upper reaches and they were possibly were cultural successors to the Ordos culture ( 6th to 2nd centuries BCE; from late Shang to early Western Zhou), with pastoralism gradually becoming dominant, and the Xianyun society boasted "a considerable size and high concentration of power", allowing them to field hundreds of chariots against the Zhou. Further, Li suggests that the Xianyun and Quanrong were either closely related or the term Quanrong was invented during Eastern Zhou period to denote the Xianyun. Li points to evidence from the Western Zhou bronze inscriptions, the Classic of Poetry, Guoyu, the Bamboo Annals, and that when the name Xianyun became written graphically pejorative as 獫狁 with the 犭"dog" radical, the character 獫's notion of dog motivated the coining of Quanrong (犬戎 ; lit. "Dog Barbarians"). Notes References See also Ethnic groups in Chinese history Xirong Guifang Xunyu Xiongnu Ancient peoples of China Xiongnu