BACKGROUND 
       [0001]    IT (Information Technology) management systems come in a variety of flavors. As examples, some are designed to manage lifecycles of software applications. Some are used to manage business services and monitor application and system performance within an IT infrastructure. Others are used to manage IT services. In each case, an IT management system utilizes records to represent different IT management entities. An IT service management system, for example, may maintain records each reflecting a service request. 
     
    
     
       DRAWINGS 
         [0002]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram depicting an example of a screen-image classification system within an example environment. 
           [0003]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram depicting example components of a screen-image classification system. 
           [0004]      FIG. 3  is a block diagram depicting a memory resource and a processing resource for implementing the screen-image classification system of  FIG. 2  according to an example. 
           [0005]      FIG. 4  is a flow diagram depicting actions taken to implement an example. 
           [0006]      FIG. 5  depicts a sequence of screen views of a user device being used to submit a service request according to an example. 
           [0007]      FIG. 6  is a screen view depicting an example of a ticket generated as a result of the service request submission of  FIG. 5 . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0008]    Introduction: 
         [0009]    When interacting with an IT management system, user tasks often rely on tools for creating records and tools for utilizing the records to complete tasks. Using an IT service management system as an example, users of managed services utilize the service management system to report errors and other conditions needing resolution. For each such report, an electronic record, often referred to as a ticket, may be created. Each ticket includes a number of fields that are populated with values so that each ticket conveys the information needed to reach a resolution. 
         [0010]    A user may be alerted to a service condition by an notice such as an error screen or indicator presented in a graphical user interface. Once alerted to the condition, it can be difficult for users to navigate an IT service management system to select proper values for use in populating a ticket. This is especially true when the user is operating a mobile device such as a smart phone or tablet. Often, the user will not be able to easily identify the service at issue or accurately identify the condition. 
         [0011]    Various examples described below allow a user to submit a screen-image of a user interface. A screen-image is a digital image capturing the contents of a user interface being displayed by a user device at a point in time. From that screen image, an IT management system can identify values for populating fields of an electronic record such as a ticket. In doing so, unstructured data from the screen-image is recognized. The unstructured data is processed against historical data. The unstructured data may be text that is analyzed to identify text elements. The historical data includes correlations between text elements, record fields, and corresponding values for those fields. Based on matches between the text elements and correlated text elements in the historical data, record fields and values for populating those fields are identified. Where, for example, the screen-image captures a condition such as an error with respect to a given service, that screen-mage can be processed along with historical data to identify multiple field values for a corresponding ticket. Those values can identify an affected service, a category consistent with that condition, and a ticket owner responsible for managing or otherwise processing the ticket to reach a resolution. 
         [0012]    Components: 
         [0013]      FIGS. 1-3  depict examples of physical and logical components for implementing a screen-image based classification system.  FIG. 1  depicts an example environment  10  in which embodiments may be implemented as screen-image classification system  12 . In addition to system  12 , environment  10  is shown to include user devices  14 - 18  and server devices  20 - 22 . Each user device  14 - 18  represents a computing device configured to communicate with system  12  and consume services provided by server devices  20 - 22 . In this example, user devices  14 - 18  are depicted as tablet device  14 , laptop computer  16 , and smart phone  18 . 
         [0014]    Server device  20  represents any number of computing devices capable of providing any number of services for consumption by user devices  14 - 18 . Examples of services include email and other messaging services, database services, social networking, expense reporting and other human resource related services, and many others. Server device  22  represents any number of computing devices configured to provide one or more IT management services. Such can include services for managing the operation of server device  20  and services provided by server device  20 . 
         [0015]    Components  12 - 22  are interconnected via link  24 . Link  24  represents generally any infrastructure or combination of infrastructures, wired and wireless, configured to enable electronic communication between components  12 - 22 . For example, link  24  may represent the internet, one or more intranets, and any intermediate routers, switches, and other interfaces. 
         [0016]    System  12 , discussed in more detail below, represents a combination of hardware and programming configured to implement screen-image classification. System  12  is shown to include acquisition component  26  and classification component  28 . Acquisition component  26  is responsible for acquiring screen images captured by user devices  14 - 18  and communicating those screen-images to classification component  28 . Classification component  28  is responsible for processing screen-images communicated by acquisition component  26  to discern field values for populating electronic records utilized by an IT management service provided or otherwise implemented by service device  22 . While shown as a separate component in environment  10 , system  12  may be integrated within one or all of user devices  14 - 18 . System  12  may be integrated in one or more of server devices  20 - 22  or another server device or user device not shown. System  12  may be distributed across any number of server devices  20 - 22 , user devices  14 - 18  and other devices not shown. For example, acquisition component  26  may be implemented by each user device  14 - 18  while classification component  28  may be implemented by server device  22 . 
         [0017]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram depicting example complements of system  12 . In  FIG. 2 , various components are identified as engines  30 - 38 . In describing engines  30 - 38 , focus is on each engine&#39;s designated function. However, the term engine, as used herein, refers to a physical combination of hardware and programming configured to perform a designated function. As is illustrated later with respect to  FIG. 3 , the hardware of each engine, for example, may include one or both of a processing device and a memory device, while the programming is code stored on that memory device and executable by the processing device to perform the designated function. 
         [0018]    Continuing with  FIG. 2 , system  12  is shown to include image acquisition engines  30 , communication engine  32 , image process engine  34 , analysis engine  36 , and ticket engine  38 . In performing their respective functions, engines  30 - 38  may access data repository  40 . Repository  40  represents generally any storage memory accessible to system  12  that can be used to store and retrieve data. With reference back to  FIG. 1 , acquisition component  26  corresponds to image acquisition engines  30  and classification component corresponds to engines  32 - 38 . 
         [0019]    Image acquisition engines  30  are each responsible for initiating, with respect to a given user device, communication of screen-images for acquisition by the communication engine  32 . Each image acquisition engine  30  may, for example, be configured to cause a corresponding user device to capture a screen-image or otherwise access a screen-image previously captured by that user device and then initiate communication of that screen-image to communication engine  32 . The communication may be directly to communication engine  32  or to data repository  40  from which communication engine  32  may access the screen-image from screen-image data  42 . 
         [0020]    Communication engine  32  is responsible for acquiring screen-images. The screen-images may be acquired as a result of a communication initiated by image acquisition engines  30 . Thus, communication engine  32  may acquire the screen-images directly from image acquisition engines  30  or from data repository  40 . Image process engine  34  is configured to recognize or otherwise discern text elements within each acquired screen-image. For example, image process engine  34  may perform optical character recognition to identify text within each screen-image. From the recognized text, image process engine  36  may then recognize text elements. Text elements are words and phrases that may be indicative of field values to be used to populate an electronic record. In doing so, image process engine  34  may compare the recognized text to a library containing such words and phrases. Such a library may be part of historical data  44 . 
         [0021]    Analysis engine  34  is responsible for processing the text elements recognized within each screen-image against a collection of historical data  44  to discern a plurality of different field values corresponding to that screen-image. The field values are values to be used to populate selected fields of an electronic record. That record, for example, may be a ticket for use by an IT service management system. The field values may then identify a particular service and a category consistent with a condition for that service. That condition may be an error condition as indicated in a given screen-image. 
         [0022]    The historical data  44  is a collection of electronic information assembled over time that can be processed along with text elements recognized from screen-images to discern field values. In an example, the historical data  44  includes previously identified correlations between text elements and field values for use in populating electronic records. Where, for example, an electronic record is a ticket for an IT service management system, the correlations may be between text elements, managed services, and categories consistent with various possible conditions of those managed services. 
         [0023]    Analysis engine  36  may also be configured to, for each acquired screen-image, utilize the plurality of field values discerned for that screen-image to discern a record owner from among a plurality of record owners. A record owner is an individual or service selected to utilize or consume an electronic record populated with field values discerned from text elements recognized from a screen-image. Were, for example, the electronic record is a ticket for an IT service management system, the record owner may me an individual responsible for resolving a condition experienced by a user of a managed service. Here, analysis engine  36  may utilize the historical data  44  or other data that correlates field values with record owners to identify the record owner. 
         [0024]    Record engine  38  is responsible for maintaining an electronic record for each acquired screen-image such that the record is defined, at least in part, by the different field values discerned for that screen-image. In performing its function, record engine  38  may generate a new electronic record within electronic records  46  or update an existing record within electronic records  46 . 
         [0025]    In addition to acquiring screen-images, communication engine  32  may be configured to, for each electronic record maintained by the record engine  38 , initiate a communication addressed to the record owner discerned for that electronic record. That communication includes data indicative of the electronic record. As examples, communication engine  38  may initiate the sending of an electronic message alerting the record owner. Communication engine  32  may communicate the electronic record to a corresponding IT management system so that it may appear in a collection of records assigned to that record owner. 
         [0026]    In the foregoing discussion, engines  30 - 38  were described as combinations of hardware and programming. Engines  30 - 38  may be implemented in a number of fashions. Looking at  FIG. 3 , the programming may be processor executable instructions stored on tangible memory resource  48  and the hardware may include processing resource  50  for executing those instructions. Thus memory resource  48  can be said to store program instructions that when executed by processing resource  50  implements system  12  of  FIG. 2 . 
         [0027]    Memory resource  48  represents generally any number of memory components capable of storing instructions that can be executed by processing resource  50 . Memory resource  48  is non-transitory in the sense that it does not encompass a transitory signal but instead is made up of more or more memory components configured to store the relevant instructions. Memory resource  48  may be implemented in a single device or distributed across devices. Likewise, processing resource  50  represents any number of processors capable of executing instructions stored by memory resource  50 . Processing resource  50  may be integrated in a single device or distributed across devices. Further, memory resource  48  may be fully or partially integrated in the same device as processing resource  50 , or it may be separate but accessible to that device and processing resource  50 . 
         [0028]    In one example, the program instructions can be part of an installation package that when installed can be executed by processing resource  50  to implement system  76 . In this case, memory resource  48  may be a portable medium such as a CD, DVD, or flash drive or a memory maintained by a server from which the installation package can be downloaded and installed. In another example, the program instructions may be part of an application or applications already installed. Here, memory resource  48  can include integrated memory such as a hard drive, solid state drive, or the like. 
         [0029]    In  FIG. 3 , the executable program instructions stored in memory resource  48  are depicted as image acquisition, communication, image process, analysis, and record modules  52 - 60  respectively. Image acquisition module  52  represents program instructions that, when executed, cause processing resource  50  to implement image acquisition engines  30 . Here, for example, processing resource  50  may include the processors of the one or more user devices. Communication module  54  represents program instructions that, when executed, cause processing resource  50  to implement communication engine  32 . Image process module  56  represents program instructions that, when executed, cause processing resource  50  to implement image process engine  34 . Analysis module  58  represents program instructions that, when executed, cause processing resource  50  to implement analysis engine  36 . Record module  60  represents program instructions that, when executed, cause processing resource  50  to implement record engine  38 . With respect to modules  54 - 60 , the processing resource may include one or more processors of one or more servicer devices, one or more user devices, or a combination thereof. 
         [0030]    Operation: 
         [0031]      FIG. 4  is a flow diagram of actions taken to implement a method for evaluating user interface efficiency.  FIGS. 5 and 6  depict screen images for providing additional context in the form of an example use case for the method depicted in  FIG. 4 . In discussing  FIGS. 4-6 , reference may be made to components depicted in  FIGS. 1-3 . Such reference is made to provide contextual examples and not to limit the manner in which the method depicted by  FIG. 4  may be implemented. 
         [0032]    Starting with  FIG. 4 , a screen-image is acquired (block  62 ). That screen image is associated with a particular service being consumed or otherwise utilized by a user device. The screen-image captures contents of a user interface being displayed by the user device at a point in time. Referring back to  FIG. 2 , communication engine  32  may be responsible for implementing block  62  by receiving a communication containing the screen-image or by accessing the screen-image from data store  40 . 
         [0033]    The acquired screen-image is processed to recognize unstructured data within that screen-image (block  64 ). Such may be accomplished using optical character recognition. The unstructured data recognized from the screen-image against a collection of historical data to discern a plurality of different field values (block  66 ). Those field values are for use in maintaining an electronic record so that the record is defined, at least in part, by the discerned plurality of different field values. Here, the unstructured data can include text that can be processed to identify text elements related to the service. Those text elements can be processed against the historical data to discern the field values. The historical data may include a plurality of correlations between text elements and field values. Here, by matching text elements recognized from the screen-image to text elements of the historical data&#39;s correlations, corresponding field values can be discerned. Referring to  FIG. 2 , block  64  may be performed by image process engine  34  and block  66  may be performed by analysis engine  36 . While not depicted in  FIG. 4 , the method may also include maintaining an electronic record using the field values discerned in block  66 . Such may be implemented by record engine  38  of  FIG. 2 . 
         [0034]    Utilizing the discerned plurality of different field values, a record owner value may be identified. The identified record owner value is used to maintain the electronic record so that it is defined, at least in part, by the discerned plurality of different field values and that record owner value. A communication may then be initiated such that the communication is addressed according to the record owner value. The communication includes data indicative of the electronic record as defined by the discerned plurality of different field values. 
         [0035]    The screen-image acquired in block  62  may be associated with one of a plurality of managed services. The unstructured data recognized in block  64  may include text elements indicative of one of a plurality of conditions of that service. The plurality of field values discerned in block  66  can then include a first value indicative of the one of the plurality of managed services and a second value indicative of a category consistent with the one of the plurality of conditions. 
         [0036]    Looking now at the Screen images of  FIGS. 5 and 6  an example use case is described to provide additional context for the method depicted in  FIG. 4 . Starting with  FIG. 5 , two user interfaces  70  and  72  displayed by a user device  74  at different times are depicted. User interface  70  is for a service with which user device is interacting. User interface  70  includes content  76  reflective of a condition of that service. Here that condition may be an error being experienced by a user of device  74 . That user may then cause the device to capture that user-interface as a screen-image. 
         [0037]    User interface  72  is that of an image acquisition function provided, for example, by an image acquisition engine  30  of  FIG. 2 . Via user interface  72 , a user may utilize control  78  to attach the captured screen-image of user interface  70 . Control  80  can then be used to initiate a communication of the attached screen-image to, for example, communication engine  32  or data store  40  of  FIG. 2 . 
         [0038]      FIG. 6  depicts a user interface  82  of a service management tool provided by an IT service management system. User interface depicts a text box  84  and a number of fields including fields  86 - 88 . Using the method of  FIG. 4 , the screen image caused to be communicated through user interface  72  of  FIG. 5  is processed. Through that processing, field values are identified and used to automatically populate fields  86 - 90 . The recognized unstructured data is used to automatically populate text box  84 . Here those field values identify a service, a category reflective of a condition represented by content  76  of  FIG. 5 , and record owner. 
         [0039]    In the use case represented by  FIGS. 5 and 6 , a user need only capture and submit a screen-image of a service experiencing a condition for which the user is requesting a resolution. That screen-image is then used to automatically populate an electronic record such as a ticket that can then be used to manage the user&#39;s request. 
         [0040]    Conclusion: 
         [0041]      FIGS. 1-3  aid in depicting the architecture, functionality, and operation of various embodiments. In particular,  FIGS. 1-3  depict various physical and logical components. Various components are defined at least in part as programs or programming. Each such component, portion thereof, or various combinations thereof may represent in whole or in part a module, segment, or portion of code that comprises one or more executable instructions to implement any specified logical function(s). Each component or various combinations thereof may represent a circuit or a number of interconnected circuits to implement the specified logical function(s). 
         [0042]    Embodiments can be realized in any memory resource for use by or in connection with processing resource. A “processing resource” is an instruction execution system such as a computer/processor based system or an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) or other system that can fetch or obtain instructions and data from computer-readable media and execute the instructions contained therein. A “memory resource” is any non-transitory storage media that can contain, store, or maintain programs and data for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system. The term “non-transitory is used only to clarify that the term media, as used herein, does not encompass a signal. Thus, the memory resource can comprise any one of many physical media such as, for example, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, or semiconductor media. More specific examples of suitable computer-readable media include, but are not limited to, hard drives, solid state drives, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory, flash drives, and portable compact discs. 
         [0043]    Although the flow diagram of  FIG. 4  shows a specific order of execution, the order of execution may differ from that which is depicted. For example, the order of execution of two or more blocks or arrows may be scrambled relative to the order shown. Also, two or more blocks shown in succession may be executed concurrently or with partial concurrence. All such variations are within the scope of the present invention. 
         [0044]    The present invention has been shown and described with reference to the foregoing exemplary embodiments. It is to be understood, however, that other forms, details and embodiments may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention that is defined in the following claims.
Role based assessment for an IT management system, includes maintaining a plurality of roles, each role attributable to a user type within an IT management system. Mappings are defined between the plurality of user roles and assets of the IT management system. An assessment for the IT management system is then assembled from the perspective of a selected one of the plurality of roles based on mappings between the selected user role and the assets.