disposal. (Two other authors, Vicary Daud Abdullah and Keon Chee, also talk of a contract with a guarantee of safe-keeping but which may be invested and not kept locked up called Wadiah yad dhamanah, apparently a different spelling of yadd ad damanh—Arabic for "guarantee"). Sources also differ on Amanah. Financialislam.com says it is a trust and an Islamic bank cannot use these funds for its operations, but Islamic-banking.com says a bank can if it "obtains authority" of depositor. Reuters talks about amanah needing to be "guarded and preserved". Abdullah and Chee, refer to amanah as a type of wadiah—Wadiah yad amanah—that is property deposited on the basis of trust or guaranteeing safe custody and must be kept in the banks vaults. (All sources note that the trustee of amanah is not liable for loss of the property entrusted if there is an "unforeseen mishap" (Abdullah and Chee), "resulting from circumstances beyond its control" (financialislam.com), or unless the trustee has been in "breach of duty" (Reuters).)Mohammad Hashim Kamali. Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence [Islamic Texts Society, 3rd Ed., 2003], p. 335, cited in (According to Mohammad Obaidullah, Amanah is "unacceptable" as an "approach to deposits", but wadiah or qard are acceptable). Other sharia-compliant financial instruments Sukuk (Islamic bonds) Sukuk, (plural of صك Sakk), is the Arabic name for financial certificates developed as an alternative to conventional bonds. They are often referred to as "Islamic" or "sharia-compliant" bonds. Different types of sukuk are based on different structures of Islamic contracts mentioned above (murabaha, ijara, wakala, istisna, musharaka, istithmar, etc.), depending on the project the sukuk is financing. Instead of receiving interest payments on lent money as in a conventional bond, a sukuk holder is given "(nominal) part-ownership of an asset" from which he/she receives income "either from profits generated by that asset or from rental payments made by the issuer". A sukuk security, for example, may have partial ownership of a property built by the investment company seeking to raise money from the sukuk issuance (and held in a Special Purpose Vehicle), so that sukuk holders can collect the property's profit as rent. Because they represent ownership of real assets and (at least in theory) do not guarantee repayment of initial investment, sukuk resemble equity instruments, but like a bond (and unlike equity) regular payments cease upon their expiration. However, in practice, most sukuk are "asset-based" rather than "asset-backed"—their assets are not truly