and white panels, and 9th and 10th dan holders may wear solid red belts). As in some European countries, young judoka in Brazil have an extra system in place to show the progress in between two kyū grades. The sub rank exists between white and orange belts and is symbolized by the ends of the current belt being the color of the next rank. Canada In Canada belt rankings for Seniors are, in ascending order: white, yellow, orange, green, blue, brown and finally black. Belt rankings for Juniors use, white, white-yellow, yellow, yellow-orange, orange, orange-green, green, green-blue, blue, blue-brown, and brown. Australia In Australia belt rankings for Seniors are, in ascending order: white, yellow, orange, green, blue, brown and finally black. Belt rankings for Juniors follow the same ranks and colours (up to and including brown), but have either 1, 2 or 3 white bars (depending upon age) at each end of the belt, as follows: If the judoka is aged up to 10 (Mon), there are to be 3 white bars. Between 10 and 13 (Yonen), there are 2 bars. Finally, for 13 to 16 years of age (Shonen), there is a single bar. Ireland In Ireland the senior belt system is white, yellow, orange, green, blue, brown and black. A practitioner must be at least sixteen before being eligible to grade for blackbelt. For white, yellow, orange and green belt gradings are held in the practitioners club and are based on demonstration of a syllabus and kata. For promotion to blue and brown the judoka must compete at a national grading against players of their own rank and win at least two fights by ippon or wazari. To achieve black belt a judoka must earn 100 points i.e. 10 points for every ippon or waza-ari victory against a brown belt. United Kingdom In the United Kingdom, the British Judo Association Kyu Grade system is as follows: Novice - white belt 6th Kyu - red belt 5th Kyu - yellow belt 4th Kyu - orange belt 3rd Kyu - green belt 2nd Kyu - blue belt 1st Kyu - brown belt A practitioner must be at least fifteen before being eligible to grade for black belt. United States In the United States only senior players (usually those age 16 and over) are allowed to earn dan levels, signified by wearing a black belt. The United States Judo Federation (USJF)