Netherlands. There are seven utility companies that own the regional energy grids: Cogas Infra en Beheer, Enduris, Enexis, Liander, Stedin Netbeheer, and Westland Infra Netbeheer. Electricity per person and by power source In 2008, the Netherlands consumed electricity on average 7,463 kWh/person, which was equal to the EU15 average (EU15: 7,409 kWh/person). In 2014, this 6,713 kWh/person, which is a decrease of 10% compared to 2008. Coal-based power generation The Netherlands has five coal-fired plants. Three new coal-fired plants were opened from 2015–2016, two in the Maasvlakte and one in the Eemshaven. At the same time three old plants were closed down in Nijmegen, Borssele and Geertruidenberg. Additionally, two other plants (Maasvlakte I and II) are planned to be closed before 1 July 2017. A discussion is taking place on what to do with the operational five coal-fired plants, whether they should be closed down or not. However, according to the government the remaining five plants should stay open because the Netherlands depends on the energy produced by these coal-fired plants. The tables show an overview of the operational and recently closed/opened coal-fired power plants in the Netherlands. Operational Closed Use According to IEA, the electricity use (gross production + imports – exports – transmission/distribution losses) in the Netherlands in 2008 was 119 TWh. In 2014, the electricity use decreased to 113 TWh. The electricity generated by wind energy increased from 1990 to 2013 by an average of 19% per year to 2,713 MW. In 2013, wind energy generates 9% of the total electricity power in the Netherlands – compared to 3.9% in 2009. The wind capacity installed at end 2010 would, in a normal wind year, produce 4,1% of the total electricity, while the equivalent value for Germany is 9,4%, Portugal 14%, and Denmark 39% in 2014. The Netherlands has three connections with Germany and two with Belgium, both alternating current power lines. Additionally, it has direct current (HVDC) submarine power cables to Norway (the 700 MW NorNed cable since 2008), with England (the 1,000 MW BritNed cable since 2011), and with Denmark (the 700 MW COBRAcable cable since 2019. Possibilities to connect wind farms to this cable are being looked into. In addition, a fourth connection with Germany is being realised. A 24 MW / 48 MWh grid battery opened in 2022. Global warming The total emissions of carbon dioxide per capita in 2007 were 11.1 tons CO2.