This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/860,195, filed Nov. 20, 2006, which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates generally to amide containing azabicyclic metalloprotease inhibiting compounds, and more particularly to azabicyclic amide MMP-13, MMP-8, MMP-3 and MMP-2 inhibiting compounds. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and aggrecanases (ADAMTS=a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif) are a family of structurally related zinc-containing enzymes that have been reported to mediate the breakdown of connective tissue in normal physiological processes such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodelling. Over-expression of MMPs and aggrecanases or an imbalance between extracellular matrix synthesis and degradation has been suggested as factors in inflammatory, malignant and degenerative disease processes. MMPs and aggrecanases are, therefore, targets for therapeutic inhibitors in several inflammatory, malignant and degenerative diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, periodontitis, multiple sclerosis, gingivitis, corneal epidermal and gastric ulceration, atherosclerosis, neointimal proliferation (which leads to restenosis and ischemic heart failure) and tumor metastasis. 
     The ADAMTSs are a group of proteases that are encoded in 19 ADAMTS genes in humans. The ADAMTSs are extracellular, multidomain enzymes whose functions include collagen processing, cleavage of the matrix proteoglycans, inhibition of angiogenesis and blood coagulation homoeostasis ( Biochem. J.  2005, 386, 15-27;  Arthritis Res. Ther.  2005, 7, 160-169;  Curr. Med. Chem. Anti - Inflammatory Anti - Allergy Agents  2005, 4, 251-264). 
     The mammalian MMP family has been reported to include at least 20 enzymes ( Chem. Rev.  1999, 99, 2735-2776). Collagenase-3 (MMP-13) is among three collagenases that have been identified. Based on identification of domain structures for individual members of the MMP family, it has been determined that the catalytic domain of the MMPs contains two zinc atoms; one of these zinc atoms performs a catalytic function and is coordinated with three histidines contained within the conserved amino acid sequence of the catalytic domain. MMP-13 is over-expressed in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, breast carcinoma, squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, and vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. The principal substrates of MMP-13 are fibrillar collagens (types I, II, III) and gelatins, proteoglycans, cytokines and other components of ECM (extracellular matrix). 
     The activation of the MMPs involves the removal of a propeptide, which features an unpaired cysteine residue complexed with the catalytic zinc (II) ion. X-ray crystal structures of the complex between MMP-3 catalytic domain and TIMP-1 and MMP-14 catalytic domain and TIMP-2 also reveal ligation of the catalytic zinc (II) ion by the thiol of a cysteine residue. The difficulty in developing effective MMP inhibiting compounds comprises several factors, including choice of selective versus broad-spectrum MMP inhibitors and rendering such compounds bioavailable via an oral route of administration. 
     MMP-3 (stromelysin-1; transin-1) is another member of the MMP family ( FASEB J.  1991, 5, 2145-2154). Human MMP-3 was initially isolated from cultured human synoviocytes. It is also expressed by chondrocytes and has been localized in OA cartilage and synovial tissues ( Am. J. Pathol.  1989, 135, 1055-64). 
     MMP-3 is produced by basal keratinocytes in a variety of chronic ulcers. MMP-3 mRNA and Protein were detected in basal keratinocytes adjacent to but distal from the wound edge in what probably represents the sites of proliferating epidermis. MMP-3 may thus prevent the epidermis from healing ( J. Clin. Invest.  1994, 94, 79-88). 
     MMP-3 serum protein levels are significantly elevated in patients with early and long-term rheumatoid arthritis ( Arthritis Rheum.  2000, 43, 852-8) and in osteoarthritis patients ( Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res.  2004, 428, 272-85) as well as in other inflammatory diseases like systemic lupus erythematosis and ankylosing spondylitis ( Rheumatology  2006, 45, 414-20). 
     MMP-3 acts on components of the ECM as aggrecan, fibronectin, gelatin, laminin, elastin, fibrillin and others and on collagens of type III, IV, V, VII, IX, X ( Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res.  2004, 428, 272-85). On collagens of type II and IX, MMP-3 exhibits telopeptidase activity ( Arthritis Res.  2001, 3, 107-13;  Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res.  2004, 427, S118-22). MMP-3 can activate other MMP family members such as MMP-1, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-9 and MMP-13 ( Ann. Rheum. Dis.  2001, 60 Suppl 3:iii62-7). 
     MMP-3 is involved in the regulation of cytokines and chemokines by releasing TGFβ1 from the ECM, activating TNFα, inactivating IL-1β and releasing IGF ( Nat. Rev. Immunol.  2004, 4, 617-29). A potential role for MMP-3 in the regulation of macrophage infiltration is based on the ability of the enzyme to convert active MCP species into antagonistic peptides ( Blood  2002, 100, 1160-7). 
     MMP-8 (collagenase-2; neutrophil collagenase; EC 3.4.24.34) is another member of the MMP family ( Biochemistry  1990, 29, 10628-34). Human MMP-8 was initially located in human neutrophils ( Biochemistry  1990, 29, 10620-7). It is also expressed by macrophages, human mucosal keratinocytes, bronchial epithelial cells, ginigival fibroblasts, resident synovial and articular chondrodrocytes mainly in the course of inflammatory conditions ( Cytokine  &amp;  Growth Factor Rev.  2006, 17, 217-23). 
     The activity of MMP-8 is tightly regulated and mostly limited to the sites of inflammation. MMP-8 is expressed and stored as an inactive pro-enzyme in the granules of the neutrophils. Only after the activation of the neutrophils by proinflammatory mediators, MMP-8 is released and activated to exert its function. 
     MMP-8 plays a key role in the migration of immune cells to the sites of inflammation. MMP-8 degrades components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) such as collagen type I, II, III, VII, X, cartilage aggrecan, laminin-5, nidogen, fibronectin, proteoglycans and tenascin, thereby facilitating the cells migration through the ECM barrier. MMP-8 also influences the biological activity of its substrates. Through proteolytic processing of the chemokines IL-8, GCP-2, ENA-78, MMP-8 increases the chemokines ability to activate the infiltrating immune cells. While MMP-8 inactivates the serine protease inhibitor alpha-1 antitrypsin through its cleavage ( Eur. J. Biochem.  2003, 270, 3739-49;  PloS One  2007, 3, 1-10;  Cytokine  &amp;  Growth Factor Rev.  2006, 17, 217-23). 
     MMP-8 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory diseases characterized by the excessive influx and activation of neutrophils, including cystic fibrosis ( Am. J. Resprir. Critic. Care Med.  1994, 150, 818-22), rheumatoid arthritis ( Clin. Chim. Acta  1996, 129-43), chronic periodontal disease ( Annals Med.  2006, 38, 306-321) and chronic wounds ( J. Surg. Res.  1999, 81, 189-195). 
     In osteoarthritis patients, MMP-8 protein expression is significantly elevated in inflamed human articular cartilage in the knee and ankle joints ( Lab Invest.  1996, 74, 232-40;  J. Biol. Chem.  1996, 271, 11023-6). 
     The levels of activated MMP-8 in BALF is an indicator of the disease severity and correlates with the airway obstruction in patients with asthma, COPD, pulmonary emphysema and bronchiectasis ( Lab Invest.  2002, 82, 1535-45;  Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.  1999, 159, 1985-91;  Respir. Med.  2005, 99, 703-10;  J. Pathol.  2001, 194, 232-38). 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a new class of azabicyclic amide containing pharmaceutical agents which inhibits metalloproteases. In particular, the present invention provides a new class of metalloprotease inhibiting compounds that exhibit potent MMP-13 inhibiting activity and/or activity towards MMP-8, MMP-3 and MMP-2. 
     The present invention provides several new classes of amide containing azabicyclic metalloprotease compounds, which are represented by the following general formulas: 
                                
wherein all variables in the preceding Formula (I) are as defined hereinbelow.
 
     The azabicyclic metalloprotease inhibiting compounds of the present invention may be used in the treatment of metalloprotease mediated diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, cancer (e.g. but not limited to melanoma, gastric carcinoma or non-small cell lung carcinoma), inflammation, atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ocular diseases (e.g. but not limited to ocular inflammation, retinopathy of prematurity, macular degeneration with the wet type preferred and corneal neovascularization), neurologic diseases, psychiatric diseases, thrombosis, bacterial infection, Parkinson&#39;s disease, fatigue, tremor, diabetic retinopathy, vascular diseases of the retina, aging, dementia, cardiomyopathy, renal tubular impairment, diabetes, psychosis, dyskinesia, pigmentary abnormalities, deafness, inflammatory and fibrotic syndromes, intestinal bowel syndrome, allergies, Alzheimers disease, arterial plaque formation, oncology, periodontal, viral infection, stroke, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, reperfusion injury, trauma, chemical exposure or oxidative damage to tissues, chronic wound healing, wound healing, hemorroid, skin beautifying, pain, inflammatory pain, bone pain and joint pain, acne, acute alcoholic hepatitis, acute inflammation, acute pancreatitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, adult respiratory disease, airflow obstruction, airway hyperresponsiveness, alcoholic liver disease, allograft rejections, angiogenesis, angiogenic ocular disease, arthritis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis, bronchiolitis obliterans, burn therapy, cardiac and renal reperfusion injury, celiac disease, cerebral and cardiac ischemia, CNS tumors, CNS vasculitis, colds, contusions, cor pulmonae, cough, Crohn&#39;s disease, chronic bronchitis, chronic inflammation, chronic pancreatitis, chronic sinusitis, crystal induced arthritis, cystic fibrosis, delayted type hypersensitivity reaction, duodenal ulcers, dyspnea, early transplantation rejection, emphysema, encephalitis, endotoxic shock, esophagitis, gastric ulcers, gingivitis, glomerulonephritis, glossitis, gout, graft vs. host reaction, gram negative sepsis, granulocytic ehrlichiosis, hepatitis viruses, herpes, herpes viruses, HIV, hypercapnea, hyperinflation, hyperoxia-induced inflammation, hypoxia, hypersensitivity, hypoxemia, inflammatory bowel disease, interstitial pneumonitis, ischemia reperfusion injury, kaposi&#39;s sarcoma associated virus, liver fibrosis, lupus, malaria, meningitis, multi-organ dysfunction, necrotizing enterocolitis, osteoporosis, chronic periodontitis, periodontitis, peritonitis associated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), pre-term labor, polymyositis, post surgical trauma, pruritis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, pulmatory fibrosis, pulmatory hypertension, renal reperfusion injury, respiratory viruses, restinosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, sarcoidosis, septic shock, small airway disease, sprains, strains, subarachnoid hemorrhage, surgical lung volume reduction, thrombosis, toxic shock syndrome, transplant reperfusion injury, traumatic brain injury, ulcerative colitis, vasculitis, ventilation-perfusion mismatching, and wheeze. 
     In particular, the azabicyclic metalloprotease inhibiting compounds of the present invention may be used in the treatment of MMP-13, MMP-8, MMP-3 and MMP-2 mediated osteoarthritis and may be used for other MMP-13, MMP-8, MMP-3 and MMP-2 mediated symptoms, inflammatory, malignant and degenerative diseases characterized by excessive extracellular matrix degradation and/or remodelling, such as cancer, and chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, atherosclerosis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, inflammation, multiple sclerosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pain, such as inflammatory pain, bone pain and joint pain. 
     The present invention also provides azabicyclic metalloprotease inhibiting compounds that are useful as active ingredients in pharmaceutical compositions for treatment or prevention of metalloprotease—especially MMP-13, MMP-8, MMP-3 and MMP-2—mediated diseases. The present invention also contemplates use of such compounds in pharmaceutical compositions for oral or parenteral administration, comprising one or more of the azabicyclic metalloprotease inhibiting compounds disclosed herein. 
     The present invention further provides methods of inhibiting metalloproteases, by administering formulations, including, but not limited to, oral, rectal, topical, intravenous, parenteral (including, but not limited to, intramuscular, intravenous), ocular (ophthalmic), transdermal, inhalative (including, but not limited to, pulmonary, aerosol inhalation), nasal, sublingual, subcutaneous or intraarticular formulations, comprising the azabicyclic metalloprotease inhibiting compounds by standard methods known in medical practice, for the treatment of diseases or symptoms arising from or associated with metalloprotease, especially MMP-13, MMP-8, MMP-3 and MMP-2, including prophylactic and therapeutic treatment. Although the most suitable route in any given case will depend on the nature and severity of the conditions being treated and on the nature of the active ingredient. The compounds from this invention are conveniently presented in unit dosage form and prepared by any of the methods well-known in the art of pharmacy. 
     The azabicyclic metalloprotease inhibiting compounds of the present invention may be used in combination with a disease modifying antirheumatic drug, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a COX-2 selective inhibitor, a COX-1 inhibitor, an immunosuppressive, a steroid, a biological response modifier or other anti-inflammatory agents or therapeutics useful for the treatment of chemokines mediated diseases. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     One aspect of the invention relates to a compound having Formula (I): 
                                
wherein:
 
     R 1  is selected from cycloalkyl fused aryl, heterocycloalkyl fused aryl, cycloalkyl fused heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl fused heteroaryl, cycloalkyl fused arylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl fused arylalkyl, cycloalkyl fused heteroarylalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl fused heteroarylalkyl, 
     wherein R 1  is optionally substituted one or more times, or 
     wherein R 1  is optionally substituted by one R 16  group and optionally substituted by one or more R 9  groups; 
     R 2  is selected from hydrogen and alkyl, wherein alkyl is optionally substituted one or more times or R 1  and R 2  when taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached complete a 3- to 8-membered ring containing carbon atoms and optionally containing a heteroatom selected from O, S(O) x , or NR 50  and which is optionally substituted one or more times; 
     R 4  in each occurrence is independently selected from R 10 , hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, halo, haloalkyl, CF 3 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-COR 10 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-OR 10 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-NR 10 R 11 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-NO 2 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-CN, (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-S(O) y OR 10 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-S(O) y NR 10 R 11 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-NR 10 CONR 11 SO 2 R 30 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-S(O) x R 10 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-OC(O)R 10 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-OC(O)NR 10 R 11 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-C(═NR 10 )NR 10 R 11 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-NR 10 C(═NR 11 )NR 10 R 11 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-C(O)OR 10 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-C(O)NR 10 R 11 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-C(O)NR 10 SO 2 R 11 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-C(O)—NR 11 —CN, O—(C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-C(O)NR 10 R 11 , S(O) x —(C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-C(O)OR 10 , S(O) x —(C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-C(O)NR 10 R 11 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-C(O)NR 10 —(C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-NR 10 R 11 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-NR 10 —C(O)R 10 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-NR 10 —C(O)OR 10 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-NR 10 —C(O)—NR 10 R 11 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-NR 10 —S(O) y NR 10 R 11 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-NR 10 —S(O) y R 10 , O—(C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-aryl and O—(C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-heteroaryl, 
     wherein each R 4  group is optionally substituted one or more times, or 
     wherein each R 4  group is optionally substituted by one or more R 14  groups, or 
     wherein optionally two R 4  groups, when taken together with the nitrogen or carbon to which they are attached complete a 3- to 8-membered saturated ring or multicyclic ring or unsaturated ring containing carbon atoms and optionally containing one or more heteroatom independently selected from O, S(O) x , N, or NR 50  and which is optionally substituted one or more times, or 
     optionally two R 4  groups taken together at one saturated carbon atom form ═O, ═S, ═NR 10 R 11  or ═NOR 10 ; 
     R 5  is independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, C(O)NR 10 R 11 , aryl, arylalkyl, SO 2 NR 10 R 11  and C(O)OR 10  wherein alkyl, aryl and arylalkyl are optionally substituted one or more times; 
     R 8  is independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, R 10  and NR 10 R 11  wherein alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is optionally substituted one or more times; 
     R 9  in each occurrence is independently selected from R 10 , hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, halo, CHF 2 , CF 3 , OR 10 , SR 10 , COOR 10 , CH(CH 3 )CO 2 H, (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-COR 10 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-OR 10 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-NR 10 R 11 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-NO 2 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-CN, (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-S(O) y OR 10 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-P(O) 2 OH, (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-S(O) y NR 10 R 11 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-NR 10 CONR 11 SO 2 R 30 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-S(O) x R 10 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-OC(O)R 10 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-OC(O)NR 10 R 11 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-C(═NR 10 )NR 10 R 11 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-NR 10 C(═NR 11 )NR 10 R 11 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-NR 10 C(═N—CN)NR 10 R 11 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-C(═N—CN)NR 10 R 11 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-NR 10 C(═N—NO 2 )NR 10 R 11 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-C(═N—NO 2 )NR 10 R 11 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-C(O)OR 10 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-C(O)NR 10 R 11 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-C(O)NR 10 SO 2 R 11 , C(O)NR 10 —(C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-heteroaryl, C(O)NR 10 —(C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-aryl, S(O) 2 NR 10 —(C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-aryl, S(O) 2 NR 10 —(C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-heteroaryl, S(O) 2 NR 10 -alkyl, S(O) 2 —(C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-aryl, S(O) 2 —(C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-heteroaryl, (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-C(O)—NR 11 —CN, O—(C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-C(O)NR 10 R 11 , S(O) x —(C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-C(O)OR 10 , S(O) x —(C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-C(O)NR 10 R 11 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-C(O)NR 10 —(C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-NR 10 R 11 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-NR 10 —C(O)R 10 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-NR 10 —C(O)OR 10 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-NR 10 —C(O)—NR 10 R 11 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-NR 10 —S(O) y NR 10 R 11 , (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-NR 10 —S(O) y R 11 , O—(C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-aryl and O—(C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-heteroaryl, 
     wherein each R 9  group is optionally substituted, or 
     wherein each R 9  group is optionally substituted by one or more R 14  groups; 
     R 10  and R 11  in each occurrence are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, bicycloalkyl, heterobicycloalkyl, spiroalkyl, spiroheteroalkyl, fluoroalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl and aminoalkyl, wherein alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, bicycloalkyl, heterobicycloalkyl, spiroalkyl, spiroheteroalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, fluoroalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl and aminoalkyl are optionally substituted one or more times, or R 10  and R 11  when taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached complete a 3- to 8-membered ring containing carbon atoms and optionally containing a heteroatom selected from O, S(O) x , or NR 50  and which is optionally substituted one or more times; 
     R 14  is independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl and halo, wherein alkyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl and heterocyclylalkyl are optionally substituted one or more times. 
     R 16  is selected from cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, bicycloalkyl, heterobicycloalkyl, spiroalkyl, spiroheteroalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl fused aryl, heterocycloalkyl fused aryl, cycloalkyl fused heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl fused heteroaryl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, bicycloalkylalkyl, heterobicycloalkylalkyl, spiroalkylalkyl, spiroheteroalkylalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkyl fused arylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl fused arylalkyl, cycloalkyl fused heteroarylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl fused heteroarylalkyl, (i) and (ii): 
                                
wherein cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, bicycloalkyl, heterobicycloalkyl, spiroalkyl, spiroheteroalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl fused aryl, heterocycloalkyl fused aryl, cycloalkyl fused heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl fused heteroaryl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, bicycloalkylalkyl, heterobicycloalkylalkyl, spiroalkylalkyl, spiroheteroalkylalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkyl fused arylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl fused arylalkyl, cycloalkyl fused heteroarylalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl fused heteroarylalkyl are optionally substituted one or more times;
 
     R 30  is selected from alkyl and (C 0 -C 6 )-alkyl-aryl, wherein alkyl and aryl are optionally substituted; 
     R 50  in each occurrence is independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C(O)R 80 , C(O)NR 80 R 81 , SO 2 R 80  and SO 2 NR 80 R 81 , wherein alkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are optionally substituted one or more times; 
     R 80  and R 81  in each occurrence are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, fluoroalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl and aminoalkyl, wherein alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, fluoroalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl and aminoalkyl are optionally substituted, or R 80  and R 81  when taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached complete a 3- to 8-membered ring containing carbon atoms and optionally a heteroatom selected from O, S(O) x , —NH, and —N(alkyl) and which is optionally substituted one or more times; 
     E is selected from a bond, CR 10 R 11 , O, NR 5 , S, S═O, S(═O) 2 , C(═O), N(R 10 )(C═O), (C═O)N(R 10 ), N(R 10 )S(═O) 2 , S(═O) 2 N(R 10 ), C═N—OR 11 , —C(R 10 R 11 )C(R 10 R 11 )—, —CH 2 —W 1 — and 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     L a  is independently selected from CR 9  and N; 
     L b  is independently selected from C and N with the proviso, that both L b  are not N, and that the bond between L b  and L b  is optionally a double bond only if both L b  are C; 
     Q is a 4- to 8-membered ring selected from cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or a 5- or 6-membered ring selected from aryl and heteroaryl, 
     wherein Q is optionally substituted one or more times, or 
     wherein Q is optionally substituted one or more times with R 4 ; 
     U is selected from C(R 5 R 10 ), NR 5 , O, S, S═O and S(═O) 2 ; 
     W 1  is selected from O, NR 5 , S, S═O, S(═O) 2 , N(R 10 )(C═O), N(R 10 )S(═O) 2  and S(═O) 2 N(R 10 ); 
     X is selected from a bond and (CR 10 R 11 ) w E(CR 10 R 11 ) w ; 
     X 1  is independently selected from O, S, NR 10 , N—CN, NCOR 10 , N—NO 2 , or N—SO 2 R 10 ; 
     g and h are independently selected from 0-2; 
     w is selected from 0-4; 
     x is selected from 0 to 2; 
     y is selected from 1 and 2; 
     the dotted line optionally represents a double bond; and 
     N-oxides, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, formulations, polymorphs, tautomers, racemic mixtures and stereoisomers thereof. 
     In one embodiment, in conjunction with any above or below embodiments, the compound has the structure: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     In another embodiment, in conjunction with any above or below embodiments, the compound is selected from: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In another embodiment, in conjunction with any above or below embodiments, the compound is selected from: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In another embodiment, in conjunction with any above or below embodiments, R 1  is selected from: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein: 
     R 12  and R 13  are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl and halo, wherein alkyl is optionally substituted one or more times, or optionally R 12  and R 13  together form ═O, ═S, ═NR 10  or ═NOR 10 ; 
     R 18  is independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, OH, halo, CN, C(O)NR 10 R 11 , CO 2 R 10 , OR 10 , OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , NR 10 CONR 10 R 11 , NR 10 COR 11 , NR 10 SO 2 R 11 , NR 10 SO 2 NR 10 R 11 , SO 2 NR 10 R 11  and NR 10 R 11 , wherein alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, alkynyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are optionally substituted one or more times; 
     R 19  is independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, OH, halo, CN, C(O)NR 10 R 11 , CO 2 R 10 , OR 10 , OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , NR 10 CONR 10 R 11 , NR 10 COR 11 , NR 10 SO 2 R 11 , NR 10 SO 2 NR 10 R 11 , SO 2 NR 10 R 11  and NR 10 R 11 , wherein alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, alkynyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are optionally substituted one or more times, or optionally two R 19  groups together at one carbon atom form ═O, ═S, ═NR 10  or ═NOR 10 ; 
     R 25  is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, C(O)NR 10 R 11  and haloalkyl, wherein alkyl, cycloalkyl, and haloalkyl are optionally substituted one or more times; 
     J and K are independently selected from CR 10 R 18 , NR 10 , O and S(O) x ; 
     D 2 , L 2 , M 2  and T 2  are independently selected from CR 18  and N; and 
     Z is a 5- to 8-membered ring selected from cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl wherein cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl are optionally substituted one or more times. 
     In another embodiment, in conjunction with any above or below embodiments, L b  is C. 
     In another embodiment, in conjunction with any above or below embodiments, L a  is N. 
     In another embodiment, in conjunction with any above or below embodiments, R 1  is selected from: 
                                                                                    
any of which are substituted by one or two substituents independently selected from C 1-2 alkyl, C 1-2 haloalkyl, halo, CN, OMe, OCF 3 , OCHF 2 .
 
     In another embodiment, in conjunction with any above or below embodiments, R 1  is selected from: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In another embodiment, in conjunction with any above or below embodiments, R 1  is selected from: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein: 
     R 18  is independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, OH, halo, CN, C(O)NR 10 R 11 , CO 2 R 10 , OR 10 , OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , NR 10 CONR 10 R 11 , NR 10 COR 11 , NR 10 SO 2 R 11 , NR 10 SO 2 NR 10 R 11 , SO 2 NR 10 R 11  and NR 10 R 11 , wherein alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, alkynyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are optionally substituted one or more times; 
     R 19  is independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, OH, halo, CN, C(O)NR 10 R 11 , CO 2 R 10 , OR 10 , OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , NR 10 CONR 10 R 11 , NR 10 COR 11 , NR 10 SO 2 R 11 , NR 10 SO 2 NR 10 R 11 , SO 2 NR 10 R 11  and NR 10 R 11 , wherein alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, alkynyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are optionally substituted one or more times, or optionally two R 19  groups together at one carbon atom form ═O, ═S, ═NR 10  or ═NOR 10 ; 
     R 25  is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, CONR 10 R 11  and haloalkyl, wherein alkyl, cycloalkyl and haloalkyl are optionally substituted one or more times; 
     L 2 , M 2 , and T 2  are independently selected from CR 18  and N; 
     D 3 , G 3 , L 3 , M 3 , and T 3  are independently selected from N, CR 18 , (i), or (ii), 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     with the proviso that one of L 3 , M 3 , T 3 , D 3 , and G 3  is (i) or (ii) 
     B 1  is selected from the group consisting of NR 10 , O and S(O) x ; and 
     Q 2  is a 5- to 8-membered ring selected from cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl, which is optionally substituted one or more times with R 19 . 
     In another embodiment, in conjunction with any above or below embodiments, R 1  is selected from: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In another embodiment, in conjunction with any above or below embodiments, R 1  is selected from: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     In another embodiment, in conjunction with any above or below embodiments, the compound is selected from: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 1  is selected from: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     In another embodiment, in conjunction with any above or below embodiments, the compound is selected from 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
     and N-oxides, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, formulations, polymorphs, tautomers, racemic mixtures and stereoisomers thereof. 
     In another embodiment, in conjunction with any above or below embodiments, R 1  is selected from: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Another aspect of the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of the compound according to any of the above or below embodiments. 
     Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of treating a metalloprotease mediated disease, comprising administering to a subject in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound according to any of the above or below embodiments. 
     In another embodiment, in conjunction with any above or below embodiments, the disease is selected from rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, inflammation, atherosclerosis and multiple sclerosis. 
     Another aspect of the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising: 
     A) an effective amount of a compound according to any of the above or below embodiments; 
     B) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; and 
     C) a drug, agent or therapeutic selected from: (a) a disease modifying antirheumatic drug; (b) a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; (c) a COX-2 selective inhibitor; (d) a COX-1 inhibitor; (e) an immunosuppressive; (f) a steroid; (g) a biological response modifier; and (h) a small molecule inhibitor of pro-inflammatory cytokine production. 
     Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of inhibiting a metalloprotease enzyme, comprising administering a compound according to any of the above or below embodiments. 
     In another embodiment, in conjunction with any above or below embodiments, the metalloproteinase is selected from MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, and MMP-13. 
     In another embodiment, in conjunction with any above or below embodiments, the disease is selected from the group consisting of: rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, cancer (e.g. but not limited to melanoma, gastric carcinoma or non-small cell lung carcinoma), inflammation, atherosclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ocular diseases (e.g. but not limited to ocular inflammation, retinopathy of prematurity, macular degeneration with the wet type preferred and corneal neovascularization), neurologic diseases, psychiatric diseases, thrombosis, bacterial infection, Parkinson&#39;s disease, fatigue, tremor, diabetic retinopathy, vascular diseases of the retina, aging, dementia, cardiomyopathy, renal tubular impairment, diabetes, psychosis, dyskinesia, pigmentary abnormalities, deafness, inflammatory and fibrotic syndromes, intestinal bowel syndrome, allergies, Alzheimers disease, arterial plaque formation, oncology, periodontal, viral infection, stroke, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, reperfusion injury, trauma, chemical exposure or oxidative damage to tissues, wound healing, hemorroid, skin beautifying, pain, inflammatory pain, bone pain and joint pain, acne, acute alcoholic hepatitis, acute inflammation, acute pancreatitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, adult respiratory disease, airflow obstruction, airway hyperresponsiveness, alcoholic liver disease, allograft rejections, angiogenesis, angiogenic ocular disease, arthritis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis, bronchiolitis obliterans, burn therapy, cardiac and renal reperfusion injury, celiac disease, cerebral and cardiac ischemia, CNS tumors, CNS vasculitis, colds, contusions, cor pulmonae, cough, Crohn&#39;s disease, chronic bronchitis, chronic inflammation, chronic pancreatitis, chronic sinusitis, crystal induced arthritis, cystic fibrosis, delayted type hypersensitivity reaction, duodenal ulcers, dyspnea, early transplantation rejection, emphysema, encephalitis, endotoxic shock, esophagitis, gastric ulcers, gingivitis, glomerulonephritis, glossitis, gout, graft vs. host reaction, gram negative sepsis, granulocytic ehrlichiosis, hepatitis viruses, herpes, herpes viruses, HIV, hypercapnea, hyperinflation, hyperoxia-induced inflammation, hypoxia, hypersensitivity, hypoxemia, inflammatory bowel disease, interstitial pneumonitis, ischemia reperfusion injury, kaposi&#39;s sarcoma associated virus, lupus, malaria, meningitis, multi-organ dysfunction, necrotizing enterocolitis, osteoporosis, chronic periodontitis, periodontitis, peritonitis associated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), pre-term labor, polymyositis, post surgical trauma, pruritis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, pulmatory fibrosis, pulmatory hypertension, renal reperfusion injury, respiratory viruses, restinosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, sarcoidosis, septic shock, small airway disease, sprains, strains, subarachnoid hemorrhage, surgical lung volume reduction, thrombosis, toxic shock syndrome, transplant reperfusion injury, traumatic brain injury, ulcerative colitis, vasculitis, ventilation-perfusion mismatching, and wheeze. 
     Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of a compound according to any of the above or below embodiments for the manufacture of a medicament for treating an metalloprotease mediated disease. 
     In another embodiment, in conjunction with any of the above or below embodiments, the metalloprotease mediated disease is selected from the group consisting of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8 and MMP-13 mediated diseases. 
     The specification and claims contain listing of species using the language “selected from . . . and . . . ” and “is . . . or . . . ” (sometimes referred to as Markush groups). When this language is used in this application, unless otherwise stated it is meant to include the group as a whole, or any single members thereof, or any subgroups thereof. The use of this language is merely for shorthand purposes and is not meant in any way to limit the removal of individual elements or subgroups as needed. 
     The terms “alkyl” or “alk”, as used herein alone or as part of another group, denote optionally substituted, straight and branched chain saturated hydrocarbon groups, preferably having 1 to 10 carbons in the normal chain, most preferably lower alkyl groups. Exemplary unsubstituted such groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, hexyl, isohexyl, heptyl, 4,4-dimethylpentyl, octyl, 2,2,4-trimethylpentyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl and the like. Exemplary substituents may include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following groups: halo, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl (e.g., to form a benzyl group), cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, hydroxy or protected hydroxy, carboxyl (—COOH), alkyloxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, alkylcarbonyl, carbamoyl (NH 2 —CO—), substituted carbamoyl ((R 10 )(R 11 )N—CO— wherein R 10  or R 11  are as defined below, except that at least one of R 10  or R 11  is not hydrogen), amino, heterocyclo, mono- or dialkylamino, or thiol (—SH). 
     The terms “lower alk” or “lower alkyl” as used herein, denote such optionally substituted groups as described above for alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the normal chain. 
     The term “alkoxy” denotes an alkyl group as described above bonded through an oxygen linkage (—O—). 
     The term “alkenyl”, as used herein alone or as part of another group, denotes optionally substituted, straight and branched chain hydrocarbon groups containing at least one carbon to carbon double bond in the chain, and preferably having 2 to 10 carbons in the normal chain. Exemplary unsubstituted such groups include ethenyl, propenyl, isobutenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl, heptenyl, octenyl, nonenyl, decenyl, and the like. Exemplary substituents may include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following groups: halo, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, hydroxy or protected hydroxy, carboxyl (—COOH), alkyloxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, alkylcarbonyl, carbamoyl (NH 2 —CO—), substituted carbamoyl ((R 10 )(R 11 )N—CO— wherein R 10  or R 11  are as defined below, except that at least one of R 10  or R 11  is not hydrogen), amino, heterocyclo, mono- or dialkylamino, or thiol (—SH). 
     The term “alkynyl”, as used herein alone or as part of another group, denotes optionally substituted, straight and branched chain hydrocarbon groups containing at least one carbon to carbon triple bond in the chain, and preferably having 2 to 10 carbons in the normal chain. Exemplary unsubstituted such groups include, but are not limited to, ethynyl, propynyl, butyryl, pentynyl, hexynyl, heptynyl, octynyl, nonynyl, decynyl, and the like. Exemplary substituents may include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following groups: halo, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, hydroxy or protected hydroxy, carboxyl (—COOH), alkyloxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, alkylcarbonyl, carbamoyl (NH 2 —CO—), substituted carbamoyl) ((R 10 )(R 11 )N—CO— wherein R 10  or R 11  are as defined below, except that at least one of R 10  or R 11  is not hydrogen), amino, heterocyclo, mono- or dialkylamino, or thiol (—SH). 
     The term “cycloalkyl”, as used herein alone or as part of another group, denotes optionally substituted, saturated cyclic hydrocarbon ring systems, containing one ring with 3 to 9 carbons. Exemplary unsubstituted such groups include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclodecyl, and cyclododecyl. Exemplary substituents include, but are not limited to, one or more alkyl groups as described above, or one or more groups described above as alkyl substituents. 
     The term “bicycloalkyl”, as used herein alone or as part of another group, denotes optionally substituted, saturated cyclic bridged hydrocarbon ring systems, desirably containing 2 or 3 rings and 3 to 9 carbons per ring. Exemplary unsubstituted such groups include, but are not limited to, adamantyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane and cubane. Exemplary substituents include, but are not limited to, one or more alkyl groups as described above, or one or more groups described above as alkyl substituents. 
     The term “spiroalkyl”, as used herein alone or as part of another group, denotes optionally substituted, saturated hydrocarbon ring systems, wherein two rings of 3 to 9 carbons per ring are bridged via one carbon atom. Exemplary unsubstituted such groups include, but are not limited to, spiro[3.5]nonane, spiro[4.5]decane or spiro[2.5]octane. Exemplary substituents include, but are not limited to, one or more alkyl groups as described above, or one or more groups described above as alkyl substituents. 
     The term “spiroheteroalkyl”, as used herein alone or as part of another group, denotes optionally substituted, saturated hydrocarbon ring systems, wherein two rings of 3 to 9 carbons per ring are bridged via one carbon atom and at least one carbon atom is replaced by a heteroatom independently selected from N, O and S. The nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms may optionally be oxidized. Exemplary unsubstituted such groups include, but are not limited to, 1,3-diaza-spiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione. Exemplary substituents include, but are not limited to, one or more alkyl groups as described above, or one or more groups described above as alkyl substituents. 
     The terms “ar” or “aryl”, as used herein alone or as part of another group, denote optionally substituted, homocyclic aromatic groups, preferably containing 1 or 2 rings and 6 to 12 ring carbons. Exemplary unsubstituted such groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl, biphenyl, and naphthyl. Exemplary substituents include, but are not limited to, one or more nitro groups, alkyl groups as described above or groups described above as alkyl substituents. 
     The term “heterocycle” or “heterocyclic system” denotes a heterocyclyl, heterocyclenyl, or heteroaryl group as described herein, which contains carbon atoms and from 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S and including any bicyclic or tricyclic group in which any of the above-defined heterocyclic rings is fused to one or more heterocycle, aryl or cycloalkyl groups. The nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms may optionally be oxidized. The heterocyclic ring may be attached to its pendant group at any heteroatom or carbon atom which results in a stable structure. The heterocyclic rings described herein may be substituted on carbon or on a nitrogen atom. 
     Examples of heterocycles include, but are not limited to, 1H-indazole, 2-pyrrolidonyl, 2H,6H-1,5,2-dithiazinyl, 2H-pyrrolyl, 3H-indolyl, 4-piperidonyl, 4aH-carbazole, 4H-quinolizinyl, 6H-1,2,5-thiadiazinyl, acridinyl, azocinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzoxazolinyl, benzoxazolyl, benzthiazolyl, benztriazolyl, benztetrazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzimidazalonyl, carbazolyl, 4aH-carbazolyl, b-carbolinyl, chromanyl, chromenyl, cinnolinyl, decahydroquinolinyl, 2H,6H-1,5,2-dithiazinyl, dihydrofuro[2,3-b]tetrahydrofuran, furanyl, furazanyl, imidazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolyl, 1H-indazolyl, indolenyl, indolinyl, indolizinyl, indolyl, isatinoyl, isobenzofuranyl, isochromanyl, isoindazolyl, isoindolinyl, isoindolyl, isoquinolinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, morpholinyl, naphthyridinyl, octahydroisoquinolinyl, oxadiazolyl, 1,2,3-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, oxazolidinyl, oxazolyl, oxazolidinylperimidinyl, oxindolyl, phenanthridinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phenarsazinyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxathiinyl, phenoxazinyl, phthalazinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, pteridinyl, piperidonyl, 4-piperidonyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, pyranyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolidinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridooxazole, pyridoimidazole, pyridothiazole, pyridinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolinyl, pyrrolyl, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl, 4H-quinolizinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinuclidinyl, carbolinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrazolyl, 6H-1,2,5-thiadiazinyl, 1,2,3-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,5-thiadiazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, thianthrenyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, thienothiazolyl, thienooxazolyl, thienoimidazolyl, thiophenyl, triazinyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,2,4-triazolyl, 1,2,5-triazolyl, 1,3,4-triazolyl, xanthenyl. 
     Further examples of heterocycles include, but not are not limited to, “heterobicycloalkyl” groups such as 7-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, 7-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, and 1-aza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane. 
     “Heterocyclenyl” denotes a non-aromatic monocyclic or multicyclic hydrocarbon ring system of about 3 to about 10 atoms, desirably about 4 to about 8 atoms, in which one or more of the carbon atoms in the ring system is/are hetero element(s) other than carbon, for example nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atoms, and which contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond or carbon-nitrogen double bond. Ring sizes of rings of the ring system may include 5 to 6 ring atoms. The designation of the aza, oxa or thia as a prefix before heterocyclenyl define that at least a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom is present respectively as a ring atom. The heterocyclenyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents as defined herein. The nitrogen or sulphur atom of the heterocyclenyl may also be optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide, S-oxide or S,S-dioxide. “Heterocyclenyl” as used herein includes by way of example and not limitation those described in Paquette, Leo A.; “Principles of Modern Heterocyclic Chemistry” (W. A. Benjamin, New York, 1968), particularly Chapters 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 9; “The Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, A series of Monographs” (John Wiley &amp; Sons, New York, 1950 to present), in particular Volumes 13, 14, 16, 19, and 28; and “J. Am. Chem. Soc.”, 82:5566 (1960), the contents all of which are incorporated by reference herein. Exemplary monocyclic azaheterocyclenyl groups include, but are not limited to, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrohydropyridine, 1,2-dihydropyridyl, 1,4-dihydropyridyl, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine, 2-pyrrolinyl, 3-pyrrolinyl, 2-imidazolinyl, 2-pyrazolinyl, and the like. Exemplary oxaheterocyclenyl groups include, but are not limited to, 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran, dihydrofuranyl, and fluorodihydrofuranyl. An exemplary multicyclic oxaheterocyclenyl group is 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptenyl. 
     “Heterocyclyl,” or “heterocycloalkyl,” denotes a non-aromatic saturated monocyclic or multicyclic ring system of about 3 to about 10 carbon atoms, desirably 4 to 8 carbon atoms, in which one or more of the carbon atoms in the ring system is/are hetero element(s) other than carbon, for example nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur. Ring sizes of rings of the ring system may include 5 to 6 ring atoms. The designation of the aza, oxa or thia as a prefix before heterocyclyl define that at least a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom is present respectively as a ring atom. The heterocyclyl may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, and are as defined herein. The nitrogen or sulphur atom of the heterocyclyl may also be optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide, S-oxide or S,S-dioxide. 
     “Heterocyclyl” as used herein includes by way of example and not limitation those described in Paquette, Leo A.; “Principles of Modern Heterocyclic Chemistry” (W. A. Benjamin, New York, 1968), particularly Chapters 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 9; “The Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, A series of Monographs” (John Wiley &amp; Sons, New York, 1950 to present), in particular Volumes 13, 14, 16, 19, and 28; and “J. Am. Chem. Soc.”, 82:5566 (1960). Exemplary monocyclic heterocyclyl rings include, but are not limited to, piperidyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, thiazolidinyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl, 1,4-dioxanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, and the like. 
     “Heteroaryl” denotes an aromatic monocyclic or multicyclic ring system of about 5 to about 10 atoms, in which one or more of the atoms in the ring system is/are hetero element(s) other than carbon, for example nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur. Ring sizes of rings of the ring system include 5 to 6 ring atoms. The “heteroaryl” may also be substituted by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, and are as defined herein. The designation of the aza, oxa or thia as a prefix before heteroaryl define that at least a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom is present respectively as a ring atom. A nitrogen atom of a heteroaryl may be optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide. Heteroaryl as used herein includes by way of example and not limitation those described in Paquette, Leo A.; “Principles of Modern Heterocyclic Chemistry” (W. A. Benjamin, New York, 1968), particularly Chapters 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 9; “The Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, A series of Monographs” (John Wiley &amp; Sons, New York, 1950 to present), in particular Volumes 13, 14, 16, 19, and 28; and “J. Am. Chem. Soc.”, 82:5566 (1960). Exemplary heteroaryl and substituted heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, pyrazinyl, thienyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, pyrazolyl, furazanyl, pyrrolyl, 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, pyridazinyl, quinoxalinyl, phthalazinyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine, imidazo[2,1-b]thiazolyl, benzofurazanyl, azaindolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothienyl, thienopyridyl, thienopyrimidyl, pyrrolopyridyl, imidazopyridyl, benzoazaindole, 1,2,3-triazinyl, 1,2,4-triazinyl, 1,3,5-triazinyl, benzthiazolyl, dioxolyl, furanyl, indolyl, indolizinyl, isoxazolyl, isoquinolinyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazinyl, oxiranyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, pyranyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrrolidinyl, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl, tetrazinyl, tetrazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,3-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,5-thiadiazolyl, thiatriazolyl, thiazinyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, 5-thioxo-1,2,4-diazolyl, thiomorpholino, thiophenyl, thiopyranyl, triazolyl and triazolonyl. 
     The phrase “fused” means, that the group, mentioned before “fused” is connected via two adjacent atoms to the ring system mentioned after “fused” to form a bicyclic system. For example, “heterocycloalkyl fused aryl” includes, but is not limited to, 2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxine, 4H-benzo[1,4]oxazin-3-one, 3H-Benzooxazol-2-one and 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[f][1,4]oxazepin-5-one. 
     The term “amino” denotes the radical —NH 2  wherein one or both of the hydrogen atoms may be replaced by an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group. Exemplary amino groups include, but are not limited to, n-butylamino, tert-butylamino, methylpropylamino and ethyldimethylamino. 
     The term “cycloalkylalkyl” denotes a cycloalkyl-alkyl group wherein a cycloalkyl as described above is bonded through an alkyl, as defined above. Cycloalkylalkyl groups may contain a lower alkyl moiety. Exemplary cycloalkylalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopentylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, cyclopropylethyl, cyclopentylethyl, cyclohexylpropyl, cyclopropylpropyl, cyclopentylpropyl, and cyclohexylpropyl. 
     The term “arylalkyl” denotes an aryl group as described above bonded through an alkyl, as defined above. 
     The term “heteroarylalkyl” denotes a heteroaryl group as described above bonded through an alkyl, as defined above. 
     The term “heterocyclylalkyl,” or “heterocycloalkylalkyl,” denotes a heterocyclyl group as described above bonded through an alkyl, as defined above. 
     The terms “halogen”, “halo”, or “hal”, as used herein alone or as part of another group, denote chlorine, bromine, fluorine, and iodine. 
     The term “haloalkyl” denotes a halo group as described above bonded though an alkyl, as defined above. Fluoroalkyl is an exemplary group. 
     The term “aminoalkyl” denotes an amino group as defined above bonded through an alkyl, as defined above. 
     The phrase “bicyclic fused ring system wherein at least one ring is partially saturated” denotes an 8- to 13-membered fused bicyclic ring group in which at least one of the rings is non-aromatic. The ring group has carbon atoms and optionally 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S. Illustrative examples include, but are not limited to, indanyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, tetrahydroquinolyl and benzocycloheptyl. 
     The phrase “tricyclic fused ring system wherein at least one ring is partially saturated” denotes a 9- to 18-membered fused tricyclic ring group in which at least one of the rings is non-aromatic. The ring group has carbon atoms and optionally 1-7 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S. Illustrative examples include, but are not limited to, fluorene, 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene and 2,2a,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclobuta[a]indene. 
     The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” refers to derivatives of the disclosed compounds wherein the parent compound is modified by making acid or base salts thereof. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basic residues such as amines; alkali or organic salts of acidic residues such as carboxylic acids; and the like. Examples therefore may be, but are not limited to, sodium, potassium, choline, lysine, arginine or N-methyl-glucamine salts, and the like. 
     The pharmaceutically acceptable salts include the conventional non-toxic salts or the quaternary ammonium salts of the parent compound formed, for example, from non-toxic inorganic or organic acids. For example, such conventional non-toxic salts include those derived from inorganic acids such as, but not limited to, hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, sulfamic, phosphoric, nitric and the like; and the salts prepared from organic acids such as, but not limited to, acetic, propionic, succinic, glycolic, stearic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric, ascorbic, pamoic, maleic, hydroxymaleic, phenylacetic, glutamic, benzoic, salicylic, sulfanilic, 2-acetoxybenzoic, fumaric, toluenesulfonic, methanesulfonic, ethane disulfonic, oxalic, isethionic, and the like. 
     The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present invention can be synthesized from the parent compound which contains a basic or acidic moiety by conventional chemical methods. Generally, such salts can be prepared by reacting the free acid or base forms of these compounds with a stoichiometric amount of the appropriate base or acid in water or in an organic solvent, or in a mixture of the two. Organic solvents include, but are not limited to, nonaqueous media like ethers, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrile. Lists of suitable salts are found in  Remington&#39;s Pharmaceutical Sciences,  18th ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa., 1990, p. 1445, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
     The phrase “pharmaceutically acceptable” denotes those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio. 
     The phrase “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” denotes media generally accepted in the art for the delivery of biologically active agents to mammals, e.g., humans. Such carriers are generally formulated according to a number of factors well within the purview of those of ordinary skill in the art to determine and account for. These include, without limitation: the type and nature of the active agent being formulated; the subject to which the agent-containing composition is to be administered; the intended route of administration of the composition; and, the therapeutic indication being targeted. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include both aqueous and non-aqueous liquid media, as well as a variety of solid and semi-solid dosage forms. Such carriers can include a number of different ingredients and additives in addition to the active agent, such additional ingredients being included in the formulation for a variety of reasons, e.g., stabilization of the active agent, well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Non-limiting examples of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier are hyaluronic acid and salts thereof, and microspheres (including, but not limited to poly(D,L)-lactide-co-glycolic acid copolymer (PLGA), poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA), poly(caprolactone (PCL) and bovine serum albumin (BSA)). Descriptions of suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, and factors involved in their selection, are found in a variety of readily available sources, e.g., Remington&#39;s Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17th ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa., 1985, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers particularly suitable for use in conjunction with tablets include, for example, inert diluents, such as celluloses, calcium or sodium carbonate, lactose, calcium or sodium phosphate; disintegrating agents, such as croscarmellose sodium, cross-linked povidone, maize starch, or alginic acid; binding agents, such as povidone, starch, gelatin or acacia; and lubricating agents, such as magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc. Tablets may be uncoated or may be coated by known techniques including microencapsulation to delay disintegration and adsorption in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained action over a longer period. For example, a time delay material such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate alone or with a wax may be employed. 
     Formulations for oral use may be also presented as hard gelatin capsules where the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, for example celluloses, lactose, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or as soft gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with non-aqueous or oil medium, such as glycerin, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, peanut oil, liquid paraffin or olive oil. 
     The compositions of the invention may also be formulated as suspensions including a compound of the present invention in admixture with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient suitable for the manufacture of a suspension. In yet another embodiment, pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may be formulated as dispersible powders and granules suitable for preparation of a suspension by the addition of suitable excipients. 
     Carriers suitable for use in connection with suspensions include suspending agents, such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcelluose, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gum tragacanth, gum acacia, dispersing or wetting agents such as a naturally occurring phosphatide (e.g., lecithin), a condensation product of an alkylene oxide with a fatty acid (e.g., polyoxyethylene stearate), a condensation product of ethylene oxide with a long chain aliphatic alcohol (e.g., heptadecaethyleneoxycethanol), a condensation product of ethylene oxide with a partial ester derived from a fatty acid and a hexitol anhydride (e.g., polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate); and thickening agents, such as carbomer, beeswax, hard paraffin or cetyl alcohol. The suspensions may also contain one or more preservatives such as acetic acid, methyl and/or n-propyl p-hydroxy-benzoate; one or more coloring agents; one or more flavoring agents; and one or more sweetening agents such as sucrose or saccharin. 
     Cyclodextrins may be added as aqueous solubility enhancers. Preferred cyclodextrins include hydroxypropyl, hydroxyethyl, glucosyl, maltosyl and maltotriosyl derivatives of α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrin. The amount of solubility enhancer employed will depend on the amount of the compound of the present invention in the composition. 
     The term “formulation” denotes a product comprising the active ingredient(s) and the inert ingredient(s) that make up the carrier, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination, complexation or aggregation of any two or more of the ingredients, or from dissociation of one or more of the ingredients, or from other types of reactions or interactions of one or more of the ingredients. Accordingly, the pharmaceutical formulations of the present invention encompass any composition made by admixing a compound of the present invention and a pharmaceutical carrier. 
     The term “N-oxide” denotes compounds that can be obtained in a known manner by reacting a compound of the present invention including a nitrogen atom (such as in a pyridyl group) with hydrogen peroxide or a peracid, such as 3-chloroperoxy-benzoic acid, in an inert solvent, such as dichloromethane, at a temperature between about −10-80° C., desirably about 0° C. 
     The term “polymorph” denotes a form of a chemical compound in a particular crystalline arrangement. Certain polymorphs may exhibit enhanced thermodynamic stability and may be more suitable than other polymorphic forms for inclusion in pharmaceutical formulations. 
     The compounds of the invention can contain one or more chiral centers and/or double bonds and, therefore, exist as stereoisomers, such as double-bond isomers (i.e., geometric isomers), enantiomers, or diastereomers. According to the invention, the chemical structures depicted herein, and therefore the compounds of the invention, encompass all of the corresponding enantiomers and stereoisomers, that is, both the stereomerically pure form (e.g., geometrically pure, enantiomerically pure, or diastereomerically pure) and enantiomeric and stereoisomeric mixtures. 
     The term “racemic mixture” denotes a mixture that is about 50% of one enantiomer and about 50% of the corresponding enantiomer relative to all chiral centers in the molecule. Thus, the invention encompasses all enantiomerically-pure, enantiomerically-enriched, and racemic mixtures of compounds of Formulas (I) and (II). 
     Enantiomeric and stereoisomeric mixtures of compounds of the invention can be resolved into their component enantiomers or stereoisomers by well-known methods. Examples include, but are not limited to, the formation of chiral salts and the use of chiral or high performance liquid chromatography “HPLC” and the formation and crystallization of chiral salts. See, e.g., Jacques, J., et al., Enantiomers, Racemates and Resolutions (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1981); Wilen, S. H., et al., Tetrahedron 33:2725 (1977); Eliel, E. L., Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds (McGraw-Hill, N.Y., 1962); Wilen, S. H., Tables of Resolving Agents and Optical Resolutions p. 268 (E. L. Eliel, Ed., Univ. of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Ind., 1972); Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, Ernest L. Eliel, Samuel H. Wilen and Lewis N. Manda (1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.), and Stereoselective Synthesis A Practical Approach, Mihaly Nogradi (1995 VCH Publishers, Inc., NY, N.Y.). Enantiomers and stereoisomers can also be obtained from stereomerically- or enantiomerically-pure intermediates, reagents, and catalysts by well-known asymmetric synthetic methods. 
     “Substituted” is intended to indicate that one or more hydrogens on the atom indicated in the expression using “substituted” is replaced with a selection from the indicated group(s), provided that the indicated atom&#39;s normal valency is not exceeded, and that the substitution results in a stable compound. When a substituent is keto (i.e., ═O) group, then 2 hydrogens on the atom are replaced. 
     Unless moieties of a compound of the present invention are defined as being unsubstituted, the moieties of the compound may be substituted. In addition to any substituents provided above, the moieties of the compounds of the present invention may be optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from: 
     C 1 -C 4  alkyl; 
     C 2 -C 4  alkenyl; 
     C 2 -C 4  alkynyl; 
     CF 3 ; 
     halo; 
     OH; 
     O—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     OCH 2 F; 
     OCHF 2 ; 
     OCF 3 ; 
     ONO 2 ; 
     OC(O)—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     OC(O)—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     OC(O)NH—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     OC(O)N(C 1 -C 4  alkyl) 2 ; 
     OC(S)NH—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     OC(S)N(C 1 -C 4  alkyl) 2 ; 
     SH; 
     S—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     S(O)—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     S(O) 2 —(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     SC(O)—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     SC(O)O—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     NH 2 ; 
     N(H)—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     N(C 1 -C 4  alkyl) 2 ; 
     N(H)C(O)—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     N(CH 3 )C(O)—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     N(H)C(O)—CF 3 ; 
     N(CH 3 )C(O)—CF 3 ; 
     N(H)C(S)—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     N(CH 3 )C(S)—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     N(H)S(O) 2 —(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     N(H)C(O)NH 2 ; 
     N(H)C(O)NH—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     N(CH 3 )C(O)NH—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     N(H)C(O)N(C 1 -C 4  alkyl) 2 ; 
     N(CH 3 )C(O)N(C 1 -C 4  alkyl) 2 ; 
     N(H)S(O) 2 NH 2 ); 
     N(H)S(O) 2 NH—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     N(CH 3 )S(O) 2 NH—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     N(H)S(O) 2 N(C 1 -C 4  alkyl) 2 ; 
     N(CH 3 )S(O) 2 N(C 1 -C 4  alkyl) 2 ; 
     N(H)C(O)O—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     N(CH 3 )C(O)O—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     N(H)S(O) 2 O—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     N(CH 3 )S(O) 2 O—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     N(CH 3 )C(S)NH—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     N(CH 3 )C(S)N(C 1 -C 4  alkyl) 2 ; 
     N(CH 3 )C(S)O—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     N(H)C(S)NH 2 ; 
     NO 2 ; 
     CO 2 H; 
     CO 2 —(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     C(O)N(H)OH; 
     C(O)N(CH 3 )OH; 
     C(O)N(CH 3 )OH; 
     C(O)N(CH 3 )O—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     C(O)N(H)—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     C(O)N(C 1 -C 4  alkyl) 2 ; 
     C(S)N(H)—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     C(S)N(C 1 -C 4 alkyl) 2 ; 
     C(NH)N(H)—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     C(NH)N(C 1 -C 4  alkyl) 2 ; 
     C(NCH 3 )N(H)—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     C(NCH 3 )N(C 1 -C 4  alkyl) 2 ; 
     C(O)—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     C(NH)—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     C(NCH 3 )—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     C(NOH)—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     C(NOCH 3 )—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     CN; 
     CHO; 
     CH 2 OH; 
     CH 2 O—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     CH 2 NH 2 ; 
     CH 2 N(H)—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl); 
     CH 2 N(C 1 -C 4 alkyl) 2 ; 
     aryl; 
     heteroaryl; 
     cycloalkyl; and 
     heterocyclyl. 
     In some cases, a ring substituent may be shown as being connected to the ring by a bond extending from the center of the ring. The number of such substituents present on a ring is indicated in subscript by a number. Moreover, the substituent may be present on any available ring atom, the available ring atom being any ring atom which bears a hydrogen which the ring substituent may replace. For illustrative purposes, if variable R X  were defined as being: 
                                
this would indicate a cyclohexyl ring bearing five R X  substituents. The R X  substituents may be bonded to any available ring atom. For example, among the configurations encompassed by this are configurations such as:
 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     These configurations are illustrative and are not meant to limit the scope of the invention in any way. 
     Biological Activity 
     The inhibiting activity towards different metalloproteases of the heterocyclic metalloprotease inhibiting compounds of the present invention may be measured using any suitable assay known in the art. A standard in vitro assay for measuring the metalloprotease inhibiting activity is described in Examples 1700 to 1706. The heterocyclic metalloprotease inhibiting compounds show activity towards MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-12, MMP-13, ADAMTS-4 and/or ADAMTS-5. 
     The heterocyclic metalloprotease inhibiting compounds of the invention have an MMP-13 inhibition activity (IC 50  MMP-13) ranging from below 0.2 nM to about 20 μM, and typically, from about 0.2 nM to about 1 μM. Heterocyclic metalloprotease inhibiting compounds of the invention desirably have an MMP inhibition activity ranging from about 0.2 nM to about 20 nM. Table 1 lists typical examples of heterocyclic metalloprotease inhibiting compounds of the invention that have an MMP-13 activity lower than 100 nM (Group A) and from 100 nM to 20 μM (Group B). 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Summary of MMP-13 Activity for Compounds 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Group 
                 Ex. # 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 A 
                 1, 2/1, 2/3, 2/4, 2/5, 2/7, 2/9, 2/10, 2/11, 2/20, 2/21, 2/22, 
               
               
                   
                 2/23, 2/28, 2/39, 2/46, 2/51, 2/55, 2/57, 2/62, 2/69, 2/70, 
               
               
                   
                 2/74, 2/86, 2/93, 2/98, 2/101, 2/110, 2/111, 2/115, 2/138, 
               
               
                   
                 2/149, 2/157, 2/160, 2/179, 2/180, 2/185, 2/186, 2/193, 2/194, 
               
               
                   
                 2/198, 2/201, 2/221, 2/265, 2/271, 2/275, 2/281, 2/373, 2/379, 
               
               
                   
                 3, 4/3, 4/12, 4/13, 5, 8, 8/1, 9, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20a, 
               
               
                   
                 20c, 21, 23b, 24, 29/1, 35, 36, 36/2, 36/8, 36/12, 39/1, 39/22, 
               
               
                   
                 39/23, 39/24 
               
               
                 B 
                 2/6, 2/27, 2/43, 2/50, 2/65, 2/134, 2/136, 2/164, 2/205, 4/1, 
               
               
                   
                 4/2, 13/1, 20b, 25, 31/1, 38, 39/3, 39/6, 39/12, 39/13, 39/21 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Some heterocyclic metalloprotease inhibiting compounds of the invention have an MMP-8 inhibition activity (IC 50  MMP-8) ranging from below 5 nM to about 20 μM, and typically, from about 10 nM to about 2 μM. Heterocyclic metalloprotease inhibiting compounds of the invention desirably have an MMP inhibition activity ranging below 100 nM. Table 2 lists typical examples of heterocyclic metalloprotease inhibiting compounds of the invention that have an MMP-8 activity lower than 250 nM (Group A) and from 250 nM to 20 μM (Group B). 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Summary of MMP-8 Activity for Compounds 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Group 
                 Ex. # 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 A 
                 2/1, 2/9, 2/10, 2/11, 2/21, 2/23, 2/26, 2/39, 2/43, 2/46, 2/55, 
               
               
                   
                 2/69, 2/70, 2/74, 2/93, 2/149, 2/156, 2/157, 2/160, 2/183, 2/194, 
               
               
                   
                 2/199, 2/221, 2/275, 2/373, 4/3, 4/8, 4/13, 5, 8, 9, 14, 16, 17, 
               
               
                   
                 19, 20c, 21, 29/1, 35, 36/2, 36/6, 36/12, 36/13, 39/22 
               
               
                 B 
                 2/3, 2/5, 2/6, 2/7, 2/15, 2/17, 2/20, 2/22, 2/27, 2/28, 2/49, 
               
               
                   
                 2/51, 2/57, 2/62, 2/86, 2/98, 2/101, 2/105, 2/110, 2/115, 2/134, 
               
               
                   
                 2/185, 2/86, 2/265, 36, 39/24 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Some heterocyclic metalloprotease inhibiting compounds of the invention have an MMP-3 inhibition activity (IC 50  MMP-3) ranging from below 10 nM to about 20 μM, and typically, from about 50 nM to about 2 μM. Heterocyclic metalloprotease inhibiting compounds of the invention desirably have an MMP inhibition activity ranging below 100 nM. Table 3 lists typical examples of heterocyclic metalloprotease inhibiting compounds of the invention that have an MMP-3 activity lower than 250 nM (Group A) and from 250 nM to 20 μM (Group B). 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Summary of MMP-3 Activity for Compounds 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Group 
                 Ex. # 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 A 
                 2/1, 2/9, 2/10, 2/21, 2/23, 2/26, 2/49, 2/51, 2/71, 2/74, 2/86, 
               
               
                   
                 2/91, 2/98, 2/134, 2/185, 2/186, 2/265, 4/13, 9, 19, 35 
               
               
                 B 
                 2/11, 2/20, 2/39, 2/46, 2/55, 2/93, 2/105, 2/110, 2/160, 2/183, 
               
               
                   
                 2/221, 2/271, 2/373, 4/12, 14, 29/1, 36, 36/3, 39/13 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The synthesis of metalloprotease inhibiting compounds of the invention and their biological activity assay are described in the following examples which are not intended to be limiting in any way. 
     Schemes 
     Provided below are schemes according to which compounds of the present invention may be prepared. 
     In some embodiments the compounds of Formula (I) and (II) are synthesized by the general methods shown in Scheme 1 to Scheme 3. 
                                
Route A
 
     An carbonic acid and amino substituted compound (e.g. 4-amino-nicotinic acid) is condensed (e.g. EtOH/reflux) with chloro-oxo-acetic acid ethyl ester as previously described e.g. in WO2005/105760 in pyridine to give an oxazine ethyl ester (Scheme 1). This intermediate is then converted into the corresponding pyrimidine derivative using a suitable reagent (e.g. NH 4 OAc, HOAc, EtOH/80° C.). For example, when ring Q is a pyridine ring. The compound can be obtained according this route A. 
     Route B 
     An ester and amino substituted compound (e.g. 2-amino-benzoic acid ethyl ester) is condensed (e.g. 4N HCl, dioxane/50° C.) with ethyl cyanoformate as previously described e.g. in WO2005/105760, to give a 1,3-pyrimidine-4-one ethyl ester (Scheme 1). 
     Route C 
     An carboxamide and amino substituted compound (e.g. 2-amino-benzamide) is condensed with an suitable reagent (e.g oxalic acid diethyl ester or acetic acid anhydride as described in DD272079A1 or chloro-oxo-acetic acid ethyl ester as described in  J. Med. Chem.  1979, 22(5), 505-510) to give a 1,3-pyrimidine-4-one ethyl ester (Scheme 1). 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     Saponification (e.g. aqueous LiOH) of the 1,3-pyrimidine-4-one derivative of Scheme 1 above gives the corresponding bicyclic carboxylic acid (Scheme 2). Activated acid coupling (e.g. EDCl/HOAt) with R 1 R 2 NH (e.g. 6-aminomethyl-4H-benzo[1,4]oxazin-3-one) in a suitable solvent gives the desired amide. The saponification/coupling step can be combined by stirring the ester with the free amine at elevated temperature (e.g. 200° C., 15 min) under microwave irradiation. 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     A substituted ketone (e.g. tetrahydrothiophen-3-one) is condensed (e.g. toluene/reflux with Dean-Stark apparatus) with ethyl cyanoacetate, acetic acid and ammonium acetate to afford the desired ethyl ester-cyano substituted double bond. (Scheme 3). This intermediate is then converted into the corresponding thiophene derivative using suitable reagents (e.g. sulphur, Et 2 NH, EtOH/50° C.) as previously described e.g. in  J. prakt. Chem.  1973, 315, 39-43 or  Monatsh. Chem.  2001, 132, 279-293. 
     The Knoevenagel/cyclisation step can be combined by stirring the ketone with ethyl cyanoacetate, sulphur and a base (e.g. Et 3 N) in a suitable solvent (e.g EtOH/50° C.), following the Gewald type reaction as described e.g. in  J. prakt. Chem.  1973, 315, 39-43 or  Bioorg. Med. Chem.  2002, 10, 3113-3122. 
     In compounds, where the one L b  in formula (I) is a nitrogen atom, the following procedure can be applied (Scheme 4). 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     For example, N-(pyrazol-3-yl)acetamide acetate can be cyclizised with carbonic acid diethyl ester to 2-methylpyrazolo[1,5a]-s-triazine-4-one ( J. Heterocycl. Chem.  1985, 22, 601-634) and further oxidized to the corresponding acid (e.g. by SeO 2  and then oxone). 
     In ring Q of the product in Scheme 1 to Scheme 4, further functional group manipulation can be applied (e.g. J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, Wiley&amp;Sons), e.g. palladium catalyzed halogen-cyanide exchange or nucleophilic substitution. 
     EXAMPLES AND METHODS 
     All reagents and solvents were obtained from commercial sources and used without further purification. Proton spectra ( 1 H-NMR) were recorded on a 400 MHz and a 250 MHz NMR spectrometer in deuterated solvents. Purification by column chromatography was performed using silica gel, grade 60, 0.06-0.2 mm (chromatography) or silica gel, grade 60, 0.04-0.063 mm (flash chromatography) and suitable organic solvents as indicated in specific examples. Preparative thin layer chromatography was carried out on silica gel plates with UV detection. 
     Preparative Examples are directed to intermediate compounds useful in preparing the compounds of the present invention. 
     Preparative Example 1 
                                
Step A
 
     2-Methyl-6-nitro-benzoic acid (4.72 g) was dissolved in dry CH 2 Cl 2  and DMF (3 drops) and thionyl chloride (3 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred for 4 h at 40° C., evaporated, coevaporated with toluene and dissolved in ethanol. The mixture was stirred at 70° C. overnight and then evaporated. The solid was dissolved in 6 N HCl and SnCl 2 .2H 2 O (15 g) was added. The mixture was stirred for 2 h at room temperature, evaporated to give the title compound (4.86 g; quant.) which was used without further purification. 
     Preparative Example 2 
                                
Step A
 
     4-Oxo-3,4-dihydro-quinazoline-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (710 mg) was dissolved in conc. H 2 SO 4  and cooled to 5° C., then conc. HNO 3  (4 mL) was added. After 15 min the mixture was quenched by adding ice. The precipitate was filtered, washed with water and dried to give the title compound (809 mg; 94%). [MH] + =264. 
     Preparative Example 2/1 to 2/3 
     Following similar procedures as described in the Preparative Example 2 except using the ethyl esters indicated in Table I.1 below, the following compounds were prepared. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE I.1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Ex. # 
                 Amine 
                 product 
                 yield 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 2/1 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 77% [MH] +  = 270 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/2 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 70% [MH] +  = 356 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/3 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 81% [MH] +  = 328 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Preparative Example 3 
                                
Step A
 
     2-Aminonicotinic acid (2.5 g) was suspended in dry pyridine (40 mL) and ethyloxalyl chloride (4 mL) was added under ice cooling. The ice bath was removed and the mixture was stirred for 1 h at room temperature, then heated to 50° C. for 2 h, cooled and evaporated. After adding water to the residue, the solid was filtered to give the title compound (3.17 g; 80%) as a colorless solid. [MH] + =221. 
     Step B 
     The intermediate from step A above (3.17 g), NH 4 OAc (1.11 g) and AcOH (330 μL) was dissolved in EtOH and heated to reflux for 1 h. After cooling, the precipitate was triturated with 0.1N hydrochloric acid, filtered and washed with few water and dried to give the title compound (314 mg; 10%) as a colorless solid. [MH] + =220. 
     Preparative Example 3a 
                                
Step A
 
     3-Amino-isonicotinic acid (500 mg) was suspended in dry pyridine (8 mL) and ethyloxalyl chloride (2 mL) was added under ice cooling. The ice bath was removed and the mixture was stirred for 1 h at room temperature, then heated to 50° C. for 2 h, cooled and evaporated. After adding water to the residue, the solid was filtered and dissolved in acetic anhydride (10 mL) and heated to reflux to give the title compound which was used for the next step without further purification. [MH] + =221. 
     Step B 
     The intermediate from step A above, NH 4 OAc (400 mg) and AcOH (150 μL) was dissolved in EtOH (10 mL) and heated to reflux for 1 h. After cooling, the precipitate was titurated with 0.1N hydrochloric acid, filtered and washed with few water and dried to give the title compound. [MH] + =220. 
     Preparative Example 4 
                                
Step A
 
     2-Amino-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester (1.1 g) was dissolved in a 4M solution of HCl in 1,4-dioxane (20 mL) and cyanoacetic acid ethyl ester (0.85 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at 40° C. for 3 hours, concentrated and purified by extraction with ethyl acetate from an aqueous solution to afford the title compound (420 mg, 26%). [MH] + =225. 
     Preparative Examples 5/1 to 5/114 
     Following similar procedures as described in the Preparative Examples 4 except using the amines indicated in Table I.2 below, the following compounds were prepared. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE I.2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Ex. # 
                 Amine 
                 product 
                 yield 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 5/1  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 77% [MH] +  = 239 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/2  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 49% [MH] +  = 233 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/3  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 213 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/4  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 54% [MH] +  = 297/299 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/5  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 &gt;99%  [MH] +  = 311 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/6  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 95% [MH] +  = 237 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/8  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 &gt;99%  [MH] +  = 253 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/9  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 71% [MH] +  = 311 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/11  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 99% [MH] +  = 253 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/13  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 56% [MH] +  = 253 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/14  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 56% [MH] +  = 297/299 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/15  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 99% [MH] +  = 345 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/16  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 90% [MH] +  = 287 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/17  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 92% [MH] +  = 287 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/18  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 88% [MH] +  = 277 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/19  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 99% [MH] +  = 253 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/20  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 83% [MH] +  = 275 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/21  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 75% [MH] +  = 307 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/22  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 99% [MH] +  = 281 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/23  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 281 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/24  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 96% [MH] +  = 223 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/25  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 75% [MH] +  = 307 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/26  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 83% [MH] +  = 279 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/27  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 40% [MH] +  = 249 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/28  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 33% [MH] +  = 235 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/29  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 85% [MH] +  = 237 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/30  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 60% [MH] +  = 279 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/31  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 75% [MH] +  = 261 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/32  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 72% [MH] +  = 319 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/33  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 89% [MH] +  = 293 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/34  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 77% [MH] +  = 281 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/37  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 281 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/38  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 95% [MH] +  = 291 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/39  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 26% [MH] +  = 301 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/40  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 98% [MH] +  = 335 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/42  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 85% [MH] +  = 315 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/44  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 99% [MH] +  = 331 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/44  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 35% [MH] +  = 223 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/46  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 16% [MH] +  = 302 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/50  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 87% [MH] +  = 315 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/52  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 100%  [MH] +  = 267 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/54  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 86% [MH] +  = 240 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/55  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 31% [MH] +  = 225 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/56  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 34% [MH] +  = 285 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/57  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 57% [MH] +  = 377 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/58  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 84% [MH] +  = 267 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/61  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 100%  [MH] +  = 311 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/62  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 100%  [MH] +  = 302 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/65  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 84% [MH] +  = 240 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/66  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 75% [MH] +  = 283 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/67  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 87% [MH] +  = 325 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/68  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 59% [MH] +  = 303 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/70  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 20% [MH] +  = 339 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/75  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 90% [MH] +  = 311 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/77  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 50% [MH] +  = 287 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/78  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 60% [MH] +  = 233 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/79  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 20% [MH] +  = 277 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/80  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 68% [MH] +  = 210 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/81  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 30% [MH] +  = 210 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/82  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 23% [MH] +  = 295 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/83  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 50% [MH] +  = 227 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/85  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 30% [MH] +  = 237 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/86  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 87% [MH] +  = 250 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/90  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 308 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/92  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  329 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/93  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 329 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/94  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 304 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/97  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 21% [MH] +  = 322 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/98  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 68% [MH] +  = 322 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/100 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 255 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/101 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = n.d. 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/102 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = n.d. 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/103 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = n.d. 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/104 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = n.d. 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/105 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = n.d. 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/107 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = n.d. 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/108 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = n.d. 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/109 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = n.d. 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/110 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 209 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/111 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 50% [MH] +  = 237 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/112 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 40% [MH] +  = 343 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/113 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 66% [MH] +  = 239 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5/114 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 72% [MH] +  = 225 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Preparative Example 6 
                                
Step A
 
     To an ice cooled solution of commercially available 4-Oxo-3,4-dihydro-quinazoline-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (400 mg) in dry DMF (10 mL) were successively added a 1M solution of NaHDMS in THF (2.2 mL) and methyl iodide (1.3 g). The cooling bath was removed and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Concentration and purification by chromatography (silica, cyclohexane/EtOAc) afforded the title compound as a colorless solid (370 mg, 87%). [MH] + =233. 
     Preparative Example 7 
                                
Step A
 
     To a solution of the preparative example 5/1 above (3.69 g) in acetic acid (80 mL) was added bromine (4 mL) at room temperature. After 1.5 h the reaction was evaporated, water was added, residue was filtered and washed with water and dried to give the title compound (4.86 g; 99%). [MH] + =317/319. 
     Preparative Example 7/1 
     Following similar procedures as described in the Preparative Example 7 except using the educt derivative indicated in Table I.3 below, the following compounds were prepared. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE I.3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Ex. # 
                 Educt 
                 product 
                 yield 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 7/1 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 58% [MH] +  = 389/391 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Preparative Example 8 
                                
Step A
 
     A solution of the preparative example 5/4 above (120 mg) and tributylvinyltin (160 mg), palladium tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) (55 mg) in THF (2 mL) was heated in microwave at 160° C. for 30 min. The solution was concentrated and purified by chromatography (silica, hexane/EtOAc) to afford the title compound (100 mg, 29%). [MH] + =245. 
     Step B 
     A solution of the intermediate from Step A above (30 mg) and palladium on charcoal in methanol (2 mL) was hydrogenated for 1 h. The solution was filtered through a bed of celite and concentrated to afford the title compound (28 mg, 98%). [MH] + =247. 
     Preparative Example 9 
                                
Step A
 
     A solution of the commercially available 4-Isopropyl-phenylamine (1.35 g) and N-Bromosuccinimide (2.0 g) in benzene (20 mL) was stirred at room temperature. After 12 h, the precipitated solid was filtered off, and the filtrate was concentrated and purified by chromatography (silica, hexane/EtOAc) to afford the title compound (1.8 g, 89%). [MH] + =214. 
     Step B 
     A solution of the intermediate from Step A above (800 mg), xantphos (36 mg), Pd 2 (dba) 3  (20 mg), triethylamine (1.4 mL) in methanol (10 mL) was heated in autoclave under carbon monoxide at 50 psi at 100° C. for 6 h. The solution was concentrated and purified by chromatography (silica, hexane/EtOAc) to afford the title compound (360 mg, 49%). [MH] + =194. 
     Preparative Example 10/1 and 10/3 
     Following similar procedures as described in the Preparative Example 9 except using the aniline derivative indicated in Table I.4 below, the following compounds were prepared. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE I.4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Ex. # 
                 Aniline 
                 product 
                 yield 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 10/1 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 80% [MH] +  = 208 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 10/3 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 24% [MH] +  = 285 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Preparative Example 11 
                                
Step A
 
     To a solution of the Preparative Example 4 above (420 mg) in THF (20 mL) was added 1M aqueous LiOH (5 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, concentrated and neutralized with 1M aqueous HCl. The residue was filtered off and used without further purification (55 mg, 15%). [MH] + =197. 
     Preparative Examples 12/1-12/110 
     Following a similar procedure as described in the Preparative Example 11 except using the ester indicated in Table I.5 below, the following compounds were prepared. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE I.5 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Ex. # 
                 Ester 
                 product 
                 Yield 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 12/1  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 85% [MH] +  = 191 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/2  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 88% [MH] +  = 211 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/3  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 289/291 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/4  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 93% [MH] +  = 205 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/5  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 197 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/6  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 99% [MH] +  = 269/271 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/7  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 71% [MH] +  = 283 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/8  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 91% [MH] +  = 209 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/10 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 &gt;99% [MH] +  = 225 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/11 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 &gt;99% [MH] +  = 283 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/14 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 47% [MH] +  = 206 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/15 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 28% [MH] +  = 225 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/17 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 94% [MH] +  = 225 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/18 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 93% [MH] +  = 269 271 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/19 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 85% [MH] +  = 317 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/20 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 94% [MH] +  = 259 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/21 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 78% [MH] +  = 259 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/22 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 55% [MH] +  = 249 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/23 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 47% [MH] +  = 225 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/24 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 62% [MH] +  = 192 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/25 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 98% [MH] +  = 279 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/26 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 205 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/27 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 51% [MH] +  = 253 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/28 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 85% [MH] +  = 253 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/29 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 48% [MH] +  = 195 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/30 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 36% [MH] +  = 236 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/31 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 71% [MH] +  = 251 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/32 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 91% [MH] +  = 217 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/33 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 90% [MH] +  = 219 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/34 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 86% [MH] +  = 221 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/35 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 96% [MH] +  = 207 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/36 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 92% [MH] +  = 209 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/37 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 88% [MH] +  = 227 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/38 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 86% [MH] +  = 233 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/39 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 85% [MH] +  = 247 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/40 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 97% [MH] +  = 291 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/41 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 85% [MH] +  = 265 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/42 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 &gt;99% [MH] +  = 253 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/45 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 85% (2 steps) [MH] +  = 253 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/46 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 75% [MH] +  = 263 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/47 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Quant. [MH] +  = 273 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/48 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 38% [MH] +  = 307 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/50 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 62% [MH] +  = 287 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/52 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 73% [MH] +  = 303 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/53 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 53% [MH] +  = 195 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/55 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 27% [MH] +  = 274 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/59 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 91% [MH] +  = 288 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/61 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 69% [MH] +  = 239 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/63 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 181 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/64 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 197 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/65 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 60% [MH] +  = 257 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/66 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 95% [MH] +  = 349 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/67 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 91% [MH] +  = 239 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/70 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 283 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/71 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 255 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/72 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 97% [MH] +  = 274 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/74 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 18% over 3 steps [MH] +  = 192 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/75 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 63% [MH] +  = 242 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/76 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 96% [MH] +  = 328 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/78 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 Quant. [MH] +  = 212 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/79 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 241 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/80 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 45% [MH] +  = 297 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/81 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 74% [MH] +  = 361/363 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/82 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 90% [MH] +  = 275 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/83 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 74% [MH] +  = 314 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/88 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 353/355/357 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/90 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 95% [MH] +  = 283 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/95 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 280 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/98 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 301 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 12/99 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 301 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  12/100 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 41% [MH] +  = 276 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  12/101 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 84% [MH] +  = 315 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  12/102 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 92% [MH] +  = 211 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  12/103 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 83% [MH] +  = 197 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  12/106 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 30% [MH] +  = 294 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  12/107 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 46% [MH] +  = 294 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  12/109 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 33% [MH] +  = 212 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  12/110 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 67% [MH] +  = 311 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Preparative Example 13 
                                
Step A
 
     A degassed suspension of commercially available 6-Bromo-4H-benzo[1,4]oxazin-3-one (8.39 g), Zn(CN) 2  (3.46 g) and Pd(PPh 3 ) 4  (2.13 g) in DMF (70 mL) was stirred in a oil bath (80° C.) overnight. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and then poured into water (500 mL). The precipitate was collected by suction, air dried, washed with pentane, dissolved in CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH (1:1), filtered through an silica pad and concentrated to yield a yellow solid (5.68 g, 89%). [MH] + =175. 
     Step B 
     To an ice cooled solution of the title compound from Step A above (5.6 g), di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (14.06 g) and NiCl 2 .6H 2 O (1.53 g) in MeOH, NaBH 4  (8.51 g) was added in portions. The mixture was vigorously stirred for 1 h at 0° C. and 1 h at room temperature. After the addition of diethylenetriamine (3.5 mL) the mixture was concentrated, diluted with EtOAc, washed subsequently with 1N HCl, saturated aqueous NaHCO 3  and saturated aqueous NaCl, dried (MgSO 4 ), concentrated to afford the title compound as an off-white solid (7.91 g, 88%). [M+Na] + =397. 
     Step C 
     The title compound from Step B above (7.91 g) was dissolved in a 4M solution of HCl in 1,4-dioxane (120 mL), stirred for 14 h, concentrated, suspended in Et 2 O, filtered and dried to afford the title compound as an off-white solid (5.81 g, 96%). [M—NH 3 Cl] + =162. 
     Preparative Example 14 
                                
Step A
 
     A solution of commercially available 7-cyano-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (2.75 g), K 2 CO 3  (3.60 g) and benzylchloroformate (2.7 mL) in THF/H 2 O was stirred overnight and then concentrated. The residue was diluted with EtOAc, washed with 10% aqueous citric acid, saturated aqueous NaHCO 3  and brine, dried (MgSO 4 ) and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in MeOH (100 mL) and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (7.60 g) and NiCl 2 .6H 2 O (400 mg) was added. The solution was cooled to 0° C. and NaBH 4  (2.60 g) was added in portions. The mixture was allowed to reach room temperature and then vigorously stirred overnight. After the addition of diethylenetriamine (2 mL) the mixture was concentrated, diluted with EtOAc, washed subsequently with 10% aqueous citric acid, saturated aqueous NaHCO 3  and saturated aqueous NaCl, dried (MgSO 4 ), concentrated and purified by chromatography (silica, CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH) to afford the title compound as a colorless oil (1.81 g, 26%). [MH] + =397. 
     Preparative Example 15 
                                
Step A
 
     A mixture of the title compound from the Preparative Example 14 (1.81 g) and Pd/C (10 wt %, 200 mg) in EtOH (50 mL) was hydrogenated at atmospheric pressure overnight, filtered and concentrated to a volume of ˜20 mL. 3,4-Diethoxy-3-cyclobutene-1,2-dione (0.68 mL) and NEt 3  (0.5 mL) were added and the mixture was heated to reflux for 4 h. Concentration and purification by chromatography (silica, cyclohexane/EtOAc) afforded a slowly crystallizing colorless oil. This oil was dissolved in EtOH (20 mL) and a 28% solution of NH 3  in H 2 O (100 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred for 3 h, concentrated, slurried in H 2 O, filtered and dried under reduced pressure. The remaining residue was dissolved in a 4M solution of HCl in 1,4-dioxane (20 mL), stirred for 14 h, concentrated, suspended in Et 2 O, filtered and dried to afford the title compound as an off-white solid (1.08 g, 92%). [M—Cl] + =258. 
     Preparative Example 16 
                                
Step A
 
     The title compound from step A above (1 g), ethyl cyanoacetate (1.44 g), acetic acid (70 μL) and ammonium acetate (30 mg) in toluene were heated to reflux in presence of a Dean-Stark overnight. After concentration of the mixture, the product was used without further purification. [MH] + =240. 
     Preparative Examples 17/4 to 17/23 
     Following similar procedures as described in the Preparative Examples 16 except using the ketones indicated in Table I.6 below, the following compounds were prepared. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE I.6 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Ex. # 
                 Ketone 
                 product 
                 yield 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 17/4  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = n.d. 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 17/6  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = n.d. 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 17/11 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 216 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 17/16 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 223 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 17/18 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = n.d. 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 17/19 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = n.d. 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 17/22 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 237 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 17/23 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 237 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Preparative Example 18 
                                
Step A
 
     A mixture of the title compound from the Preparative Example 16 (0.5 g) and sulfur (86 mg) in MeOH (5 mL) were heated at 50° C. Diethylamine (135 μL) was added slowly and the mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 2 h. After concentration of the mixture, a purification by chromatography (silica cyclohexane/EtOAc 9/1) afforded a orange solid (44% for 2 steps). [MH] + =258. 
     Preparative Examples 18/4 to 18/24 
     Following similar procedures as described in the Preparative Examples 18 except using the adduct indicated in Table I.7 below, the following compounds were prepared. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE I.7 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Ex. # 
                 Adduct 
                 product 
                 yield 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 18/4  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 39% (2 steps) [MH] +  = 250 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 18/6  
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 76% (2 steps) [MH] +  = 286 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 18/11 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 49% (2 steps) [MH] +  = 258 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 18/16 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 255 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 18/18 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = n.d. 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 18/19 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = n.d. 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 18/20 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 290 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 18/23 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 16% (2 steps). [MH] +  = 269 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 18/24 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 25% (2 steps). [MH] +  = 269 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Preparative Example 92 
                                
Step A
 
     To a solution of commercially available 2-amino-4-bromophenol (1.00 g) in THF (10 mL) a solution of 2-chloropyridine-3-carbonyl chloride (0.91 g) in THF (5 mL) was added at room temperature and the mixture was refluxed for 1 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and within 2 d needles precipitated out which were filtered of to give 0.43 g of the title compound. To the filtrate water was added (100 ml) and the formed precipitate was filtered off and evaporated to dryness to afford additional 0.91 g of the title compound. (total yield 1.34 g, 77%). [MH] + =327/329. 
     Step B 
     To a solution of the title compound from step A above (0.91 g) in DMF (30 ml) sodium methoxide (209 mg) was added in one portion and the mixture was refluxed for 3 h, cooled to room temperature overnight and refluxed again for 8 h. The mixture was concentrated to dryness and dissolved in EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with saturated NaHCO 3  and the formed precipitate was filtered off and dried to afford the title compound (0.42 g). The organic layer was dried (MgSO 4 ) and concentrated to afford additional 0.23 g of the title compound. (total yield 0.65 g, 81%). [MH] + =291/293. 
     Preparative Example 93 
                                
Step A
 
     A solution of 4-bromo-2-methylphenol was stirred in 30% aqueous HNO 3  at about 5° C. for 30 min, filtered and used immediately without further purification. 
     Preparative Example 94 
                                
Step A
 
     A solution of 6-bromo-4H-benzo[1,4]oxazin-3-one (1.5 g), 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (1.17 g), Pd(OAc) 2  (81 mg), dppf (221 mg) in degassed dry DMF (˜60 mL) and NEt 3  (˜1 mL) was stirred overnight under Argon at 100° C., evaporated and diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with 1N HCl and brine, dried and absorbed on silica. Flash chromatography (cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 8:2 to 6:4) afforded the title compound (163 mg, 9%) as a colorless solid. [MNa] + =251. 
     Preparative Example 95 
                                
Step A
 
     A suspension of the title compound from Preparative Example 98 (48 mg), cyanamide (80 mg), NEt 3  (20 μL) in dry MeOH (10 mL) was stirred at 60° C. overnight, evaporated, absorbed on silica and purified by flash chromatography (cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 6:4) to give the title compound (41 mg) as a colorless solid. [MNa] + =325. 
     Preparative Example 96 
                                
Step A
 
     A suspension of the title compound from Preparative Example 98 (81 mg), HONH 2 .HCl (60 mg), NEt 3  (100 μL) in dry MeOH (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight, evaporated, diluted with EtOAc and washed with water and brine, dried and evaporated to give the title compound (90 mg, quant.) as a colourless solid. [MNa] + =316. 
     Preparative Example 97 
                                
Step A
 
     A suspension of 6-amino-2,3-difluorophenol (1.0 g), K 2 CO 3  (3 g), bromoacetyl chloride (750 μL) and a catalytic amount of TBAI in dry acetonitrile was stirred at reflux overnight, evaporated and diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with 1N HCl, brine and a saturated solution of NaHCO 3 , dried and evaporated to give the title compound (1.1 g, 86%) as a brown solid [MH] + =186. 
     Step B 
     The title compound of Step A above (1.1 g) was dissolved in acetic acid and bromine (1 mL) was added. The solution was stirred at room temperature overnight, then additional bromine (1 mL) was added and the temperature was elevated to 40° C. for 3 h. The solution was evaporated and diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with a aqueous solution of sodium sulfite, brine and a saturated solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate, dried, absorbed on silica and purified by flash chromatography (cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 8:2 to 7:3) to give the 5-bromo-isomer (787 mg, 50%) and 6-bromo-isomer (567 mg, 36%) as off-white solids. [MH] + =264/266. 
     Preparative Example 98 
                                
Step A
 
     A suspension of the title compound from Preparative Example 13, Step B (380 mg) and Lawesson&#39;s reagent (660 mg) in dry THF was stirred at room temperature for 4 h, evaporated and diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water and purified by flash chromatography (cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 85:15 to 8:2) to afford the title compound (312 mg, 78%) as a colourless solid. [MNa] + =317. 
     Preparative Example 99 
                                
Step A
 
     A suspension of 2-amino-5-fluorophenol (1.0 g), catalytic amounts of TBAI and K 2 CO 3  (3.2 g) in dry CH 3 CN (40 mL) was added slowly bromoacetyl chloride (790 μL) at room temperature and then heated to reflux for 4 h, evaporated and diluted with 1N hydrochloric acid, filtered and dried to afford the title compound (1.21 g, 92%) as a brown solid. [MH] + =168. 
     Step B 
     To a suspension of the title compound from Step A above (1.21 g) in formic acid (20 mL) and added bromine (850 μL) and stirred for 4 h, evaporated and redissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with water and absorbed on silica. Purification by flash chromatography (cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 8:2 to 7:3) to afford the title compound (382 mg, 21%) as an off-white solid. [MH] + =246/248. 
     Preparative Example 99/1 and 99/2 
     Following similar procedures as described in the Preparative Examples 99, except using the educt indicated in Table I.7 below, the following compounds were prepared. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE I.7 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Ex. # 
                 Bromide 
                 product 
                 yield 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 99/1 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 246/248 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 99/2 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 40% [MH] +  = 242/244 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Preparative Example 100 
                                
Step A
 
     A suspension of 4-bromo-2-fluoro-6-nitrophenol (6.91 g), methylbromoacetate (3.3 mL), catalytic amounts of TBAI and K 2 CO 3  (7.4 g) in dry DMF (100 mL) was stirred at 0° C. and allowed to reach room temperature for 2 d, evaporated and redissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with water, 1N hydrochloric acid, saturated aqueous NaHCO 3  and brine, dried and evaporated to give crude intermediate, which was absorbed on silica and purified by flash chromatography (cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 9:1 to 8:2) to afford the title compound (8.2 g, 91%) as a colourless solid. [MH] + =308/310. 
     Step B 
     A suspension of the title compound from Step A above (1.35 g) and tin (1.3 g; 10-40 mesh) in methanol (2 mL) and concentrated hydrochloric acid (10 mL) was heated to reflux for 2 h, cooled, evaporated and suspended in water, filtered and dried to afford the title compound (985 mg, 91%) as colourless solid. [MH] + =246/48. 
     Preparative Example 100/1 
     Following similar procedures as described in the Preparative Examples 100, except using the educt indicated in Table I.8 below, the following compounds were prepared. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE I.8 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Ex. # 
                 Bromide 
                 product 
                 yield 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 100/1 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 242/244 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Preparative Example 101/4 to 101/4 
     Following similar procedures as described in the Preparative Examples 13, Step A, except using the bromide indicated in Table I.9 below, the following compounds were prepared. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE I.9 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Ex. # 
                 Bromide 
                 product 
                 yield 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 101/1 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 93% [MH] +  = 193 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 101/2 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 193 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 101/3 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 189 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 101/4 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 238 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Preparative Example 102/1 to 102/9 
     Following similar procedures as described in the Preparative Examples 13, Step B, except using the cyanide indicated in Table I.10 below, the following compounds were prepared. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE I.10 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Ex. # 
                 Cyanide 
                 product 
                 yield 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 102/1 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 56% [MNa] +  = 319 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 102/2 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 28% (two steps) [MNa] +  = 319 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 102/3 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 32% (3 steps) [MNa] +  = 319 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 102/4 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 64% [MNa] +  = 337 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 102/5 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 47% (two steps) [MNa] +  = 337 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 102/6 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 83% [MNa] +  = 377 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 102/7 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 61% [MNa] +  = 315 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 102/8 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 41% (two steps) [MNa] +  = 315 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 102/9 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 36% [MH] +  = 225 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Preparative Example 103/1 to 103/12 
     Following similar procedures as described in the Preparative Examples 13, Step C, except using the educt indicated in Table I.11 below, the following compounds were prepared. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE I.11 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Ex. # 
                 Educt 
                 product 
                 yield 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 103/1 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 quant. [M − NH 3 Cl] +  = 180 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 103/2 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 quant. [M − NH 3 Cl] +  = 180 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 103/3 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 quant. [M − Cl] +  = 194 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 103/4 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 quant. [M − NH 3 Cl] +  = 180 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 103/5 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 quant. [M − Cl] +  = 215 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 103/6 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 quant. [M − Cl] +  = 215 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 103/7 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 quant. [M − Cl] +  = 194 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 103/8 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 quant. [M − Cl] +  = 200 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 103/9 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 quant. [M − Cl] +  = 255 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  103/10 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 quant. [M − Cl] +  = 193 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  103/11 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [M − NH 3 Cl] +  = 193 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  103/12 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 quant. [M − NH 3 Cl] +  = 225 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Preparative Example 104 
                                
Step A
 
     A suspension of the title compound from Preparative Example 99/1 (˜1.3 g) and CuCN (820 mg) in degassed NMP was stirred in a closed vial under microwave irradiation at 180° C. for 10 h, evaporated and redissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with water, 1N hydrochloric acid, saturated aqueous NaHCO 3  and brine, dried and evaporated to give crude intermediate, which was used without further purification. [MH] + =193. 
     Preparative Example 104/1 to 104/3 
     Following similar procedures as described in the Preparative Examples 104, except using the bromide indicated in Table I.12 below, the following compounds were prepared. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE I.12 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Ex. # 
                 Bromide 
                 product 
                 yield 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 104/1 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 211 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 104/2 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 55% [MH] +  = 211 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 104/3 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 91% [MH] +  = 189 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Preparative Example 105 
                                
Step A
 
     Ethyl acetamidocyanoacetate (1 g) and Lawesson&#39;s reagent (1.2 g) were placed in benzene and refluxed for 24 h in presence of a Dean-Stark apparatus. After evaporation, a purification by flash chromatography (dichloromethane/methanol 98/2) afforded the title product (0.6 g, 30%) as a yellow oil. [MH] + =187. 
     Preparative Example 110 
                                
Step A
 
     To a solution of Carbamimidoyl-acetic acid ethyl ester (0.5 g) in ethyl acetate (6 mL) was added triethylamine (0.5 mL) and mixture was stirred at 5° C. Than 3-Bromo-butan-2-one (0.4 mL) was added under a nitrogen atmosphere and the mixture was refluxed for 1 h. The reaction mixture was then filtered through a medium porosity fitted glass funnel containing a thin layer of silica gel. The filtrate was washed with 100 mL of ethyl acetate and the combined washes were then evaporated under reduced pressure to give (0.25 g, 35%) of 2-Amino-4,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester [MH] + =183. 
     Step B 
     To a round bottom flask containing a stir bar was added NaH (65 mg; 60% in oil) and the mixture was placed under a nitrogen atmosphere. To the solid was then added of pyrole product (0.25 g) dissolved in 4 ml of anhydrous dimethylformamide and the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes and then 30 minutes at room temperature. To the mixture was then added methyl iodide (0.23 mL) at 0° C. and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. To the mixture was then added 50 ml of 10% aqueous ammonium acetate solution and mixture acidified to pH ˜7 using acetic acid. The aqueous layer was then extracted with 100 mL of diethyl ether. The organic layer was separated, dried over MgSO4, filtered and the volatile components removed under reduced pressure to give the desired product (150 mg, 55%). [MH] + =197. 
     Preparative Example 111 
                                
Step A
 
     A mixture of 5-amino-3-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamide (283 mg), diethyl oxalate (1168 mg) and NaOEt (3 mL, 21% wt in EtOH) in EtOH (17 mL) was heated to reflux. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was dissolved in water (˜20 ml). The resulting solution was acidified with AcOH and the separated solid was collected. The solid was dried to afford desired compound (307 mg, 69%). [MH] + =224. 
     Preparative Example 111/1 
     Following similar procedures as described in the Preparative Examples 111, except using the bromide indicated in Table I.14 below, the following compounds were prepared. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE I.14 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Ex. # 
                 Amine 
                 product 
                 yield 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 111/1 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 80% [MH] +  = 209 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Example 1 
                                
Step A
 
     To a solution of the title compound from Preparative Example 11 above (55 mg), EDCI (108 mg) and HOAt (46 mg) in DMF (10 mL) were added N-methylmorpholine (100 μL) and the title compound from the Preparative Example 13 (72 mg). The mixture was stirred overnight and then concentrated. The remaining residue was suspended in 10% aqueous citric acid and the residue was filtered to afford the title compound as an off white solid (65 mg, 65%). [MH] + =357. 
     Examples 2/1-2/548 
     Following similar procedures as described in the Examples 1, except using the amines and acids indicated in Table II.1 below, the following compounds were prepared. 
     
       
         
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE II.1 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Ex. # 
                 amine, acid 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/1 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/2 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/3 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/4 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/5 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/6 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/7 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/8 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/9 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/10 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/11 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/12 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/13 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/14 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/15 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/16 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/17 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/18 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/19 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/20 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/21 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/22 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/23 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/26 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/27 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/28 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/31 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/32 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/35 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/37 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/38 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/39 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/40 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/41 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/42 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/43 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/44 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/45 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/46 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/47 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/48 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/49 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/50 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/51 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/53 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/54 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/55 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/56 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/57 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/58 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/59 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/60 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/61 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/62 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/63 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/64 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/65 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/66 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/68 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/69 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/70 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/71 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/72 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/73 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/74 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/75 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/76 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/77 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/78 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/79 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/80 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/81 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/82 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/83 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/84 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/85 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/86 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/87 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/88 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/91 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/92 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/93 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 2/96 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 2/97 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/98 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/99 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/100 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/101 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/102 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/105 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/106 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/109 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/110 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/111 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/112 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/115 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/116 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/123 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/124 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/127 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/128 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/133 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/134 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/135 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/136 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/137 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/138 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/139 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/140 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/141 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/142 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/147 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/148 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/149 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/150 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/151 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/154 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/155 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/156 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/157 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/158 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/159 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/160 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/161 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/162 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/163 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/164 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/165 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 2/179 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 2/180 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/181 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/182 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/183 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/184 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/185 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/186 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/189 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/190 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/191 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/192 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/193 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/194 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/195 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/196 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/197 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/198 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/199 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/200 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/201 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/202 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/203 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/204 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/205 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/206 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/207 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 2/213 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 2/214 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/215 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/216 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/217 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/220 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/221 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/222 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/226 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/227 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/228 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/229 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/233 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/234 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/235 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/241 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/242 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/243 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/244 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/247 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/248 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/265 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/271 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/273 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/275 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/276 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/277 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/278 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/279 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/280 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/281 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/282 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/283 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/284 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/285 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/286 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/287 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/288 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/373 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/374 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/375 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/378 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/379 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/380 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/381 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/548 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Ex. # 
                 product 
                 yield 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/1 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 77% [MH] +  = 351 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/2 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 57% [MH] +  = 365 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/3 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 80% [MH] +  = 365 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/4 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 76% [MH] +  = 351 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/5 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 25% [MH] +  = 324 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/6 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 87% [MH] +  = 360 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/7 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 71% [MH] +  = 322 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/8 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 74% [MH] +  = 365 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/9 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 98% [MH] +  = 371 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/10 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 90% [MH] +  = 450 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/11 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 67% [MH] +  = 449/451 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/12 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 72% [MH] +  = 365 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/13 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 82% [MH] +  = 444 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/14 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 83% [MH] +  = 458 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/15 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 83% [MH] +  = 418 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/16 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 73% [MH] +  = 432 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/17 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 79% [MH] +  = 426 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/18 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 65% [MH] +  = 324 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/19 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 73% [MH] +  = 346 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/20 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 357 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/21 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 77% [MH] +  = 429/431 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/22 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 78% [MH] +  = 443 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/23 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 62% [MH] +  = 369 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/26 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 63% [MH] +  = 385 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/27 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 93% [MH] +  = 385 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/28 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 88% [MH] +  = 443 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/31 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 10% [MH] +  = 366 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/32 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 13% [MH] +  = 366 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/35 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 67% [MH] +  = 385 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/37 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 55% [MH] +  = 385 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/38 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 87% [MH] +  = 385 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/39 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 73% [MH] +  = 419/431 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/40 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 80% [MH] +  = 429/431 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/41 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 79% [MH] +  = 376 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/42 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 71% [MH] +  = 477 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/43 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 12% [MH] +  = 419 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/44 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 12% [MH] +  = 419 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/45 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 54% [MH] +  = 409 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/46 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 63% [MH] +  = 385 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/47 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 86% [MH] +  = 352 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/48 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 79% [MH] +  = 352 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/49 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 11% [MH] +  = 439 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/50 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 33% [MH] +  = 365 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/51 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 15% [MH] +  = 518 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/53 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 85% [MH] +  = 413 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/54 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 64% [MH] +  = 413 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/55 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 15% [MH] +  = 355 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/56 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 85% [MH] +  = 510 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/57 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 26% [MH] +  = 396 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/58 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 48% [MH] +  = 414 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/59 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 4% [MH] +  = 428 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/60 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 39% [MH] +  = 408 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/61 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 24% [MH] +  = 484 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/62 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 21% [MH] +  = 490 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/63 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 55% [MH] +  = 455 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/64 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 79% [MH] +  = 411 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/65 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 66% [MH] +  = 411 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/66 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 88% [MH] +  = 464 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/68 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 40% [MH] +  = 431 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/69 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 76% [MH] +  = 377 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/70 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 85% [MH] +  = 379 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/71 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 75% [MH] +  = 381 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/72 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 85% [MH] +  = 368 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/73 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 85% [MH] +  = 446 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/74 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 67% [MH] +  = 369 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/75 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 78% [MH] +  = 448 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/76 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 86% [MH] +  = 387 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/77 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 81% [MH] +  = 466 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/78 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 76% [MH] +  = 393 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/79 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 87% [MH] +  = 472 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/80 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 68% [MH] +  = 407 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/81 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 80% [MH] +  = 486 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/82 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 85% [MH] +  = 448 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/83 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 91% [MH] +  = 492 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/84 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 &gt;99% [MH] +  = 451 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/85 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 90% [MH] +  = 530 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/86 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 52% [MH] +  = 425 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/87 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 37% [MH] +  = 504 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/88 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 86% [MH] +  = 413 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/91 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 69% [MH] +  = 422 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/92 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 89% [MH] +  = 568 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/93 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 95% [MH] +  = 484 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/96 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 70% [MH] +  = 533 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/97 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 35% [MH] +  = 423 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/98 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 87% [MH] +  = 502 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/99 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 5% [MH] +  = 512 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/100 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 18% [MH] +  = 433 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/101 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 71% [MH] +  = 467 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/102 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 quant. [MH] +  = 547 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/105 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 quant. [MH] +  = 447 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/106 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 quant. [MH] +  = 526 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/109 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 quant. [MH] +  = 463 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/110 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 quant. [MH] +  = 542 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/111 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 69% [MH] +  = 355 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/112 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 76% [MH] +  = 434 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/115 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 73% [MH] +  = 434 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/116 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 50% [MH] +  = 513 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/123 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 80% [MH] +  = 447 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/124 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 88% [MH] +  = 526 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/127 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 93% [MH] +  = 399 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/128 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 97% [MH] +  = 478 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/133 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 341 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/134 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 13% [MH] +  = 451 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/135 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 41% [MH] +  = 357 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/136 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 9% [MH] +  = 372 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/137 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 96% [MH] +  = 417 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/138 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 88% [MH] +  = 509 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/139 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 99% [MH] +  = 588 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/140 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 87% [MH] +  = 399 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/141 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 72% [MH] +  = 478 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/142 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 89% [MH] +  = 464 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/147 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 72% [MH] +  = 443 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/148 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d [MH] +  = 522 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/149 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 16% [MH] +  = 575 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/150 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 6% [MH] +  = 434 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/151 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 19% [MH] +  = 513 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/154 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 21% [MH] +  = 352 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/155 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 55% [MH] +  = 431 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/156 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 79% [MH] +  = 414 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/157 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 85% [MH] +  = 428 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/158 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 54% [MH] +  = 493 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/159 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 32% [MH] +  = 521 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/160 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 50% [MH] +  = 442 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/161 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 85% [MH] +  = 521/523 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/162 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = n.d. 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/163 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 84% [MH] +  = 457 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/164 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 567 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/165 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 70% [MH] +  = 561 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/179 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 20% [MH] +  = 372 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/180 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 24% [MH] +  = 451 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/181 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 20% [MH] +  = 372 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/182 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 70% [MH] +  = 561 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/183 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 97% [MH] +  = 442 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/184 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 2% [MH] +  = 401 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/185 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 46% [MH] +  = 435 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/186 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 41% [MH] +  = 514 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/189 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 80% [MH] +  = 471 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/190 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 45% [MH] +  = 442 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/191 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 71% [MH] +  = 446 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/192 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 53% [MH] +  = 369 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/193 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 38% [MH] +  = 387 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/194 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 94% [MH] +  = 403 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/195 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 78% [MH] +  = 352 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/196 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 86% [MH] +  = 370 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/197 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 81% [MH] +  = 386 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/198 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 62% [MH] +  = 367 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/199 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 63% [MH] +  = 401 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/200 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 73% [MH] +  = 369 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/201 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 88% [MH] +  = 403 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/202 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 79% [MH] +  = 369 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/203 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 90% [MH] +  = 387 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/204 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 89% [MH] +  = 896 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/205 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 59% [MH] +  = 351 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/206 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 91% [MH] +  = 552 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/207 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 65% [MH] +  = 516 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/213 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 72% [MH] +  = 387 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/214 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 95% [MH] +  = 421 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/215 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 513/515/517 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/216 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 89% [MH] +  = 387 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/217 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 74% [MH] +  = 421 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/220 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 366 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/221 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 409 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/222 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 80% [MH] +  = 528/530 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/226 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 59% [MH] +  = 443 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/227 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 65% [MH] +  = 522 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/228 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 34% [MH] +  = 589 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/229 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 70% [MH] +  = 428 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/233 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 77% [MH] +  = 442 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/234 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 57% [MH] +  = 456 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/235 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 90% [MH] +  = 466 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/241 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 46% [MH] +  = 391 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/242 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 53% [MH] +  = 470 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/243 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 63% [MH] +  = 417 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/244 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 63% [MH] +  = 496 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/247 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 31% [MH] +  = 387 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/248 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 3% [MH] +  = 446 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/265 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 34% (5 steps) [MH] +  = 440 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/271 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 10% [MH] +  = 508 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/273 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 86% [MH] +  = 461 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/275 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 88% [MH] +  = 400 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/276 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 87% [MH] +  = 399 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/277 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 81% [MH] +  = 399 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/278 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 62% [MH] +  = 365 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/279 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 23% [MH] +  = 410 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/280 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 19% [MH] +  = 376 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/281 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 11% [MH] +  = 463/465 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/282 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 5% [MH] +  = 419 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/283 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 461 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/284 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 461 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/285 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 36% [MH] +  = 414 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/286 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 78% [MH] +  = 428 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/287 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 36% [MH] +  = 468 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/288 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 9% [MH] +  = 276 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/373 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 46% [MH] +  = 475 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/374 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 32% [MH] +  = 357 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/375 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 49% [MH] +  = 489 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/378 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 92% [MH] +  = 454 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/379 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 9% [MH] +  = 454 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/380 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 quant. [MH] +  = 475 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/381 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 quant. [MH] +  = 492 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2/548 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 41% [MH] +  = 436 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Example 3 
                                
Step A
 
     To a degassed suspension of the title compound from Example 2/21 above (100 mg) in MeOH (5 mL) were added NEt 3  (70 μL) palladium acetate (2 mg) and dppf (4.5 mg). The mixture was stirred overnight at 70° C. under CO atmosphere (7 bar) and then concentrated. The remaining residue was purified by chromatography (silica, chloroform/MeOH) to afford the title compound as off white solid (70 mg, 74%). [MH] + =409. 
     Step B 
     To a solution of the title compound from Step A above (65 mg) in THF (3 mL) was added 1M aqueous LiOH (450 μL). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, concentrated and suspended in 1M aqueous HCl. The residue was filtered off and used without further purification (36 mg, 57%). [MH] + =395. 
     Examples 4/1-4/20 
     Following a similar procedure as described in Example 3 step B, except using the ester indicated in Table II.2 below, the following compounds were prepared. 
     
       
         
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE II.2 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Ex. # 
                 Ester 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4/1 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4/2 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4/3 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4/5 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4/6 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4/7 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4/8 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4/12 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4/13 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4/20 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Ex. # 
                 product 
                 Yield 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4/1 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 66% [MH] +  = 415 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4/2 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 73% [MH] +  = 415 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4/3 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 70% [MH] +  = 554 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4/5 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 nd. [MH] +  = 494 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4/6 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 82% [MH] +  = 415 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4/7 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 73% [MH] +  = 429 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4/8 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 92% [MH] +  = 443 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4/12 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 81% [MH] +  = 429 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4/13 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 36% [MH] +  = 429 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4/20 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 70% [MH] +  = 447 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Example 5 
                                
Step A
 
     The title compound from the Example 2/57 (77 mg) and Pd/C (10%; 75 mg) were suspended in THF/MeOH and AcOH (100 μL) and hydrogenated at atmospheric pressure for 5 h, filtered over celite and evaporated to afford the title compound as a yellow solid. [MH] + =366. 
     Example 6 
                                
Step A
 
     To a degassed suspension of the title compound from Example 2/42 above (120 mg) in DMF (2 mL) were added 17 mg Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 , 34 mg commercially available phenylboronic acid and 2M aqueous Na 2 CO 3  (0.5 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at 130° C. (3 h) in a microwave oven for 30 min and than concentrated. The remaining residue was purified by chromatography (silica, chloroform/MeOH) to afford the title compound as off-white solid (11 mg, 22%). [MH] + =427. 
     Examples 7/1 
     Following a similar procedure as described in the Example 6, except using the aryl halogenide and boronic acid indicated in Table II.3 below, the following compounds were prepared. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE II.3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Ex. # 
                 aryl halogenide, boronic acid 
                 product 
                 yield 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 7/1 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 25% [MH] +  = 433 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Example 8 
                                
Step A
 
     To a degassed suspension of the title compound from Example 2/42 above (70 mg) and CuI in DMF (2 mL) were added 17 mg Pd(PPh 3 ) 2 Cl 2  and 16 mg commercially available trimethylsilyl acetylen. The resulting mixture was stirred at 120° C. (3 h) in a microwave oven for 20 min and than concentrated. The remaining residue was dissolved in H 2 O/ethyl acetate, organic layer was dried (MgSO 4 ) and concentrated. The remaining residue was dissolved in MeOH K 2 CO 3  (25 mg) was added and the mixture was stirred for 2 h, concentrated and purified by chromatography (silica, chloroform/MeOH) to afford the title compound as off white solid (2 mg, 3%). [MH] + =375. 
     Example 8/1 
     Following a similar procedure as described in the Example 8, except using the aryl halogenide and acetylene indicated in Table II.4 below, the following compounds were prepared. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE II.4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Ex. # 
                 aryl halogenide, acetylene 
                 product 
                 yield 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 8/1 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 10% [MH] +  = 451 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Example 9 
                                
Step A
 
     A mixture of the title compound from the Example 2/21 (150 mg), Zn(CN) 2  (31 mg) and Pd(PPh 3 ) 4  (20 mg) in dry DMF (3 mL) was degassed and heated at 85° C. under an argon atmosphere overnight. The mixture was concentrated, diluted with 10% aqueous citric acid, filtered and the remaining residue was slurried in methanol, filtered and dried to afford the title compound as a colorless solid (103 mg, 78%). [MH] + =376. 
     Examples 10/1-10/2 
     Following a similar procedure as described in the Example 9, except using the aryl halogenide indicated in Table II.5 below, the following compounds were prepared. 
     
       
         
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE II.5 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Ex. # 
                 aryl halogenide 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 10/1 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 10/2 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Ex. # 
                 product 
                 yield 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 10/1 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 89% [MH] +  = 376 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 10/2 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 468 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Example 11 
                                
Step A
 
     In a sealed vial was a mixture of the title compound from the Example 9 (43.3 mg), dibutyltin oxide (12 mg) and azidotrimethylsilane (400 μL) in dry toluene (10 mL) under an argon atmosphere heated at 170° C. using microwave irradiation for 13 h. The reaction mixture was absorbed on silica gel and purified by chromatography (silica, CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH 9:1 to 4:1) and the product containing fractions further purified by thin layer chromatography (CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH 4:1) to give the title compound as an off-white solid (6.1 mg, 14%). [MH] + =419. 
     Example 12 
                                
Step A
 
     The title compound from the Example 9 (28.2 mg) and K 2 CO 3  (21 mg) were suspended in DMSO (1 mL) and aqueous hydrogen peroxide (35%, 100 μL) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 3 h and diluted with 10% aqueous citric acid, filtered and dried to afford the title compound as a colorless solid (34.9 mg, quant.). [MH] + =394. 
     Examples 13/1-13/3 
     Following a similar procedure as described in Example 12, except using the aryl cyanide indicated in Table II.6 below, the following compounds were prepared. 
     
       
         
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE II.6 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Ex. # 
                 aryl halogenide 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 13/1 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 13/2 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 13/3 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Ex. # 
                 product 
                 yield 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 13/1 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 87% [MH] +  = 394 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 13/2 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 41% [MH] +  = 473 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 13/3 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 60% [MH] +  = 394 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Example 14 
                                
Step A
 
     To an ice cooled solution of the title compound from the Example 9 (980 mg) in dry MeOH (20 mL) were added di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (1.5 g) and NiCl 2 .6H 2 O (190 mg), followed by the careful portionwise addition of NaBH 4  (600 mg). The resulting black mixture was stirred for 20 min at 0-5° C. (ice bath), then the ice bath was removed and stirring at room temperature was continued overnight. Then diethylenetriamine was added and the mixture was concentrated to dryness. The remaining residue was suspended in EtOAc washed subsequently with 10% aqueous citric acid, saturated aqueous NaHCO 3  and saturated aqueous NaCl, dried (MgSO 4 ), filtered, concentrated and purified by chromatography (silica, cyclohexane/EtOAc 2:8 to 0:1) to afford the title compound as a colorless solid (262 mg, 21%). [MH] + =480. 
     Example 15 
                                
Step A
 
     To the title compound from the Example 14 (258 mg) was added a 4M solution of HCl in 1,4-dioxane (10 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature with temporary sonification for 5 h and concentrated to afford the title compound (240 mg, &gt;99%). [M—Cl] + =380. 
     Example 16 
                                
Step A
 
     The title compound from the Example 2/88 (24.5 mg), HONH 2 .HCl (39 mg), NaOAc (50 mg) and 3 drops aniline were stirred in MeOH/H 2 O (10 mL; 1:1) at 80° C. for 2 d. The reaction mixture was concentrated, diluted with water and filtered to afford the title compound (23 mg, 91%) as an off-white solid. [MH] + =428. 
     Example 17 
                                
Step A
 
     The title compound from the Example 15 (29 mg), succinic anhydride (8 mg) and pyridine (80 μL) were stirred in CH 3 CN at 50° C. overnight, concentrated, diluted with 10% aqueous citric acid and filtered to afford the title compound (27 mg, 81%) as an off-white solid. [MH] + =480. 
     Example 19 
                                
Step A
 
     To DMF (5 mL) was added 2M oxalylchloride in dichloromethane (150 μL) at 0° C. Then a solution of the title compound from Example 2/156 (112 mg) in DMF (2 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred for 6 h at 0° C. After adding pyridine (150 μL) the mixture was stirred for additional 2 h at room temperature. The mixture was concentrated to afford the title compound after chromatography (chloroform/methanol=9:1; 19 mg, 18%). [MH] + =396. 
     Example 20a to Example 20c 
                                
Step A
 
     The title compound from example 2/28 (255 mg) was dissolved in dry THF (40 mL) and then a large excess of LiBH 4  was added and the mixture was stirred for 1 week with sonification for some time, evaporated, adjusted to pH ˜8 with aq. NH 4 Cl, extracted with ethyl acetate and absorbed on silica. Flash chromatography (CH 2 Cl 2 /methanol 98:2 to 85:15) afforded first the Example 20b (14.5 mg) as an off-white solid ([MH] + =429), then Example 20c (31.4 mg) as a colourless solid ([MH] + =387), and finally Example 20a (8.6 mg) as a colourless solid ([MH] + =401). 
     Example 21 
                                
Step A
 
     The title compound from example 2/88 (100 mg) was suspended in dry THF/MeOH (5:1) and then NaBH 4  (22 mg) was added and the mixture was stirred for 1.5 h, acidified with 1N HCl, filtered, washed with water and dried to afford the title compound (94 mg, 94%) as a colourless solid. [MH] + =415. 
     Example 23a to Example 23c 
                                
Step A
 
     A suspension the title compound from Example 2/215 (170 mg) and CuCN (66 mg) in degassed DMF was stirred in a closed vial under microwave irradiation at 200° C. for 1 h, evaporated and redissolved in THF, washed with brine/1N hydrochloric acid (˜1:1) and brine, dried and separated by HPLC to afford both mono-nitrile products ([MH] + =382) and the di-nitrile product ([MH] + =407). 
     Example 23/1 
     Following a similar procedure as described in Example 23a, except using the educt indicated in Table II.10 below, the following compounds were prepared. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE II.10 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Ex. # 
                 Educt 
                 product 
                 yield 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 23/1 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 quant. [MH] +  = 396 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Example 24 
                                
Step A
 
     The title compound from Example 20c (29 mg) and catalytic amounts of DMAP were stirred in Ac 2 O/pyridine (3 mL; 1:2) overnight, evaporated, coevaporated with toluene, slurried in water and filtered to afford the title compound (33 mg, 93%) as an off-white solid. [MH] + =471. 
     Example 25 
                                
Step A
 
     The title compound from Example 24 (14 mg) and NaOMe (13 mg) in dry MeOH were stirred for 1 h, evaporated, acidified with 1N hydrochloric acid and filtered to afford the title compound (9.1 mg, 71%) as a colourless solid. [MH] + =429. 
     Example 27 
                                
Step A
 
     The title compound from the Example 2/88 (20 mg), MeONH 2 .HCl (21 mg), NaOAc (30 mg) and 3 drops aniline were stirred in MeOH/H 2 O (10 mL; 1:1) at 80° C. for 2 d. The reaction mixture was concentrated, diluted with water and purified by HPLC to afford the title compound (7.6 mg) as a colourless solid. [MH] + =442. 
     Example 28 
                                
Step A
 
     To a solution of 9-Oxo-8,9-dihydro-1,3-dioxa-6,8-diaza-cyclopenta[a]naphthalene-7-carboxylic acid ethyl ester above (32 mg) in ethanol (1 mL) were added triethyl amine (40 μL) and the title compound from the Preparative Example 13 (30 mg). The mixture was heated at 180° C. in a microwave oven for 1 h and then concentrated. The remaining residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (10% methanol in methylene chloride) to give a yellow solid (45 mg, 95%). [MH] + =395. 
     Examples 29/1 to 29/2 
     Following a similar procedure as described in Example 28, except using the ester indicated in Table II.11 below, the following compounds were prepared. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE II.11 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Ex. # 
                 Ester 
                 product 
                 Yield 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 29/1 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 64% [MH] +  = 498 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 29/2 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 27% [MH] +  = 498 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Example 30 
                                
Step A
 
     To a solution of the title compound from Example 3 above (25 mg) in DMF (2 mL) were added triethyl amine (10 μL), benzylamine (9 mg) and PyBop (38 mg). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight and concentrated in vaccuo. The remaining residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (10% methanol in methylene chloride) to give a yellow solid (10 mg, 41%). [MH] + =484. 
     Examples 31/1 to 31/4 
     Following a similar procedure as described in Example 30, except using the amine indicated in Table II.11 below, the following compounds were prepared. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE II.11 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Ex. # 
                 Amine 
                 product 
                 yield 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 31/1 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 64% [MH] +  = 470 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 31/2 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 24% [MH] +  = 508 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 31/3 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 28% [MH] +  = 522 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 31/4 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 26% [MH] +  = 466 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Example 32 
                                
Step A
 
     To a 10 ml round bottom flask containing a stir bar is added 20 mg of the tert.-Butyl ester above, and 2 ml of 50% trifluoroacetic acid in methylene chloride and solution stirred under closed atmosphere for 30 minutes. The volatile components of the reaction mixture was then removed under reduced pressure to give an oil which was precipitated from ether to give 8 mg (˜45% crude yield) of the free acid as a white solid. [MH] + =438. 
     Example 33 
                                
Step A
 
     To a 10 ml round bottom flask containing a stir bar is added 10 mg of the tert.-Butyl ester above, and 2 ml of 50% trifluoroacetic acid in methylene chloride and solution stirred under closed atmosphere for 30 minutes. The volatile components of the reaction mixture was then removed under reduced pressure to give an oil which was precipitated from ether to give 5 mg (˜56% crude yield) of the free acid as a white solid. [MH] + =438. 
     Example 34 
                                
Step A
 
     To a thick walled glass vessel containing a stir bar was added of 5-Fluoro-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-quinazoline-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (100 mg), 120 mg of the hydrochloride salt of the 6-Aminomethyl-4H-benzo[1,4]oxazin-3-one, 2 ml of ethanol and 0.15 mL of triethylamine and mixture heated at 120° C. via microwave under closed atmosphere for 30 min. The mixture was then centrifuged and the solid was triturated with ethanol to give 100 mg (65%) of the desired product as a white solid. [MH] + =369. 
     Example 35 
                                
Step A
 
     To a thick walled glass vessel containing a stir bar is added 35 mg of title compound from Example 34 above and a solution composed of 1.5 mL of a sodium methoxide solution in methanol and 2 mL of dimethylacetamide and the mixture was heated via microwave irradiation at 180° C. for 80 minutes. The volatile components of the reaction mixture were removed under reduced pressure to give crude product. The crude was triturated with ethanol to give 30 mg (83%) of the desired ether product as a white solid. [MH] + =381. 
     Example 36 
                                
Step A
 
     To a thick walled glass vessel containing a stir bar is added 172 mg of the diester above, 164 mg of the hydrochloride salt of the benzo[1,4]oxazinone, 3 ml of ethanol and 0.2 ml of triethylamine and mixture heated at 180° C. via microwave under closed atmosphere for 1 hour. The mixture was then centrifuged and the solid was repeatedly triturated with ethanol and then methylene chloride to give 50 mg (16% yield) of the desired amide product as a white solid. [MH] + =409. 
     Examples 36/1-36/13 
     Following a similar procedure as described in Example 36, except using the amines indicated in Table II.13 below, the following compounds were prepared. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE II.13 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Ex. # 
                 Amine 
                 product 
                 yield 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 36/1 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 30% [MH] +  = 470 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 36/2 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 40% [MH] +  = 470 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 36/3 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 25% [MH] +  = 456 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 36/4 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 25% [MH] +  = 499 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 36/5 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 50% [MH] +  = 494 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 36/6 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 50% [MH] +  = 494 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 36/7 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 40% [MH] +  = 463 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 36/8 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 30% [MH] +  = 463 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 36/10 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 40% [MH] +  = 424 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 36/11 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 50% [MH] +  = 424 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 36/12 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 30% [MH] +  = 424 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 36/13 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 35% [MH] +  = 424 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Example 37 
                                
Step A
 
     To a thick walled glass vessel containing a stir bar is added 69 mg of 6-fluoro-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-quinazoline-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, 73 mg of the hydrochloride salt of the benzo[1,3,4]oxathiazine synthesized following Preparative Example 5/6, 1 mL of ethanol and 0.1 ml (0.70 mmoles) of triethylamine and mixture heated at 180° C. via microwave under closed atmosphere for 1 h. The mixture was then centrifuged and the solid was triturated with ethanol to give a white solid. The solid was purified by preparative thin layer chromatography (SiO 2 , 10% MeOH-methylene chloride) to give 21 mg (18% yield) of the desired 6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinazoline-2-carboxylic acid (2,2-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,3,4]oxathiazin-7-ylmethyl)-amide product as a white solid. [MH] + =405. 
     Example 38 
                                
Step A
 
     To a thick walled glass vessel containing a stir bar is added 52 mg (0.20 mmoles) of 5,6-dimethyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, 65 mg of the hydrochloride salt of the benzo[1,3,4]oxathiazine synthesized following Preparative Example 5/19, 1 mL of ethanol and 0.1 ml (0.70 mmoles) of triethylamine and mixture heated at 180° C. via microwave under closed atmosphere for 1 h. The mixture was then centrifuged and the solid was repeatedly triturated with ethanol and then methylene chloride to give 19 mg (22% yield) of the desired benzo[1,3,4]oxathiazin-7-ylmethyl)-amide product as a white solid. [MH] + =421. 
     Examples 39/1-39/25 
     Following similar procedures as described in Examples 38 except using the amines and the ester indicated in Table II.14 below, the following compounds were prepared. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE II.14 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Ex. # 
                 amine; ester 
                 product 
                 Yield 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 39/1 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 50% [MH] +  = 419 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 39/2 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 40% [MH] +  = 365 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 39/3 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 12% [MH] +  = 343 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 39/4 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 15% [MH] +  = 342 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 39/5 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 31% [MH] +  = 427 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 39/6 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                  8% [MH] +  = 359 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 39/8 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 22% [MH] +  = 369 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 39/9 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 16% [MH] +  = 382 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 39/10 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 25% [MH] +  = 370 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 39/11 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                  6% [MH] +  = 422 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 39/12 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 45% [MH] +  = 356 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 39/13 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 48% [MH] +  = 341 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 39/14 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 n.d. [MH] +  = 387 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 39/15 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 28% [MH] +  = 365 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 39/16 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 17% [MH] +  = 365 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 39/17 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 19% [MH] +  = 365 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 39/18 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                  5% [MH] +  = 385 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 39/19 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 24% [MH] +  = 369 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 39/21 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 60% [MH] +  = 381 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 39/22 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 35% [MH] +  = 396 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 39/23 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 27% [MH] +  = 448 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 39/24 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 26% [MH] +  = 466 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 39/25 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 15% [MH] +  = 444 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Example 44 
                                
Step A
 
     A mixture of (4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-quinazolin-2-yl)-acetic acid methyl ester (28.8 mg, 0.132 mmol), 6-(aminomethyl)-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-3(4H)-one HCl salt (34.9 mg, 0.163 mmol), and triethylamine (55 μL, 40 mg, 0.40 mmol) in DMF (1 ml) was heated in a microwave at 160° C. for 5 min, then 180° C. for 1 h. Typical aqueous workup and purification provided 7.1 mg of the desired product as a pale yellow solid. [MH] + =365. 
     Example 45 
                                
Step A
 
     Utilizing the same procedure as indicated in Example 44 above except coupling 3-amino-4-(7-aminomethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-2-yl)-cyclobut-3-ene-1,2-dione HCl salt with 4-Oxo-3,4-dihydro-quinazoline-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester at 120° C. for 1 h provided 23.7 mg of the desired product as a pale yellow solid. [MH] + =444. 
     Example 1700 
     Assay for Determining MMP-13 Inhibition 
     The typical assay for MMP-13 activity is carried out in assay buffer comprised of 50 mM Tris, pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 5 mM CaCl 2  and 0.05% Brij-35. Different concentrations of tested compounds are prepared in assay buffer in 50 μL aliquots. 10 μL of a 50 nM stock solution of catalytic domain of MMP-13 enzyme (produced by Alantos or commercially available from Invitek (Berlin), Cat. # 30100812) is added to the compound solution. The mixture of enzyme and compound in assay buffer is thoroughly mixed and incubated for 10 min at room temperature. Upon the completion of incubation, the assay is started by addition of 40 μl of a 12.5 μM stock solution of MMP-13 fluorescent substrate (Calbiochem, Cat. No. 444235). The time-dependent increase in fluorescence is measured at the 320 nm excitation and 390 nm emission by automatic plate multireader. The IC 50  values are calculated from the initial reaction rates. 
     Example 1701 
     Assay for Determining MMP-3 Inhibition 
     The typical assay for MMP-3 activity is carried out in assay buffer comprised of 50 mM MES, pH 6.0, 10 mM CaCl 2  and 0.05% Brij-35. Different concentrations of tested compounds are prepared in assay buffer in 50 μL aliquots. 10 μL of a 100 nM stock solution of the catalytic domain of MMP-3 enzyme (Biomol, Cat. No. SE-109) is added to the compound solution. The mixture of enzyme and compound in assay buffer is thoroughly mixed and incubated for 10 min at room temperature. Upon the completion of incubation, the assay is started by addition of 40 μL of a 12.5 μM stock solution of NFF-3 fluorescent substrate (Calbiochem, Cat. No. 480455). The time-dependent increase in fluorescence is measured at the 330 nm excitation and 390 nm emission by an automatic plate multireader. The IC 50  values are calculated from the initial reaction rates. 
     Example 1702 
     Assay for Determining MMP-8 Inhibition 
     The typical assay for MMP-8 activity is carried out in assay buffer comprised of 50 mM Tris, pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 5 mM CaCl 2  and 0.05% Brij-35. Different concentrations of tested compounds are prepared in assay buffer in 50 μL aliquots. 10 μL of a 50 nM stock solution of activated MMP-8 enzyme (Calbiochem, Cat. No. 444229) is added to the compound solution. The mixture of enzyme and compound in assay buffer is thoroughly mixed and incubated for 10 min at 37° C. Upon the completion of incubation, the assay is started by addition of 40 μL of a 10 μM stock solution of OmniMMP fluorescent substrate (Biomol, Cat. No. P-126). The time-dependent increase in fluorescence is measured at the 320 nm excitation and 390 nm emission by an automatic plate multireader at 37° C. The IC 50  values are calculated from the initial reaction rates. 
     Example 1703 
     Assay for Determining MMP-12 Inhibition 
     The typical assay for MMP-12 activity is carried out in assay buffer comprised of 50 mM Tris, pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 5 mM CaCl 2  and 0.05% Brij-35. Different concentrations of tested compounds are prepared in assay buffer in 50 μL aliquots. 10 μL of a 50 nM stock solution of the catalytic domain of MMP-12 enzyme (Biomol, Cat. No. SE-138) is added to the compound solution. The mixture of enzyme and compound in assay buffer is thoroughly mixed and incubated for 10 min at room temperature. Upon the completion of incubation, the assay is started by addition of 40 μL of a 12.5 μM stock solution of OmniMMP fluorescent substrate (Biomol, Cat. No. P-126). The time-dependent increase in fluorescence is measured at the 320 nm excitation and 390 nm emission by automatic plate multireader at 37° C. The IC 50  values are calculated from the initial reaction rates. 
     Example 1704 
     Assay for Determining Aggrecanase-1 Inhibition 
     The typical assay for aggrecanase-1 activity is carried out in assay buffer comprised of 50 mM Tris, pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 5 mM CaCl 2  and 0.05% Brij-35. Different concentrations of tested compounds are prepared in assay buffer in 50 μL aliquots. 10 μl of a 75 nM stock solution of aggrecanase-1 (Invitek) is added to the compound solution. The mixture of enzyme and compound in assay buffer is thoroughly mixed. The reaction is started by addition of 40 μL of a 250 nM stock solution of aggrecan-IGD substrate (Invitek) and incubation at 37° C. for exact 15 min. The reaction is stopped by addition of EDTA and the samples are analysed by using aggrecanase ELISA (Invitek, InviLISA, Cat. No. 30510111) according to the protocol of the supplier. Shortly: 100 μL of each proteolytic reaction are incubated in a pre-coated micro plate for 90 min at room temperature. After 3 times washing, antibody-peroxidase conjugate is added for 90 min at room temperature. After 5 times washing, the plate is incubated with TMB solution for 3 min at room temperature. The peroxidase reaction is stopped with sulfurous acid and the absorbance is red at 450 nm. The IC 50  values are calculated from the absorbance signal corresponding to residual aggrecanase activity. 
     Example 1705 
     Assay for Determining Inhibition of MMP-3 Mediated Proteoglycan Degradation 
     The assay for MMP-3 activity is carried out in assay buffer comprised of 50 mM MES, pH 6.0, 10 mM CaCl 2  and 0.05% Brij-35. Articular cartilage is isolated fresh from the first phalanges of adult cows and cut into pieces (˜3 mg). Bovine cartilage is incubated with 50 nM human MMP-3 (Chemikon, cat. # 25020461) in presence or absence of inhibitor for 24 h at 37° C. Sulfated glycosaminoglycan (aggrecan) degradation products (sGAG) are detected in supernatant, using a modification of the colorimetric DMMB (1,9-dimethylmethylene blue dye) assay (Billinghurst et al., 2000, Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism, 43 (3), 664). 10 μL of the samples or standard are added to 190 μL of the dye reagent in microtiter plate wells, and the absorbance is measured at 525 nm immediately. All data points are performed in triplicates. 
     Example 1706 
     Assay for Determining Inhibition of MMP-3 Mediated Pro-Collagenase 3 Activation 
     The assay for MMP-3 mediated activation of pro-collagenase 3 (pro-MMP-13) is carried out in assay buffer comprised of 50 mM MES, pH 6.0, 10 mM CaCl 2  and 0.05% Brij-35 (Nagase;  J. Biol. Chem.  1994 Aug. 19; 269(33):20952-7). 
     Different concentrations of tested compounds are prepared in assay buffer in 5 μL aliquots. 10 μl of a 100 nM stock solution of trypsin-activated (Knäuper V., et al., 1996  J. Biol. Chem.  271 1544-1550) human pro-MMP-3 (Chemicon; CC 1035) is added to the compound solution. To this mixture, 35 μL of a 286 nM stock solution of pro-collagenase 3 (Invitek; 30100803) is added to the mixture of enzyme and compound. The mixture is thoroughly mixed and incubated for 5 h at 37° C. Upon the completion of incubation, 10 μL of the incubation mixture is added to 50 μL assay buffer comprised of 50 mM Tris, pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 5 mM CaCl 2  and 0.05% Brij-35 and the mixture is thoroughly mixed. 
     The assay to determine the MMP-13 activity is started by addition of 40 μL of a 10 μM stock solution of MMP-13 fluorogenic substrate (Calbiochem, Cat. No. 444235) in assay buffer comprised of 50 mM Tris, pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 5 mM CaCl 2  and 0.05% Brij-35 (Knäuper, V., et al., 1996.  J. Biol. Chem.  271, 1544-1550). The time-dependent increase in fluorescence is measured at 320 nm excitation and 390 nm emission by an automatic plate multireader at room temperature. The IC 50  values are calculated from the initial reaction rates.
The present invention relates generally to azabicyclic containing pharmaceutical agents, and in particular, to azabicyclic metalloprotease inhibiting compounds. More particularly, the present invention provides a new class of azabicyclic MMP-3, MMP-8 and/or MMP-13 inhibiting compounds, which exhibit an increased potency and selectivity in relation to currently known MMP-13, MMP-8 and MMP-3 inhibitors.