its versions for children W niepodległej Mongolii [In the independent Mongolia] (1937); Ferdynand Antoni Ossendowski – especially his travel novel Przez kraj ludzi, zwierząt i bogów [In the country of people, animals and gods] (1923); Kamil Giżycki (Przez Urianchaj i Mongolię, 1929); Przecław Smolik, an author of the story on the life of Buryats Wśród wyznawców Burchan-Buddhy [Among the believers of Burchan-Buddha] (1925). References Bibliography Ludwik Bazylow, Historia Mongolii, Wrocław 1981 Adam Latusek, chapter Mongolia of the article Orient, in: Literatura polska. Przewodnik encyklopedyczny, vol. 2, Warszawa 1985 Jerzy Strzelczyk (ed.), Spotkanie dwóch światów. Stolica Apostolska a świat mongolski w połowie XIII wieku. Relacje powstałe w związku z misją Jana