with Spain right after signing the alliance, without the Republic and England being aware of this. However, Henry IV did ask the Spanish ambassador if a comprehensive peace between all warring parties was possible, but the Spanish envoy considered it unlikely that Philip II was willing to make peace with rebels who refused to allow the public practice of the Catholic faith. England was also negotiating for a peace with Spain in those years, but it took until 1604 before peace was made with Spain with the Treaty of London. This treaty also required England to take no further part in the war between Spain and the Republic. Finally, Spain also tried to arrange for a peace or a ceasefire with the Dutch Republic, especially after the Battle of Nieuwpoort in 1600, but it would take until 1609 for both states to agree to the Twelve Years' Truce. Sources (1861): Tien jaren uit den tachtigjarigen oorlog, 1588-1598 (1867): Schets van de diplomatieke betrekkingen tusschen Nederland en Brandenburg, 1596-1678. Kemink en zoon (1998): Leids heelal: het Loterijspel (1596) Publisher lost References 1596 treaties Eighty Years' War (1566–1609) Treaties of England Treaties of the Kingdom of France Treaties of the Dutch Republic 1596 in the Dutch Republic 1596 in England 1596 in France Dutch Republic–England relations Dutch Republic–France relations England–France relations