Characidium is een geslacht van straalvinnige vissen uit de familie van de grondzalmen (Crenuchidae).

Soorten 
 Characidium alipioi Travassos, 1955
 Characidium bahiense Almeida, 1971
 Characidium bimaculatum Fowler, 1941
 Characidium boavistae Steindachner, 1915
 Characidium boehlkei Géry, 1972
 Characidium bolivianum Pearson, 1924
 Characidium borellii Boulenger, 1895
 Characidium brevirostre Pellegrin, 1909
 Characidium caucanum Eigenmann, 1912
 Characidium chupa L. P. Schultz, 1944
 Characidium crandellii Steindachner, 1915
 Characidium declivirostre Steindachner, 1915
 Characidium etheostoma Cope, 1872
 Characidium etzeli Zarske & Géry, 2001
 Characidium fasciatum Reinhardt, 1867
 Characidium gomesi Travassos, 1956
 Characidium grajahuensis Travassos, 1944
 Characidium hasemani Steindachner, 1915
 Characidium heinianum Zarske & Géry, 2001
 Characidium heirmostigmata da Graҫa & Pavanelli, 2008
 Characidium interruptum Pellegrin, 1909
 Characidium japuhybense Travassos, 1949
 Characidium lagosantense Travassos, 1947
 Characidium lanei Travassos, 1967
 Characidium laterale Boulenger, 1895
 Characidium lauroi Travassos, 1949
 Characidium longum Taphorn, Montaña & Buckup, 2006
 Characidium macrolepidotum Peters, 1868
 Characidium marshi Breder, 1925
 Characidium nupelia da Graҫa, Pavanelli & Buckup, 2008
 Characidium occidentale Buckup & dos Reis, 1997
 Characidium oiticicai Travassos, 1967
 Characidium orientale Buckup & dos Reis, 1997
 Characidium pellucidum Eigenmann, 1909
 Characidium phoxocephalum Eigenmann, 1912
 Characidium pteroides Eigenmann, 1909
 Characidium pterostictum Gomes, 1947
 Characidium purpuratum Steindachner, 1882
 Characidium rachovii Regan, 1913
 Characidium roesseli Géry, 1965
 Characidium sanctjohanni Dahl, 1960
 Characidium schindleri Zarske & Géry, 2001
 Characidium schubarti Travassos, 1955
 Characidium serrano Buckup & dos Reis, 1997
 Characidium steindachneri Cope, 1878
 Characidium stigmosum de Melo & Buckup, 2002
 Characidium tenue Cope, 1894
 Characidium timbuiense Travassos, 1946
 Characidium vestigipinne Buckup & Hahn, 2000
 Characidium vidali Travassos, 1967
 Characidium xanthopterum Silveira, Langeani, da Graҫa, Pavanelli & Buckup, 2008
 Characidium xavante da Graҫa, Pavanelli & Buckup, 2008
 Characidium zebra Eigenmann, 1909

Grondzalmen