on the long hood sides and a yellow V on each end. In the 1990s many of them began to be repainted in the Spoornet orange livery with a yellow and blue chevron pattern on the buffer beams. Some later received the Spoornet Traction maroon livery. In the late 1990s a few were repainted in the Spoornet blue livery with outline numbers on the long hood sides. After 2008 in the Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa (PRASA) era, at least one was repainted in the PRASA blue livery. Illustration References 3400 C-C locomotives Co′Co′ locomotives Co+Co locomotives Electro-Motive Division locomotives GMSA locomotives Cape gauge railway locomotives Railway locomotives introduced in 1978 1978 in South Africa