symptoms. In a study of victims' perceptions of undermining they had experienced, Crossley found that when an offense was severe, the victim was more likely to believe that the offender committed the action with malicious intent or due to personal greed. Generally, victims' perceptions of the offenders' intentions relate to whether the victim responds to the undermining in a negative fashion with feelings of anger and a desire for revenge, or in a positive fashion with a desire to reconcile with the offender. Posttraumatic embitterment disorder can be a reaction to this feeling of victimisation. See also References Further reading Books Academic articles Psychological abuse Bullying Interpersonal conflict Communication theory Workplace Workplace bullying