text: As president, Obama will immediately close the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet, which experts say funneled floodwater into New Orleans.

evidence_id: Hurricane Gustav:82

article: Hurricane Gustav

evidence: The Mississippi River was shut to all ship traffic between the Gulf of Mexico and New Orleans on August 30.

evidence_id: Hurricane Katrina:135

article: Hurricane Katrina

evidence: Hard-hit St. Bernard Parish was flooded because of breaching of the levees that contained a navigation channel called the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MR-GO) and the breach of the 40 Arpent canal levee that was designed and built by the Orleans Levee Board.

evidence_id: Hurricane Katrina:149

article: Hurricane Katrina

evidence: The Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MR-GO) breached its levees in approximately 20 places, flooding much of eastern New Orleans, most of St. Bernard Parish and the East Bank of Plaquemines Parish.

evidence_id: Mississippi River–Gulf Outlet Canal:1

article: Mississippi River–Gulf Outlet Canal

evidence: In 2005, although disputed by the Corps of Engineers, the MRGO channeled Hurricane Katrina's storm surge into the heart of Greater New Orleans, contributing significantly to the subsequent multiple engineering failures experienced by the region's hurricane protection network.

evidence_id: Mississippi River–Gulf Outlet Canal:34

article: Mississippi River–Gulf Outlet Canal

evidence: Levees along the MRGO and the Intracoastal Waterway were breached in approximately 20 places, directly flooding most of St. Bernard Parish and New Orleans East.


text: Big rooftop solar's plan forces Nevada families who don't have solar panels to pay higher power bills to subsidize rooftop solar.

evidence_id: Net metering:220

article: Net metering

evidence: In a state that is presently faced with various renewable energy issues, the idea of terminating personal property taxes on solar panels was widely supported.

evidence_id: Net metering:261

article: Net metering

evidence: Households with a smaller number of solar panels would likely see their rates go up under the proposal.

evidence_id: Net metering:263

article: Net metering

evidence: Customers who use a small amount of electricity because they produce some of their own via solar panels do not pay enough to cover their portion of transmission and distribution systems, according to the utility companies.

evidence_id: Net metering:466

article: Net metering

evidence: The new rules "encourage community solar projects and help ratepayers, who subsidize the above market rates utilities are required to pay for power generated under the program."

evidence_id: Net metering:47

article: Net metering

evidence: A 2014 report funded by the Institute for Electric Innovation claims that net metering in California produces excessively large subsidies for typical residential rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) facilities.


text: Bill Nye proposed penalizing families with too many children to reduce population growth and slow climate change.

evidence_id: Human overpopulation:333

article: Human overpopulation

evidence: As of 2008, the price of grain has increased due to more farming used in biofuels, world oil prices at over $100 a barrel, global population growth, climate change, loss of agricultural land to residential and industrial development, and growing consumer demand in China and India Food riots have recently taken place in many countries across the world.

evidence_id: Human overpopulation:474

article: Human overpopulation

evidence: Population planning that is intended to reduce population size or growth rate may promote or enforce one or more of the following practices, although there are other methods as well: Greater and better access to contraception Reducing infant mortality so that parents do not need to have many children to ensure at least some survive to adulthood.

evidence_id: Human overpopulation:53

article: Human overpopulation

evidence: Child mortality has declined, which in turn has led to reduced birth rates, thus slowing overall population growth.

evidence_id: Human population planning:12

article: Human population planning

evidence: Higher taxation of parents who have too many children Contraception Abstinence Reducing infant mortality so that parents do not need to have many children to ensure at least some survive to adulthood.

evidence_id: Human population planning:18

article: Human population planning

evidence: [citation needed] Population policies that are intended to increase a population or subpopulation growth rates may use practices such as: Higher taxation of married couples who have no, or too few, children Politicians imploring the populace to have bigger families Tax breaks and subsidies for families with children Loosening of immigration restrictions, and/or mass recruitment of foreign workers by the government A number of ancient writers have reflected on the issue of population.


text: California legislators have made it illegal for anyone to deny climate change, under threat of jail time.

claim_label: SUPPORTS

article: California

evidence: The Legislature shall make no law which diminishes or ignores the role of English as the common language of California.

article: California

evidence: Among the political idiosyncrasies and trendsetting, California was the second state to recall their state governor, the second state to legalize abortion, and the only state to ban marriage for gay couples twice by vote (including Proposition 8 in 2008).

evidence_id: Climate change denial:80

article: Climate change denial

evidence: In the 1990s, the Marshall Institute began campaigning against increased regulations on environmental issues such as acid rain, ozone depletion, second-hand smoke, and the dangers of DDT.

evidence_id: Climate change mitigation:430

evidence_label: SUPPORTS

article: Climate change mitigation

evidence: In the absence of substantial federal action, state governments have adopted emissions-control laws such as the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative in the Northeast and the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 in California.

evidence_id: Institutional racism:174

article: Institutional racism

evidence: If the government was armed with appropriate legislation and the threat of long prison terms, private citizens would not feel the need to act.


text: Carbon dioxide is not "a primary contributor to the global warming that we see."

claim_label: DISPUTED

evidence_id: Carbon dioxide:642

evidence_label: REFUTES

article: Carbon dioxide

evidence: "How do we know more CO2 is causing warming?".

evidence_id: Greenhouse gas:229

article: Greenhouse gas

evidence: Cumulative anthropogenic (i.e., human-emitted) emissions of CO 2 from fossil fuel use are a major cause of global warming, and give some indication of which countries have contributed most to human-induced climate change.

evidence_id: Scott Pruitt:133

article: Scott Pruitt

evidence: On March 9, 2017, in an interview on CNBC's Squawk Box, Pruitt stated that he "would not agree that" carbon dioxide is "a primary contributor to the global warming that we see" backing up his claim by stating that "measuring with precision human activity on the climate is something very challenging to do and there's tremendous disagreement about the degree of impact."

evidence_id: Scott Pruitt:387

article: Scott Pruitt

evidence: In March 2017, Pruitt said that he does not believe that human activities, specifically carbon dioxide emissions, are a primary contributor to climate change, a view which is in contradiction with the scientific consensus.

evidence_id: Scott Pruitt:777

article: Scott Pruitt

evidence: "EPA chief Scott Pruitt says carbon dioxide is not a primary contributor to global warming".


text: Climate scientist James Hansen: "we have until perhaps 50 years from now," or maybe a little longer "and at that point, we are looking at 10, 20, 30 feet of sea-level rise."

evidence_id: James Hansen:119

article: James Hansen

evidence: Hansen concluded that global warming would be evident within the next few decades, and that it would result in temperatures at least as high as during the Eemian.

evidence_id: James Hansen:144

article: James Hansen

evidence: George Monbiot reports "The IPCC predicts that sea levels could rise by as much as 59 centimetres (1.94 ft) this century.

evidence_id: Sea level rise:163

article: Sea level rise

evidence: For instance, a 2016 study led by Jim Hansen concluded that based on past climate change data, sea level rise could accelerate exponentially in the coming decades, with a doubling time of 10, 20 or 40 years, respectively, raising the ocean by several meters in 50, 100 or 200 years.

evidence_id: Sea level rise:167

article: Sea level rise

evidence: According to the Fourth (2017) National Climate Assessment (NCA) of the United States it is very likely sea level will rise between 30 and 130 cm (1.0–4.3 feet) in 2100 compared to the year 2000.

evidence_id: Sea level rise:8

article: Sea level rise

evidence: For example, in 2007 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projected a high end estimate of 60 cm (2 ft) through 2099, but their 2014 report raised the high-end estimate to about 90 cm (3 ft).


text: Climate scientists have predicted global temperatures would increase more than one degree Celsius by 2020," but observed temperatures have been only half as high.

article: Antarctica

evidence: In February 2020, the region recorded the highest temperature of 18.3 degree Celsius which was a degree higher than the previous record of 17.5 degrees in March 2015.

evidence_id: Climate change and agriculture:10

article: Climate change and agriculture

evidence: The Earth's average surface temperature has increased by 1.5 °F (0.83 °C) since 1880.

article: Earth

evidence: About a billion years from now, all surface water will have disappeared and the mean global temperature will reach 70 °C (158 °F).

evidence_id: Global issue:105

article: Global issue

evidence: In the last 100 years, Earth's average surface temperature increased by about 0.8 °C (1.4 °F) with about two thirds of the increase occurring over just the last three decades.

evidence_id: Global warming:67

article: Global warming

evidence: The 10th Emissions Gap Report issued by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) predicts that if emissions continue to increase at the same rate as they have in 2010–2020, global temperatures would rise by as much as 4° by 2100.


text: Connie Mack "is protecting Chevron oil from a multi-billion dollar lawsuit over pollution of rivers and rainforests."

evidence_id: Chevron Corporation:149

article: Chevron Corporation

evidence: In 2003, a class action lawsuit against Chevron was filed in Ecuadorian court for $28 billion by indigenous residents, who accused Texaco of making residents ill and damaging forests and rivers by discharging 18 billion US gallons (68,000,000 m3) of formation water into the Amazon rainforest without any environmental remediation.

evidence_id: Chevron Corporation:680

article: Chevron Corporation

evidence: "Texaco faces $1bn lawsuit".

evidence_id: Chevron Corporation:850

article: Chevron Corporation

evidence: "Chevron faces $10.6bn Brazil legal suit over oil spill".

article: Texaco

evidence: In 1993, several dozen tribal leaders and residents from the Ecuadoran Amazon filed a billion-dollar class-action lawsuit against Texaco, as a result of massive ecological pollution of the area and rivers around Texaco's Ecuadorian offshore drilling sites, causing toxic contamination of approximately 30,000 residents.

evidence_id: Water pollution:45

article: Water pollution

evidence: Surface water pollution includes pollution of rivers, lakes and oceans.


text: Currently, Florida is one of only five states in the nation that prohibit citizens from buying electricity from companies that will put solar panels on your home or business.

claim_label: REFUTES

evidence_id: Electricity generation:40

article: Electricity generation

evidence: Recent advances in manufacturing efficiency and photovoltaic technology, combined with subsidies driven by environmental concerns, have dramatically accelerated the deployment of solar panels.

article: Florida

evidence: It is estimated that approximately 4% of energy in the state is generated through renewable resources.

evidence_id: Presidency of Donald Trump:394

article: Presidency of Donald Trump

evidence: The administration enacted 30% tariffs on imported solar panels.

evidence_id: Solar power in Florida:3

article: Solar power in Florida

evidence: In 2006, the State of Florida enacted the Florida Renewable Energy Technologies and Energy Efficiency Act, which provided consumers with rebates and tax credits for solar photovoltaic systems.

evidence_id: Solar power in Florida:42

article: Solar power in Florida

evidence: Developers in Florida have announced the addition of solar panels on all new homes in several subdivisions.


text: Despite attention on global warming, "fewer Americans carpool today to work than carpooled in 1980" and "SUVs have never been a larger proportion of the vehicles being sold in this country."

evidence_id: Sport utility vehicle:118

article: Sport utility vehicle

evidence: By 2003 there were 76 million SUVs and light trucks on U.S. roads, representing approximately 35% of the vehicles on the road.

evidence_id: Sport utility vehicle:125

article: Sport utility vehicle

evidence: In 2019, the International Energy Agency (IEA) reported that the global number of SUVs and crossovers on the road multiplied by six since 2010 — from 35 million to 200 million vehicles, and their market share has grown to 40 percent of worldwide new light vehicle sales at the end of the decade.

evidence_id: Sport utility vehicle:129

article: Sport utility vehicle

evidence: In 2015, global sales of SUVs overtook the "lower medium car" segment, to become the largest market segment, accounting for 22.9% of "light vehicle" sales in 2015.

evidence_id: Sport utility vehicle:132

article: Sport utility vehicle

evidence: The SUV segment further grew to 26% of the global passenger car market in 2016, then to 36.8% of the market in Q1–Q3 of 2017.

evidence_id: Sport utility vehicle:524

article: Sport utility vehicle

evidence: "SUVs Become the Largest and Fastest-Growing Automotive Segment in 2015".


text: Donald Trump "thinks that climate change is a hoax, invented by the Chinese."

evidence_id: Climate change denial:133

article: Climate change denial

evidence: Donald Trump tweeted in 2012 that the Chinese invented "the concept of global warming" because they believed it would somehow hurt U.S. manufacturing.

evidence_id: Donald Trump:2755

article: Donald Trump

evidence: "With Gift and in Conversation, Vatican Presses Trump on Climate Change".

evidence_id: Donald Trump:369

article: Donald Trump

evidence: Trump rejects the scientific consensus on climate change.

evidence_id: Global warming conspiracy theory:151

article: Global warming conspiracy theory

evidence: "The concept of global warming was created by and for the Chinese in order to make U.S. manufacturing non-competitive" (Tweet).

evidence_id: Global warming conspiracy theory:25

article: Global warming conspiracy theory

evidence: In 2012, Donald Trump claimed that "The concept of global warming was created by and for the Chinese in order to make U.S. manufacturing non-competitive."


text: Donald Trump claims Global Warming is a hoax

evidence_id: Climate change denial:718

article: Climate change denial

evidence: "NASA Faked the Moon Landing—Therefore, (Climate) Science Is a Hoax".

evidence_id: Climate change policy of the United States:272

evidence: Donald Trump, the 45th and current President of the United States, has said that "climate change is a hoax invented by and for Chinese."

article: Donald Trump

evidence_id: United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement:27

evidence: Trump is a climate change skeptic, who in 2012 tweeted that he believed the concept of global warming was created by China in order to impair American competitiveness.

evidence_id: United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement:324

evidence: "Fact: Trump claimed climate change is a hoax created by China".


text: Donald Trump signed an executive order naming climate change as a threat "both to the economy and national security."

evidence_id: Climate change policy of the United States:148

evidence: An executive order was issued by President Trump on January 24, 2017 that removed barriers from the Keystone XL and Dakota Access Pipelines, making it easier for the companies sponsoring them to continue with production.

evidence_id: Climate change policy of the United States:149

evidence: On March 28, 2017, President Trump signed an executive order aimed towards boosting the coal industry.

evidence_id: Donald Trump:2277

article: Donald Trump

evidence: "Executive Order Minimizing the Economic Burden of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Pending Repeal".

evidence_id: Donald Trump:2339

article: Donald Trump

evidence: "LGBTQ Advocates Say Trump's New Executive Order Makes Them Vulnerable to Discrimination".

evidence_id: First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency:194

evidence: On January 25, Trump signed an executive order, "Enhancing Public Safety in the Interior of the United States", to the Secretary of Homeland Security and the Attorney General and their departments and agencies to increase the enforcement of immigration laws which included the hiring of 10,000 "additional immigration officers".


text: Doubling the concentration of atmospheric CO2 from its pre-industrial level, in the absence of other forcings and feedbacks, would likely cause a warming of ~0.3Â°C to 1.1Â°C

evidence_id: Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere:13

article: Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere

evidence: Following the start of the Industrial Revolution, atmospheric CO 2 concentration increased to over 400 parts per million and continues to increase, causing the phenomenon of global warming.

evidence_id: Climate change feedback:16

article: Climate change feedback

evidence: The higher CO2 levels led to an additional climate warming ranging between 0.1° and 1.5 °C.

evidence_id: Climate sensitivity:13

article: Climate sensitivity

evidence: Without feedbacks the radiative forcing of approximately 3.7 W/m2, due to doubling CO 2 from the pre-industrial 280 ppm, would eventually result in roughly 1 °C global warming.

evidence_id: Climate sensitivity:87

article: Climate sensitivity

evidence: The global temperature increase since the beginning of the industrial period (taken as 1750) is about 0.8 °C (1.4 °F), and the radiative forcing due to CO 2 and other long-lived greenhouse gases – mainly methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons – emitted since that time is about 2.6 W/m2.

evidence_id: Global warming:58

article: Global warming

evidence: Increased concentrations of gases such as CO 2 (~20%), ozone and N 2O are external forcing on the other hand.


text: During "the recent global warming summit in Copenhagen, Nancy Pelosi and others stayed at a five-star hotel on a trip costing nearly $10,000 per person."

evidence_id: 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference:126

evidence: The document was subtitled as "The Copenhagen Agreement" and proposes measures to keep average global temperature rises to two degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.

evidence_id: 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference:248

evidence: An article by Gerald Traufetter for Spiegel Online described the Copenhagen summit as a "political disaster," and asserted that the US and China "joined forces to stymie every attempt by European nations to reach agreement."

evidence_id: Climatic Research Unit email controversy:416

evidence: "A controversy over leaked e-mails exchanged among global warming scientists is part of a 'smear campaign' to derail next month's United Nations climate summit in Copenhagen, one of the scientists, meteorologist Michael Mann, said Tuesday...Climate change sceptics 'don't have the science on their side any more, so they've resorted to a smear campaign to distract the public from the reality of the problem and the need to confront it head-on in Copenhagen' said Mann"; Feldman, Stacy (25 November 2009).

evidence_id: Copenhagen Airport:56

article: Copenhagen Airport

evidence: In 2001 the five-star Hilton hotel opened with 382 rooms.

evidence_id: Scientific consensus on climate change:58

article: Scientific consensus on climate change

evidence: The New York Times reported that "the leading international network of climate scientists has concluded for the first time that global warming is 'unequivocal' and that human activity is the main driver, 'very likely' causing most of the rise in temperatures since 1950".


text: During a state House debate on a jobs and energy bill this week, Democrats offered an amendment that would put the Legislature on record saying that climate change is real and that humans are causing it.

evidence_id: Debbie Stabenow:130

article: Debbie Stabenow

evidence: Stabenow's proposed amendment to keep the Environmental Protection Agency from regulating greenhouse gas emissions for two years also drew criticism.

evidence_id: John Kasich:123

article: John Kasich

evidence: In a speech in April 2012, Kasich acknowledged that climate change is real and is a problem.

evidence_id: Marco Rubio:259

article: Marco Rubio

evidence: He disputes the scientific understanding of climate change, arguing that human activity does not play a major role in global warming and that proposals to address climate change would be ineffective and economically harmful.

evidence_id: Republican Party (United States):191

article: Republican Party (United States)

evidence: From 2008 to 2017, the Republican Party went from "debating how to combat human-caused climate change to arguing that it does not exist", according to The New York Times.

evidence_id: Republican Party (United States):192

article: Republican Party (United States)

evidence: In January 2015, the Republican-led U.S. Senate voted 98–1 to pass a resolution acknowledging that "climate change is real and is not a hoax"; however, an amendment stating that "human activity significantly contributes to climate change" was supported by only five Republican senators.


text: During the 2013 election campaign the Coalition said its first legislative priority in government would be to scrap the carbon tax.

evidence_id: Abbott Government:163

article: Abbott Government

evidence: 2013 Election Launching his campaign for the 2013 Election, Tony Abbott outlined the economic priorities of the Coalition, promising to tackle government debt, eliminate "waste" in government expenditure, and decrease taxes which place a burden on industry and business: We'll build a stronger economy so everyone can get ahead.

evidence_id: Abbott Government:164

article: Abbott Government

evidence: We'll scrap the carbon tax so your family will be $550 a year better off.

evidence_id: Abbott Government:170

article: Abbott Government

evidence: He committed to abolishing the carbon tax, to bring down power and gas prices, and to abolishing the mining tax to increase investment and employment.

evidence_id: Abbott Government:219

article: Abbott Government

evidence: Labor and the Greens opposed the Coalition's promised abolition of carbon pricing, and the introduction of "direct action" carbon-reduction policies, but the Government secured cross bench support for the repeal of the tax in July 2014.

evidence_id: Tony Abbott:212

article: Tony Abbott

evidence: On the first day of the new Parliament, Abbott introduced legislation into Parliament to repeal the Carbon Tax, and commenced Operation Sovereign Borders, the Coalition's policy to stop illegal maritime arrivals, which received strong public support.


text: Electricity rates are 40 percent higher in states that have required utility companies to use a certain amount of renewable energy such as solar power.

evidence_id: Carbon tax:32

article: Carbon tax

evidence: In addition to creating incentives for energy conservation, a carbon tax would put renewable energy sources such as wind, solar and geothermal on a more competitive footing, stimulating their growth.

evidence_id: Energy policy of the United States:255

article: Energy policy of the United States

evidence: A Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) is a mandate that requires electricity providers to supply to their customers a minimum amount of power from renewable sources, usually as a percentage of total energy use.

evidence_id: Smart grid:108

article: Smart grid

evidence: Smart grid technology is a necessary condition for very large amounts of renewable electricity on the grid for this reason.

evidence_id: Solar power:103

article: Solar power

evidence: Also, Renewable portfolio standards impose a government mandate that utilities generate or acquire a certain percentage of renewable power regardless of increased energy procurement costs.

evidence_id: Wind power in the United States:25

article: Wind power in the United States

evidence: Renewable portfolio standards require renewable energy to exist (most of them intermittent such as wind and solar), but at the expense of utilities and consumers.


text: Every four minutes, another American home or business goes solar.

evidence_id: Austin, Texas:431

article: Austin, Texas

evidence: The new city hall, built from recycled materials, has solar panels in its garage.

article: Baltimore

evidence: The wheel moves continuously, removing garbage and dumping it into an attached dumpster using only hydro and solar renewable power to keep its wheel turning.

evidence_id: Gainesville, Florida:73

article: Gainesville, Florida

evidence: The FIT allowed small businesses and homeowners to supply electricity into the municipal power grid and paid a premium for the clean, on-site generated solar electricity.

evidence_id: MetLife Stadium:230

article: MetLife Stadium

evidence: "MetLife Stadium Solar Ring lighted with a programmable, customizable multi-color LED array".

evidence_id: MetLife Stadium:40

article: MetLife Stadium

evidence: The Solar Ring consists of 1,350 building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) solar panels assembled into 47 individual frames.


text: Florida ranks "45th out of 50 states'' for its regulatory climate for business.

article: Florida

evidence: The Miami Metropolitan Area is by far the largest urban economy in Florida and the 12th largest in the United States with a GDP of $345 billion as of 2017[update].

article: Florida

evidence: "Top 50 Water Ports by Tonnage—Bureau of Transportation Statistics".

article: Florida

evidence: As of 2013[update], Port Tampa Bay ranks 16th in the United States by tonnage in domestic trade, 32nd in foreign trade, and 22nd in total trade.

article: Florida

evidence: If it were a country, Florida would be the 16th largest economy in the world, and the 58th most populous as of 2018[update].

evidence_id: Georgia (U.S. state):244

article: Georgia (U.S. state)

evidence: For the five years through November 2017, Georgia has been ranked the top state (number 1) in the nation to do business, and has been recognized as number 1 for business and labor climate in the nation, number 1 in business climate in the nation, number 1 in the nation in workforce training and as having a "Best in Class" state economic development agency.


text: Germany managed to increase its use of renewables and its output of carbon dioxide at the same time -- because it resorted to cheap coal to keep the lights on at a price its people could afford.

evidence_id: Carbon dioxide:98

article: Carbon dioxide

evidence: In particular, the use of renewable energy for production of fuels from CO 2 (such as methanol) is attractive as this could result in fuels that could be easily transported and used within conventional combustion technologies but have no net CO 2 emissions.

evidence_id: Electricity generation:58

article: Electricity generation

evidence: Many governments around the world provide subsidies to offset the higher cost of any new power production, and to make the installation of renewable energy systems economically feasible.

article: Germany

evidence: It also enforces energy conservation, green technologies, emission reduction activities, and aims to meet the country's electricity demands using 40% renewable sources by 2020.

evidence_id: Solar power:196

article: Solar power

evidence: Both solar power and wind power are variable renewable energy, meaning that all available output must be taken whenever it is available by moving through transmission lines to where it can be used now.

evidence_id: Sustainable energy:172

article: Sustainable energy

evidence: As a result, despite energy efficiency gains, total energy use and related carbon emissions have continued to increase.


text: Global warming leads to much quicker spread of the Zika virus because the increased temperature, "makes mosquitoes mature faster, . . .

evidence_id: Effects of global warming on human health:14

evidence: Flooding creates more standing water for mosquitoes to breed; as well, shown that these vectors are able to feed more and grow faster in warmer climates.

evidence_id: Effects of global warming on human health:470

evidence: When temperature rises, the larvae take a shorter time to mature and, consequently, there is a greater capacity to produce more offspring.

evidence_id: Effects of global warming on human health:86

evidence: The hotter and wetter a climate is, the faster the mosquitoes can mature and the faster the disease can develop.

evidence_id: Zika fever:7

article: Zika fever

evidence: Zika fever is mainly spread via the bite of mosquitoes of the Aedes type.

evidence_id: Zika virus:59

article: Zika virus

evidence: However, rising global temperatures would allow for the disease vector to expand their range further north, allowing Zika to follow.


text: Gov. Palin ... is somebody who actually doesn't believe that climate change is man-made.

evidence_id: Climate change (general concept):229

article: Climate change (general concept)

evidence: Climate change means a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods.

evidence_id: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change:0

evidence: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is an intergovernmental body of the United Nations that is dedicated to providing the world with objective, scientific information relevant to understanding the scientific basis of the risk of human-induced climate change, its natural, political, and economic impacts and risks, and possible response options.

evidence_id: Sarah Palin:1806

article: Sarah Palin

evidence: A changing environment will affect Alaska more than any other state...I'm not one though who would attribute it to being man-made Goldman, Russell (September 11, 2008).

evidence_id: Sarah Palin:394

article: Sarah Palin

evidence: Palin considers herself a conservationist and during the 2008 campaign demonstrated her skepticism about global warming politics, saying "of global warming, climate change, whether it's entirely, wholly caused by man's activities or is part of the cyclical nature of our planet...John McCain and I agree that we have to make sure that we're doing all we can to cut down on pollution."

evidence_id: Sarah Palin:399

article: Sarah Palin

evidence: After the election and the Climategate scandal, Palin spoke at a 2010 California logging conference calling studies supporting global climate change as "snake oil science".


text: Greg Hunt CSIRO research shows carbon emissions can be reduced by 20 per cent over 40 years using nature, soils and trees.

evidence_id: Carbon sink:78

article: Carbon sink

evidence: To further reduce U.S. carbon dioxide emissions by 7%, as stipulated by the Kyoto Protocol, would require the planting of "an area the size of Texas [8% of the area of Brazil] every 30 years".

evidence_id: Climate change mitigation:173

article: Climate change mitigation

evidence: Almost 20 percent (8 GtCO2/year) of total greenhouse-gas emissions were from deforestation in 2007.

evidence_id: Climate change mitigation:191

article: Climate change mitigation

evidence: It is estimated that increasing the carbon content of the soils in the world's 3.5 billion hectares of agricultural grassland by 1% would offset nearly 12 years of CO2 emissions.

evidence_id: Global warming:215

article: Global warming

evidence: There is a large potential for future reductions in emissions by a combination of activities, including energy conservation and increased energy efficiency; the use of low-carbon energy technologies, such as renewable energy, nuclear energy, and carbon capture and storage; decarbonizing buildings and transport; and enhancing carbon sinks through, for example, reforestation and preventing deforestation.

article: Reforestation

evidence: "Ireland to Plant 440 Million Trees in 20 Years to Fight Climate Change".


text: If every house in Florida had a solar-heated water tank, that would eliminate consumption by 17 percent.

evidence_id: Solar power:248

article: Solar power

evidence: A 1-kilowatt system eliminates the burning of approximately 170 pounds of coal, 300 pounds of carbon dioxide from being released into the atmosphere, and saves up to 400 litres (105 US gal) of water consumption monthly.

evidence_id: Solar power:273

article: Solar power

evidence: A hybrid wet/dry cooling system could reduce water consumption by 32 to 58 percent.

evidence_id: Solar water heating:212

article: Solar water heating

evidence: In the temperate scenario this is sufficient to heat 200 litres of water by some 17 °C.

evidence_id: Solar water heating:65

article: Solar water heating

evidence: When combined with storage, large scale solar heating can provide 50-97% of annual heat consumption for district heating.

evidence_id: Water heating:26

article: Water heating

evidence: These may use electricity, natural gas, propane, heating oil, solar, or other energy sources.


text: If sea levels rise six feet due to climate change, Waterplace Park in Providence and Wickford village would be swamped

evidence_id: Climate change adaptation:21

article: Climate change adaptation

evidence: Potential effects include sea level rise of 110 to 770 mm (0.36 to 2.5 feet) between 1990 and 2100, repercussions to agriculture, possible slowing of the thermohaline circulation, reductions in the ozone layer, increased intensity and frequency of extreme weather events, lowering of ocean pH, and the spread of tropical diseases such as malaria and dengue fever.

evidence_id: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change:237

evidence: Among other findings, the report concluded that sea level rises could be up to two feet higher by the year 2100, even if efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to limit global warming are successful; coastal cities across the world could see so-called "storm[s] of the century" at least once a year.

evidence_id: Physical impacts of climate change:240

article: Physical impacts of climate change

evidence: Instead of a global 5-meter sea level rise, western Antarctica would experience approximately 25 centimeters of sea level fall, while the United States, parts of Canada, and the Indian Ocean, would experience up to 6.5 meters of sea level rise.

evidence_id: Providence, Rhode Island:169

article: Providence, Rhode Island

evidence: Providence is home to a 1,200-acre (4.9 km2) park system, notably Waterplace Park and Riverwalk, Roger Williams Park, Roger Williams National Memorial, and Prospect Terrace Park.

evidence_id: Waterplace Park:0

article: Waterplace Park

evidence: Waterplace Park is an urban park situated along the Woonasquatucket River in downtown Providence, Rhode Island.


text: If we got solar energy from "an area of the Southwestern desert 100 miles on a side, that would be enough, in and of itself, to provide 100 percent of all the electricity needs for the United States of America in a full year."

evidence_id: Solar energy:129

article: Solar energy

evidence: The 392 MW Ivanpah Solar Power Facility, in the Mojave Desert of California, is the largest solar power plant in the world.

evidence_id: Solar energy:22

article: Solar energy

evidence: In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year.

evidence_id: Solar energy:48

article: Solar energy

evidence: His plant used parabolic troughs to power a 45–52 kilowatts (60–70 hp) engine that pumped more than 22,000 litres (4,800 imp gal; 5,800 US gal) of water per minute from the Nile River to adjacent cotton fields.

evidence_id: United States:668

article: United States

evidence: The United States energy market is about 29,000 terawatt hours per year.

evidence_id: United States:671

article: United States

evidence: The remainder was supplied by nuclear power and renewable energy sources.


text: In reality, gas produced by fracking is worse for the climate than coal.

article: Coal

evidence: The largest and most long term effect of coal use is the release of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that causes climate change and global warming.

evidence_id: Greenhouse gas:148

article: Greenhouse gas

evidence: Although much less polluting than coal plants, natural gas-fired power plants are also major emitters.

evidence_id: Natural gas:175

article: Natural gas

evidence: Because burning natural gas produces both water and carbon dioxide, it produces less carbon dioxide per unit of energy released than coal, which produces mostly carbon dioxide.

evidence_id: Shale gas:58

article: Shale gas

evidence: In this new report, the EPA concluded that shale gas emits larger amounts of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, than does conventional gas, but still far less than coal.

evidence_id: Shale gas:80

article: Shale gas

evidence: Shale gas worse than coal for three impacts and better than renewables for four.


text: In South Florida, "we've had nine inches of sea-level rise since the 1920s."

article: Miami

evidence: The sea level rose quickly after that, stabilizing at the current level about 4,000 years ago, leaving the mainland of South Florida just above sea level.

evidence_id: Sea level rise:1

article: Sea level rise

evidence: Between 1900 and 2016, the sea level rose by 16–21 cm (6.3–8.3 in).

evidence_id: Sea level rise:388

article: Sea level rise

evidence: "Sea-Level Rise from the Late 19th to the Early 21st Century".

evidence_id: Sea level rise:455

article: Sea level rise

evidence: 27 November 2017.

evidence_id: Sea level rise:614

article: Sea level rise

evidence: 18 January 2019.


text: It takes as much energy to make a solar panel as it likely generates in its entire life.

evidence_id: Solar panel:0

article: Solar panel

evidence: Photovoltaic solar panels absorb sunlight as a source of energy to generate direct current electricity.

evidence_id: Solar panel:167

article: Solar panel

evidence: Even though such installations might not produce the maximum possible total energy, their power output would likely be more consistent throughout the day and possibly larger during peak demand.

evidence_id: Solar panel:4

article: Solar panel

evidence: Photovoltaic modules use light energy (photons) from the Sun to generate electricity through the photovoltaic effect.

evidence_id: Spirit (rover):215

article: Spirit (rover)

evidence: Normally the solar arrays on the rovers are able to generate up to 700 watt-hours (2,500 kJ) of energy per Martian day.

evidence_id: Spirit (rover):44

article: Spirit (rover)

evidence: Solar arrays generate about 140 watts for up to four hours per Martian day (sol) while rechargeable lithium ion batteries store energy for use at night.


text: Julia Gillard her decision not to argue against a fixed carbon price being labelled a "carbon tax" hurt her terribly politically.

evidence_id: Emissions trading:280

article: Emissions trading

evidence: The fixed price lent itself to characterisation as a carbon tax and when the government proposed the Clean Energy Bill in February 2011, the opposition claimed it to be a broken election promise.

evidence_id: Julia Gillard:128

article: Julia Gillard

evidence: Gillard initially ruled out a "carbon tax" but said that she would build community consensus for a price on carbon and open negotiations with the mining industry for a re-vamped mining profits tax.

evidence_id: Julia Gillard:129

article: Julia Gillard

evidence: Following the 2010 hung parliament election result, the Labor Party elected to adopt the Australian Greens preference for a carbon tax to transition to an emissions trading scheme, establishing a carbon price via the Clean Energy Act 2011.

evidence_id: Julia Gillard:194

article: Julia Gillard

evidence: During the 2010 election campaign, Gillard also said that no carbon tax would be introduced under a government she led.

evidence_id: Julia Gillard:84

article: Julia Gillard

evidence: Prime Minister Kevin Rudd suffered a decline in his personal ratings, and a perceived loss of support among his own MPs, following the failure of the Government's insulation program, controversy regarding the implementation of a tax on mining, the failure of the government to secure passage of its carbon trading scheme and some policy debate about immigration policy.


text: May 2018 marked the 401st straight month of global temperatures exceeding the 20th century average.

evidence_id: 20th century:6

article: 20th century

evidence: The average global temperature on Earth has increased by about 0.8° Celsius (1.4° Fahrenheit) since 1880; Two-thirds of the warming has occurred since 1975, at a rate of roughly 0.15-0.20 °C per decade.

evidence_id: Cold wave:146

article: Cold wave

evidence: All the winter months that season saw temperatures well below average across the continent.

evidence_id: Cold wave:234

article: Cold wave

evidence: 1956 1956 European cold wave – February 1956 was the coldest month of the twentieth century over large areas of Western Europe, with mean temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F) as far south as Marseilles being utterly unprecedented in records dating back into the eighteenth century.

evidence_id: Global warming:22

article: Global warming

evidence: Currently, surface temperatures are rising by about 0.2 °C per decade.

evidence_id: Global warming:31

article: Global warming

evidence: Since the pre-industrial period, global average land temperatures have increased almost twice as fast as global average temperatures.


text: Measurements indicating that 2017 had relatively more sea ice in the Arctic and less melting of glacial ice in Greenland casts scientific doubt on the reality of global warming.

article: Arctic

evidence: The Arctic is affected by current global warming, leading to Arctic sea ice shrinkage, diminished ice in the Greenland ice sheet, and Arctic methane release as the permafrost thaws.

article: Arctic

evidence: The effects of global warming in the Arctic include rising temperatures, loss of sea ice, and melting of the Greenland ice sheet.

evidence_id: Climate change in the Arctic:0

article: Climate change in the Arctic

evidence: The effects of global warming in the Arctic, or climate change in the Arctic include rising air and water temperatures, loss of sea ice, and melting of the Greenland ice sheet with a related cold temperature anomaly, observed since the 1970s.

evidence_id: Global warming:11

article: Global warming

evidence: Surface temperature increases are greatest in the Arctic, which has contributed to the retreat of glaciers, permafrost, and sea ice.

evidence_id: Sea level rise:3

article: Sea level rise

evidence: This acceleration is due mostly to human-caused global warming, which is driving thermal expansion of seawater and the melting of land-based ice sheets and glaciers.


text: Melting of Arctic sea ice and polar icecaps is not occurring at unnatural rates and does not constitute evidence of a human impact on the climate.

evidence_id: Arctic sea ice decline:12

article: Arctic sea ice decline

evidence: Arctic Sea ice maintains the cool temperature of the polar regions and it has an important albedo effect on the climate.

article: Arctic

evidence_id: Global warming:183

article: Global warming

evidence: The effects of climate change on human systems, mostly due to warming and shifts in precipitation, have been detected worldwide.

evidence_id: Polar ice cap:31

article: Polar ice cap

evidence: The current rate of decline of the ice caps has caused many investigations and discoveries on glacier dynamics and their influence on the world's climate.

evidence_id: Scientific consensus on climate change:576

article: Scientific consensus on climate change

evidence: The melting of the polar ice caps, combined with thermal expansion, will lead to rises in sea levels that may impact adversely on our coastal cities.


text: Miami Congressman Carlos "Curbelo supports drilling offshore" and "repeatedly voted against President Obama's ability to fight pollution and combat climate change."

evidence_id: Carlos Curbelo:204

article: Carlos Curbelo

evidence: "Carlos Curbelo wants to be a Republican leader on climate change—if he can keep his seat".

evidence_id: Carlos Curbelo:213

article: Carlos Curbelo

evidence: "Miami Republican opposes allowing Arctic oil drilling in tax bill".

evidence_id: Carlos Curbelo:24

article: Carlos Curbelo

evidence: According to McClatchy, "Curbelo has broken ranks with his party to take lonely stands on high-profile topics ranging from abortion and women’s health to climate change, the environment, immigration and government spending."

evidence_id: Carlos Curbelo:36

article: Carlos Curbelo

evidence: According to Vote Smart's 2016 analysis, Curbelo generally supports pro-life legislation, opposes an income tax increase, opposes mandatory minimum sentences for non-violent drug offenders, supports lowering taxes as a means of promoting economic growth, opposes requiring states to adopt federal education standards, supports building the Keystone Pipeline, supports government funding for the development of renewable energy, supports the federal regulation of greenhouse gas emissions, supports repealing the Affordable Care Act, opposes requiring immigrants who are unlawfully present to return to their country of origin before they are eligible for citizenship, supports same-sex marriage, supports increased American intervention in Iraq and Syria beyond air support, and supports allowing individuals to divert a portion of their Social Security taxes into personal retirement accounts.

evidence_id: Carlos Curbelo:39

article: Carlos Curbelo

evidence: The Miami Herald wrote that Curbelo has "attempted to position himself as the national voice for Republicans who are concerned about climate change," describing him as "one of the few GOP voices speaking out against Donald Trump's decision to withdraw from the Paris Climate Agreement and his desire to dismantle the Environmental Protection Agency."


text: More money is dedicated within the Department of Homeland Security to climate change than what's spent combating "Islamist terrorists radicalizing over the Internet in the United States of America."

evidence_id: Homeland security:0

article: Homeland security

evidence: Homeland security is an American national security umbrella term for "the national effort to ensure a homeland that is safe, secure, and resilient against terrorism and other hazards where American interests, aspirations, and ways of life can thrive to the national effort to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States, reduce the vulnerability of the U.S. to terrorism, and minimize the damage from attacks that do occur".

evidence_id: Homeland security:16

article: Homeland security

evidence: Homeland security is officially defined by the National Strategy for Homeland Security as "a concerted national effort to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States, reduce America's vulnerability to terrorism, and minimize the damage and recover from attacks that do occur".

evidence_id: Islamic terrorism:1165

article: Islamic terrorism

evidence: "Terrorist Attacks in Kenya Reveal Domestic Radicalization".

evidence_id: Islamic terrorism:247

article: Islamic terrorism

evidence: According to The Washington Post, "Online recruiting has exponentially increased, with Facebook, YouTube and the increasing sophistication of people online".

evidence_id: United States Department of Homeland Security:135

evidence: The center works on the Internet's routing infrastructure (the SPRI program) and Domain Name System (DNSSEC), identity theft and other online criminal activity (ITTC), Internet traffic and networks research (PREDICT datasets and the DETER testbed), Department of Defense and HSARPA exercises (Livewire and Determined Promise), and wireless security in cooperation with Canada.


text: More than 260,000 Americans are employed by the domestic solar industry â three times as many workers as employed by the entire coal mining industry.

article: Americans

evidence: Furthermore, there are approximately 40,000 Americans living and working in the Kingdom.

evidence_id: Economy of the United Kingdom:147

article: Economy of the United Kingdom

evidence: The industry employs around 113,000 people directly and around 276,000 indirectly and has an annual turnover of around £20 billion.

evidence_id: Infrastructure policy of Donald Trump:190

article: Infrastructure policy of Donald Trump

evidence: While the traditional fossil fuel industry employed 187,000 jobs in 2016, the wind power industry grew by nearly 32% to 102,000 people.

evidence_id: Infrastructure policy of Donald Trump:191

article: Infrastructure policy of Donald Trump

evidence: At the same time, the solar power industry grew by almost a quarter to 374,000 jobs.

evidence_id: Presidency of Donald Trump:395

article: Presidency of Donald Trump

evidence: The American solar energy industry is highly reliant on foreign parts (80% of parts are made abroad); as a result, the tariffs could raise the costs of solar energy, reduce innovation and reduce jobs in the industry—which in 2017 employed nearly four times as many American workers as the coal industry.


text: NASA Finds Antarctica is Gaining Ice,

article: Antarctica

evidence: "Mass gains of the Antarctic ice sheet exceed losses".

article: Antarctica

evidence: "Study concludes Antarctica is gaining ice, rather than losing it".

article: Antarctica

evidence: "A 40-y record reveals gradual Antarctic sea ice increases followed by decreases at rates far exceeding the rates seen in the Arctic".

article: Antarctica

evidence: This ice sheet is constantly gaining ice from snowfall and losing ice through outflow to the sea.

article: Antarctica

evidence: According to NASA, the most widespread Antarctic surface melting of the past 30 years occurred in 2005, when an area of ice comparable in size to California briefly melted and refroze; this may have resulted from temperatures rising to as high as 5 °C (41 °F).


text: New Jersey is "losing 50 football fields of open space to development every day and the more we develop upstream the more flooding we have downstream."

evidence_id: New Jersey:168

article: New Jersey

evidence: During winter and early spring, New Jersey can experience "nor'easters," which are capable of causing blizzards or flooding throughout the northeastern United States.

evidence_id: New Jersey:265

article: New Jersey

evidence: This accessibility to consumer revenue has enabled seaside resorts such as Atlantic City and the remainder of the Jersey Shore, as well as the state's other natural and cultural attractions, to contribute significantly to the record 111 million tourist visits to New Jersey in 2018, providing US$44.7 billion in tourism revenue, directly supporting 333,860 jobs, sustaining more than 531,000 jobs overall including peripheral impacts, and generating US$5 billion in state and local tax revenue.

evidence_id: New Jersey:511

article: New Jersey

evidence: The other three villages – Ridgefield Park (now with a Walsh Act form), Ridgewood (now with a Faulkner Act Council-Manager charter) and South Orange (now operates under a Special Charter) – have all migrated to other non-village forms.

evidence_id: New Jersey:801

article: New Jersey

evidence: "Jersey City has gained nearly 15,000 residents since 2010, making it the fastest growing municipality in the state and a symbol of the Garden State's reinvigorated urban core."

evidence_id: Woodbridge Township, New Jersey:114

article: Woodbridge Township, New Jersey

evidence: It is surrounded by water on three sides, the Arthur Kill, a tidal strait to the east, and tidal rivers to the south, Raritan River, and north, Rahway River; and, much of the developed land in Woodbridge has low elevations, as little as five feet above sea level.


text: Newspaper Article from 1922 Discusses Arctic Ocean Climate Change

evidence_id: Global cooling:191

article: Global cooling

evidence_id: Global cooling:203

article: Global cooling

evidence: February 14, 1926.

evidence_id: Global warming:187

article: Global warming

evidence: Regional impacts of climate change are now observable on all continents and across ocean regions.

evidence_id: Global warming:330

article: Global warming

evidence: Both the terms global warming and climate change were used only occasionally until 1975, when Wallace Smith Broecker published a scientific paper on the topic, "Climatic Change: Are We on the Brink of a Pronounced Global Warming?".

evidence_id: Global warming:354

article: Global warming

evidence: rising sea levels, shrinking Arctic sea ice).


text: Newt Gingrich "teamed with Nancy Pelosi and Al Gore on global warming."

evidence_id: Al Gore:1491

article: Al Gore

evidence: "Urge Gore to Add Going Vegetarian to the Global Warming Pledge".

evidence_id: Al Gore:151

article: Al Gore

evidence: Gore was initially hesitant to be Bill Clinton's running mate for the 1992 United States presidential election, but after clashing with the George H. W. Bush administration over global warming issues, he decided to accept the offer.

evidence_id: Al Gore:375

article: Al Gore

evidence: He was known as one of the Atari Democrats, later called the "Democrats' Greens, politicians who see issues like clean air, clean water and global warming as the key to future victories for their party."

evidence_id: Newt Gingrich:334

article: Newt Gingrich

evidence: Gingrich has identified education as "the number one factor in our future prosperity", and has partnered with Al Sharpton and Education Secretary Arne Duncan on education issues.

evidence_id: Newt Gingrich:884

article: Newt Gingrich

evidence: "Former foes Clinton, Gingrich band up on health care plan".


text: No state generates as much solar power as California, or has as many people whose jobs depend on it.

article: California

evidence: Because it is the most populous state in the United States, California is one of the country's largest users of energy.

article: California

evidence: Due to the high electricity demand, California imports more electricity than any other state, primarily hydroelectric power from states in the Pacific Northwest (via Path 15 and Path 66) and coal- and natural gas-fired production from the desert Southwest via Path 46.

article: California

evidence: As a result of the state's strong environmental movement, California has some of the most aggressive renewable energy goals in the United States, with a target for California to obtain a third of its electricity from renewables by 2020.

article: California

evidence: Currently, several solar power plants such as the Solar Energy Generating Systems facility are located in the Mojave Desert.

article: California

evidence: Natural gas-fired power plants typically account for more than one-half of state electricity generation.


text: Not only is there no scientific evidence that CO2 is a pollutant, higher CO2 concentrations actually help ecosystems support more plant and animal life.

evidence_id: Air pollution:22

article: Air pollution

evidence: Pollutants emitted into the atmosphere by human activity include: Carbon dioxide (CO 2) – Because of its role as a greenhouse gas it has been described as "the leading pollutant" and "the worst climate pollutant".

evidence_id: Carbon dioxide:146

article: Carbon dioxide

evidence: At very high concentrations (100 times atmospheric concentration, or greater), carbon dioxide can be toxic to animal life, so raising the concentration to 10,000 ppm (1%) or higher for several hours will eliminate pests such as whiteflies and spider mites in a greenhouse.

evidence_id: Carbon dioxide:240

article: Carbon dioxide

evidence: Plants can grow as much as 50 percent faster in concentrations of 1,000 ppm CO 2 when compared with ambient conditions, though this assumes no change in climate and no limitation on other nutrients.

evidence_id: Climate change and ecosystems:148

article: Climate change and ecosystems

evidence: Higher carbon dioxide concentrations will favourably affect plant growth and demand for water.

article: Wetland

evidence: Wetlands are also considered the most biologically diverse of all ecosystems, serving as home to a wide range of plant and animal life.


text: Obama administration's Clean Power Plan would have little or no effect on carbon dioxide emissions.

evidence_id: Clean Power Plan:0

article: Clean Power Plan

evidence: The Clean Power Plan was an Obama administration policy aimed at combating anthropogenic climate change (global warming) that was first proposed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in June 2014.

evidence_id: Clean Power Plan:12

article: Clean Power Plan

evidence: The final version of the plan aims to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from electrical power generation by 32 percent by 2030, relative to 2005 levels.

evidence_id: Clean Power Plan:28

article: Clean Power Plan

evidence: By switching this coal generation to a cleaner source such as wind power, CO 2 emissions could be significantly reduced.

evidence_id: Clean Power Plan:3

article: Clean Power Plan

evidence: The Obama administration designed the plan to lower the carbon dioxide emitted by power generators.

evidence_id: Clean Power Plan:72

article: Clean Power Plan

evidence: In his announcement, Obama stated that the plan includes the first standards on carbon dioxide emissions from power plants ever proposed by the Environmental Protection Agency.


text: Over 97 percent of the scientific community â¦ believe that humans are contributing to climate change.

article: Human

evidence: Currently, through land development, combustion of fossil fuels, and pollution, humans are thought to be the main contributor to global climate change.

evidence_id: Scientific consensus on climate change:10

article: Scientific consensus on climate change

evidence: Of these, 97% agree, explicitly or implicitly, that global warming is happening and is human-caused.

evidence_id: Scientific consensus on climate change:266

article: Scientific consensus on climate change

evidence: 97% of the scientists surveyed agreed that global temperatures had increased during the past 100 years; 84% said they personally believed human-induced warming was occurring, and 74% agreed that "currently available scientific evidence" substantiated its occurrence.

evidence_id: Scientific consensus on climate change:283

article: Scientific consensus on climate change

evidence: Seventy-five of 77 believed that human activity is a significant factor in changing mean global temperatures.

evidence_id: Scientific consensus on climate change:289

article: Scientific consensus on climate change

evidence: They found 4,014 which discussed the cause of recent global warming, and of these "97.1% endorsed the consensus position that humans are causing global warming".


text: Over the past eight years, the United States has reduced our total carbon pollution more than any other nation on Earth.

evidence_id: Air pollution:104

article: Air pollution

evidence: Smoke and carbon monoxide from wildfires.

evidence_id: Air pollution:422

article: Air pollution

evidence: "The Worst Climate Pollution Is Carbon Dioxide".

evidence_id: Climate change in the United States:1

article: Climate change in the United States

evidence: Because of global warming, there has been concern in the United States and internationally, that the country should reduce total greenhouse gas which is relatively high per capita and is the second largest in the world after China, as of 2014.

evidence_id: Climate change in the United States:19

article: Climate change in the United States

evidence: In the cumulative emissions between 1850 and 2007, the U.S. was at the top in terms of all world nations, involved with 28.8% of the world's total.

article: Recycling

evidence: The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has concluded in favor of recycling, saying that recycling efforts reduced the country's carbon emissions by a net 49 million metric tonnes in 2005.


text: President Donald Trump sent a video message to Belgian citizens criticizing their government for being part of the Paris Climate Change Agreement.

evidence_id: Donald Trump:371

article: Donald Trump

evidence: In June 2017, Trump announced the withdrawal of the United States from the Paris Agreement, making the U.S. the only nation in the world to not ratify the agreement.

evidence_id: Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration:15

evidence: Trump has pulled the United States out of the Paris climate accord, leaving the U.S. the only nation that has not joined the agreement.

evidence_id: Opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration:16

evidence: majority support   plurality support   majority oppose   plurality oppose On June 1, 2017, Donald Trump announced that the United States would withdraw from the Paris Agreement on climate change.

evidence_id: Presidency of Donald Trump:417

article: Presidency of Donald Trump

evidence: In June 2017, Trump announced U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, a 2015 climate change accord reached by 200 nations to cut greenhouse gas emissions, defying broad global backing for the plan.

evidence_id: Presidency of Donald Trump:7

article: Presidency of Donald Trump

evidence: He ended the Clean Power Plan, withdrew from the Paris Agreement on climate change mitigation, and urged for subsidies to increase fossil fuel production, calling man-made climate change a hoax.


text: President Obama's proposal calls for serious cuts in our own long-term carbon emissions, but China and India will still be allowed to increase their emissions.

evidence_id: 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference:132

evidence: The country submitted a proposed protocol which would have imposed deeper, legally binding emissions cuts, including on developing nations.

evidence_id: 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference:38

evidence: To cut carbon emissions by 15% below 2000 levels by 2020 if there is an agreement where major developing economies commit to substantially restrain emissions and advanced economies take on commitments comparable to Australia.

evidence_id: 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference:39

evidence: To cut carbon emissions by 5% below 2000 levels by 2020 unconditionally.

evidence_id: 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference:56

evidence: To cut carbon emissions by 15% below 1990 levels by 2020.

evidence_id: Emissions trading:431

article: Emissions trading

evidence: It is one of the ways countries can meet their obligations under the Kyoto Protocol to reduce carbon emissions and thereby mitigate global warming.


text: President-elect Trump has selected a climate change skeptic to head the team in charge of the transition between Obama and Trump's Environmental Protection Agencies.

evidence_id: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign:150

article: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

evidence: On May 9, Trump named New Jersey Governor Chris Christie to head a team to plan the transition of the presidency in the event of a Trump victory.

evidence_id: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign:1844

article: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

evidence: President-elect Donald J. Trump today announced the formation of the White House National Trade Council (NTC) and his selection of Dr. Peter Navarro to serve as Assistant to the President and Director of Trade and Industrial Policy.

evidence_id: Mike Pence:222

article: Mike Pence

evidence: Soon after the election, he was appointed chairman of President-elect Trump's transition team.

evidence_id: Scott Pruitt:386

article: Scott Pruitt

evidence: During his January 18, 2017, confirmation hearing to be EPA Administrator, he said that "the climate is changing, and human activity contributes to that in some manner".

evidence_id: Scott Pruitt:799

article: Scott Pruitt

evidence: Head Stacks Agency With Climate Change Skeptics".


text: Recent record-low water levels in Lake Michigan are evidence that global warming is leading to "the evaporation of our Great Lakes."

evidence_id: Global warming:32

article: Global warming

evidence: This is due to the larger heat capacity of oceans and because oceans lose more heat by evaporation.

evidence_id: Great Lakes:519

article: Great Lakes

evidence: "Great Lakes water levels reaching record lows".

evidence_id: Great Lakes:525

article: Great Lakes

evidence: "More recently, evaporation over lakes has steadily been increasing, largely due to increases in water surface temperature," Gronewold said.

evidence_id: Great Lakes:536

article: Great Lakes

evidence: "Climate change is lowering Great Lakes water levels.

evidence_id: Great Lakes:81

article: Great Lakes

evidence: In 2013, record low water levels in the Great Lakes were attributed to climate change.


text: Scientists are "questioning the original idea that man-made global warming is what is causing the climate to change. "

evidence_id: Global warming:276

article: Global warming

evidence: In the scientific literature, there is an overwhelming consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused mainly by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases.

evidence_id: Global warming:370

article: Global warming

evidence: "Scientific consensus: Earth's climate is warming".

evidence_id: Scientific consensus on climate change:11

article: Scientific consensus on climate change

evidence: It is "extremely likely" that this warming arises from "human activities, especially emissions of greenhouse gases" in the atmosphere.

evidence_id: Scientific consensus on climate change:58

article: Scientific consensus on climate change

evidence: The New York Times reported that "the leading international network of climate scientists has concluded for the first time that global warming is 'unequivocal' and that human activity is the main driver, 'very likely' causing most of the rise in temperatures since 1950".

evidence_id: Scientific consensus on climate change:69

article: Scientific consensus on climate change

evidence: The global warming observed over the past 50 years is due primarily to human-induced emissions of heat-trapping gases.


text: Scientists project that the Arctic will be ice-free in the summer of 2013.

evidence_id: Arctic Ocean:164

article: Arctic Ocean

evidence: Research shows that the Arctic may become ice-free in the summer for the first time in human history by 2040.

evidence_id: Arctic sea ice decline:242

article: Arctic sea ice decline

evidence: "US Navy predicts summer ice free Arctic by 2016".

evidence_id: Arctic sea ice decline:245

article: Arctic sea ice decline

evidence: Given the estimated trend and the volume estimate for October–November of 2007 at less than 9,000 km3, one can project that at this rate it would take only 9 more years or until 2016 ± 3 years to reach a nearly ice-free Arctic Ocean in summer.

evidence_id: Arctic sea ice decline:44

article: Arctic sea ice decline

evidence: The Third U.S. National Climate Assessment (NCA), released May 6, 2014, reports that the Arctic Ocean is expected to be ice free in summer before mid-century.

evidence_id: Arctic sea ice decline:45

article: Arctic sea ice decline

evidence: Models that best match historical trends project a nearly ice-free Arctic in the summer by the 2030s.


text: Scotland's climate targets are toughest in the world

evidence_id: Michael Gove:903

article: Michael Gove

evidence: "UK ivory ban to be 'toughest' in the world".

evidence_id: Renewable energy in Scotland:41

article: Renewable energy in Scotland

evidence: The following year new targets to reduce overall greenhouse gas emissions by 80% by 2050 were announced and then confirmed in the 2009 Climate Change Delivery Plan.

article: Scotland

evidence: "Sturgeon signs climate agreement with California".

article: Scotland

evidence: Cities such as Glasgow and Edinburgh were targeted by German bombers, as were smaller towns mostly located in the central belt of the country.

article: Scotland

evidence: The climate of most of Scotland is temperate and oceanic, and tends to be very changeable., As it is warmed by the Gulf Stream from the Atlantic, it has much milder winters (but cooler, wetter summers) than areas on similar latitudes, such as Labrador, southern Scandinavia, the Moscow region in Russia, and the Kamchatka Peninsula on the opposite side of Eurasia.


text: Sen. George LeMieux voted to let oil companies off the hook and overturn pollution rules.

article: BP

evidence: "Big Oil Let Off Hook Days After EU Drops Wall Street Probe".

evidence_id: United States Environmental Protection Agency:17

evidence: The Environmental Protection Agency has the power to issue regulations.

evidence_id: United States Environmental Protection Agency:202

evidence: The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program addresses water pollution by regulating point sources which discharge to US waters.

evidence_id: United States Environmental Protection Agency:51

evidence: Partly based on such litigation experience, Congress enacted the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, better known as the Clean Water Act.

evidence_id: United States Environmental Protection Agency:54

evidence: Four years later, in October 1976, Congress passed the Toxic Substances Control Act, which like FIFRA related to commercial products rather than pollution.


text: Solar panels drain the sun's energy.

article: Photovoltaics

evidence: Solar photovoltaic power generation has long been seen as a clean energy technology which draws upon the planet's most plentiful and widely distributed renewable energy source – the sun.

evidence_id: Renewable energy:0

article: Renewable energy

evidence: Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat.

evidence_id: Solar energy:587

article: Solar energy

evidence: Direct Use of the Sun's Energy.

evidence_id: Solar panel:0

article: Solar panel

evidence: Photovoltaic solar panels absorb sunlight as a source of energy to generate direct current electricity.

evidence_id: Solar panel:4

article: Solar panel

evidence: Photovoltaic modules use light energy (photons) from the Sun to generate electricity through the photovoltaic effect.


text: Surface temperatures on Earth "have stabilized."

article: Earth

evidence: This is predicted to produce changes such as the melting of glaciers and ice sheets, more extreme temperature ranges, significant changes in weather and a global rise in average sea levels.

article: Earth

evidence: Paleontological evidence and computer simulations show that Earth's axial tilt is stabilized by tidal interactions with the Moon.

evidence_id: Global warming:11

article: Global warming

evidence: Surface temperature increases are greatest in the Arctic, which has contributed to the retreat of glaciers, permafrost, and sea ice.

evidence_id: Global warming:252

article: Global warming

evidence: As stated in the Convention, this requires that greenhouse gas concentrations are stabilized in the atmosphere at a level where ecosystems can adapt naturally to climate change, food production is not threatened, and economic development can be sustained.

evidence_id: Water on Mars:385

article: Water on Mars

evidence: The Earth is stabilized by its proportionally large moon, so it only wobbles a few degrees.


text: Tallahassee reduced its carbon intensity by roughly 40 percent.

article: Coal

evidence: A typical bituminous coal may have an ultimate analysis on a dry, ash-free basis of 84.4% carbon, 5.4% hydrogen, 6.7% oxygen, 1.7% nitrogen, and 1.8% sulfur, on a weight basis.

evidence_id: Greenhouse gas:111

article: Greenhouse gas

evidence: Carbon dioxide mole fractions in the atmosphere have gone up by approximately 35 percent since the 1900s, rising from 280 parts per million by volume to 387 parts per million in 2009.

evidence_id: Greenhouse gas:115

article: Greenhouse gas

evidence: For example, the mole fraction of carbon dioxide has increased from 280 ppm to 415 ppm, or 120 ppm over modern pre-industrial levels.

evidence_id: Hurricane Katrina:282

article: Hurricane Katrina

evidence: For example, by 2006 the decreased biomass in bottomland hardwood forests contributed an amount of carbon which equated to roughly 140% of the net annual U.S. carbon sink in forest trees.

evidence_id: Kyoto Protocol and government action:288

article: Kyoto Protocol and government action

evidence: These include a target to reduce the energy intensity of their GDP by 20% during the 2005–10 period.


text: The 2007's early start to Daylight Saving Time contributed to global warming.

evidence_id: Daylight saving time in the United States:0

evidence: Daylight saving time in the United States is the practice of setting the clock forward by one hour during the warmer part of the year, so that evenings have more daylight and mornings have less.

evidence_id: Daylight saving time:148

article: Daylight saving time

evidence: In Western Australia during summer 2006–2007, DST increased electricity consumption during hotter days and decreased it during cooler days, with consumption rising 0.6% overall.

evidence_id: Daylight saving time:70

article: Daylight saving time

evidence: The 2007 U.S. change conformed to the Energy Policy Act of 2005; previously, from 1987 through 2006, the start- and end-dates were the first Sunday in April and the last Sunday in October.

evidence_id: Daylight saving time:84

article: Daylight saving time

evidence: Germany led the way by starting DST (German: Sommerzeit) during World War I on April 30, 1916 together with its allies to alleviate hardships from wartime coal shortages and air raid blackouts.

evidence_id: Eastern Time Zone:13

article: Eastern Time Zone

evidence: Later, the Energy Policy Act of 2005 extended daylight saving time in the United States, beginning in 2007.


text: The Business Council, the Minerals Council, the Australian Industry Group, the Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, have all called for the [carbon] tax to be repealed.

evidence_id: Carbon tax:135

article: Carbon tax

evidence: The law on carbon tax, also known as the Carbon Pricing Act, was passed on 20 March 2018.

evidence_id: Carbon tax:164

article: Carbon tax

evidence: On 1 July 2012, the Australian Federal government introduced a carbon price of AUD$23 per tonne of emitted CO2-e on selected fossil fuels consumed by major industrial emitters and government bodies such as councils.

evidence_id: Carbon tax:167

article: Carbon tax

evidence: On 17 July 2014, the Abbott Government passed repeal legislation through the Senate, and Australia became the first nation to abolish a carbon tax.

evidence_id: Carbon tax:443

article: Carbon tax

evidence: The County Council repealed the fee in July 2012.

evidence_id: Carbon tax:935

article: Carbon tax

evidence: "Carbon tax is gone: Repeal bills pass the Senate".


text: The carbon footprint on wind [energy] is significant.

evidence_id: Carbon footprint:133

article: Carbon footprint

evidence: Wind power and solar power, emit no carbon from the operation, but do leave a footprint during construction phase and maintenance during operation.

evidence_id: Carbon footprint:136

article: Carbon footprint

evidence: The CO2 footprint for heat is equally significant and research shows that using waste heat from power generation in combined heat and power district heating, chp/dh has the lowest carbon footprint, much lower than micro-power or heat pumps.

evidence_id: Carbon neutrality:149

article: Carbon neutrality

evidence: This comes mainly from wind turbines situated right across Orkney Many initiatives seek to assist individuals, businesses and states in reducing their carbon footprint or achieving climate neutrality.

evidence_id: Renewable energy:828

article: Renewable energy

evidence: "The 11 Biggest Wind Farms and Wind Power Constructions That Reduce Carbon Footprint".

evidence_id: Zero-energy building:20

article: Zero-energy building

evidence: Energy, particularly electricity and heating fuel, has a high carbon footprint.


text: The carbon tax is partly to blame for the closure of Alcoa's Point Henry aluminium smelter.

article: Alcoa

evidence: "Alcoa announces closure of Port Henry aluminium smelter".

article: Alcoa

evidence: In June 2013, Alcoa announced it would permanently close its Fusina primary aluminium smelter in Venice, Italy, where production had been curtailed since June 2010.

article: Alcoa

evidence: Two aluminium smelters are also operated in the state of Victoria at Portland and Point Henry; the Point Henry smelter was scheduled to be closed in August 2014.

evidence_id: Point Henry smelter:0

article: Point Henry smelter

evidence: The Point Henry aluminium smelter was located near Geelong, Victoria in the suburb of Moolap prior to its closure in 2014.

evidence_id: Point Henry smelter:18

article: Point Henry smelter

evidence: Following a board meeting in February 2014, Alcoa Chief Executive Klaus Kleinfeld announced that the smelter—along with two rolling mills—would close at the end of 2014.


text: The claim that 97 percent of scientists believe humans are causing climate change has been debunked by the "head" of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

evidence_id: Attribution of recent climate change:180

article: Attribution of recent climate change

evidence: The study found that 97% of the 489 scientists surveyed agreed that global temperatures have risen over the past century.

evidence_id: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change:0

evidence: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is an intergovernmental body of the United Nations that is dedicated to providing the world with objective, scientific information relevant to understanding the scientific basis of the risk of human-induced climate change, its natural, political, and economic impacts and risks, and possible response options.

evidence_id: Scientific consensus on climate change:10

article: Scientific consensus on climate change

evidence: Of these, 97% agree, explicitly or implicitly, that global warming is happening and is human-caused.

evidence_id: Scientific consensus on climate change:266

article: Scientific consensus on climate change

evidence: 97% of the scientists surveyed agreed that global temperatures had increased during the past 100 years; 84% said they personally believed human-induced warming was occurring, and 74% agreed that "currently available scientific evidence" substantiated its occurrence.

evidence_id: Scientific consensus on climate change:326

article: Scientific consensus on climate change

evidence: (i) 97–98% of the climate researchers most actively publishing in the field support the tenets of ACC (Anthropogenic Climate Change) outlined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and (ii) the relative climate expertise and scientific prominence of the researchers unconvinced of ACC are substantially below that of the convinced researchers.


text: The climate-change agreement between the United States and China "requires the Chinese to do nothing at all for 16 years."

evidence_id: 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference:173

evidence: One part of the agreement pledges US$30 billion to the developing world over the next three years, rising to US$100 billion per year by 2020, to help poor countries adapt to climate change.

article: China

evidence: It later produced a National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, with one revision that was received by the convention on 21 September 2010.

evidence_id: Donald Trump:2234

article: Donald Trump

evidence: "President Trump Signs First Congressional Review Act Disapproval Resolution in 16 Years".

evidence_id: United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement:0

evidence: On June 1, 2017, United States President Donald Trump announced that the U.S. would cease all participation in the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change mitigation.

evidence_id: United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement:40

evidence: Play media Play media In a televised announcement from the White House Rose Garden on June 1, 2017, Trump said, "In order to fulfill my solemn duty to protect the United States and its citizens, the United States will withdraw from the Paris climate accord," adding "The bottom line is that the Paris accord is very unfair at the highest level to the United States."


text: and three Nobel economic laureates support "direct investment in technology" rather than a carbon tax.

evidence_id: Joseph Stiglitz:186

article: Joseph Stiglitz

evidence: He also thinks that the rest of the world should impose a carbon-adjustment tax (a protectionist measure) on American exports that do not comply with global standard.

evidence_id: Leonid Hurwicz:185

article: Leonid Hurwicz

evidence: "Three Share Nobel in Economics for Work on Social Mechanisms".

evidence_id: Paul Samuelson:61

article: Paul Samuelson

evidence: In 2003, Samuelson was one of the ten Nobel Prize–winning economists signing the Economists' statement opposing the Bush tax cuts.

evidence_id: William Nordhaus:187

article: William Nordhaus

evidence: The Yale economist William D. Nordhaus has spent the better part of four decades trying to persuade governments to address climate change, preferably by imposing a tax on carbon emissions.

evidence_id: William Nordhaus:60

article: William Nordhaus

evidence: Many of the news outlets that reported on Nordhaus's prize noted that he was in the advance wave of economists who embraced a carbon tax as a preferred method of carbon pricing.


text: The EPA director under Obama said the Clean Power Initiative would have no effect on man-made CO2 emissions.

evidence_id: Climate change policy of the United States:269

evidence: In 2014, President Barack Obama proposed a series of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations, known as the Clean Power Plan that would reduce carbon pollution from coal-fired power plants.

evidence_id: Climate change policy of the United States:92

evidence: In 2015, Obama also announced the Clean Power Plan, which is the final version of regulations originally proposed by the EPA the previous year, and which pertains to carbon dioxide emissions from power plants.

evidence_id: Emissions trading:368

article: Emissions trading

evidence: Failing to get Congressional approval for such a scheme, President Barack Obama instead acted through the United States Environmental Protection Agency to attempt to adopt through rulemaking the Clean Power Plan, which does not feature emissions trading.

evidence_id: Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration:414

evidence: The Clean Power Plan was an Obama administration policy aimed at combating global warming that was first proposed in 2014.

evidence_id: Lisa P. Jackson:8

article: Lisa P. Jackson

evidence: During her tenure as EPA Administrator, Jackson oversaw the development of stricter fuel efficiency standards and the EPA's response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill; authorized the recognition of carbon dioxide as a public health threat, granting the EPA authority to set new regulations regarding CO2 emissions; and proposed amending the National Ambient Air Quality Standards to set stricter smog pollution limits.


text: the media created the term "polar vortex" and the cold air proves "the ice isn't melting."

evidence_id: Arctic methane emissions:54

article: Arctic methane emissions

evidence: This warm air carries heat to the permafrost around the Arctic, and melts it.

article: Arctic

evidence: "Ice melting across globe at accelerating rate, NASA says."

article: Cloud

evidence: A cumulonimbus incus cloud top is one that has spread out into a clear anvil shape as a result of rising air currents hitting the stability layer at the tropopause where the air no longer continues to get colder with increasing altitude.

evidence_id: Early 2014 North American cold wave:133

article: Early 2014 North American cold wave

evidence: This phenomenon has been suggested by some to result from the rapid melting of polar sea ice, which replaces white, reflective ice with dark, absorbent open water (i.e., the albedo of this region has decreased).

evidence_id: Early 2014 North American cold wave:221

article: Early 2014 North American cold wave

evidence: "'Polar vortex' set to bring dangerous, record-breaking cold to much of US".


text: The most recent survey of climate scientists said about 57 percent don't agree with the idea that 95 percent of the change in the climate is caused by CO2.

evidence_id: Scientific consensus on climate change:136

article: Scientific consensus on climate change

evidence: Most of the climatic warming over the last 50 years is likely to have been caused by increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

evidence_id: Scientific consensus on climate change:150

article: Scientific consensus on climate change

evidence: Human-caused increases in greenhouse gases are responsible for most of the observed global average surface warming of roughly 0.8 °C (1.5 °F) over the past 140 years.

evidence_id: Scientific consensus on climate change:19

article: Scientific consensus on climate change

evidence: It is extremely likely (95–100% probability) that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951–2010.

evidence_id: Scientific consensus on climate change:266

article: Scientific consensus on climate change

evidence: 97% of the scientists surveyed agreed that global temperatures had increased during the past 100 years; 84% said they personally believed human-induced warming was occurring, and 74% agreed that "currently available scientific evidence" substantiated its occurrence.

evidence_id: Scientific consensus on climate change:459

article: Scientific consensus on climate change

evidence: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change said the likelihood was 90 percent to 99 percent that emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, spewed from tailpipes and smokestacks, were the dominant cause of the observed warming of the last 50 years.


text: The North Pole is melting "a bit" but the South Pole is getting bigger.

evidence_id: North Pole:167

article: North Pole

evidence: The highest temperature yet recorded is 13 °C (55 °F), much warmer than the South Pole's record high of only −12.3 °C (9.9 °F).

evidence_id: North Pole:212

article: North Pole

evidence: New warning on Arctic sea ice melt.

evidence_id: North Pole:366

article: North Pole

evidence: "Freak storm pushes North Pole 50 degrees above normal to melting point" – via washingtonpost.com.

evidence_id: North Pole:385

article: North Pole

evidence: Arctic sea ice "faces rapid melt", BBC.

evidence_id: South Pole:15

article: South Pole

evidence: The polar ice sheet is moving at a rate of roughly 10 metres per year in a direction between 37° and 40° west of grid north, down towards the Weddell Sea.


text: The Obama administration "has been constrained by the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, which basically gives the responsible party the lead role in trying to not only fix the problem, but contain the problem."

evidence_id: Barack Obama:282

article: Barack Obama

evidence: On September 30, 2009, the Obama administration proposed new regulations on power plants, factories, and oil refineries in an attempt to limit greenhouse gas emissions and to curb global warming.

evidence_id: Barack Obama:315

article: Barack Obama

evidence: Obama's approach of selectively combining regulation and incentive to various issues in the domestic energy policy, such as coal mining and oil fracking, has received mixed commentary for not being as responsive to the needs of the domestic manufacturing sector as needed, following claims that the domestic manufacturing sector utilizes as much as a third of the nation's available energy resources.

article: Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration

evidence: The Clean Power Plan was an Obama administration policy aimed at combating global warming that was first proposed in 2014.

evidence_id: Joe Biden:17

article: Joe Biden

evidence: His negotiations with congressional Republicans helped the Obama administration pass legislation including the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010, which resolved a taxation deadlock; the Budget Control Act of 2011, which resolved that year's debt ceiling crisis; and the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which addressed the impending fiscal cliff.

evidence_id: Joe Biden:411

article: Joe Biden

evidence: Biden then took the lead in trying to sell the agreement to a reluctant Democratic caucus in Congress, which was passed as the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010.


text: The Obama administration is "proposing to mine another 10 billion tons of Wyoming coal, which would unleash three times more carbon pollution than Obama's Clean Power Plan would even save through 2030."

evidence_id: Clean Power Plan:12

article: Clean Power Plan

evidence: The final version of the plan aims to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from electrical power generation by 32 percent by 2030, relative to 2005 levels.

evidence_id: Clean Power Plan:21

article: Clean Power Plan

evidence: The EPA estimates the Clean Power Plan will reduce the pollutants that contribute to smog and soot by 25 percent, and the reduction will lead to net climate and health benefits of an estimated $25 billion to $45 billion per year in 2030.

evidence_id: Clean Power Plan:23

article: Clean Power Plan

evidence: EPA projects that the plan will save the average American family $85 per year in energy bills in 2030, and it will save enough energy to power 30 million homes and save consumers $155 billion from 2020–2030.

evidence_id: Clean Power Plan:24

article: Clean Power Plan

evidence: The plan would create 30 percent more renewable energy generation in 2030 and help to lower the costs of renewable energy.

evidence_id: Clean Power Plan:3

article: Clean Power Plan

evidence: The Obama administration designed the plan to lower the carbon dioxide emitted by power generators.


text: The Obama administration's "own Environmental Protection Agency" has said its Clean Power Plan "will have a marginal impact on climate change."

evidence_id: Clean Power Plan:0

article: Clean Power Plan

evidence: The Clean Power Plan was an Obama administration policy aimed at combating anthropogenic climate change (global warming) that was first proposed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in June 2014.

evidence_id: Clean Power Plan:116

article: Clean Power Plan

evidence: Janet McCabe, an Obama Administration EPA department head, stated that the decision completely disregards the impacts of climate and the cost and benefits associated with the started programs.

evidence_id: Clean Power Plan:151

article: Clean Power Plan

evidence: "The EPA Could Soon Formally Propose Repealing Obama's Key Climate Change Regulation".

evidence_id: Clean Power Plan:30

article: Clean Power Plan

evidence: According to the League of Conservation Voters in 2015, the Clean Power Plan "established the first national limits on carbon pollution from existing power plants—our nation's single largest source of the pollution fueling climate change" and was "the biggest step" the United States had "ever taken to address climate change."

evidence_id: Clean Power Plan:58

article: Clean Power Plan

evidence: According to the EPA fact sheet on the Clean Power Plan, climate change is responsible for everything from stronger storms to longer droughts and increased insurance premiums, food prices and allergy seasons.


text: The United States is the leading nation in the world "with the highest amount of doubt about the conventional wisdom of climate change."

evidence_id: Climate change denial:280

article: Climate change denial

evidence: An Angus Reid poll released in 2010 indicates that global warming skepticism in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom has been rising.

evidence_id: Climate change denial:288

article: Climate change denial

evidence: Newsweek reports that the majority of Europe and Japan accept the consensus on scientific climate change, but only one third of Americans considered human activity to play a major role in climate change in 2006; 64% believed that scientists disagreed about it "a lot."

evidence_id: Climate change denial:598

article: Climate change denial

evidence: The number of these climate skeptics is greater in the US than in any other country.

evidence_id: Climate change denial:97

article: Climate change denial

evidence: Today, climate change skepticism is most prominently seen in the United States, where the media disproportionately features views of the climate change denial community.

evidence_id: United States:626

article: United States

evidence: The United States leads the world in scientific research papers and impact factor.


text: There are about 120,000 solar energy jobs in the United States, but only 1,700 of them are in Georgia.

evidence_id: Georgia (U.S. state):280

article: Georgia (U.S. state)

evidence: In 2013, $189 million was invested in Georgia to install solar for home, business and utility use representing a 795% increase over the previous year.

evidence_id: Renewable energy in the United States:6

article: Renewable energy in the United States

evidence: As of 2016, more than 260,000 people worked in the solar industry and 43 states deployed net metering, where energy utilities bought back excess power generated by solar arrays.

evidence_id: Renewable energy in the United States:71

article: Renewable energy in the United States

evidence: There were 90,000 wind operations jobs in the United States in 2015.

evidence_id: Solar power in the United States:208

article: Solar power in the United States

evidence: The solar industry is currently one of the fastest growing in the United States, employing more than 250,000 people as of 2018.

evidence_id: Solar power in the United States:47

article: Solar power in the United States

evidence: [clarification needed] Solar jobs have more than doubled in the United States over the last decade growing 153% since 2010 to 242,343 workers directly employed by the industry.


text: There are already more American jobs in the solar industry than in coal mining.

evidence_id: Coal mining:233

article: Coal mining

evidence: Cerrejón directly employs 4,600 workers, with a further 3,800 employed by contractors.

evidence_id: Coal mining:284

article: Coal mining

evidence: The country's coal industry employs about 500,000 people.

evidence_id: Renewable energy commercialization:11

article: Renewable energy commercialization

evidence: A key benefit that this investment growth brings is a growth in jobs.

evidence_id: Renewable energy commercialization:16

article: Renewable energy commercialization

evidence: Renewable power has been more effective in creating jobs than coal or oil in the United States.

evidence_id: West Virginia:826

article: West Virginia

evidence: "Today's Energy Jobs Are in Solar, Not Coal".


text: There is a link between climate change and the NSW bushfires.

evidence_id: 2013 New South Wales bushfires:164

article: 2013 New South Wales bushfires

evidence: On 21 October, Christiana Figueres, a UN official on climate change, told CNN: The World Meteorological Organization has not established a direct link between this wildfire and climate change – yet.

evidence_id: 2013 New South Wales bushfires:507

article: 2013 New South Wales bushfires

evidence: "'Absolutely' a link between climate change and wildfires, U.N. climate chief Figueres tells Amanpour".

evidence_id: 2019–20 Australian bushfire season:427

article: 2019–20 Australian bushfire season

evidence: Climate and fire experts agree that climate change is a factor known to result in increased fire frequency and intensity in south east Australia, and although it should not be considered as the sole cause of the 2019-20 Australian fires, climate change is considered very likely to have contributed to the unprecedented extent and severity of the fires.

evidence_id: 2019–20 Australian bushfire season:455

article: 2019–20 Australian bushfire season

evidence: The false claims are, in some cases, used to undermine the link between the current bushfires and the longer, more intense fire seasons brought about by climate change."

article: Wildfire

evidence: White House explains the link between Climate Change and Wild Fires.