held by many white American doctors, often resulting in decreased quality of care for African American patients. One such example is the discrepancy in cardiovascular surgical procedures between white and black patients. Compared to their white counterparts, black patients are less likely to receive necessary coronary bypass surgeries and lipid-lowering medications upon discharge from the hospital. This means that black patients leave treatment centers with a significantly different health outcome. African American patients are also less likely to receive a referral for Cardiac rehabilitation following a cardiac event and/or surgery. As a result, this potentially exacerbates other issues, creates development of ancillary conditions, disability, or even death from a lack of care due to subliminal racism. It is actions like these from White doctors that contribute to the higher incidence of non-communicable disease, such as heart disease, in the black community and shorter life expectancy. Some White health care providers also maintain problematic, overt ideas about their Black patients, with being seen as less intelligent, less able to abide by treatment regimens, and more inclined to be subjects of risky behavior than their White counterparts. Institutionalized racism exhibits itself both in material conditions and in access to power. Whether through differential delivery and access to a quality education, appropriate housing, necessary employment, or any others that are regarded as the basics or necessities in life, reflect material conditions. An education is foundational to being able to achieve and attain for a better standards of living and longevity in life. However, with inequity in an education comes being place at a disadvantage, which doesn't level the playing ground for equal attainment. In the case of the black community, not only is the population discriminated against on the basis of race, but socioeconomic status, which gives rise to even greater inequality. In the aspect of access to power, examples include differential access to information (including one's own history), resources and expressing concerns or rights as equal members of the public. One potential cause of this discrepancy in treatment is the systematic racism present in the medical field that targets the work of African American scientists. Research shows that doctors and scientists of color are significantly underfunded in the medical community, and are less likely than their white colleagues to win research awards from the National Institute of Health (NIH). Since patients of color are often treated by white doctors, miscommunication is common;