the American people". In the 1890s, the New Orleans Times-Picayune published editorials in favor of disenfranchisement of Negroes on the basis that they were "unfit to vote, ignorant, shiftless, depraved and criminal-minded", and would be controlled by a "ring" of white politicians. In September 1895 after a "pow-wow" of the Negro Republican Party, the Picayune claimed that whites would be willing to accept subordinate positions in the party to control the Negro vote. In his 1920 book Children of the Slaves, the British author Stephen Graham mentions that in New Orleans the Negro Republican Party could not count for much in votes. African American males were allowed some voting rights in Alabama until 1901, when the state functionally disenfranchised them although still technically letting them register. The Negro Republican Party in Birmingham, Alabama was organized in opposition to the lily-white Republican party, after that party prevented any of the twenty-five black delegates from taking part in its Birmingham convention. In Maryland, while the Democrats were typically against allowing blacks to vote at all, the Republicans wanted to give them this and other basic rights, but many did not want blacks to hold important political offices or to have frequent contact with whites. Their vote was important to the Republicans, however. In 1909, at a time when the Democrats were pushing for disenfranchisement in the state, the Republicans called on all members of the Negro Republican Party to turn out on voting day in every district. See also Civil rights movement Civil rights movement (1896–1954) List of African-American Republicans :Category:Negro Republican Party politicians References Further reading Abbott, Richard H. "The Republican Party Press in Reconstruction Georgia, 1867-1874." Journal of Southern History 61.4 (1995): 725-760. in JSTOR Cox, LaWanda, and John H. Cox. "Negro suffrage and Republican politics: The problem of motivation in Reconstruction historiography." Journal of Southern History (1967): 303-330. in JSTOR Drago, Edmund L. Black Politicians and Reconstruction in Georgia: A Splendid Failure (1992) Fitzgerald, Michael W. "'To Give Our Votes to the Party': Black Political Agitation and Agricultural Change in Alabama, 1865-1870." Journal of American History 76.2 (1989): 489-505. in JSTOR Holt, Thomas. Black over white: Negro political leadership in South Carolina during Reconstruction (1979). Nathans, Elizabeth Studley. Losing the Peace: Georgia Republicans and Reconstruction, 1865-1871 (LSU Press, 1969) Black political parties in the United States Republican Party (United States) Political parties established in 1867