science in order to balance the size and speed of fee progression. Advantages A climate income has several notable advantages over other emission reduction mechanisms: Social justice and acceptability. While there is broad scientific consensus that a carbon tax is the most powerful way to reduce emissions, such a tax necessarily increases prices and the cost of living. By handing out the revenue of this tax as a universal climate income, the price rise is largely compensated. It has been calculated that in total, low and middle incomes would go up under a system of climate income. Market based and cross-sector. Unlike complex regulatory approaches, a fossil fuel fee allows market forces to reduce emissions in the most efficient and cost effective way. Cross-sector. There is a broad range of sources of carbon emissions. Regulatory approaches and emissions trading often address only one or a couple of sectors. A truly universal fossil fuel fee addresses all these sectors at once. Moreover, through a universal price on -equivalent emissions, the fee can cover other greenhouse gases (such as methane and nitrous oxide) or emission sectors (industry, agriculture) as well. Compatible. The mechanism is compatible with other measures and regulations imposed by the government, such as investments in education, research and infrastructure. Revenue neutral. A climate income would not increase the budget of the government, or utilise the imposed carbon fee as a means to balance the government deficit. Carbon fee and dividend should avoid fuel protests that have occurred in many places. Studies Energy Modeling Forum study 2012 In late 2012 the Energy Modeling Forum (EMF), coordinated by Stanford University, released its EMF29 study titled "The role of border carbon adjustment in unilateral climate policy". It is well understood that unilateral climate policy can lead to emissions leakage. As one example, trade-exposed emissions-intensive industries may simply relocate to regions with laxer climate protection. A border carbon adjustment (BCA) program can help counter this and related effects. Under such a policy, tariffs are levied on the carbon embodied in imported goods from unregulated trading partners while the original climate protection payments for exported goods are rebated. The study finds that the BCA programs evaluated: can reduce emissions leakage yield modest gains in global economic efficiency shift substantial costs from abating OECD counties to non-abating non-OECD countries In light of these findings, the study recommends care when designing and implementing BCA programs. Moreover,