RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation of and claims benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §120 to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/500,761, filed Sep. 29, 2014, which is a continuation of and claims benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §120 to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/927,015, filed Jun. 25, 2013, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,849,959 on Sep. 30, 2014, which is a continuation of and claims benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §120 to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/171,326, filed Jun. 28, 2011, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,484,313 on Jul. 9, 2013, which is a non-provisional application of and claims benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/490,005, filed May 25, 2011. Content of each of the above applications is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0002]    The present description relates generally to providing information to a user. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    Video content sometimes includes auditory or visual messages that prompt viewers to take some action relating to the content of the video. For example, a television commercial may prompt a user to visit a product&#39;s website associated with an advertised product to obtain coupons or information about the product. In another example, during the broadcast of a television program or movie, a message may appear prompting a viewer to visit a website to view more information about the people, places or things depicted in or associated with the television program or movie. Even without being prompted to, many users are interested in a person, place or thing related to the video content they are watching. Typically, to obtain information relevant to a video stream, a user would need to visit a website using an Internet-enabled device. Existing methods are inefficient because they require users to take some action that is outside the viewing experience. Also many viewers may miss or ignore audio messages and visual messages that provide additional information about video content, and it may be inconvenient for many viewers to operate a computing device while viewing video content. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0004]    The methods and systems described herein provide an effective way to display information relevant to video content while a user is viewing the video content. For example, a commercial about tea may be displayed on a display device and while the user is viewing the commercial, a client device connected to the display device parses the closed caption content to obtain a set of information, sends the set of information to a server, obtains a set of instructions from the server and performs one or more functions in accordance with the received set of instructions. The one or more functions display information relating to the closed caption content. In this example, the set of instructions include instructions to execute one or more applications such as a browser to display a web page with information about a particular type or brand of tea, a media player to show an instructional video on preparing tea, a feed reader application to display articles about tea, or a coupon book application to present coupons for the tea that was the subject of the commercial. The one or more applications are executed while the commercial is being played and the one or more applications are concurrently displayed with the commercial on the display device. 
         [0005]    In some implementations, a method for using closed captions to initiate display of related content on a second display device includes: obtaining a video stream that is configured to be displayed on a first display device. The video stream includes closed captions. In some implementations, the method also includes: identifying one or more symbols or words included in the closed captions; and obtaining a set of instructions. The set of instructions includes instructions to display content information relating to at least one symbol or word in the one or more symbols or words. The method further includes: in response to obtaining, and in accordance with, the set of instructions, executing one or more applications based on a type of the content information; and formatting for display, on a second display device, output from the one or more applications. In some implementations, the one or more applications include at least a content viewing application. 
         [0006]    In some implementations, a method for using closed captions to initiate display of related content on a second display device includes: obtaining a video stream including closed captions that is configured to be displayed on a first display device; forwarding to a server one or more symbols or words included in the closed captions; and obtaining from the server a set of instructions related to the one or more symbols or words. In some implementations, the set of instructions includes instructions to display on a second display device different from the first display device content information relating to at least one of the one or more symbols or words. The method further includes, in response to obtaining, and in accordance with, the set of instructions, executing one or more respective applications based on a type of the content information; and formatting for display on the second display device output from the one or more applications. In some implementations, the applications include one of: a web browser, a music application, a feed reader application, a coupon application, and a content viewer. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0007]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram illustrating a distributed client-server system in accordance with some implementations. 
           [0008]      FIG. 2A  is a block diagram illustrating the structure of an exemplary server system according to some implementations. 
           [0009]      FIG. 2B  is a block diagram illustrating the structure of an exemplary broadcast system according to some implementations. 
           [0010]      FIG. 3  is a block diagram illustrating the structure of an exemplary client device according to some implementations. 
           [0011]      FIG. 4  is a flow chart illustrating an overview of the process of displaying information. 
           [0012]      FIGS. 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D and 5E  are an exemplary screenshot according to some implementations. 
           [0013]      FIG. 6  is a flow chart illustrating the process of displaying information. 
           [0014]      FIG. 7  is a flow chart illustrating the process of determining a set of instructions based on a set of information extracted from closed captions. 
       
    
    
       [0015]    Like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the drawings. 
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0016]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram illustrating the distributed system  100  implemented for some of the implementations. The client-server system  100  includes: one or more client devices  102 , a communication network  104 , a server system  106 , a display device  108  and a broadcast system  128 . The server system  106  is coupled to the one or more client devices  102  and the broadcast system  128  by the communication network  104 . 
         [0017]    The broadcast system  128  broadcasts the video streams to the one or more client devices  102 . The server system  106  receives a request containing a set of information derived from closed caption content, determines a set of instructions based on the set of information and sends the set of instructions to the client device  102  for execution. When executed by the client device  102 , the set of instructions cause the client device  102  to display information relating to the set of information extracted from the closed captions of a video stream. 
         [0018]    According to some implementations, a video or video stream is a sequence of images or frames representing scenes with objects in motion. A video displays a number of images or frames per second. For example, a video commonly displays 30 frames per second. In contrast, a still image as used herein stands alone, is static or still and does not include motion or change as a video typically does. An image herein can be included or embedded within a larger image or a video. 
         [0019]    Closed captioning refers to the ability to display caption text to select members of an audience. Closed captions typically display a transcription of the audio portion of a program as it occurs or with slight delay (either verbatim or in edited form), sometimes including non-speech elements. The term “closed” in closed captions indicates that not all viewers can see the caption. Only users who choose to decode or activate closed captions are able to view them. Closed captions are distinguished from open captions, which are visible to all users. Closed captions are also distinguished from subtitles. Subtitles assume a viewer can hear but cannot understand the language or accent, so subtitles only transcribe dialogue and some on-screen text. Closed captions aim to describe to the deaf and hard of hearing all significant audio content including spoken dialogue, music, sound effects, and non-speech information such as the identity of speakers and their manner of speaking. Closed captions are sometimes created by the content creator or broadcaster of the content. 
         [0020]    In some implementations, the server system  106  is implemented as a single server system, while in other implementations it is implemented as a distributed system of multiple servers. Solely for convenience of explanation, the server system  106  is described below as being implemented on a single server system. In some implementations, the broadcast system  128  is implemented as a single server system, while in other implementations it is implemented as a distributed system of multiple servers. Solely for convenience of explanation, the broadcast system  128  is described below as being implemented on a single server system. 
         [0021]    The communication network(s)  104  can be any wired or wireless local area network (LAN) and/or wide area network (WAN), such as an intranet, an extranet, or the Internet. It is sufficient that the communication network  104  provides communication capability between the one or more client devices  102  and the server system  106 . In some implementations, the communication network  104  uses the HyperText Transport Protocol (HTTP) to transport information using the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). HTTP permits client devices  102  to access various resources available via the communication network  104 . The various implementations, however, are not limited to the use of any particular protocol. 
         [0022]    In some implementations, the server system  106  includes a front end server  112  that facilitates communication between the server system  106  and the network  104 . In some implementations, the front end server  112  is configured to receive a request for a set of instructions. In some implementations, the front end server  112  is configured to send a set of instructions to a requesting client device  102 . In some implementations, the front end server  112  is configured to send content files or and links to content files or content files. In this context, the terms “content file” means any electronic file of any format including, but not limited to, a video file, an image file, a music file, a web page, an email message, an SMS message, a content feed, an advertisement, a coupon, a playlist and an XML content file. In some implementations, the front end server  112  is also configured to send a video stream to a client  102 . 
         [0023]    A content feed (or channel) is a resource or service that provides a list of content items that are present, recently added, or recently updated at a feed source. A content item in a content feed may include the content associated with the item itself (the actual content that the content item specifies), a title (sometimes called a headline), and/or a description of the content, a network location or locator (e.g., URL) of the content, or any combination thereof. For example, if the content item identifies a text article, the content item may include the article itself inline, along with the title (or headline), and locator. Alternatively, a content item may include the title, description and locator, but not the article content. Thus, some content items may include the content associated with those items, while others contain links to the associated content but not the full content of the items. A content item may also include additional metadata that provides additional information about the content. The full version of the content may be any machine-readable data, including but not limited to web pages, images, digital audio, digital video, Portable Content file Format (PDF) content files, and so forth. 
         [0024]    In some implementations, a content feed is specified using a content syndication format, such as RSS. RSS is an acronym that stands for “rich site summary,” “RDF site summary,” or “Really Simple Syndication.” “RSS” may refer to any of a family of formats based on the Extensible Markup Language (XML) for specifying a content feed and content items included in the feed. In some other implementations, other content syndication formats, such as the Atom syndication format or the VCALENDAR calendar format, may be used to specify content feeds. 
         [0025]    In some implementations, the server system  106  includes an identity database  116  that stores one or more relevant identities and associated metrics. An identity can represent a person, place or thing and the associated metrics measure the importance of the respective identity. In some implementations, the identity database  116  is a distributed database. 
         [0026]    In some implementations, the server system  106  includes an identification module  114  that manages and retrieves information stored in the identity database  116 . The identification module  114  receives requests and returns identities stored in the identity database  116  that match the request. 
         [0027]    In some implementations, the server system  106  includes a user database  124  that stores user data. The user data for a respective user includes a user identifier, associated content files and preferences. In some implementations, the user database  124  is a distributed database. 
         [0028]    In some implementations, the server system  106  includes a content database  122 . In some implementations, the content database  122  stores videos, images, music, web pages, email messages, SMS messages, content feeds, advertisements, coupons, playlists XML content files. In some implementations, the content database  122  stores links to videos, images, music, web pages, email messages, SMS messages, content feeds, advertisements, coupons, playlists XML content files. In some implementations, the content database  122  is a distributed database. 
         [0029]    In some implementations, the server system  106  includes an instruction module  118  that generates a set of instructions to be executed by a client device  102 . The instruction module  118  generates a set of instructions based on information contained in a request  220  and/or information the user database  124 . In some implementations, the instruction module  118  selects one or more content files and/or one or more links to content files based on a set of information contained in a request. The instruction module  118  sends the one or more content files and/or the one or more links to content files to the front end server  112  for transmission to a requesting client device  102 . 
         [0030]    In some implementations, a user interacts with the server system  106  via a client device  102 . The client devices  102  may be any suitable computer device that is capable of connecting to the communication network  104 , such as a desktop computer, laptop computer, tablet device, netbook, internet kiosk, personal digital assistant, mobile phone, gaming device, or any other device that is capable of communicating with the server system  106 . The client devices  102  typically include one or more processors, non-volatile memory such as a hard disk drive or flash drive and a display. In some implementations, the client devices  102  have input devices such as a keyboard and a mouse (as shown in  FIG. 3 ). In some implementations, the client devices  102  have touch screen displays and/or microphones for input. In some implementations, the client device is connected to a projector. In some implementations, the client device  102  is connected to a display device  108 . In some implementations, the client device  102  includes the display device  108 . Stated in another way, in some implementations, the client device and the display device are contained in a single device. In some implementations, the display device  108  is a television or a screen, such an LCD or LED display. 
         [0031]    In some implementations, the client devices  102  receive video streams  125  from one or more broadcast systems  128 . In some implementations, the client device  102  receives video streams from cable television inputs, satellite receivers, from a network connection or from an over-the-air antenna. 
         [0032]      FIG. 2A  is a block diagram illustrating a server system  106 , in accordance with one implementation of the present implementation. The server system  106  typically includes one or more processing units (CPU&#39;s)  202 , one or more network or other communications interfaces  208 , memory  206 , and one or more communication buses  204  for interconnecting these components. Memory  206  includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM o other random access solid state memory devices; and may include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory  206  may optionally include one or more storage devices remotely located from the CPU(s)  202 . Memory  206 , including the non-volatile and volatile memory device(s) within memory  206 , comprises a computer readable storage medium. In some implementations, memory  206  or the non-transitory computer readable storage medium of memory  206  store the following programs, modules and data structures, or a subset thereof including an operation system  216 , a network communication module  218 , a identification module  114 , a identity database  116 , a instruction module  118 , a content database  122  and a user database  124 . 
         [0033]    The operating system  216  includes procedures for handling various basic system services and for performing hardware dependent tasks. 
         [0034]    The network communication module  218  facilitates communication with other devices via the one or more communication network interfaces  208  (wired or wireless) and one or more communication networks, such as the Internet, other wide area networks, local area networks, metropolitan area networks, and so on. 
         [0035]    The identity database  116  stores one or more identities  234 . A respective identity  234 - 2  includes a name  240 , an importance metric  242  and associated actions  244 . The name  240  identifies the identity. For example, a name  240  could be the name of a person, place or thing. The importance metric  242  measures the importance of the identity and is used to determine which identity among a set of identities is most important. The associated actions  244  specify one or more actions such as sending a message, displaying a message and executing an application. In some implementations, the associated action  244  specifies one or more content files in the content database  122 . 
         [0036]    The content database  122  stores content files and/or links to content files. In some implementations, the content database  122  stores media  232  such as videos, images and music. In some implementations, the content database  122  stores advertisements  226 , coupons  226 , playlists  228 , content feeds  230  and XML content files. In some implementations, the content database  122  stores web pages  233 , email messages and SMS messages. In some implementations, the content database  122  includes links to videos, images, music, web pages, email messages, SMS messages, content feeds, advertisements, coupons, playlists and XML content files. In some implementations, at the content files in the content database  122  include a metric measuring the popularity of the respective content file. 
         [0037]    The user database  124  stores user data  236  for one or more users. In some implementations, the user data  236 - 2  for a respective user includes a user identifier  246  and associated files  248 . In some implementations, user data  236 - 2  for a respective user includes preferences  250 . The user identifier  230  identifies a user. In some implementations, the associated files  248  comprise a list of identifiers of content files stored in the content database  122  that are associated with the user. The files  248  associated with the user can include any file stored in the content database  122 . In some implementations, the preferences  250  include categories of information in which the user is or is not interested. For example, a user may have no interest in sports and an interest in science fiction. In some implementations, the preferences  250  include counts for categories for interest. For example, each category may include a number or score representing the number of times a user has viewed an item associated with the category. In some implementations, the preferences  250  indicate one or more applications that the user prefers or does not prefer. For example, the preferences  250  may indicate that the user prefers to have songs added to user&#39;s playlist. In another example, the preferences  250  may indicate that the user prefers not to receive coupon offers. 
         [0038]    The instruction module  118  generates a set of instructions  358  based on information contained in a request and sends the set of instructions to a client  102 . 
         [0039]    In some implementations the instruction module  116  generates a set of instructions  358  in response to receiving a request  220  from a client  102 . In some implementations, the request  220  includes a user identifier  262  and a set of information  350 . The user identifier  262  identifies a user with whom the request is associated. For example, the user identifier  262  can be an IP address associated with a client device  102  or an alphanumeric value chosen by the user or assigned by the server that uniquely identifies the user. In some implementations, the set of information  350  includes information parsed from the contents of a closed caption stream  265 . 
         [0040]    In some implementations, the set of information  350  includes strings consisting of alphabet characters, numbers, symbols or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the set of information  350  includes the name of a person, place or thing, and additional information such as a name of an application. For example, the set of information  350  may include a name of a music artist and may indicate a media application. In some implementations, the set of information  350  includes the name of a video stream and/or the category of the video stream. For example, the set of information  350  may include the name of a movie and the category or genre of the movie (e.g., drama, science fiction etc.). In some implementations, the set of information  350  includes a set of instructions. In some implementations, the set of instructions include instructions to invoke one or more applications. In some implementations, the set of instructions include instructions to display and/or send one or more messages. In some implementations, the messages include email messages and SMS messages. 
         [0041]    In some implementations, the instruction module  118  stores the set of information  350  received in a request  220  in the user database  124 , and associates the set of information  350  with a user identified by the request  220 . In some implementations, the set of information  350  contained in a request  220  from a respective user is used to determine preferences for the respective user. For example, the set of information  350  may contain category information (e.g., science fiction) of content a respective user has viewed. In this example, the instruction module  118  increments the respective category counts stored in the user preferences  250  for the respective user. 
         [0042]    In some implementations, the instruction module  118  generates a set of instructions  358  based on information contained in a request  220 . In some implementations, the instruction module  118  generates a set of instructions  358  based on the user preferences  250  and/or the set of information  350  contained in a request  220 . 
         [0043]    In some implementations, the instruction module  116  sends at least a portion of the set of information  350  to the identification module  114  to obtain one or more relevant identities  234 . The identification module  114  matches information contained in the set of information  350  to one or more identities  234  in the identity database  116 . In some implementations, the identification module  114  parses the set of information  350  to obtain parsed information and generates search queries with the parsed information. For example, a set of information  350  may include a list of proper nouns and the identification module  114  may construct a query with each proper noun. In some implementations, the set of information  350  includes one or more sentences, special characters and/or symbols. In some implementations, the one or more sentences are used as queries to the identity database  116 . In some implementations, a predefined amount of text following a special character in the set of information  350  is used as a query to the identity database  116 . For example, if the set of information  350  includes the text “#actor person x” the text “person x” would be used as a query. 
         [0044]    The generated queries are sent to the identity database  116  to find potential matches. In some implementations, the identification module  114  filters the search results based on the importance metric  242  associated with the respective identities. For example, the identification module  114  may select identities that have an importance metric  242  above a predefined threshold or may select the top few identities among a set of identities. The identification module  114  sends one or more determined identities to the instruction module  118 . 
         [0045]    In some implementations, the instruction module  118  receives the one or more determined identities from the instruction module  118  and determines a set of instructions  358  based on the one or more determined identities. The instruction module  118  selects an identity from the one or more determined identities. For example, the instruction module  118  may select the identity with the highest associated importance metric  242 . In some implementations, the selected identity is determined based on preferences  250  associated with the user identified by the user identifier  262 . For example, the instruction module  118  may select one or more sports related identities when the user&#39;s preference indicates that the user has an affinity for sports. 
         [0046]    After an identity is selected, the instruction module  118  generates a set of instructions  358 . In some implementations, the instruction module  118  determines a set of instructions for each identity determined from the set of information  350 . In some implementations, the set of instructions  358  is based on the associated action  244  for the selected identity. For example, if the selected identity is the name of a historical figure, the associated action  244  may specify showing a webpage with information about the historical figure. In some implementations, the set of instructions  358  is based on the one or more determined identities and user preferences  250  for the user identified by the user identifier  262 . For example, a user&#39;s preferences  250  may indicate applications or actions that the user prefers or does not prefer. For example, a user may prefer that certain applications are not executed on the user&#39;s device. In another example, the user may prefer to receive information in a content feed. 
         [0047]    In some implementations, the instruction module  118  uses the one or more determined identities returned by the identification module  118  to generate search queries to identify relevant content files in the content database  122 . For example, if the one or more determined identities include the name of an actor, the instruction module  118  may determine content files such as web pages, videos, pictures and news stories that the actor is associated with and determines which one would be most interesting to a user based metrics associated with the content files. For example, the metrics may measure popularity or relevance. 
         [0048]    In some implementations, the set of instructions  358  includes instructions to invoke one or more functions or applications on a client device  102 . In some implementations, the one or more applications are selected from the group consisting of a media application, a feed reader application, a browser application and a coupon book application. In some implementations, the one or more applications are selected based on the one or more content files identified using the relevant identities. In some implementations, the set of instructions  358  includes instructions to invoke an application and instructions to direct the invoked application to download one or more content files contained in the content database  118 . For example, the instruction module  118  may generate instructions to invoke a feed reader device and instructions to cause the feed reader device to download content items relating to the actor. In another example, the instruction module  118  may generate instructions to invoke a web browser and instructions to cause the browser to be navigated to a particular website (e.g., a product website). Additional examples of application execution are discussed in the discussion of  FIGS. 5B, 5C, 5D and 5E . 
         [0049]    In some implementations, the set of instructions  358  include instructions to display a message on the display  313  of the client device  102 . In some implementations, the set of instructions  358  includes instructions to send an email message or SMS message to a user. The content of the email message or SMS is related to the set of information  350 . For example, the message may contain a promotional offer relating to pronouns contained in the set of information  350 . 
         [0050]    The instruction module  118  generates and sends the set of instructions  358  to a client device  102  in response to a request from the client device  102 . In some implementations, the instructions  358  generated by the instruction module  118  are contained in a content feed. In some implementations, the instructions module  118  retrieves and sends one or more content files and/or content file links (stored in the content database  122 ) with the set of instructions  358 . 
         [0051]    Each of the above identified elements may be stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices, and each of the modules or programs corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The set of instructions can be executed by one or more processors (e.g., the CPUs  202 ). The above identified modules or programs (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various implementations. In some implementations, memory  206  may store a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  206  may store additional modules and data structures not described above. 
         [0052]    Although  FIG. 2A  shows a server system,  FIG. 2A  is intended more as functional description of the various features which may be present in a set of servers than as a structural schematic of the implementations described herein. In practice, and as recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art, items shown separately could be combined and some items could be separated. For example, some items (e.g., operating system  216  and network communication module  218 ) shown separately in  FIG. 2A  could be implemented on single servers and single items could be implemented by one or more servers. The actual number of servers used to implement the server system  106  and how features are allocated among them will vary from one implementation to another, and may depend in part on the amount of data traffic that the system must handle during peak usage periods as well as during average usage periods. 
         [0053]      FIG. 2B  is a block diagram illustrating a broadcast system  128 , in accordance with one implementation of the present implementation. The broadcast system  128  typically includes one or more processing units (CPU&#39;s)  358 , one or more network or other communications interfaces  262 , memory  268 , a transmission interface  266  and one or more communication buses  262  for interconnecting these components. Memory  268  includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM or other random access solid state memory devices; and may include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory  268  may optionally include one or more storage devices remotely located from the CPU(s)  358 . Memory  268 , including the non-volatile and volatile memory device(s) within memory  268 , comprises a computer readable storage medium. In some implementations, memory  268  or the non-transitory computer readable storage medium of memory  268  store the following programs, modules and data structures, or a subset thereof including an operation system  270 , a network communication module  272 , a video module  273  and a video stream database  276 . 
         [0054]    The transmission interface  266  transmits video streams via radio transmissions, satellite transmissions or through cable lines. 
         [0055]    The operating system  270  includes procedures for handling various basic system services and for performing hardware dependent tasks. 
         [0056]    The network communication module  272  facilitates communication with other devices via the one or more communication network interfaces  350  (wired or wireless) and one or more communication networks, such as the Internet, other wide area networks, local area networks, metropolitan area networks, and so on. In some implementations, the network communication module  272  transfers video streams stored in the video stream database  268  via the network interface  350 . 
         [0057]    The video stream database  274  stores video streams  276 . In some implementations, video streams  276  in the video stream database  274  include video content  254  and closed captions  256 . 
         [0058]    The video module  273  sends one or more video streams  276  stored in the video stream database  274  to one or more client devices  102 . 
         [0059]    In some implementations, the functionality of broadcast system  108  and server system  106  can be combined on a single server system. 
         [0060]    Each of the above identified elements may be stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices, and each of the modules or programs corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The set of instructions can be executed by one or more processors (e.g., the CPUs  358 ). The above identified modules or programs (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various implementations. In some implementations, memory  268  may store a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  268  may store additional modules and data structures not described above. 
         [0061]    Although  FIG. 2B  shows a broadcast system,  FIG. 2B  is intended more as functional description of the various features which may be present in a set of servers than as a structural schematic of the implementations described herein. In practice, and as recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art, items shown separately could be combined and some items could be separated. For example, some items (e.g., operating system  270  and network communication module  272 ) shown separately in  FIG. 2B  could be implemented on single servers and single items could be implemented by one or more servers. The actual number of servers used to implement the broadcast system  128  and how features are allocated among them will vary from one implementation to another, and may depend in part on the amount of data traffic that the system must handle during peak usage periods as well as during average usage periods. 
         [0062]      FIG. 3  is a block diagram illustrating a client device  102 , in accordance with some implementations. The client device  102  typically includes one or more processing units (CPU&#39;s)  302 , one or more network or other communications interfaces  308 , memory  306 , and one or more communication buses  304 , for interconnecting these components. The client device  102  may also include a user interface comprising a display device  313  and a keyboard and/or mouse (or other pointing device)  314 . Memory  306  includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM or other random access solid state memory devices; and may include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory  306  may optionally include one or more storage devices remotely located from the CPU(s)  302 . Memory  306 , or alternatively the non-volatile memory device(s) within memory  306 , comprises a computer readable storage medium. In some implementations, the client device  102  is a portable electronic device with a touch screen display. In some implementations, memory  306  or the computer readable storage medium of memory  306  store the following programs, modules and data structures, or a subset thereof including operation system  316 , network communication module  318 , user interface module  322 , parsing module  126 , applications  328  and data  342 . 
         [0063]    The client device  102  includes a video input/output  350  for inputting and outputting video. In some implementations, the video input/output  350  is configured to receive video streams from radio transmissions, satellite transmissions and cable lines. In some implementations the video input/output  350  is connected to a cable box. In some implementations, the video input/output  350  is connected to a satellite dish. In some implementations, the video input/output  350  is connected to an antenna. 
         [0064]    In some implementations, the client device  102  includes a television tuner  352  for receiving and recording television video streams. 
         [0065]    The operating system  316  includes procedures for handling various basic system services and for performing hardware dependent tasks. 
         [0066]    The network communication module  318  facilitates communication with other devices via the one or more communication network interfaces  304  (wired or wireless) and one or more communication networks, such as the Internet, other wide area networks, local area networks, metropolitan area networks, and so on. 
         [0067]    The user interface module  322  tracks user input and selections to the client device  102 . 
         [0068]    The graphics module  320  displays the user interfaces associated with the applications  328 . 
         [0069]    The data  342  includes video streams  344 . The video streams  344  include video content  348  and closed captions  350 . 
         [0070]    In some implementations, the applications  328  include a browser  330 , a media application  332 , a coupon book application  336  and a feed reader application  340 . The browser  330  allows a user to view web pages. The media application  332  plays videos, music, displays images and manages playlists  334 . The feed reader application  340  displays content feeds  341 . The coupon book application  336  displays and stores coupons/advertisements  338 . 
         [0071]    The parsing module  126  parses closed captions in the video stream to generate a set of information, sends the set of information to a server  106 , receives a set of instructions from the server  106  in response to sending the set of information and executes the set of instructions. 
         [0072]    In some implementations, the parsing module  126  parses closed captions in a video stream to determine a set of information  350 . The parsing module  126  parses the content of the closed captions. For example, if the closed captions included the text, “hello world,” the parsing module would parse the text, “hello world.” In some implementations, the closed captions include text, numbers, symbols or any combination thereof. 
         [0073]    In some implementations, the parsing module  126  identifies one or more special characters in the closed captions. The special characters may be defined in a list that is stored in the parsing module  126 . The special characters may be defined by the provider or broadcaster of a video stream. In some implementations, the parsing module  126  identifies one or more special characters and a predefined amount of text following the one or more special characters. The parsing module  126  includes the special characters and/or the predefined amount of text in the set of information  350 . In some implementations, the special characters include symbols, numbers, text or any combination thereof. For example, a broadcaster or content provider may insert symbol “#” into a closed caption to emphasize that text following the symbol is relevant for generating a set of instructions. The text following the symbol may include instructions or may include information from which instructions should be derived. For example, a closed caption may include “#actor person x” to indicate that person x is an actor. By inserting special characters into the closed captioning of a video program, a content provider can provide relevant information to viewers of the video program while the video program is being played. 
         [0074]    In some implementations, the parsing module  126  identifies sentences in closed captions and includes the identified sentences in the set of information  350 . For example, the parsing module  126  may identify sentences by detecting periods or other punctuation marks in the closed captions. The parsing module  126  includes one or more of the identified sentences in the set of information  350 . 
         [0075]    In some implementations, the parsing module  126  identifies one or more proper nouns in the closed captions and includes the proper nouns in the set of information  350 . For example, the parsing module  126  may select capitalized words in the closed captions. In some implementations, the one or more proper nouns are selected if they match one or more proper nouns stored in the parsing module  126 . The proper nouns may correspond to a person, place or thing. For example, the parsing module  126  may parse the closed captions to determine the names of one or more people, the name of a product or company or the name of a country. The instruction module  118  can use this information to issue specific requests to the server  106 , to return a link to a web page about the person, or place identified by the proper noun or to return a media playlist of media items (e.g., songs or movies) by or about the person identified by the proper noun. 
         [0076]    In some implementations, the set of information  350  is sent to a server  106  in a request  220  generated by the request module  352 . In some implementations, the request  356  includes a user identifier of a user of the client  102 . 
         [0077]    In response to sending the request  220 , the parsing module  126  receives a set of instructions  358  from a server remotely located from the client  102 . In some implementations, the set of instructions  358  are contained in a content feed. In some implementations the parsing module  126  receives one or more content files in response to the request. 
         [0078]    The parsing module  126  executes the set of instructions  358  in response to receiving the set of instructions  358 . In some implementations, the set of instructions  358  includes instructions to display a message on the display (e.g.,  313  and  110 ). The content of the message relates to the set of information. For example, the message may offer a user a product or service relating to a video segment. In some implementations, the message is displayed by the message module  356 . In some implementations, the set of instructions  358  includes instructions to send an email message or SMS message to a user associated with the client device  103 . For example, the email message or SMS message may include a coupon or promotional offer. In some implementations, the email message or SMS message is sent by the message module  356 . 
         [0079]    In some implementations, the set of instructions  350  includes instructions to execute one or more applications  328 . Examples of applications are discussed in the discussion of  FIGS. 5B, 5C, 5D and 5E . The parsing detection module  126  executes the set of instructions  350  received from the server. 
         [0080]    Each of the above identified elements may be stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices, and each of the modules or programs corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The set of instructions can be executed by one or more processors (e.g., the CPUs  302 ). The above identified modules or programs (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in various implementations. In some implementations, memory  306  may store a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory  306  may store additional modules and data structures not described above. 
         [0081]    Although  FIG. 3  shows a client device,  FIG. 3  is intended more as functional description of the various features which may be present in a client device than as a structural schematic of the implementations described herein. In practice, and as recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art, items shown separately could be combined and some items could be separated. 
         [0082]    Attention is now directed to  FIG. 4 , which is a flow diagram illustrating a process  400  of displaying information, according to some implementations.  FIG. 4  provides an overview of the methods described in greater detail in the discussion of  FIGS. 6 and 7 . A broadcast system  128  sends a video stream containing closed captions to a client  102  ( 401 ). The video stream containing closed captions is received at a client  102  ( 402 ). A set of information is determined from the closed captions ( 404 ). The set of information is sent to a server  106  remotely located from the client  102  for processing ( 406 ). The server  106  receives the set of information ( 408 ). The server  106  identifies one or more relevant identities from the set of information, determines a set of instructions associated with the one or more relevant identities and sends the set of instructions to the client  102  ( 410 ). The client  102  receives the set of instructions from the server  106  ( 412 ). The client  102  executes one or more applications in accordance with the set of instructions ( 414 ). 
         [0083]    Attention is now directed to  FIGS. 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D and 5E , which illustrate exemplary screen shots according to some implementations.  FIGS. 5B, 5C, 5D and 5E  illustrate applications that are executed by a client device  102 . The applications in  FIGS. 5B, 5C, 5D and 5E  are invoked and controlled by a set of instructions determined based on the content of the closed captions  504  contained in the television program  502 . As discussed in greater detail in the discussion of  FIG. 6 , a module (e.g., parsing module  126 ) on a client device  102 : receives a videos steam such as a television program  502 , determines a set of information from the closed captions  504  of the television program  502 , sends the set of information to a server (e.g., server  106 ) to obtain a set of instructions, receives the set of instructions from the server and invokes one or more applications on the client device  102  in accordance with the set of instructions. The television programs  502  and applications are concurrently displayed on a display of a client device  102 . The illustrations in  FIGS. 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D and 5E  should be viewed as exemplary but not restrictive in nature. 
         [0084]      FIG. 5A  illustrates a screen shot displaying a television program  502  that includes closed captions  504 . As shown in  FIG. 5A , the content of the closed captions  504  is “Hello World!” which may correspond to spoken dialogue in the television program  502 . 
         [0085]      FIG. 5B  illustrates a feed reader application  506  displayed adjacent to a television program  502 . In the context of  FIG. 5B , the parsing module  126  on the client device  102  receives the television program  502 , determines a set of information from the closed captions  504  of the television program  502 , sends the set of information to a server  106  to obtain a set of instructions, receives the set of instructions from the server  106  and invokes the feed reader application  506  on the client device  102  in accordance with the set of instructions received from the server  106 . The feed reader application  506  displays a content feed  508 . One or more content items  510  in the content feed  508  are selected by the server  106  based on information derived from the closed captions  504  contained in the television program  502 . For example, a user may be watching a sports related television program  502  and when the corresponding closed captions  504  mentions a sports teams (e.g., Team X), the feed reader application  506  is invoked and the content item Sports Headline  1   510  is displayed. In the context of  FIG. 5B , the content item  510  is chosen by the instruction module  118  on the server  106  based on information or instructions derived from the closed captions  504 . 
         [0086]      FIG. 5C  illustrates a media player  512  displayed concurrently with a television program  502 . In the context of  FIG. 5C , the parsing module  126  on the client device  102  receives the television program  502 , determines a set of information from the closed captions  504  of the television program  502 , sends the set of information to server  106  to obtain a set of instructions, receives the set of instructions from the server  106  and invokes the media player  512  on the client device  102  in accordance with the set of instructions received from the server  106 . The media player  512  performs one or more operations based on information derived from the closed captions  504  contained in the television program  502 . For example, the closed captions  504  of the television program  502  may mention an artist and when the user views the portion of the television program  502  containing the closed captions  504  that relate to the artist, the media application  512  is invoked and the user is prompted to add a song from the artist to the user&#39;s playlist. 
         [0087]      FIG. 5D  illustrates a web browser  516  displayed adjacent to a television program  502 . In the context of  FIG. 5D , the parsing module  126  on the client device  102  receives the television program  502 , determines a set of information from the closed captions  504  of the television program  502 , sends the set of information to a server (e.g., server  106 ) to obtain a set of instructions, receives the set of instructions from the server and invokes the web browser  516  on the client device  102  in accordance with the set of instructions received from the server. In some implementations, the browser  516  displays a web page  508  chosen based on information derived from the closed captions  504  contained in the television program  502 . The closed captions  504  may contain information relating to a person, place or thing. For example, the closed captions  504  may reference the name of a historical figure and when the user views the portion of the closed captions  504  containing the reference to the historical figure, the web browser  516  invokes a web page  508  (e.g., a Wikipedia page) providing information about the historical figure. In another example, the closed captions  504  may mention a product during a commercial and when the user views the portion of the closed captions  504  containing the reference to the product, the browser  516  displays a web page  508  relating to the product (e.g., a product page). When the user views the portion of the video stream containing the closed captions  504 , the browser application  516  is invoked and the  506  browser is navigated to a website determined based on the content of the closed captions  504 . 
         [0088]      FIG. 5E  illustrates a coupon book application  518 . In some implementations, the coupon book application  518  performs one or more operations based on information derived from the closed captions  504 . In the context of  FIG. 5E , the parsing module  126  on the client device  102  receives the television program  502 , determines a set of information from the closed captions  504  of the television program  502 , sends the set of information to a server  106  to obtain a set of instructions, receives the set of instructions from the server  106  and invokes the coupon book application  518  on the client device  102  in accordance with the set of instructions received from the server. For example, a user may view a commercial about pearl milk tea and the closed captions  504  may mention the product. The coupon application  518  is invoked and the user is prompted to save a coupon to the user&#39;s coupon book while the user is viewing the commercial. 
         [0089]      FIG. 6  illustrates a method  600  for displaying information. Such method is useful for broadcasters and content providers that desire to provide information and services relating to content while the content is played. Such method is useful for content viewers who desire relevant information about content they view. 
         [0090]    Attention is now directed to  FIG. 6  which is a flow diagram illustrating a method  600  of displaying information determined based on closed captions contained in a video stream. The method  600  is performed at a client device  102  having one or more processors and memory. A video stream including closed captions is received ( 602 ). For example, the video stream may correspond to a television program, movie or commercial with closed captions that relate to and are coordinated with the video content. In some implementations, the video stream is received by the video input  350 , the TV tuner  352  or the network interface  308  of the client device  102 . In some implementations, the video stream is received from the broadcast system  128 . For example, the video stream may be received over a network connection, a satellite receiver, a cable box or by an over-the-air antenna. 
         [0091]    A set of information  350  is determined from the closed caption ( 604 ). In some implementations, the set of information  350  includes information from the content of the closed captions. For example, the set of information  350  may include text from the content of the closed captions. In some implementations, the set of information  350  consists of alphabet characters, numbers, symbols or any combination thereof. The set of information  350  is determined by the parsing module  126 . 
         [0092]    In some implementations, the determining includes determining one or more symbols and the set of information  350  includes the determined one or more symbols ( 606 ). Stated in another way, in some implementations, the parsing module  126  parses the content of the closed captions to determine one or more symbols and includes the determined one or more symbols in the set of information  350 . In some implementations, the determining includes determining one or more symbols and a predefined amount of text following the symbol. The one or more symbols and predefined amount of text following the symbol are included in the set of information  350 . For example, a broadcaster or content provider may insert a “#” symbol into the closed captions of a video stream to signal that text following the symbol is information from which instructions should be derived. For example, a closed caption may include “#actor person x” to indicate that person x is an actor. In some implementations, the text following the symbol may include instructions or information from which instructions should be derived. For example, the parsing module  126  detects and parses the string “#browser URL” from the closed caption and includes the parsed string into the set of information  350 . The parsing module  126  sends the set of information  350  including the parsed string to a server  106  and in response receives a set of instructions  358 . The set of instructions  358  corresponding to the parsed string may invoke a web browser on the client device  106  and open a webpage corresponding to the URL in the parsed string. A content provider may insert special characters or symbols in the closed captions of a video stream in order to provide information relating to the video stream. The relevant information is displayed concurrently with the video stream. 
         [0093]    In some implementations, the determining includes determining one or more sentences in the closed captions and the set of information  350  includes the determined one or more sentences ( 608 ). The parsing module  126  parses to content of the closed captions to determine one or more sentences and includes the determined sentences in the set of information  350 . For example, the parsing module  126  may detect sentences by detecting periods or other punctuation marks in the content of the closed captions. 
         [0094]    In some implementations, the determining includes determining one or more proper nouns in the closed captions and the set of information  350  includes the one or more pronouns ( 610 ). The parsing module  126  parses the content of the closed captions to determine one or more proper nouns and includes the determined one or more proper nouns in the set of information  350 . In some implementations, the one or more proper nouns are selected if they match one or more proper nouns stored in the parsing module  126 . The proper nouns may correspond to a person, place or thing. For example, the parsing module  126  may parse the content of the closed captions to determine the names of one or more people, the name of a product or company or the name of a country. In some implementations, the parsing module  126  selects capitalized words in the closed captions and includes the capitalized words in the set of information  350 . 
         [0095]    In some implementations, the video stream is displayed and the set of information  350  is determined while the video stream is being displayed ( 612 ). The video stream is displayed on the display  313  of the client device  102 . A request  220  including the set of information  350  is sent to a server  106  remotely located from the client  102  for processing ( 614 ). The processing determines a set of instructions  358  based on the set of information  350 . The set of instructions  358  include instructions to display information relating to the closed captions of a video stream to be displayed. The request  358  is generated and sent by the request module  352 . 
         [0096]    A set of instructions  358  is received from the server ( 616 ). The set of instructions  358  includes instructions to display information relating to the set of information  350  ( 616 ). In some implementations, the set of instructions  358  is contained in a content feed. The set of instructions  258  is received by the parsing module  126 . 
         [0097]    One or more functions and/or applications are executed in accordance with the set of instruction  358  in response to receiving the set of instructions  350  ( 616 ). In some implementations, the one or more applications are selected from the group consisting of a media application, a feed reader application, a browser application and a coupon book application ( 620 ). For example, as shown in  FIG. 5C , set of instructions  358  may invoke a media player application  512  and prompt the user to add a song to the user&#39;s playlist. In some implementations, the video stream is displayed and the one or more applications are displayed adjacent to the video steam ( 622 ). For example, as shown in  FIG. 5B , a feed reader application  508  is displayed concurrently with a television program  502 . The one or more applications are discussed in greater detail in the discussion of  FIGS. 5B, 5C, 5D and 5E . The one or more applications are executed by the parsing module  126 . 
         [0098]    In some implementations, one or more content files are received from the server ( 621 ). The set of instructions  358  includes instructions to display the one or more content files and executing the one or more applications includes displaying the one or more received content file ( 621 ). For example, a web page may be received and the set of instructions  358  includes instructions to invoke a web browser to display the webpage. 
         [0099]    In some implementations, the set of instructions  358  includes instructions to display a message. The content of the message relates to the set of information  350 . For example, a URL for a product&#39;s website may be displayed or a snippet of information relating to a television program may be displayed. In some implementations, the set of instructions  358  includes instructions to send a message (e.g., email or SMS) to a user associated with the client  102 . For example, the message may include a coupon, a link to a coupon, a song, a link to a song, information about a television program or movie and links to information. The message module  356  displays and sends messages. 
         [0100]      FIG. 7  is a flow diagram illustrating a method  700  of generating a set of instructions based on information derived from closed captions. The method  700  is performed at a server system  106  having one or more processors and memory. In some implementations, a request  220  including a set of information  350  is received from a client  102  ( 702 ). In some implementations, the request  220  includes a user identifier. The set of information  350  was extracted from closed captions in a video stream ( 704 ). One or more relevant identities  234  are identified from the set of information  350  ( 704 ). In some implementations, a plurality of relevant identities are identified using the set of information  350  and a subset of the plurality of relevant identities are selected based on the importance metric  242  associated with the relevant identities. For example, the identification module  114  may select the relevant identity with the highest importance metric  242 . In some implementations, the one or more relevant identities  234  are determined in response to receiving the request  220 . The identification module  114  matches information in the set of information  350  to one or more identities  234  in the identity database  130 . The one or more relevant identities  234  may correspond to a person, place or thing. 
         [0101]    A set of instructions  358  associated with the set of information is determined ( 708 ). In some implementations, the set of instructions  358  is determined in response to receiving the request  220 . In some implementations, the set of instructions  358  is determined based on the identified one or more relevant identities  234  ( 710 ). In some implementations, a relevant identity  234  includes a plurality of associated actions. For example, a relevant identity  234  may be the name of a basketball player and the associated actions include displaying a video highlight of the basketball player&#39;s most recent game or displaying a web page about the basketball player. The instruction module  118  selects one or more of the plurality of associated actions based on user preferences  250  for the user corresponding to the user identifier  246 . For example, the user&#39;s information may include preferences that indicate categories of information that the user is or is not interested in. For example, a relevant identity  234  may be the name of a person who is an actor, athlete and musician and the user&#39;s preference may indicate an affinity towards sports and music. In this example, the resulting set of instructions  358 , in one implementation, would be related to the person&#39;s activity as a musician or athlete. In some implementations, the user&#39;s preferences indicate applications the user likes or dislikes. For example, a user may have an affinity towards receiving coupons via a coupon application and content items via a feed reader application. 
         [0102]    In some implementations, the set of instructions  358  is determined based on one or more content files associated with the identified one or more relevant identities  234 . In some implementations, one or more content files associated with the relevant identities are determined by the identification module  114  ( 714 ). The set of instructions  358  include instruction to display the one or more content files ( 714 ). In some implementations, the identification module  114  identifies the one or more content files by searching the content database  122  using the name of the identity as a query. For example, one of the relevant identities  234  may be the name of a product and one or more coupons may be associated with the product. In another example, one of the relevant identities  234  may be a musician and the identification module  114  identifies a song by the musician from the content database  122 . In some implementations, the associated actions  244  for a respective identity specify one or more content files. The instruction module  118  searches for the specified content files in the content database  122  and selects a content file in accordance with a metric associated with the content files. For example, the instruction module  118  may select a content filed based on the popularity of the files. After the instruction module  118  identifies a content file, the instruction module determines an application to display or play the content file and generates a set of instructions  358  that causes the determined application to display the content file. 
         [0103]    In some implementations, the set of instructions  358  include instructions for executing an application selected from the group consisting of a media application, a feed reader application, a browser application and a coupon book application ( 712 ). 
         [0104]    In some implementations, the set of instructions  358  includes instructions to display a message on the client device  102 . The content of the message relates to the set of information  350 . For example, a URL for a product&#39;s website may be displayed or a snippet of information relating to a television program may be displayed. In some implementations, the set of instructions  358  includes instructions to send a message (e.g., email or SMS) to a user associated with the client. The message may include a coupon, a link to a coupon, a song, a link to a song, information about a television program or movie and links to information. The set of instructions  358  is generated by the instruction module  118 . 
         [0105]    The set of instructions  358  is sent to the client  102  ( 716 ). In some implementations, the set of instructions  358  is sent in a content feed. In some implementations, one or more content files are sent along with the one or more instructions ( 718 ). For example, a playlist, media file, advertisement or feed stored in the content database  122  may be sent along with the set of instructions  358 . The set of instructions  358  and optionally the one or more content files are sent by the instruction module  118 . 
         [0106]    Each of the methods described herein may be governed by instructions that are stored in a non-transitory computer readable storage medium and that are executed by one or more processors of one or more servers (e.g., server system  106 ). Each of the operations shown in  FIGS. 6 and 7  may correspond to instructions stored in a computer memory or computer readable storage medium. 
         [0107]    The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific implementations. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the methods and systems to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The implementations were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the methods and systems and their practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the techniques and devices described herein and various implementations with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. 
         [0108]    Moreover, in the foregoing description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present implementation. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the methods described herein may be practiced without these particular details. In other instances, methods, procedures, components, and networks that are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art are not described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the present implementation.
This application discloses a method for using closed captions to initiate display of related content. A computing device obtains closed captions of a video stream displayed to a user of the computing device, and identifies in the closed captions a set of information items including one or more emphasized words that are relevant for identifying information of one or more related content files. The computing device then transmits the emphasized words to a server that is distinct from a source of the video stream, and obtains therefrom the information of the one or more content files related to the emphasized words. In response to obtaining the information of the one or more content files and without user intervention, the computing device causes an application to be invoked for presenting the one or more content files to the user of the computing device.