of support and aid related to displacement Article 10: discusses displacement related to or stemming from development Article 11: outlines a resolution for displacement Article 12: discusses ways to combat the effects of displacement for affected individuals and groups Article 13: relates documentation facet of issue Articles 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, and 23: outlines policy mechanisms and operations related internally displaced persons Impact After its adoption, it became the first regional treaty on internal displacement of its kind in the World. It has been widely accepted that the Convention's terms, regulations, and definitions have greatly expanded upon formerly utilized and related legal documents and treaties, especially the 1998 Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement. Despite this, it was estimated in 2018 by the United Nations Higher Commission on Refugees that seven of the top ten countries with the highest IDP populations were in Africa. Many countries with large IDP populations, including Sudan, have not yet arrived at ratifying the Convention and/or implementing similar legislation and policy. Lately, increased attention has been given to the issue of IDPs across the African continent. Official African Union conferences and workshops related to the Kampala Convention have taken place since 2016. This includes the Conference of States party to the Kampala Convention in Harare, Zimbabwe, occurring in 2017, resulting in the Harare Plan of Action— a guiding document for Convention implementation. Furthermore, in 2018 the AU adopted a “model law” on the Convention, a document accessible by States and to be used in the drafting and formalization of domestic legislation and policies related to the Convention and its goals. 2019 was designated by the African Union as the ‘Year of Refugees, Returnees, and Internally Displaced Persons’— with many states in recent years ratifying and becoming closer to ratifying the Convention and/or adopting similar domestic policies, and/or creating separate bodies to coordinate responses promoted by the Convention. It has also been further included and implicated in many important policy frameworks for the African continent, including the Migration Policy Framework for 2018-2030, and the Agenda 2063 framework produced by the AU in 2015. Criticism, debate Although ratification of the Convention has occurred in most African Union states, questions related to the larger and more pivotal enforcement execution processes have been raised— including in nations such as Nigeria, in which over one million IDPs reside. Reports generated by the International Committee for the