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zlib before 1.2.12 allows memory corruption when deflating (i.e., when compressing) if the input has many distant matches. An out-of-bounds heap read in Busybox's unlzma applet leads to information leak and denial of service when crafted LZMA-compressed input is decompressed. This can be triggered by any applet/format that internally supports LZMA compression. A use-after-free in Busybox's awk applet leads to denial of service and possibly code execution when processing a crafted awk pattern in the getvar_i function. A use-after-free in Busybox's awk applet leads to denial of service and possibly code execution when processing a crafted awk pattern in the next_input_file function. A use-after-free in awk leads to denial of service and possibly code execution when processing a crafted awk pattern in the clrvar function. A use-after-free in awk leads to denial of service and possibly code execution when processing a crafted awk pattern in the hash_init function. A use-after-free in awk leads to denial of service and possibly code execution when processing a crafted awk pattern in the getvar_s function. A use-after-free in awk leads to denial of service and possibly code execution when processing a crafted awk pattern in the evaluate function. A use-after-free in Busybox's awk applet leads to denial of service and possibly code execution when processing a crafted awk pattern in the handle_special function. A use-after-free in awk leads to denial of service and possibly code execution when processing a crafted awk pattern in the evaluate function. A use-after-free in awk leads to denial of service and possibly code execution when processing a crafted awk pattern in the nvalloc function. OpenVPN 2.1 until v2.4.12 and v2.5.6 may enable authentication bypass in external authentication plug-ins when more than one of them makes use of deferred authentication replies, which allows an external user to be granted access with only partially correct credentials. A flaw was found in the Linux kernel. This flaw allows an attacker to crash the Linux kernel by simulating amateur radio from the user space, resulting in a null-ptr-deref vulnerability and a use-after-free vulnerability. The c_rehash script does not properly sanitise shell metacharacters to prevent command injection. Under certain circumstances, the command line OCSP verify function reports successful verification when the verification in fact failed. In this case the incorrect successful response will also be accompanied by error messages showing the failure and contradicting the apparently successful result. The used OpenSSL version improperly reuses memory when decoding certificates or keys. This can lead to a process termination and Denial of Service for long lived processes. valid.c in libxml2 before 2.9.13 has a use-after-free of ID and IDREF attributes. A malicious server can serve excessive amounts of "Set-Cookie:" headers in a HTTP response to curl and curl < 7.84.0 stores all of them. A sufficiently large amount of (big) cookies make subsequent HTTP requests to this, or other servers to which the cookies match, create requests that become larger than the threshold that curl uses internally to avoid sending crazy large requests (1048576 bytes) and instead returns an error.This denial state might remain for as long as the same cookies are kept, match and haven't expired. Due to cookie matching rules, a server on "foo.example.com" can set cookies that also would match for "bar.example.com", making it it possible for a "sister server" to effectively cause a denial of service for a sibling site on the same second level domain using this method. curl < 7.84.0 supports "chained" HTTP compression algorithms, meaning that a serverresponse can be compressed multiple times and potentially with different algorithms. The number of acceptable "links" in this "decompression chain" was unbounded, allowing a malicious server to insert a virtually unlimited number of compression steps.The use of such a decompression chain could result in a "malloc bomb", makingcurl end up spending enormous amounts of allocated heap memory, or trying toand returning out of memory errors. When curl < 7.84.0 saves cookies, alt-svc and hsts data to local files, it makes the operation atomic by finalizing the operation with a rename from a temporary name to the final target file name.In that rename operation, it might accidentally *widen* the permissions for the target file, leaving the updated file accessible to more users than intended. When curl < 7.84.0 does FTP transfers secured by krb5, it handles message verification failures wrongly. This flaw makes it possible for a Man-In-The-Middle attack to go unnoticed and even allows it to inject data to the client. When curl is used to retrieve and parse cookies from a HTTP(S) server, itaccepts cookies using control codes that when later are sent back to a HTTPserver might make the server return 400 responses. Effectively allowing a"sister site" to deny service to all siblings. nfqnl_mangle in net/netfilter/nfnetlink_queue.c in the Linux kernel through 5.18.14 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (panic) because, in the case of an nf_queue verdict with a one-byte nfta_payload attribute, an skb_pull can encounter a negative skb->len.