CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
   This is a Continuation Application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/958,520 filed on Feb. 12, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,782,888, which is a national stage case from PCT/IB00/00407 filed on Apr. 3, 2000 and claims priority to Swiss Patent Application 652/99, filed on Apr. 7, 1999. 


   STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
   Not applicable. 
   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   The invention refers to a ventilator. 
   TECHNICAL FIELD 
   Ventilators are used to either ventilate patients who have breathing difficulties or a loss of lung function, or they are used as gas mixing devices to condition the air inhaled by a patient. They therefore have ventilator gas connections, valves, controls for the valves and pressurised gas connections, to create gas pressure to inject air into the ventilating tubes or patient&#39;s lungs. 
   In operation the pressurised gas connections are often connected to a compressed air system, where the compressed air in the device operates a pneumatic pump, which transports the ventilator gases. However, the ventilator gases can be injected under pressure through the actual ventilator gas connections, meaning that the pressure required for ventilation is provided by the ventilator gases themselves. Ventilators do exist which can be attached to a compressor, which creates the necessary ventilator gas pressure when in operation and injects this into the ventilator. 
   Conventional ventilators therefore consist of a housing unit, which contains the gas supply container, valves, controls and possibly batteries as emergency power supply for the electrical valve controls as well. The housing also contains the ventilator gas connections and connections for the ventilating tubes mentioned above. The connections are connected to the valves and the gas supply container via tubes inside the device. As these tubes take up a certain amount of constructional volume and adequate space must be available to fit these tubes, conventional ventilators must be of a certain size. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   The invention aims to reduce the constructional size of a ventilator. This task is solved by the distinctive features. The first step of the invention is to replace the tubes with rigid pipes. The second step of the invention is to integrate the tubes with the gas supply container, thus forming a compact block of plastic or metal. The invention then foresees the consequent integration or flange-mounting of the necessary valves and gas connections in/on this block. This produces a very compact design for the device. 
   Further developments for the invention, which could in principle also be used independently of the inventive concepts above, include the following particular points: 
   The integration of a compressor in the housing, where the compressor&#39;s pressure output could be connected to the block via a tube to allow vibration-free coupling of pressure between the compressor and the block. 
   Heated gas feeds, by using the heat generated by the compressor&#39;s activity to prevent the undesirable formation of condensation in the ventilator gas. 
   To achieve complete electrical self-sufficiency, where all electrically operated parts, which also includes the compressor, can be supplied with power from an internal battery. This battery should ideally be the main source of energy and should only be given a constant mains boost or charge via a charger where a mains feed is available. With this invention, disconnecting from the mains supply will not therefore interrupt ventilation in any way. This also dispenses with the need to connect a compressed gas supply by means of a gas bottle, which was an essential accompaniment previously. This makes it easier to transport a patient who is on a ventilator, as the ventilator can be simply disconnected from the mains and moved with the patient. 
   An integrated charger for the integrated battery with a preferred design, with which any AC mains voltages between 80 and 270 V can be fed without the operating staff having to make any settings on the power unit. 
   An integrated connector to connect the ventilator&#39;s electrics or electronics with an external DC source, e.g. the on-board power supply of a motor vehicle. 
   A display, which is integrated in the housing, and a control panel. The preferred design for the latter is a push-and-turn knob, which permits single-handed selection of fields and buttons on the display. The electronics for this are programmed such that the selected fields appear highlighted in colour, thus making it easier and safer to use. The preferred design has additional keys, which are used to trigger instant control operations and program steps or settings. 
   Electrical interfaces in the housing, constituting a computer port (RS 232 interface), a nurse call, etc. 
   Sensors, either connected to or integrated in the block, which permit a patient&#39;s breathing activities to be monitored and these values to be reproduced on the display. A software, parameterised by the sensors, also allows control of ventilation depending on the measured parameters. 
   Proximal flow sensors can be connected to detect the patient&#39;s own attempts to breathe in the immediate proximity of the patient and deliver this to the electronics of the device. 
   A special, new and independently applicable software, which allows forced sigh ventilation to be set for any interval and any pressure and/or volume values. Sigh ventilation of this sort is a known feature, however state-of-the-art devices only allow this sort of ventilation to be carried out in an unspecific way. Hence sigh ventilation can be activated or deactivated in conventional devices—for example, every hundredth breath is performed with 120% of the normal breath volume and the lungs of the patient are therefore overstretched a bit with every hundredth breath. It was previously believed that this was sufficient, as a comparable sigh breath frequency had been established for the average patient. The inventor has however discovered that the average sigh ventilation is not always ideal. This sort of ventilation may even be painful for a patient following a recent ribcage operation, for example. The way that this invention can be set means that personal consideration can be given to each patient&#39;s requirements. 


   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The figures describe a preferred design for the invention. This is an example and is not restrictive. 
       FIG. 1  A new type of ventilator, fully assembled and on a mobile stand; 
       FIG. 2  The same device in  FIG. 1 , showing the individual components; 
       FIG. 3  The block feature of the invention as central part of  FIG. 2  and 
       FIG. 4  A block diagram of the sample design. 
   


   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
   The Figures are described in general. Additional benefits and features of the invention, as well as additional preferred formations, arise from the description of the Figures. 
   The functionality and design of the preferred sample design can be seen in the block diagram in  FIG. 4 : on the input side you will see the gas connections— 1   c  compressor input,  1   a  compressed air input,  1   b  ventilation gas input, e.g. oxygen input and  27  therapy gas input, e.g., for NO. The inputs are sighted on a block  12 , which is found within the housing  7 . Comprising input  1   c  leads to a compressor  6 , which is connected via a flexible pipe  10  with a rigid pipe  11   a , which forms a compressed air pipe  4  to a gas supply container  8 . Pipe  11   a  is interrupted by a valve  2   a , which either feeds or blocks the compressed air from the compressor or from the compressed air connection la to the gas supply container  8 . A similar ventilation gas valve  2   b  feeds or blocks the ventilation gas passage to pipe  11   a  from ventilation gas connection  1   b  (in this case oxygen, for example). 
   Parallel to the pipe  11   a  a rigid pipe  11   c , is fed through block  12  or is designed in the block wall in particular. Pipe  11   c  connects the therapy gas connection  27  to the therapy gas output  28 . Pipe  11   c  is divided by a controllable therapy gas valve  25 . This design was preferable to the known superstructures, where the therapy gas pipes and therapy gas control valves were housed separately to the ventilator and therefore needed additional expenditure on equipment. The advantages over the known design include not only a reduced amount of housing and reduced structural volume, but it is also simpler to operate and clearer in use. 
   The gas supply container  8  is equipped with an oxygen sensor  26 . On the output side it is connected to the ventilator tube  5  via a rigid pipe  11   b . The rigid pipe  11   b  has a controllable inspiration valve  2   c . The pressure and/or flow is measured before as well as after the gas supply container  8  via integrated sensors  22   a  and  22   b . A proximal flow sensor  23  permits measurement of the patient&#39;s own breathing performance. 
   To administer medication and humidity, a nebulizer pipe  36  is provided, which has a nebulizer valve  34  and nebulizer chamber  37 . Various check valves  24  prevent loss of pressure if the connection tubes are disconnected. An expiration valve  2   d  terminates the expiration pipe  29 . A ventilation tube  5 , as well as a therapy gas output  28  if needed, run to the patient parallel to the expiration pipe  29 . 
   The housing  7  also contains a control system or electronics  3 , which are symoblically depicted and are especially connected to the electronically controlled valves and sensors. It also contains a battery or accumulator  9 , which is powered from the charging equipment  15 . A novel and preferential design of the charging equipment  15  allows it to connect to the DC power supply via a DC connection  16  on the one side and be charged with AC voltage of between 80 and 270 V via an AC connection  39  on the other side, without having to be set manually. Appropriate electronics are integrated in the charging equipment  15 . The connection between battery  9  and charging equipment  15  is designed so that the battery receives a permanent charge all the time the charging equipment  15  is connected to the mains. If the external power supply fails, the system automatically switches to the internal battery. The control electronics comprises software that may be programmed via the control panel. The software operates to allow the setting of sigh ventilation for a patient, such as a selected time interval, repeatability and selected sigh pressure, selected sigh volume, and/or selected values of volume or pressure and gas mixture, such as mixture of air and NO. 
   In this sample design the block is divided into two—a lower section  12   b  and an upper section  12   a . This is for assembly reasons and not essential. In the same way single piece or multi-piece blocks could be used for the invention. As can be seen in  FIG. 3  the lower section  12   b  includes an oxygen block  33  with oxygen sensor  26  and expiration valve  2   d . In service the lower section  12   b  is screwed tightly to the upper section  12   a  to form the gas supply container  8  on the inside. 
   In this invention the shell walls of the upper and lower sections  12   a  and  12   b  contain rigid pipes which represent the gas routes according to the block diagram in  FIG. 4 . A special pipe is represented by a broken line: gas deliverer  14  is a pipe which is connected to the compressor output  13 . Compressed air leaving the compressor is warm when it is expelled. As this warm air has to travel a relatively long way through gas deliverer  14 , this heat is released to block  12 . This reduces the risk of condensation building up in the gas supply container  8 . An alternative to the gas deliverer  14  shown here would be to use a longer, perhaps spirally rolled pipe inside the gas supply container  8  to access the compressor output  13 . 
   Included in the upper section  12   a  are the compressed air and ventilator gas connections  1   a  and  1   b , as well as therapy gas connection  27 . It also carries a tank pressure control valve  32 , the inspiration valve  2   c , the therapy gas valve  25 , and a safety block  35 , which has a patient pressure relief valve and a patient suction relief valve. The last valves mentioned are equally located on valve block  38 , which is designed as an integrated block and which incorporates the emergency valves and the devices for flow and pressure measurement in particular. The upper section  12   a  additionally carries a nebulizer valve  34  and the front connections  30 . 
     FIG. 2  primarily shows the design in  FIG. 3  when it is installed in housing  7 , which is illustrated in two sections ( 7   a ,  7   b ) in this sample design. The compressor  6  with its flexible pipe  10  is symbolically illustrated. In the lower section of the housing  7   b  you can see a compartment with integrated battery  9 , the electronics  3  and the location of the DC connection  16 , an AC connection  39 , as well as an interface  21  for a wide variety of connections, such as RS232, nurse call, etc. 
   The grips on the side  40  are used for transportation, as is the stand  31 , which is shown in  FIG. 1 . 
   In  FIG. 1  you can also see a display  17  and a keyboard  18  with push buttons  20  and a preferentially used push-and-turn knob  19 . This makes it particularly easy to make the menu-controlled device settings, as mentioned in the introduction to the description.
A ventilator is disclosed which has a compact block made of plastic or metal and includes an electrical computer interface, in which rigid pipes and a gas supply container are integrated, resulting in a more compact device than conventional superstructures and improved therapy gas delivery and nebulization.