When Hitler invaded France, Vishniak escaped to the United States, but he could not persuade his friend Fondaminsky to flee; Fondaminsky was later killed in Auschwitz. Exile in America Vishniak himself settled in New York in 1940. He became an American citizen and a respected figure in American journalism and academia: He served on the editorial board of Time Magazine and worked as its consultant on Russian affairs. He also taught Russian language and literature at Cornell University. One of his students was the historian Richard Pipes. Vishniak wrote prolifically on the history of the Russian Revolution, Bolshevism and Soviet policy, his memoirs, the Jewish community, etc. His memoirs include A Tribute to the Past (1954) and Years of Emigration, 1919-1969. References Further reading Vichniak, M., Lénine (Coll. "Ames et visages"), Paris, Librairie Armand Colin, 1932. 266 pp. Vishniac, M., Dan proshlomy [Tribute to the Past], New York, 1954. Vishniak, M., "Lenin's Democracy, and Stalin's." In: Foreign Affairs. Council of Foreign Relations, 1946. Glad, J. (ed.), Conversations in Exile: Russian Writers Abroad. Duke UP, 1993. Snopov, V., A. Klempert, M. Jerusalem (ed's), Jews in Moscow: Collectied Material. Gesharim - Bridges of Culture, 2003, pp. 355–373. 1883 births 1976 deaths Politicians from Moscow People from Moskovsky Uyezd Jewish Russian politicians Socialist Revolutionary Party politicians Russian Constituent Assembly members Jewish socialists Imperial Moscow University alumni