The present invention is related to the subject matter of the following commonly assigned, co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/535,559 entitled “Third Party Contract Depository for E-Commerce Transactions,” filed concurrently herewith. 
   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Technical Field 
   The present invention relates in general to commercial transactions and in particular to commercial transactions on the Internet. Still more particularly, the present invention relates to a method, system and program for maintaining confidentiality of personal information on the Internet during commercial transactions on the Internet. 
   2. Description of the Related Art 
   Internet commerce or E-commerce, as it is commonly referred to in the industry, is quickly becoming a preferred method of conducting commercial transactions. Many traditional and non-traditional businesses have realized the vast potential of conducting business on the Internet and have established web sites by which potential customers or clients may remotely access their respective information or products. This merging of business with the electronic medium of the Internet has thus resulted in an increase in commercial and personal transactions. 
   E-commerce transactions may be either point-to-point/bipartite (i.e., an individual communicating directly with another individual or a business web site) or multi-point (i.e., many individuals transacting with each other, as in a swap room, or with on-line auctions, for example). Typically, a web server provides the background within which these E-commerce transactions take place. 
   Currently, most E-commerce transactions are bipartite and occur between a merchant and a buyer. The merchant is represented online by a web site located on a web server and accessible via a universal resource locator (URL) or web address. The buyer connects to the Internet via one of several known means of connecting to the Internet and accesses the merchant&#39;s web site. The merchant and the buyer enter into a transaction within the web server, which is recorded in electronic form on the web server as an agreement (or contract). Thus, the contract is typically stored in the web server of the merchant. A buyer may be provided with the opportunity to print the contract prior to terminating the connection to the web site. 
   As in traditional commercial transactions, disputes often arise about the actual terms (price, quantity, freight charges, etc.) of a transaction subsequent to the creation of the contract. In the traditional arena, contracts are typically in written form and at least one party has signed the original contract document verifying its authenticity. The terms, as written in this document are difficult, if not impossible, to manipulate without being noticeable once the signature has been affixed to the page. 
   In the electronic medium of the Internet, electronic documents are generated, which are typically stored on the merchant&#39;s web server and are easily modifiable. The electronic nature of the document allows anyone with access to the web server to modify the terms of the original agreement. There is thus an inherent uncertainty in the validity of electronic documents. It is therefore difficult for the buyer or a third party arbitrator to determine the authenticity of the documents when a dispute arises. 
   Several prior art patents have taught methods for ensuring authenticity of communications/documents on the Internet with the use of digital signatures. U.S. Pat. No. 5,949,876 discloses a system and method for secure transaction management for insuring that information is accessed and utilized only in an authorized way. U.S. Pat. No. 5,850,442 teaches the use of public key infrastructure (i.e., smart token technology) to secure electronic transactions. A third party is utilized to register an application which is held and made accessible to the recipient after signature verification/authentication using a smart token. 
   Both of these patents use a digital signature, which may be provided to both the buyer and merchant. Use of digital signatures, however, has not been adopted widely by the Internet community, particularly due to associated costs and other logistical concerns, such as the complexity involved in creating the digital signatures and revoking lost or compromised digital signatures. 
   Another method, which utilizes a third party, has been proposed by United Parcel Services (UPS) OnLine Courier®. This method essentially allows the delivery of secure e-mail via the UPS as a depository third party. The sender sends a document using UPS OnLine Courier. The document is securely uploaded to the secure UPS OnLine Courier server, which sends an e-mail notification to the recipient that there is a document delivery for him. The recipient uses the URL provided in the e-mail to download the document from the secure UPS OnLine Courier server via a Web browser. As an option, the sender may specify that the recipient may only download the file if he has provided a password to the UPS OnLine Courier server, insuring the sender that only the intended recipient may open the document. 
   Another problem encountered during E-commerce transactions is the loss of or low levels of privacy with respect to distribution of personal information (name, address, email address, etc.) of a buyer. Buyers are usually required to enter personal information into the merchant&#39;s web site when conducting a transaction. E-bay, for example, provides multi-point E-commerce transactions; however, E-bay displays the personal information of each visitor who transacts on the site and does not provide for any anonymity/confidentiality. Occasionally, merchants subject their buyers to unsolicited e-mails (referred to as “junk mail”) or physical mail, which advertise products of the merchant or another entity to which the merchant has forwarded the buyer&#39;s personal information. Also, the buyer may wish to withhold his personal information from the merchant for other reasons. 
   In some instances, a seller may wish to have his personal information kept private. Currently, anyone may access personal information (such as name and address) about the owner of a web site (i.e., find out to whom a web server belongs) by looking up the domain name in one of the several server databases publicly available through issuers of Internet domain names and affiliated groups. 
   Prior art attempts to handle this problem includes U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,692,982 and 5,553,145, which disclose the use of a third (trusted) party to transmit an encrypted message from one party to a second party, whereby the identity of the communicating parties may be kept secret (from the third party). A receipt is sent to the sending party when the communication is received by the receiving party. The method also uses a digital signature where each party has a secret signing key and matching public verification key for sending and accessing the content of the communication. Other related patents include U.S. Pat. No. 5,666,420 which utilizes a third party to communicate if a first attempt to communicate directly fails. Chat rooms allow use of pseudonyms during internet communications but do not extend into the internet-based commercial transactions in the context of exchange of financial information. 
   None of the prior art methods discloses an efficient and globally applicable method for ensuring the confidentiality of personal information of parties to an E-commerce transaction. The present invention thus recognizes that it would be desirable to provide a method and system for providing this functionality (i.e., maintaining confidentiality of personal information during E-commerce transactions) in an efficient and globally applicable manner. A method and system by which a person&#39;s personal information is preserved away from the other party in an E-commerce transaction would be a welcomed improvement. These and other benefits are provided in the present invention. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   A method, system and program for maintaining confidentiality of personal information during E-commerce transactions is disclosed: The method, means and program instruction comprise the steps of: (1) compiling within a depository a profile of personal information of at least a first buying party to an E-commerce transaction; (2) providing said first buying party with a unique identifier (ID) linked to the profile for use during subsequent E-commerce transactions; and (3) in response to the first buying party providing the identifier to a second party, completing said transaction without said second party receiving any of said personal information. 
   The completing step involves initiating program code within the merchant party&#39;s web server, wherein the program code utilizes the ID to locate and interact with the depository via, for example, Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). The buying party may be provided with the option of selecting within the merchant party&#39;s web server whether or not he wishes to provide his personal information directly to the merchant party or use his ID and the depository. 
   The above as well as additional objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent in the following detailed written description. 


   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The novel features believed characteristic of the invention are set forth in the appended claims. The invention itself however, as well as a preferred mode of use, further objects and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description of an illustrative embodiment when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
       FIG. 1  depicts a data processing system, in which a preferred embodiment of the present invention may be implemented; 
       FIG. 2  is a high-level block diagram of a distributed data network in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 3  is a high-level block diagram illustrating a client-server-depository network structure in accordance with one preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 4  is a high level logical flow chart depicting the process of a preferred implementation of the present invention; 
       FIG. 5A  is a high-level block diagram illustrating a client-server-depository network structure, which ensures privacy of buyers in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 5B  is a high-level block diagram illustrating a client-server-depository network structure, which ensures privacy of buyers during purchase of an electronic product in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 6A  is a high level logical flow chart depicting the process of ensuring privacy of buyers in accordance with a preferred implementation of the present invention; and 
       FIG. 6B  is a high level logical flow chart depicting the process of ensuring privacy of buyers for electronic products in accordance with a preferred implementation of the present invention; 
       FIGS. 7A and 7B  illustrates two methods of ensuring privacy of both parties to a transaction in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIGS. 8A and 8B  depict the client graphical user interface during an E-commerce transaction in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; and 
       FIG. 8C  depicts the client graphical user interface during an E-commerce transaction where privacy of the buyer is maintained in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
   


   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
   The present invention is directed to a method, system and program for maintaining privacy of personal information during E-commerce transactions. The invention is described with reference to a commercial transaction involving a merchant and a buyer. Use of these terms are not meant to be restrictive on the invention as other types of commercial and non-commercial transactions, which may occur on the Internet between two parties and result in the generation of an electronic document, are contemplated. For the purposes of this invention, the term merchant, seller and web site or web server are utilized interchangeably to refer to one party to a transaction, whether an individual or a corporation, who has an accessible site on the Internet at which another party may enter into a transaction. Buyer or client refers to the other party to a transaction. The term document as utilized herein may refer to a simple sales receipt or a more complex contract or agreement. Finally, all communication and transactions occur within the electronic medium (i.e., Internet) unless stated otherwise. 
   With reference now to the figures and in particular with reference to  FIG. 1 , a data processing system that may be utilized as a buyer&#39;s terminal or server on the Internet is presented. Data processing system  20  comprises a Central Processing Unit (CPU) housed in a system unit  22 . System unit  22  also provides connections for various hardware components including disk drives  40 , and memory devices (not shown). Stored within memory devices are the operating system (OS)  24  and software applications  26  by which many of the processes of the invention are implemented as will become clear later. Several peripheral input/output devices are connected to the CPU. These input/output devices include keyboard  82 , mouse  84 , printer  94 , CD-ROM  78 , and display monitor  30 . Display monitor  30  provides a graphical user interface (GUI) which allows a user to view and interact with software applications  26  stored in system memory or provided via a network, by displaying icons or other selectable mechanisms with which the user may interact. 
   Also coupled to CPU are various devices, including modem  92 , and network adapter  90 , utilized for connecting data processing system  20  to other systems and/or networks, such as is illustrated in  FIG. 2 . CD-ROM  78 , modem  92 , and network adapter  90  are depicted as external components; however those skilled in the art are familiar with the various structures of data processing system architecture and understand that these components may be housed inside of system unit  22 . 
   Modem  92  is a communication device that enables a computer to transmit information over standard telephone lines or wireless connections such as cellular. Modem  92  converts digital computer signals to interlock signals suitable for communications over these telephone media. Modem  92  can be utilized to connect data processing system  20  to a web server via remote access protocols. Modem  92  may also provide a connection to other sources, such as an electronic bulletin board (BBS) or the World Wide Web. 
   Referring now to  FIG. 2 , there is depicted a basic representation of a distributed data network, such as the Internet. Internet  203  is depicted as a network cloud with connections to userPC  201  (i.e. the buyer&#39;s terminal), merchant web server  205 , and depository  207 . Web server  205  is typically a data processing system having a database, OS, and server software. UserPC  201  is also typically a data processing system with OS and web browser software stored locally in memory for accessing sites on Internet  203 . UserPC  201  is utilized by a buyer to access Internet  203  and conduct transactions with web server  205 . Each node at which a connection to Internet  203  is made has a corresponding Internet Protocol (IP) address and universal resource location (URL). Communication within the Internet may be handled via Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) or other transfer protocol, which allows information to be transmitted to and from addresses assigned to each node. Use of URLs, for example, are common in modern networks. For example, web server  205  is made accessible to the users of the Internet via a web address, www.merchant.com  206 . Depository  207  also has a corresponding URL, www.depository.com  208 . Those skilled in the art appreciate that Internet  203  as illustrated herein may in fact be represented as an even more complex network of servers and with multiple buyers simultaneously accessing these servers to conduct E-commerce transactions. 
   A. Ensuring Integrity of Transactions 
   In a preferred embodiment, depository  207  is a data processing system having a data warehouse (e.g., hard drive) designed to store multiple documents  209  and provide later access to these documents  209 . The hard drive is controlled with program code which includes a file protection subroutine. The file protection subroutine provides a write-once, read-many access permission to the hard drive. Thus, millions of documents  209  generated during commercial transactions on Internet  203  may be initially written to the hard drive. Once the document  209  has been stored, it is made accessible to the transacting parties only for the purpose of reading the content. A single readable copy remains resident on the hard drive and a copy may be provided to the party who requests to view the document  209 . Although not illustrated, depository  207  may also be equipped with input mechanisms and visual output mechanism, such as a monitor, by which a depository administrator may manage the hard drive. 
   One preferred embodiment of the invention ensures that an E-commerce contract between buyer and seller remains unaltered after the agreement. The invention provides an electronic depository for depositing the contract after it has been created. Thus, at the conclusion of the E-commerce transaction, the contract is deposited in a third party depository via the Internet. The contract depository vouchsafes that the parties to the contract agreed to the terms of the contract. Further, the contract document cannot be modified unilaterally because the depository is designed to not allow such alterations as described above. In case of later disputes the buyer, seller, arbitrator or judge can review the contract easily by accessing the third party depository over the Internet utilizing an assigned document identifier. 
   Transmittal of the contract to a depository occurs as a result of a prior selection by the seller or buyer to utilize the depository during all E-commerce transactions. In one embodiment, the depository is an independent service made available to E-commerce servers (and/or clients). The E-commerce server subscribes to the depository, and the E-commerce server&#39;s program code which handles its transactions is modified. This modification allows it to instantaneously link to the depository and transmit a document to the depository when a transaction is completed. Thus, all electronic documents generated during E-commerce transactions made on the E-commerce server are instantaneously forwarded to the depository. Alternatively, the depository may be made available for subscription by the clients who wish to protect their transactions. 
   The depository may be managed by a system manager. Stored documents may be time-limited (i.e., stored for only a given period of time, such as 6 months.). Each stored document is provided with a reference number or identifier (ID) by which the client and/or merchant may later access and view the document. 
   Turning now to  FIG. 3 , there is illustrated a different representation of a client-sever-depository configuration according to a preferred embodiment. E-commerce server  301  represents the merchant in this description. E-commerce server  301  communicates with E-commerce client (buyer)  303  via a connection over the Internet (not shown). Both components are in turn capable of communicating with depository  305 . 
     FIGS. 8A and 8B  are graphical representations of a web browser utilized by a buyer during an E-commerce transaction described with reference to  FIG. 4 , according to one embodiment of the invention. Web browser  800  is created with software code stored on the local client system and includes program subroutines for enabling a split screen representation as illustrated. First frame  803 A is the buyer&#39;s connecting portal to the web site of the E-commerce server. As shown in  FIG. 4 , the transaction process begins at block  401  usually when the buyer connects to the E-commerce server. The buyer views the seller&#39;s merchandise/products in first frame  803 A at block  403  and enters into a transaction for the purchase of a selected item at block  405 , by interacting with E-commerce server (i.e., making selections of items displayed, etc.) in first frame  803 A. Second frame  805 A is the buyer&#39;s portal to the depository. In the preferred embodiment, when the buyer completes his transaction on first frame  803 A and selects the completion button  807  on first frame  803 A, the transaction request is sent to the E-commerce server. The server then returns a modified first frame  803 B, at block  407 , in which the transaction information is presented for buyer acceptance as shown in  FIG. 8B . At block  409 , the buyer selects the accept button  808  in modified first frame  803 B and relevant information concerning the transaction is simultaneously transmitted to the depository at block  411  and mirrored in modified second frame  805 B. By this method, the agreement is recorded as soon as the transaction is completed. The process of  FIG. 4  then ends at block  413  and the modified first frame  803 B returns to the beginning of the transaction page for a new transaction. 
   In a person to person transaction, both parties may have similar split-screens, so that the saved agreement is available to both parties for viewing while the transaction is being completed. The reference document number/ID is instantaneously assigned and transmitted to both parties when a document is received for storage as illustrated in second frame  805 B of  FIG. 8B . In most application of the invention, the transactions will not be person to person as the server side transactions are generally automatic (i.e., processor controlled and transacted). 
   B. Privacy of Persons Entering into E-Commerce Transactions 
   In another embodiment, the third party contract depository described above is adapted to provide enhanced privacy and security during E-commerce transactions. The depository executes registration code that stores personal “information”, including financial information, and provides each subscriber with a transaction ID (TID) and password. The TID is utilized by the subscriber to enter transactions over the Internet without revealing his/her personal information. The depository further executes transaction code by which the E-commerce transactions are completed. Limited access to the personal information is provided to the subscriber by the assigned password; however, no access is provided to the second party to a transaction except for payment information such as a credit card number. In one embodiment, the depository is controlled by the credit card company utilized in the transactions. 
   In traditional E-commerce transactions, products are typically sent from the merchant to the buyer using independent commercial shipping agencies (shippers) such as the United States Postal Service, United Parcel Service (UPS), Federal Express, etc. For example, many companies, which transact on-line, utilize UPS to ship their products. UPS sends its trucks to the company&#39;s physical site and picks up the products. Unlike the traditional pick-up method, where the product is labeled with the buyer&#39;s name and address, a security routing ID (SRID) is utilized in the invention. UPS is provided with a security routing ID along with the name and address of the buyer, which it places on the packages based on the SRID. In this manner, the buyer&#39;s personal information (e.g., name and address) is only placed on the product once it has reached the shipper, and the seller is never provided with this personal information. 
   Referring now to  FIG. 5A , a block diagram representation of a second preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated wherein privacy of a buyer is maintained during a commercial transaction. E-Commerce client  503  is linked via the Internet to E-commerce server  501 . Connecting arrows  502  indicate the direction of flow of information during an E-commerce transaction. Both E-commerce client  503  and E-commerce server  501  are linked to depository (database)  505 . Depository  505  is in turn linked to a shipper  507 , who is responsible for shipping the products sold by E-commerce server  501  to E-commerce client  503 . Shipper  507  delivers the products purchased during an E-commerce transaction to physical address  509  of E-commerce client  503  via physical delivery route  508 . 
   In another embodiment, illustrated in  FIG. 5B , an electronic product (such as downloadable software or e-books) is purchased by E-commerce client  503 . The physical delivery route  508  and physical address  509  of  FIG. 5A  may not be required. Instead, connection via the Internet with the buyer&#39;s electronic (e.g., e-mail) address  504  is utilized, or alternatively, direct download to a storage location of a buyer&#39;s computer system is utilized. In  FIGS. 5A , and  5 B, the numbers on the arrows show the progression of the entire transaction as discussed in  FIGS. 6A and 6B  below. 
     FIG. 6A  illustrates the process by which personal information required to complete a commercial transaction is provided only to a third party (i.e., not the merchant). The process begins at block  601 . Prior to the transaction, the buyer&#39;s personal information is stored in the depository and the buyer is issued a transaction identifier (TID) at block  603 . The buyer then accesses the merchant&#39;s web site and begins the transaction at block  605 . During the transaction, the buyer selects the method by which he wishes to identify himself, (i.e., the buyer may wish to enter all his personal information into the web site if he is not concerned with privacy and/or security or he may choose to provide only his TID if he is concerned with privacy or security). Entering of personal information tends to be time consuming and regular on-line shoppers may utilize the functionality of the invention to reduce transaction time. In the preferred method of the invention, the buyer identifies himself to the seller only by his TID at block  607 . When the transaction is completed, the E-commerce server forwards the buyer&#39;s TID to the depository at block  609 . A check is made for the TID within the depository at block  611 . If the TID is found (i.e., valid), then the transaction is approved and the buyer is sent an email or other message notifying him that his TID has been utilized at block  617 . The E-commerce server is sent the SRID number and payment (e.g., credit card number) by the depository. The depository then forwards the buyer&#39;s personal information (i.e., physical address, etc.) along with the sellers information and SRID to the shipper at block  619 . The E-commerce server alerts its warehouse/shipping personnel to prepare the product for pick-up by the shipper based on the SRID number. The SRID number is therefore provided to all parties involved (i.e., the buyer, web server, shipper and depository) to identify the transaction and related product. The process then ends at block  621 . 
   If the TID is not found within the depository at block  611 , the web server is notified at block  613 . The web server then declines the transaction until a correct TID is provided or the buyer provides the information required in some other way at block  615 . The process then ends at block  621 . 
   Although the process has been outlined utilizing the above process blocks, those skilled in the art will appreciate that other process blocks could have been included within the scope of the invention and those depicted are for illustration only. For example, process block  619  may be followed by a process block at which the shipper transmits the product (electronically or physically) to the buyer before the process ends. Also, another process block may have been included in which the depository optionally contacts, via instant messaging, the buyer to obtain verification of the transaction from the buyer. 
   The above process is now revisited for transactions involving electronic products (i.e., not physical products that have to be physically shipped) and with reference the  FIGS. 5B and 6B . The process begins at block  650 . The buyer places an order for an electronic product (E-product (e.g., an E-book or software)) at block  651 . Once the order is placed, an order number and price is assigned to the transaction at block  653 . The communication application of the buyer&#39;s computer system then automatically transmits the order number and price to the third party depository at block  655 . Upon receiving the transaction information, the third party depository sends the payment amount to the E-commerce server along with the order number at block  657 . The E-commerce server transmits the E-product to the third party depository at block  659 . Finally, the third party depository transmits the E-product to the buyer at block  661 . The process then ends at block  663 . The order number is attached to each of the above electronic transmittals to track the buyer and respective seller. In one embodiment, the order number has a seller&#39;s identifying information so that it is easily found in a database lookup at the depository. 
   In an alternative embodiment, the server may directly send the electronic product to the buyer once payment is received at block  657 ; however this permits the seller to have the buyer&#39;s email address, which may not be desired. 
     FIG. 8C  illustrates a graphical user interface (web browser) within which a user may complete an anonymous E-commerce transaction. The layout of  FIG. 8C  has been described above with reference to  FIGS. 8A and 8B . Also illustrated in  FIG. 8A  is a buyer information box  804  in which a buyer may elect to enter his TID number to preserve his anonymity or alternatively to enter his personal information. Once a TID number is entered, the process of utilizing the depository to complete the transaction is initiated. In  FIG. 8C , first frame  803 C has a transaction completion page displayed in which a buyer&#39;s TID is shown as having been entered. Second frame  805 C illustrates transaction information at the depository based on a transfer of an electronic product from seller to depository utilizing the SRID number and buyer&#39;s TID number. 
   A more specific example is now presented. In this example, third party depository is controlled by a credit card company. The credit card company provides the service of managing the delivery of purchased products from an E-commerce transaction concluded with the buyer&#39;s issued credit card number and the TID. The buyer provides the credit card company with his e-mail address and/or physical mailing address when he obtains the credit card and corresponding card number. When the buyer buys from an electronic merchant, he provides the merchant with only his TID number. In case of a purchase of an electronic product, the merchant sends the electronic product with the TID number to the credit card company and the credit card company forwards the electronic content to the buyer and the required payment to the merchant. 
   In case of physical delivery of merchandise to a physical address, the merchant sends to the credit card company (1) the TID number, (2) the corresponding SRID number (which could be the same as the credit card transaction authorization confirmation number received from the credit card company), and (3) the name of the shipping agent. The credit card company links the address field for the buyer and the corresponding SRID number and forward these to the shipping agent. 
   The merchant provides the SRID number on the package to be delivered, and the shipping agent attaches the physical address obtained from the credit card company. Hence, the seller is never provided with the buyer&#39;s shipping address (or name), thereby ensuring anonymity. This process also ensures that the package is shipped only to the buyer&#39;s shipping address provided to the credit card company, which allows for added security. Accordingly, privacy of the buyer is substantially improved and/or maintained with the exception of his credit card number. Security is enhanced as the credit card issuer can ensure that the product is delivered to the appropriate person and the appropriate physical or electronic address. 
   An extension of the above embodiment operates to provide a 2-party anonymous transaction (i.e., both parties maintain confidentiality). In  FIG. 7A , client A  701  and client Z  703  are each assigned a unique TID, X and Y, respectively. The unique TID is linked within the depository  705  to the user&#39;s name, e-mail address, physical address and credit card number. Depository  705  is utilized as a transaction proxy. Client A  701  advertises merchandise on depository  705  with his TID. Client Z  703  substantially may access the depository  705  and purchase the merchandise utilizing his TID. The depository  705  forwards the payment to client A  701  and ships the product to client Z  703 . 
     FIG. 7B  illustrates the use of the third party depository  709  as a proxy server. Use of the third party depository  709  as a proxy server operates to protect the personal information of both the seller web server, client A  707  as well as the buyer, client Z  711 . Thus each party is assigned a pseudonym or TID and transact through the depository via the pseudonyms. In this way, client z  711  does not have access to the name and address of the owner of the server  707  via the server databases established by Network Solutions, for example. 
   Some of the advantages of the use of a third party depository include:
     1. The use of a depository is much more understandable to unsophisticated users as it does not involve digital signatures, which are complex and prone to fraud;   2. The use of a depository eliminates the associated overhead and recurring yearly costs of certifying digital signatures, which is high for individual buyers;   3. Storage of a contract in a third party depository (particularly if it is for a few months for a merchandise purchase) is very cheap as disk space is inexpensive; and   4. In contested transactions, a single sheet agreement on terms and price that is maintained in a third party depository is very beneficial in establishing the true terms of the agreement.   

   It is important to note that while the present invention has been described in the context of a fully functional data processing system, those skilled in the art will appreciate that certain elements of the method of the present invention are capable of being distributed in the form of a computer readable medium of instructions in a variety of forms, and that the present invention applies equally, regardless of the particular type of signal bearing media utilized to actually carry out the distribution. Examples of computer readable media include: nonvolatile, hard-coded type media such as Read Only Memories (ROMs) or Erasable, Electrically Programmable Read Only Memories (EEPROMs), recordable type media such as floppy disks, hard disk drives and CD-ROMs, and transmission type media such as digital and analog communication links. 
   While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, although the invention has been explained with reference to protecting the personal information of the buying party, it is conceivable that the invention may be applied to transactions where the selling party desires his personal information be protected.
A method, system and program for maintaining confidentiality of personal information during E-commerce transactions. The method, means and program function include: (1) compiling a profile of personal information within a depository for at least the buying party to an E-commerce transaction; (2) providing the buying party with a unique identifier linked to his profile for use during subsequent E-commerce transactions; and (3) in response to the buying party providing the identifier to a merchant, completing the E-commerce transaction at the depository without providing any of the buyer's personal information to the merchant.