Artistic Works (IIC) was formed and Stout became its first president. In 1958, the ICC published an updated edition of H.J. Plenderlief's "The Conservation of Antiquities and Works of Art". One of the first systematic explanation of the mechanisms of deterioration including metals. Late 1900s In 1951, at the Sixth Session of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) general conference, the Swiss government proposed establishment of a global institution to encourage research and awareness of conservation. In 1959, Plenderleith became the first director of the International Centre for the Study of Preservation and restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM). The collective mindset for conservation preservation changed the way museums and their directors address collections. Two other conservators of metallurgy are: Robert M. Organ (1920-2011), a conservation scientist specializing in metals at the British Museum, whose work in metal deteripration especially in the areas of archaeological corroded bronze and silver are essential to the profession of modern conservation. Otto Nedbal, goldsmith and metal restorer and conservator, taught at the University of Vienna founding the first class in metal and enamel restoration in 1964. 2000's As a result of the scientific research in well over the last 100 years, conservation has become more focused on: the preservation of a collection, the control of the environment and the agents of deterioration. ICOM -CC Metals working group Conferences in 1995, 1998,2001 , 2004, 2007 ,2010,2013 ,2016 , and 2019 are all focused on metal conservation. These conferences have and will continue to shed light on metals deterioration. Providing information on the newest research innovations of preservation and conservation treatments of metals and the interactions with their surroundings. The last thirty plus years have also stressed minimalist conservation measures, but these methods of treatment can often come into conflict with visitor and sometimes researcher(s)' use of the object(s). The care of a collection is complex and an interdisciplinary approach of concessions and compromises taking in to account all the criteria is now needed with everyone's input. See also Conservation and restoration of outdoor bronze artworks Conservation and restoration of copper-based objects Conservation and restoration of ferrous objects Conservation and restoration of glass objects Conservation and restoration of ivory objects Conservation and restoration of ceramic objects Conservation and restoration of silver objects Further reading Essential literature Corrosion and metal artifacts : a dialogue between conservators and archaeologists and corrosion scientists, Washington 1977. (online) Conservation &