it must be capable of applying a constant resistance. The most commonly used testing ergometer in the World is the Monark 894E Wingate testing ergometer. Relevant Calculations Peak Power (PP) Ideally measured within the first 5 sec of the test, and is calculated by: where t is time in seconds. On an ergometer with mechanical brakes the force is the resistance (kg) added to the flywheel, while distance is: where is the distance around the flywheel (measured in meters). Peak power values are given on a computer with electromagnetically braked ergometers. Power is expressed in Watts (W). Relative Peak Power (RPP) This allows for comparisons between people of varying sizes and body masses, and is calculated by: where BW is body weight. Anaerobic Fatigue (AF) Anaerobic fatigue shows the percentage of power lost from the beginning to end of the Wingate. This is calculated by: where PP is peak power and LP is lowest power. Anaerobic Capacity (AC) Anaerobic capacity is the total work completed during the test duration. where is power at any point starting at the beginning of the test (i) to the end (n). Testing Considerations Diurnal variations occur within the body in many forms, such as hormone levels and motor coordination, therefore it is important to consideration what effects may become apparent in Wingate testing. Recent studies have confirmed that circadian rhythms can significantly alter peak power output during a Wingate test. According to these studies, an early morning Wingate test elicits significantly lower peak power values than a late afternoon or evening Wingate test. As in every physical exertion, several outside factors can play a role in Wingate performance. Motivation is present in almost every sporting event, and some believe that it can improve performance. Cognitive motivation has not been shown to influence Wingate performance; emotional motivation however has been found to improve peak power ratings. It is therefore suggested that all outside factors that involve emotion be standardized if possible in Wingate testing environments. Another important outside factor is warm-up. According to some literature, a 15-minute intermittent warm-up improved mean power output by 7% while having no impact on peak values. These findings suggest that warm-up is an unimportant factor in peak power levels, but if mean power is the variable of interest it is important to standardize the warm-up. Since the Wingate test stresses the anaerobic metabolic systems glucose consumption pre-testing can be