plane as well as defeat of Mamai severely weakening the Golden Horde allowed the establishment of a new, independent Durdzuk state―The Principality of Simsir. Further, (Nakh) rulers of fragments of the former Kingdom of Alania united several regions, thus forming kingdoms, as well as other nations. Those were: Principality of Simsir, today's Chechnya, Ingushetia, and parts of Dagestan, ruled and established by Khour II, its capital being the Simsar village. Kingdom of Buriberd todays, Karachay-Cherkessia, ruled and established by Burak Khan, its capital being the Buriberd fortress. Kingdom of Pulad, today's North Ossetia-Alania and parts of Ingushetia and Kabardino-Balkaria, ruled and established by Pul-Adi, its capital being the Pulad fortress. Kingdom of Kuli and T'aus, today's Kabardino-Balkaria, ruled and established by Kuli and T'aus, its capital being the fortresses Kuli and T'aus Avar Khanate, today's south-eastern region of Dagestan, ruled and established by Surakat, its capital being Khunzakh. Note that in Zafarnama, the names of these kingdoms stem from the king that ruled over them, not the actual name of the state. These states existed between 1362, with the end of Khour's reconquest of the plane, until 1395, with the Timurid invasions. Insurgency in Aukh Unlike it's southern neighbor, the people of Aukh, known as "Ovkhoy" In Chechen and "Avakhar" in the chronicle Zafarnama, waged a brutal war against the Golden Horde. This war took place in the last quarter of the 15th century, was made up of five major battles. Due to the weakened status of the Golden Horde and the threat of Timur, Tokhtamysh could not focus on the "Avakhar" and withdrew. Yanbek, a commander from the Akkiy Teip of Chechnya, was elected the leader of the uprising. In the first two battles, the Battle of the Terek River and the Battle of Amarka, the Avakhar, led by Yanbek, successfully defeated the forces of the Golden Horde. During the 3rd battle however, the most brutal one according to Amin Anguni, the Battle of Keshn'e, the Chechen forces were almost defeated. During the battle, an army from the Gazikumukh Shamkhalate under Shovkhal, also opposers of the Golden Horde, came to help the Avakhar in their struggle. The tide of the battle was turned, with approximately 3.000 Mongol soldiers being killed. Yanbek however was also killed during the battle, and was succeeded by his son Ma'adiy, who continued the insurgency. Today, the mountins in Aukh are called "Yanbeka lamnash", meaning