consideration of women and their relation to class″ while her proposals were not always adopted. During wartime: criticism of colonialism and imperialist feminism In 1923, a big earthquake, Great Kanto Earthquake, hit the Kanto area, including Tokyo. After the earthquake, the rumor that Koreans had poisoned a well was spread. A lot of Koreans, Chinese, and Taiwanese were killed by the military police and vigilantes who believed the rumor. Not only did Yamakawa criticize the military police and vigilantes for these actions, but she also denounced the Japanese who internalized anti-foreignism as a result of imperial and colonial education. During wartime, famous Japanese feminists and suffragists appeared to abandon their oppositional stance and embrace nationalism, aiming at getting women's rights and improving women's status. However, ″Yamakawa was one of the few prewar women's rights activists who did not support state actions or the state mobilization of women.″ She continued to criticize the government, but the onset of the Pacific War made it impossible for her to openly criticize the government. The head of the Women's and Minors' Bureau (1947–1951) After the Second World War, Yamakawa Kikue and her husband Hitoshi both joined the Japan Socialist Party. When the cabinet of Katayama Tetsu newly organized the Ministry of Labor and established the Women's and Minors' Bureau under the Ministry, Yamakawa was asked to be the first head of the Bureau. She served from 1947 to 1951. After the service, she engaged in research of the liberation of women and women's issues with younger researchers in addition to publishing and organizing committees for women's issues. She died of a stroke at the age of 90 in 1980. After she passed away, women cherishing her established the Yamakawa Kikue Memorial Organization which still exists today. List of works From the Standpoint of Women (女の立場から) 1919 The Modern Life of Women (現代の生活と婦人) 1919 Women's Rebellion (女性の反逆) 1922 May Day (メーデー) 1923 Women's issues and Movements (婦人問題と婦人運動) 1925 Liebknechit and Luxembourg (リープクネヒトとルクセンブルク) 1925 Proletarian Feminist Movements (無産階級の婦人運動) 1928 Women's Fifty Lessons (女性五十講) 1933 Women and Social Conditions: Collection of Commentaries (婦人と世相 評論集) 1937 Women Are Working (女は働いてゐる) 1940 Autumn and Pigs in a Village (村の秋と豚 随筆集) 1943 The Village I Live in (わが住む村) 1943 Women of Samurai Family（武家の女性）1943 For the Women of Tomorrow（明日の女性のために）1947 Japanese Democratization and Women（日本の民主化と女性）1947 Comments on the Liberation of Women (婦人解放論) 1947 New Principle of Wage, Beatrice Webb, Research of Gender Pay