BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0001]     1. Field of the Invention  
         [0002]     The present Invention relates to biometric user authentication devices. More particularly, the Invention relates to controlling access to: (a) financial transactions (credit, debit, or other payment applications); and/or (b) physical access transactions (doors, locks, etc.); and/or (c) “logical access transactions” (computers, PCs, etc.); and/or other applications benefited by biometric user identification.  
         [0003]     More particularly, the Invention relates to a “removably-attachable” device—e.g., a clip-on, strap on, buckle-on, bend-on, etc., apparatus—that&#39;s attachable to a band or a strap of a wristwatch (or other attachment surface). The apparatus relates to a device with a self-contained biometric authentication capability, plus, contactless radio frequency transmission capability. The biometric user authentication capability prevents initiation of transactions and/or initiation of access requests by anyone other than the authenticated, enrolled user whose fingerprint can be authenticated.  
         [0004]     2. Related Art  
         [0005]     There appears to be no directly related art. Although a variety of biometric authentication devices are well known in the art, there appears to be no invention similar to the present invention.  
       NECESSITY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0006]     “Contactless” electronic commerce devices often require a person to locate—then remove—an authenticator, key fob or other radio-frequency electronic token from pocket (or purse, or attaché case, etc.) in order to make a financial transaction.  
         [0007]     Accessing and handling a biometric user authentication device that&#39;s attached onto the wrist (e.g., onto a watchband, bracelet, swatch) or attached onto any other directly-proximate attachment surface (e.g., a belt, a belt-loop, an epaulet or other flap, etc.) is sometimes much quicker, more convenient, and more ergonomic than searching for and/or retrieving other access devices (smart cards, key fobs, etc.) authenticators from a pocket or purse.  
         [0008]     Accordingly, there is a need in the art for an invention that provides an apparatus, method, and a system for improving and simplifying user control of, deployment of, and usage of their biometric user authentication device, while increasing ergonomics and convenience to the user. Although there are many biometric devices in the art, there appears to be no device that provides diverse “attachable” deployment options directly proximate to the user, without the user having to resort to “retrieval” efforts.  
       OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION  
       [0009]     Accordingly, it is a primary object of the invention, to provide a biometrically enabled apparatus which is attachable (e.g., clipped-on, strapped-on, snapped-on, etc.) to any attachment surface (typically, a watchband) or other convenient personal item.  
         [0010]     It is a related object, to provide a biometrically enabled apparatus for controlling user access to controlled resources—e.g., to prospective financial transaction(s), physical access, logical access, etc. In the case of (e.g.) financial transactions made at ATM machines after biometric authentication, the apparatus generates, sends, and receives messages in financial transactions-oriented message formats, then closes the transaction by wirelessly executing an “ATM money withdrawal agreement”.  
         [0011]     It is a related object, to provide a “removably attachable” biometrically enabled user authentication device equipped with one or more of a fingerprint sensor, an iris sensor, another biometric sensor (or other non-biometric user authentication mechanism) which is easily attached to (and easily removed from) a watch band (or other convenient “attachment surface” that&#39;s directly proximate or essentially proximate to the user).  
         [0012]     Another related object—after the user is authenticated as being the authorized account holder—is to provide a device which cryptographically protects transactions transmitted by radio between the removably attachable user authentication apparatus and a verification transceiver/reader coupled to (e.g.) point of sale equipment associated with making one or more transaction(s).  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0013]     The present invention provides a payment mechanism and/or access control mechanism that only requires the person making the payment transaction—and/or seeking access to a controlled resource—to press a fingerprint sensor button on a biometric user authentication apparatus. The present invention is conveniently and ergonomically “attached” (by clipping on, or strapping on, or belting on, or snapping-on, etc.) to a watchband or other user-proximate “attachment surface”. This allows the user to first authenticate their identity—then wirelessly communicate and interact with a verification/reader—then (e.g.) subsequently verify and accept the sale (in the case of a prospective financial transaction).  
         [0014]     Watchbands are an ideal “attachment surface” target for the apparatus of the present invention (although attachment surface targets are not limited to watchbands). More particularly, some watches have been outfitted with radio frequency transmitters or transceivers that can communicate with point of sale (POS) terminals to initiate and/or authenticate transactions—however—they depend upon the wearer of the watch being the authorized account holder. If a “bearer device”—such as a watch-based authentication device—is lost or stolen, it presents a risk because a watch thief can make transactions by using the watch (at least until the account has been closed). Fraudulent transactions that are made in this way are either charged to the account holder or to the bank, depending upon the governing credit agreement. Even in cases where the loss is charged to the bank, the aggregate amounts are covered by increasing monthly fees to merchants and account holders.  
         [0015]     One primary feature of the invention is its&#39; attachability. There are many different ways the invention can be “removably attached” onto a surface directly proximate to a user that is immediately at hand to the user. While the watchband is often optimal for many users, other typical attachment surfaces are belt-loops, so-called “epaulets” (flaps on clothing), button holes, etc. Also the attachment means can be Velcro™ straps; bungee type straps; snap-together straps; belt-type straps; etc.  
         [0016]     The present invention also contributes to increasing security, because it facilitates keeping the biometric user authentication device within the instant possession of the wearer and under the wearer&#39;s control as opposed, for example, to being lost in the depths of a handbag, a purse, an attaché case or other carrying device.  
         [0017]     The “first apparatus” of present invention is a clip-on user-authentication apparatus which is typically attached onto the strap of a wristwatch (or the like). Primary components of the first apparatus: (1) a clip-on attaching subsystem such as a Velcro™ strap or other attaching means; and (2) a mobile, integrated biometric authentication subsystem module. The strap is user-adjustable and is adjusted to securely affix the first apparatus to a “target” wristwatch strap (or any accessible, “attachment surface” which is easily and directly proximate to the user). The module is inserted and/or affixed onto the attaching subsystem, generally into an insertion aperture especially dimensioned to receive the module. The module is easily inserted and/or affixed into the attaching strap means, due to mounting flanges which protrude outboard of the module.  
         [0018]     In further summary of the ergonomics and convenience of the invention, it can be widely observed that many people wear wrist watches and/or other electronic and non-electronic personal “auxiliaries” on their left and/or right wrist(s). While wristwatch straps are among the most optimal “target devices” for the present invention, other wrist-worn personal articles can work fine, as well. Other convenient, “directly proximate” attachment surfaces provide many other suitable surface(s) for affixing the “first apparatus”—(the integrated biometric authentication module subsystem and attaching subsystem of the present invention)—thereto.  
         [0019]     The mobile, integrated biometric authentication subsystem module is generally designed, configured and implemented as an autonomous, wireless transceiver which transmits “biometric authentication successful” data messages to a destination transceiver monitoring for data message evidence of successful biometric authentication.  
         [0020]     The method of the invention is a protocol for securely communicating “successful biometric authentication” data messages from this first apparatus, to a “second apparatus”, e.g., a verification transceiver/reader (“the second apparatus”) which grants or denies a biometrically-authenticated user&#39;s access to a proposed transaction, and/or grants access to controlled resource(s), controlled facilities, etc. The second apparatus of the invention (the verification transceiver) is an “access governance” device that monitors controlled access location(s) and/or any other controlled (e.g., financial, physical access, etc.) transaction.  
         [0021]     The system of the invention combines the first and the second apparatuses and the method, plus embedded software in both apparatuses to enable and effectuate access for biometrically-authenticated users.  
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
     Brief Description of Figures and Reference Numerals 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES  
       [0022]      FIG. 1 , Biometric “Vicinity Authenticator” (Clip-on) Module, attached to a wristwatch band  
         [0023]      FIG. 2 , System: User; Authenticator Module (clipped on); Wireless Signal; Signal Reader  
         [0024]      FIG. 3 , General Components of Biometric Vicinity Authenticator Module  
         [0025]      FIG. 4 , Overview of Circuit Components of Biometric Vicinity Authenticator (Clip-on) Module  
         [0026]      FIG. 5 , Mounting a removably-attachable Biometric Module to a mounting frame that is attachable to a watchband by Bent Clips or by a Velcro Strap  
         [0027]      FIG. 6 , Example of Wireless Communication Steps to Carry Out a Secure Transaction 
     
    
     REFERENCE NUMERALS  
       [0000]    
       
           102  Hand and index inger, with enrolled fingerprint placed onto sensor  
           104  Wristwatch with watch strap or wrist band (or other attachment surface)  
           106  Biometric Vicinity Authenticator Module (front view,  FIG. 3 ; edge view,  FIG. 5 )  
           110  Wireless radio data message from module  106  to verification/reader  112   
           112  Verification/Reader, including radio transceiver and computer interface  
           114  Data path from verifireader to transaction terminal  
           116  Display unit of a transaction terminal  
           120  Transaction terminal  
           202  Substrate for mounting electronic components of module  106   
           204  Fingerprint sensor  
           206  Processor to perform on-device biometrics and secure communications  
           208  Optional LED light and noise generator to indicate successful authentication  
           210  Radio transceiver and antenna  
           220  Clip-on attaching subsystem frame with bendable tabs  
           222  Strap-on attaching subsystem frame with Velcro™ strap  
           224  Watchband  104  shown in cross section  
           402  Battery  
           404  Power supply  
           406  Optional sound generator, to indicate successful authentication  
           408  Optional LED light to indicate successful authentication  
       
     
         [0048]      FIG. 1  shows “removably-attachable” biometric “vicinity authenticator” module  106 , mounted (using bendable “clip-on” tabs, Velcro™ straps, etc) onto a typical wristwatch band  104  (or other suitable attachment surface). More generally, the biometric vicinity authenticator module  106  is attached onto any convenient “attachment surface” easily reached by the user&#39;s finger(s) to very quickly authenticate themselves upon demand—using one or more of the user&#39;s enrolled fingerprint(s).  
         [0049]      FIG. 2  shows an overview of the system of the invention. A user presents their hand and finger  102  for authentication by the fingerprint sensor embedded into removably-attachable biometric authentication module  106  (which is strapped onto a wristwatch band  104 ). NB: The integrated module  106  is also referred to as the “first apparatus” of the invention. The authenticated user—after successful completion of biometric (e.g., fingerprint) authentication—and while using module  106 —generates and wirelessly transmits a “successful biometric authentication completion” data message  110  to the “second apparatus” of the invention, the verification transceiver/reader  112 . The reader  112  is essentially an “access governance apparatus” for limiting and controlling user access to one or more controllable resources. In this case, the data path  114  connects the verification transceiver/reader  112  to one or more controlled resources—e.g., in this case, computer  120 —to which the user seeks access. After the user biometrically authenticates, and the module  106  transmits the data message  110 , the transceiver/reader  112  receives and verifies that then message  110  is genuine. If the transceiver/reader  112  verifies message  110 , then the user is granted access to computer  120 . In the case illustrated, the results of the user&#39;s biometric authentication (the sending of the successful biometric authentication completion message) and the verification by the transceiver/reader  112  (that message  110  is genuine and that the user is granted access) can be displayed by the computer  120  visually on display  116  and/or audibly by the computer&#39;s sound generator.  
         [0050]     After the user successfully completes biometric authentication, radio communications capabilities are enabled long enough to send a “successful biometric authentication completion message” from module  106  to verification transceiver/reader  112 , plus the enabled radio link may communicate one or more additional messages to complete a prospective transaction (e.g., permit access to a computer or facility). (See also  FIG. 6 , showing a financial transaction such as a purchase transaction). In general, module  106  is only enabled by an enrolled, authorized user presenting one or more “biometric credentials”, e.g., their enrolled fingerprint(s) onto fingerprint sensor  204 . This basic technique is well-known in the art of biometric fingerprint authentication (e.g. such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,582,985 to Lofberg), i.e., if the presented fingerprint is authenticated and verified as an enrolled fingerprint, sensor  204  generates and sends an actuating (enabling) signal (signifying “successful biometric authentication completed”) to processor  206 , thereby enabling all implemented module  106  functions.  
         [0051]     Referring now to  FIG. 3 , an external overview of the biometric authentication subsystem module  106  of the present invention is shown. The module  106  as a whole is implemented onto and/or into a suitable enclosure and/or substrate  202 . Module  106  performs fingerprint authentication (data processing, memory storage/retrieval, and other inherent functions) by means of its&#39; embedded integral data processor  206  operating in conjunction with fingerprint sensor  204 . Also shown are light emitting diode  208  and radio transceiver and antenna  210 . Alternatively (variously, depending on configuration, implementation, and need) one or more processors could be implemented in the same common data processor (e.g., as described by U.S. Pat. No. 6,474,558 to Reiner, described herein).  
         [0052]      FIG. 4  shows an overview of a typical electronic circuit of the biometric user authenticator module  106  of the present invention. The authenticator module  106  is also known as the “biometric authentication subsystem module”. A data processor  206  including a memory is coupled into a biometric authentication sensor such as a fingerprint sensor  204  (shown), an iris sensor (not shown), other types of biometric sensor (not shown), or other non-biometric sensor (not shown). The processor  206  is also optionally coupled (when implemented) to either a light emitting diode  408  (shown) and/or coupled to an acoustic generator  406  (shown) which allows the biometric vicinity authenticator module  106  to produce an audible acoustic “successful biometric authentication completion” cue and/or a visual lit LED cue, that a prospective user has successfully biometrically authenticated. Further, it may be assumed that after the user has successfully authenticated and one or more acoustic and/or visual completion cues are present, then the “successful biometric authentication completion” data message  110  will be transmitted out from module  106 . The means for generating the radio-transmitted completion message  110  include the processor and its&#39; memory. The means for transmitting the generated data message  110  are the radio transceiver and antenna  210 . Optionally, the transmission of completion message  110  can be cryptographically protected by encryption.  
         [0053]     Electrical power for operating all the electronics of module  106  is a power source; in this case, the power source is a battery  402  coupled to a power supply  404 . Typically, the module  106  contains all the electronics needed to electronically enable the present invention. On the exterior of the module  106 , typically flanges or other external supporting structure are included and protrude outside of module carrier comprising the enclosure. Such flanges (not shown) or other support structure(s) assist in balancing, affixing, and inserting the module  106  into an insertion aperture or module mounting location within the attaching subsystem. The integrated first apparatus of the invention comprises (1) the attaching subsystem which (2) generally embeds the biometric authentication subsystem module  106  thereinto (i.e., into the straps, clip-ons, buckles, etc., used for attaching and removing the removably attachable invention onto and off of an attachment surface.  
         [0054]      FIG. 5  shows two different versions (of the many attachment versions possible) of the attaching subsystem  224  of the invention. Substrate  202  comprises a substrate including module  106 , which together are mounted into an insertion aperture or module “mounting area” in attaching subsystem  224 . On the left side of  FIG. 5 , bendable tabs or clip-ons  220  provide attaching subsystem  224 . On the right side of  FIG. 5 , Velcro™ straps provide attaching subsystem  224 , which can easily be attached onto a watchband strap or other suitable attachment surface, and then removed at any time. Hence, these versions of attaching subsystem  224  (and others) are observed as enabled to be “removably attachable”; therefore, one way we refer to the first apparatus of present invention herein, is “the removably attachable biometric vicinity authenticator apparatus”.  
         [0055]     Additionally, the integrated first apparatus of the invention—including authentication subsystem module and the attaching subsystem—can be referred to as a “biometric vicinity authenticator apparatus”, because it can be easily attached and removed from any appropriate “target” attachment surface proximate to the user, which in turn, allows the user to very quickly authenticate themselves to the module  106 .  
         [0056]     It must also be noted that other attaching subsystem appurtenances can be used for removably attaching the first apparatus of the present invention to any appropriate-sized attachment surface that&#39;s adequately proximate to the user that can be quickly accessed for authentication (e.g.: a “bungee cord” or strap; a shoelaces-type strap; a tie-wrap style strap; a buckle type strap; a belt; a swatch-style strap; a snap; etc.).  
         [0057]      FIG. 6  shows one typical interaction between the “first apparatus” of the invention (the removably-attachable biometric vicinity authenticator module  106 ) and the “second apparatus” of the invention (the verification/reader  112 ). The transaction depicts a purchase by a user, at a verification/reader apparatus, beginning in  FIG. 6A , wherein the user first authenticates themselves to the integrated module  106  (which in this reference case, is attached onto watchband  104 ). Having successfully completed biometric authentication, module  106  generates and transmits a “successful biometric authentication completion” data message  110  to the verification transceiver/reader  112  (not shown). Assuming biometric authentication is complete,  FIG. 6A  shows the general message format of a “Purchase Request Header”, sent by module  106  of the user&#39;s biometric authenticator apparatus (the “first apparatus”), to the verification transceiver/reader  112  (the “second apparatus”).  FIG. 6B  shows an Invoice Header sent by the verification transceiver reader  112 , back to module  106 .  FIG. 6C  shows an Acknowledgment Header send by the module  106 , back to the reader  112 . This is a quick summary of an purchase transaction. Wireless transactions of many types are possible with the present invention, not just ATM transactions or purchase transactions. It should be noted, that disclosures herein are only basic examples of customizability and the capabilities of this invention. It can be readily understood that diverse other equipment configurations and other operational scenarios can be implemented. It is also important to note, when a verification transceiver/reader such as reader  112  has a biometric authentication capability, it may not be necessary to biometrically authenticate using the apparatus of the present invention at each access point; however, in such a case, it may additionally be necessary to configure the verification transceiver reader to send a command to the present invention to enable the radio functions, but only after the prospective user has been successfully biometrically authenticated. It must also be noted, that those skilled in the art will be able to read the disclosures taught herein and contemplate other applications of the present invention and other configurations of the present invention which, while not explicitly disclosed herein, are effectively and implicitly disclosed herein. Accordingly, the scope of this invention is not limited only by the specification, drawings, and claims provided herein.
The "first apparatus" disclosed is an ergonomic, removably-attachable biometric user authentication module, attachable onto a wristwatch band (or other surface) directly proximate to a user. This first apparatus includes (1) an attaching subsystem (e.g., bendable tabs, Velcro™️ straps, etc.); and (2) a biometric authentication subsystem module. The first apparatus attaches onto any convenient "target" surface, but wristwatch bands are ideal for many users. The invention method, is a secure wireless protocol for communicating "successful biometric authentication" messages from the first apparatus, to a verification transceiver/reader (a "second apparatus") which grants or denies user(s) access to transaction(s) and/or controlled resource(s), facilities, etc. The transceiver/reader is an "access governance" device that ensures only authorized users can access controlled (e.g., financial, physical, logical, etc.) resources. The system of the invention combines these first and second apparatuses and this method, plus includes embedded software for granting user access to controlled resources.