and film productions (September 4). An American B-29 reconnaissance plane discovered a large ice floe 300 miles north of Alaska. Nine miles in width, 17 miles long, and ideal for the basing of aircraft, "Target X" was the first of three "floating bases" used by the United States. Born: Larry Graham, Bassist for the band Sly and the Family Stone, in Beaumont, Texas August 15, 1946 (Thursday) The "Truman Doctrine" was announced by U.S. President Harry S. Truman, who told Turkey's President İsmet İnönü that the United States would provide its assistance to help Turkey resist Soviet demands for control of the Dardanelles straits. Over the next year, Truman lobbied Congress to provide more than $400,000,000 in aid to both Turkey and Greece as part of American strategy in the Middle East. The Alfred Hitchcock-directed thriller film Notorious starring Cary Grant, Ingrid Bergman and Claude Rains premiered in New York City. Died: Edward R. Bradley, 86, horse breeding magnate August 16, 1946 (Friday) "Direct Action Day", which was intended as a peaceful protest in favor of creating a separate Muslim nation of "Pakistan", rather than having a Hindu-majority government in an independent British India, turned into rioting that killed more than 10,000 people in and around Calcutta. Muslim League leader Muhammad Ali Jinnah had set a day "for the Muslim Nation to resort to direct action to achieve Pakistan and assert their just rights to vindicate their honor" after the League decided not to participate in a government with the Hindu Indian National Congress led by Mahatma Gandhi. Historians disagree as to which side began the killing, but before the violence was put down, 3,000 Hindus and 7,000 Muslims had been murdered in religious violence. The founding conference of the All Hyderabad Trade Union Congress is convened in Secunderabad, Hyderabad State. The Kurdistan Democratic Party was founded in Iraq by Mustafa Barzani. Born: Jim Brochu, American stage actor and playwright, in Brooklyn August 17, 1946 (Saturday) Robert Penn Warren's novel All the King's Men was published for the first time, by Harcourt Press. Soviet physicist Pyotr L. Kapitsa was removed from his posts and put under house arrest after offending Lavrentiy Beria. Kapitsa, who would be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1978, was reportedly spared from execution by order of Joseph Stalin, and lived until 1984. First Sergeant Lawrence Lambert of the U.S. Army Air Forces became the