µm. They are amyloid, meaning they will stain blue to black when treated with Melzer's reagent. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are 35–42 by 7–9 µm, club-shaped, four-spored, and have clamps at their bases. The abundant cheilocystidia (cystidia on the gill edge) are thin-walled, and measure 40–80 by 5–15 µm. The smooth, colorless, and thin-walled spindle-shaped cells sometimes come to an abruptly tapering point; they form a sterile gill edge. Like the cheilocystidia, the pleurocystidia (cystidia on the gill face) are also spindle-shaped, abundant, smooth and thin-walled; they measure 63–102 by 8–15 µm. The hymenophoral tissue (tissue of the hymenium-bearing structure) is made of smooth, thin-walled element hyphae that are 3–25 µm wide, roughly cylindrical (often inflated), hyaline (translucent), and dextrinoid (turning reddish to reddish-brown in Melzer's reagent). The cap cuticle is made of parallel, bent-over hyphae that are 2–6 µm wide, and cylindrical. They can be either smooth, or covered with scattered, warty or finger-like thin-walled brownish diverticulae. The underlying hyphae have a parallel arrangement, and are hyaline or brownish, dextrinoid, with short and inflated cells that are up to 35 µm wide. The stem cuticle is made of parallel, bent-over hyphae measuring 3–6 µm wide. These hyphae, as well as the terminal cells (caulocystidia), have characteristics similar to the hyphae of the cap cuticle. The flesh of the stem is composed of longitudinally arranged, cylindrical hyphae that are 6–20 µm wide, smooth, hyaline, and dextrinoid. Clamp connections are present in the cortical layer of cap and stem, and at the basal septa of the basidia. Similar species Mycena lanuginosa closely resembles M. pilosella, a species originally described from Netherlands by Maas Geesteranus, and the European species M. zephirus; both are in the section Fragilipedes. Mycena pilosella differs in several microscopic characteristics: it has densely diverticulate elements of the cap cuticle; long, cylindrical caulocystidia that diverge at a right angle; and it does not have pleurocystidia. Mycena zephirus is distinct in forming a whitish cap, a stem that is initially minutely hairy but later becomes smooth, radish-like odor, ellipsoid to cylindrical spores, and cheilocystidia with branches near the tip. Habitat and distribution Mycena lanuginosa is known only from Kanagawa, in Honshu, Japan. Fruit bodies are found solitary or scattered, on dead leaves and twigs in lowland forests dominated by the oak species Quercus myrsinifolia and Q. serrata. Fruiting occurs from March to November. References External links The Agaricales in Southwestern