of special interest because of their special endemism. In the Urkiola Natural Park there aren't own unique species. Fauna The fauna of Urkiola Natural Park consists mainly of typical Euro-Siberian species. Others are Mediterranean origin, Ethiopian Eastern and cosmopolitan. The distribution is the following: Euro-Siberian: 83%. Mediterranean: 13%. Cosmopolitan 3%. Ethiopian Eastern: 1%. 126 species of vertebrates have been catalogued, excluding Chiroptera (bats), The following table shows the distribution according to their class: In the park are a number of protected species, 64 are included in the "National Catalogue of Endangered Species". There are three species can be caught and 12 that can be hunted. The Birds Directive of the European Community protects 19 species while the Habitats Directive protects the other 15. There are 106 species that are protected by the Berne Convention, 30 for the Bonn Convention and 15 by the Washington Convention. The "Basque Catalogue of Threatened Species" includes 36 species that are present in the park. The history of human occupation Urkiola Natural Park contains traces of human occupation since prehistoric times. The caves in the gorge of Atxarte, in the massif of Anboto attest to this. Some ceramic fragments from the Roman Empire and Middle Ages are to be found in the remains of walls in the park. Uses of resources in the park Logging Logging in Urkiola Natural Park has taken place since time immemorial, in particular beech pollard used for making charcoal, and oaks used for firewood, and pine plantations for the production of paper pulp. Between 1990 and 2006 of forest have been planted in different species, including of hardwood, mainly beech, birch and oak, and of conifers, primarily Douglas fir, radiata pine, larch and Sitka spruce. Agricultural and livestock activities Livestock and pastoral activity has actively contributed to the formation of the current landscape of the park. Livestock primarily consists of sheep, cattle and horses. The sheep are for producing milk for cheese and curds. The cattle and horses are raised for meat. Hunting and Fishing Hunting and fishing activities have little relevance within the Urkiola Natural Park. Around the park hunting is provided in some specific areas where it is mainly for migratory species like woodcock, dove and thrush. Hunted species include hares, which maintain a high population, and there is some wild boar, deer and partridge. Fishing is non-existent within the Park area. References External links Urkiola Natural Park