Alpha + are "other highly integrated cities that complement London and New York, largely filling in advanced service needs for the Pacific/Asia": Beijing Dubai Hong Kong Paris Shanghai Singapore Tokyo Alpha Amsterdam (1) Brussels Chicago Frankfurt Jakarta Kuala Lumpur Los Angeles Madrid Mexico City Milan Moscow Mumbai São Paulo Sydney (1) Toronto Alpha − Bangkok (1) Bangalore (1) Boston (1) Buenos Aires (1) Dublin Guangzhou (1) Istanbul (1) Johannesburg Lisbon Luxembourg City Manila Melbourne (1) Montreal Munich New Delhi Prague Riyadh San Francisco Santiago Seoul (1) Shenzhen Stockholm Taipei (1) Vienna Warsaw (1) Zürich (1) Beta Beta level cities are cities that link moderate economic regions to the world economy and are classified into three sections, Beta +, Beta, and Beta − cities. Beta + Atlanta Auckland Barcelona (1) Beirut (1) Berlin (1) Bogotá (1) Brisbane (1) Bucharest Budapest (1) Cairo Chengdu Copenhagen Dallas Doha Düsseldorf Hamburg Houston (1) Lima Miami (2) Rome (1) Tel Aviv Vancouver Washington, D.C. (1) Beta Abu Dhabi Athens (1) Cape Town Casablanca Chennai Chongqing (1) Denver Hangzhou (1) Hanoi (1) Helsinki (1) Ho Chi Minh City (1) Karachi Kyiv Manama Montevideo Nairobi Nanjing Oslo Panama City (1) Perth (1) Philadelphia Rio de Janeiro Seattle (1) Tianjin Beta − Almaty Amman (2) Austin (2) Belgrade Bratislava Calgary (1) Caracas (1) Changsha Dalian Detroit (1) Dhaka Edinburgh Geneva George Town Guatemala City (1) Hyderabad (1) Jeddah Jinan Kampala Kuwait City (1) Lagos (1) Lahore (1) Lyon Manchester Minneapolis (1) Monterrey Muscat (1) Nicosia Osaka (1) Quito Saint Petersburg (2) San Diego (2) San José San Salvador Shenyang Sofia (1) Stuttgart Tampa (2) Tunis Wuhan (1) Xiamen Xi'an (1) Zagreb (1) Zhengzhou (1) Gamma Gamma level cities are cities that link smaller economic regions into the world economy and are classified into three sections, Gamma +, Gamma, and Gamma − cities. Gamma + Adelaide Ahmedabad (1) Algiers (1) Antwerp (1) Baku (1) Baltimore (1) Belfast (1) Charlotte (1) Cologne (2) Dar es Salaam Glasgow Guadalajara (1) Hefei (1) Islamabad (1) Kolkata (1) Kunming (1) Ljubljana (1) Medellín (2) Orlando (2) Phnom Penh (2) Phoenix (1) Porto (1) Pune Qingdao (1) Riga Rotterdam San Jose (1) St. Louis (1) Suzhou (1) Tbilisi (1) Gamma Ankara Bristol Colombo (1) Dakar (2) Durban (1) Gothenburg (3) Guayaquil (1) Haikou (3) La Paz Malmö (3) Managua (2) Nantes (1) Nashville (1) Ottawa (1) San Juan (2) Santo Domingo Taichung (3) Tegucigalpa