of at least three species of Dypsis palms. Within these phytotelmata, egg laying and complete larval development occur. Andreone et al. never observed individuals outside dead fallen Dypsis phytotelmata that were lying on the forest floor or that contained rainfall. Call The advertisement call of B. angolafa starts at the end of September and continues mostly continuously until the end of February to early March. Calling males are usually heard during the dusk and early at night. The call consists of two notes, rather similar to those described for B. grandisonae and B. domerguei. Note of type 1 is a long and clearly pulsed note with a duration of 221–233 ms and consisting of 9–11 pulses that are repeated with a pulse repetition rate of 44–52 per second. One such pulsed note is followed by an irregular series of up to 13–29 notes of type 2 which are shorter and of irregular structure. Notes of type 2 can be short clicks consisting of a single main pulse and with a duration of 10–17 ms (n=2) or can consist of up to eight distinctly separated pulses each and then have durations of 63–86 ms, with all intermediate states occurring so that a clear distinction of further different note types is not possible. Intervals between notes of type 2 in a note series have a duration of 73–191 ms. The frequency appears as a more or less regular band between about 2,500–5,500 Hz; although, the fundamental frequency may be higher than 2,500 Hz. Trends and threats B. angolafa are only known from phytotelmata of Dypsis palms. These palms are suffering from selective logging and deforestation. Thus, the conservation situation for B. angolafa is potentially and negatively affected by the palms' threatened status. Most of the Dypsis palms (or at least Dypsis lastelliana) are also threatened by selective logging habitat destruction, fire, harvesting for palm heart, and plant and seed collection by palm enthusiasts. Phylogenetic relationships Andreone et al. suggest that the reproductive mode of B. angolafa is a derived character, having evolved from the more typical reproduction in lentic water bodies. The general scarcity of lentic habitats in Malagasy rain forests may have provided the conditions that favoured the evolution of this phytotelmic breeding strategy. See also Amphibians of Madagascar References External links Blommersia angolafa AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation Blommersia angolafa ARKive: Ultimate multimedia guide to the world's endangered