The policy of taxation in the Philippines is governed chiefly by the Constitution of the Philippines and three Republic Acts. Constitution: Article VI, Section 28 of the Constitution states that "the rule of taxation shall be uniform and equitable" and that "Congress shall evolve a progressive system of taxation". national law: National Internal Revenue Code—enacted as Republic Act No. 8424 or the Tax Reform Act of 1997 and subsequent laws amending it; the law was most recently amended by Republic Act No. 10963 or the Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion Law; and, local laws: major sources of revenue for the local government units (LGUs) are the taxes collected by virtue of Republic Act No. 7160 or the Local Government Code of 1991, and those sourced from the proceeds collected by virtue of a local ordinance. Taxes imposed at the national level are collected by the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR), while those imposed at the local level (i.e., provincial, city, municipal, barangay) are collected by a local treasurer's office. National taxes The taxes imposed by the national government of the Philippines include, but are not limited to: income tax; estate tax; donor's tax; value-added tax; percentage tax; excise tax; and documentary stamp tax. Income tax Income tax for individuals Citizens of the Philippines and resident aliens must pay taxes for all income they have derived from various sources, which include, but are not limited to: compensation income (e.g., salary and wages); income of self-employed individuals and/or professionals; capital gains; interests; rents; royalties; dividends; annuities; prizes and winnings; pensions; and, partner's share from the profits of partnership. Compensation and self-employment income Individuals, including nonresident aliens, earning compensation income are taxed based only on the income tax schedule for individuals. On the other hand, self-employed individuals and professionals are taxed based on the income tax schedule for individuals, applicable percentage taxes, and value-added tax (VAT). However, if their gross sales (or gross receipts plus other non-operating income) does not exceed the VAT threshold, they have the option to be taxed either on the basis of the income tax schedule for individuals and the applicable percentage taxes, or just with a flat tax rate of 8% on their gross sales (or gross receipts plus other non-operating income). Interests, royalties, prizes and other winnings Interest income from bank deposits, deposit substitutes, trust funds, and other similar products (except for its long-term variants) is