not generally separated into schools, but two major contemporary orthodox economic schools of thought are the "saltwater and freshwater schools". The saltwater schools consist of the universities and other institutions located near the East and West Coast of the United States, such as Berkeley, Harvard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Pennsylvania, Princeton, Columbia, Duke, Stanford and Yale. Freshwater schools include the University of Chicago, Carnegie Mellon University, the University of Rochester and the University of Minnesota. They were referred to as the "freshwater school" since Pittsburgh, Chicago, Rochester and Minneapolis are located nearer to the Great Lakes. The Saltwater school is associated with Keynesian ideas of government intervention into the free market while the Freshwater schools are skeptical of the benefits of the government. Mainstream economists do not in general identify themselves as members of a particular school, but they may be associated with approaches within a field such as the rational-expectations approach to macroeconomics. See also Concepts Consumption (economics) Economic liberalism Economic sociology Financial market Free price system Gains from trade History of capitalism History of economic thought Industrial Revolution Mass production Objectivism Positive non-interventionism Spontaneous order People Amartya Sen Andrew Carnegie Ayn Rand Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk Frank Stilwell Frederic Bastiat Friedrich Engels John D. Rockefeller John Locke Joseph Stiglitz J. P. Morgan Karl Marx Milton Friedman Works Capitalism and Freedom Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal Economics in One Lesson Free to Choose Grundrisse Individualism and Economic Order Man, Economy, and State The Anti-Capitalistic Mentality The Law References Further reading Abu-Lughod, Janet L. Before European Hegemony The World System A.D. 1250–1350. New York: Oxford UP. 1991. Josephson, Matthew, The Money Lords; the great finance capitalists, 1925–1950, New York, Weybright and Talley, 1972. Capitalism Capitalist systems Economic liberalism Ideologies Social philosophy Individualism