FIELD OF INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to improvements in or relating to creating a visual access token. 
       BACKGROUND OF INVENTION 
       [0002]    A visual access token, such as a two-dimensional (2D) barcode, provides optically-readable data to a system that includes an image reader, so that a user presenting the visual access token can access functions or information provided by that system. The system allows the user to access the system based on the data extracted from the visual access token by the image reader. For example, a 2D barcode may encode a Web site Uniform Resource Locator (URL) and some transaction data. The 2D barcode may be presented to a computer having a 2D barcode reader, so that the computer accesses the encoded Web site and provides the transaction data to that Web site automatically as a result of reading the 2D barcode. 
         [0003]    It would be desirable to be able to create a visual access token that includes private information, since this would be needed to access some Web sites or other resources (such as self-service terminals (SSTs)). Such private information could be encrypted within the visual access token to prevent third parties from extracting this private information. However, it may not be desirable to enter the private information if the user is in a public location, particularly if voice input is being used to enter the private information. This is because a passer-by or some other third party may overhear the private information. Even if a user entered the private information using keystrokes on a menu-based graphical user interface (GUI), there would still be the possibility of someone else “shoulder surfing” the user to observe the private information. 
       SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
       [0004]    Accordingly, the invention generally provides methods, systems, apparatus, and software for creating a visual access token that includes private information without having to enter that information directly. 
         [0005]    In addition to the Summary of Invention provided above and the subject matter disclosed below in the Detailed Description, the following paragraphs of this section are intended to provide further basis for alternative claim language for possible use during prosecution of this application, if required. If this application is granted, some aspects may relate to claims added during prosecution of this application, other aspects may relate to claims deleted during prosecution, other aspects may relate to subject matter never claimed. Furthermore, the various aspects detailed hereinafter are independent of each other, except where stated otherwise. Any claim corresponding to one aspect should not be construed as incorporating any element or feature of the other aspects unless explicitly stated in that claim. 
         [0006]    According to a first aspect there is provided a method of creating a visual access token, the method comprising: 
         [0007]    receiving an input referencing private information without revealing the private information; 
         [0008]    retrieving the referenced private information using the referencing input; 
         [0009]    encoding the retrieved private information as part of a visual image for use as a visual access token; and 
         [0010]    presenting the visual access token on a display of a portable communication device for machine reading. 
         [0011]    Receiving an input referencing private information without revealing the private information may include receiving a spoken input via a microphone associated with the portable communication device. Where the input is received via the microphone, voice to text software may be provided (locally or remotely) to create a text input from the spoken input. The text input may correspond to private information tagged with that text input. 
         [0012]    Alternatively, receiving an input referencing private information without revealing the private information may include receiving one or more keystrokes entered by a user on a keyboard. The keystrokes may select or correspond to a tag associated with the private information. The keyboard may comprise either a touch sensitive panel in registration with the display or physical keys. 
         [0013]    The input may be in the form of an instruction or a word or phrase that the user has associated with private information. 
         [0014]    Retrieving the referenced private information may include retrieving encrypted private information. 
         [0015]    Retrieving the referenced private information may include retrieving encrypted private information and then decrypting the encrypted private information prior to encoding the private information. This may be less desirable if the visual image is in the form of a standard symbology as third parties would be able to decode the visual image. However, this may be used in embodiments where a custom symbology is provided because third parties would not be able (or not easily able) to decode the symbology. 
         [0016]    Encoding the retrieved private information as part of a visual image for use as a visual access token may include using a conventional symbology to encode the retrieved private information. The conventional symbology may comprise a two-dimensional (2D) barcode symbology, such as a QR code (trade mark), a Data matrix code, or the like. 
         [0017]    The method may include the further step of encoding transaction information as part of the visual image, so that the visual image includes private information (such as identification information) and transaction information. 
         [0018]    According to a second aspect there is provided a portable communication device programmed to implement the method of the first aspect. 
         [0019]    The portable communication device may further comprise secure storage in which the private information is stored. 
         [0020]    The secure storage may be configured to respond only to a request from a program executed by the portable communication device. 
         [0021]    The private information may be protected by encryption. 
         [0022]    By virtue of this aspect, a portable communication device is operable to create a visual access token that includes private information without the user having to enter that private information when the visual access token is being created. This enables a user to enter private information once, when the user is located in a private environment. Thereafter, the user can reference the private information for use in creating a visual access token, without having to disclose the content of the private information. 
         [0023]    According to a third aspect there is provided a self-service terminal operable to read a visual access token displayed on a portable communication device, the self-service terminal comprising: 
         [0024]    an optical imager operable to read a visual access token on a display of a portable communication device; and 
         [0025]    a processor programmed to: (i) decode the read visual access token, (ii) extract private information from the decoded visual access token, and (iii) access an electronic resource using the extracted private information. 
         [0026]    The processor may be further programmed to (iv) request a user of the portable communication device to enter additional information to validate that user&#39;s identity. 
         [0027]    The processor may be programmed to (v) extract transaction information from the decoded visual access token, and (vi) execute a transaction based on the extracted private information and the extracted transaction information. 
         [0028]    The self-service terminal may be an automated teller machine (ATM), an information kiosk, a financial services centre, a bill payment kiosk, a lottery kiosk, a postal services machine, a check-in and/or check-out terminal such as those used in the retail, hotel, car rental, gaming, healthcare, and airline industries, and the like. 
         [0029]    By virtue of this aspect, a terminal can provide a user with access to an electronic resource (such as a Web site, a transaction authorization server, or the like) based on information extracted from a visual access token presented by the user. In addition to granting access to the electronic resource, the terminal may provide physical fulfillment (for example, dispensing of media) as a consequence of the electronic access. 
         [0030]    For clarity and simplicity of description, not all combinations of elements provided in the aspects recited above have been set forth expressly. Notwithstanding this, the skilled person will directly and unambiguously recognize that unless it is not technically possible, or it is explicitly stated to the contrary, the consistory clauses referring to one aspect are intended to apply mutatis mutandis as optional features of every other aspect to which those consistory clauses could possibly relate. 
         [0031]    These and other aspects will be apparent from the following specific description, given by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0032]      FIG. 1  is a simplified schematic diagram of a portable communication device programmed to create and display a visual access token in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0033]      FIG. 2  is a flowchart illustrating steps performed by the portable communication device of  FIG. 1  in creating a visual access token; 
           [0034]      FIG. 3  is a pictorial diagram illustrating a visual access token created by the steps illustrated in  FIG. 2  and an accompanying description, as presented on a display of the portable communication device of  FIG. 1 ; and 
           [0035]      FIG. 4  is a simplified schematic diagram illustrating a system including a networked self-service terminal configured to read the visual access token displayed by the portable communication device of  FIG. 1 . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0036]    Reference is first made to  FIG. 1 , which is a simplified schematic diagram of a portable communication device  10 , in the form of a cellular radiofrequency telephone (referred to hereinafter as a “cellphone”) programmed to create and display a visual access token in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment the cellphone is a Samsung Galaxy S (trade mark) handheld telephone executing the Android 2.1 (trade mark) operating system. 
         [0037]    The cellphone  10  comprises one or more processors  12 , non-volatile memory  14  (including removable and fixed secure digital memory cards), a data communications interface  16  (including a USB port), a display  18  and associated touch sensitive panel  20 , a power management circuit  22  (including a battery, recharging circuitry, and a connection for a DC power supply), a camera  30 , a cellular transceiver  32  (including an antenna), a loudspeaker  36 , and a microphone  38 . All of these components are conventional cellphone components. 
         [0038]    The cellphone  10  includes firmware  40  (labeled “F/W” in  FIG. 1 ) in non-volatile memory  14  for controlling the abovementioned components (such as the display  18 , the touch sensitive panel  20 , the camera  30 , and the like). 
         [0039]    The cellphone  10  also includes an operating system  42  (labeled “O.S.” in  FIG. 1 ), in the form of Android 2.1 (trade mark), and additional functional applications. Many of these functional applications provide functions that are not relevant to this embodiment, so will not be described herein. 
         [0040]    One of the functional applications that is relevant to this embodiment is a voice recognition application  44  (labeled “V/T” in  FIG. 1 ) provided by Google Inc. (trade mark) for the Android operating system and referred to as Android Speech Recognition. 
         [0041]    Another functional application used in this embodiment is a barcode scanning and encoding application  46  (labeled “2D” in  FIG. 1 ). This barcode application  46  is based on an open-source, multi-format 1D/2D barcode image processing library provided by Zxing (see http://code.google.com/p/zxing/ for more details). 
         [0042]    Another functional application used in this embodiment is a data retrieval application  48  (labeled “D/R” in  FIG. 1 ). This data retrieval application  48  allows a user to reference and retrieve private information indirectly (that is, without divulging the private information), as will be described in more detail below. 
         [0043]    The cellphone  10  includes a secure data store  50  in the non-volatile memory  14 , which only the data retrieval application  48  can access. 
         [0044]    The secure data store  50  is used to store private information relating to the user, such as login credentials, passwords, and the like. 
         [0045]    A user of the cellphone  10  (usually, but not necessarily the owner of the cellphone) can use the data retrieval application  48  to store private information and to tag this private information with a unique word or phrase. For example, in this embodiment, the user has saved login credentials and a URL for a social networking Web site (an electronic resource) in the secure data store  50 , and tagged these credentials with the word “Friends”. The user has also saved bank account information, including his account number and bank name, but not his personal identification number (PIN), and tagged these credentials with the word “Bank”. The user also includes a brief description of each of these tags (referred to herein as a description field). For example, the user describes the “Friends” tag as “Social networking login details” in the description field for the “Friends” tag; and the user describes the “Bank” tag as “Bank account without PIN” in the description field for the “Bank” tag. 
         [0046]    The operation of the cellphone  10  will now be described with reference to  FIG. 2 , which is a flowchart  100  illustrating steps performed by the cellphone  10  in creating a visual access token using these functional applications  44 , 46 , 48 . Reference will also be made to  FIG. 3 , which is a pictorial diagram of a visual access token  62  created by the steps of flowchart  100  and an accompanying description, as presented on a display of the cellphone  10 . 
         [0047]    Initially, the user of the cellphone  10  launches the data retrieval application  48  (step  102 ) either by using a keystroke on the touch sensitive panel  20  or by speaking an input into the microphone  38 . 
         [0048]    Once the data retrieval application  48  is executing, the user then speaks an input into the microphone  38 , which the voice recognition application  44  intercepts and receives as an audio signal (step  104 ). The input corresponds to one of the words used to tag the private information in the secure data store  50 . In this example, the input may be Friends or Bank (since these tags have already been assigned by the user). 
         [0049]    The voice recognition application  44  then transmits this audio signal to a remote server (not shown) (step  106 ) via the cellular transceiver  32 . The remote server processes this audio signal to recognize the word or words that were spoken by the user. The remote server then returns a list of the most probable words included in the audio signal, which list is received by the voice recognition application  44  (step  108 ). 
         [0050]    The voice recognition application  44  then passes this list of probable words to the data retrieval application  48  (step  110 ). 
         [0051]    The data retrieval application  48  then compares the list of probable words with the assigned tags (“Friends” and “Bank”) (step  112 ) to ascertain if there is a match (step  114 ). 
         [0052]    If there is no match, then the data retrieval application  48  indicates to the user that the spoken input was not understood and may invite the user to repeat the input (step  116 ). 
         [0053]    If there is a match between one of the words on the list of probable words and one of the tags (for example, the “Friends” tag), then the data retrieval application  48  uses the matched tag (that is, “Friends”) to access and retrieve private information stored in the secure data store  50  (step  118 ). 
         [0054]    The data retrieval application  48  then passes the retrieved private information to the barcode scanning and encoding application  46 , which creates a visual access token (in the form of a QR Code in this embodiment) encoding the retrieved private information (step  120 ). 
         [0055]    The data retrieval application  48  then presents a code combination  60  ( FIG. 3 ) on the display  18  (step  122 ). The code combination  60  comprises the created visual access token  62  (the QR code) and a text description  64  informing the user about what the visual access token contains. The text description  64  (in this example, “Social networking login details”) is retrieved from the description field for the “Friends” tag. The text description  64  provides the user with verification that the data retrieval application  48  has correctly interpreted the spoken input because it informs the user in a human readable manner about the type of information encoded in the visual access token. 
         [0056]    The user can then store this visual access token on the cellphone  10  for future use. One example of such a use is when the user wishes to present the visual access token  62  to a system to access an electronic resource, as will be described with reference to  FIG. 4 , which is a simplified schematic diagram illustrating a system  200  including a networked self-service terminal (in the form of an automated teller machine (ATM))  202  configured to read the visual access token  62  presented on display  18  of the cellphone  10 . 
         [0057]    The ATM  202  includes a barcode reader  204  (operable to capture and decode an image of a 1D or 2D barcode), in addition to an ATM processor  206  and various conventional ATM devices  208  (not shown in detail, but including a card reader, a receipt printer, a cash dispenser, and the like). 
         [0058]    The ATM  202  is coupled to a financial institution host  210  by a secure network  220  for authorizing transaction requests in the conventional manner. 
         [0059]    The ATM  202  can also connect to the Internet  230  via a secure gateway  232  to provide an ATM customer with access to certain Internet Web sites. It is contemplated that the ATM  202  may restrict access to some Web sites, or may only allow access to certain pre-approved Web sites or may retrieve content from a Web site and re-factor that content for presentation to the user, or extract portions of that content for presentation to the user. 
         [0060]    When the user desires to access the social networking Web site referenced by the user&#39;s private information, then the user requests the data retrieval application  48  to present the code combination  60  on the cellphone display  18 . 
         [0061]    The user then presents the code combination  60  to the ATM barcode reader  204 , which reads the visual access token  62  (the QR code). 
         [0062]    The ATM processor  206  then decodes the read visual access token  62 , extracts the encoded private information from the decoded visual access token  62 , and then uses the extracted private information (the Web site URL and login credentials of the social networking Web site) to access the social networking Web site via the Internet  230 , secure gateway  232 , and the secure network  220 . The ATM processor  206  is then able to present the user&#39;s social networking home page on a display of the ATM  202 . 
         [0063]    In other examples, the user may create an entire transaction that is stored in a visual access token. For example, the user may reference the “Bank” tag to include his/her bank account details, but the user may also enter into the cellphone  10  transaction details such as withdraw twenty dollars from my checking account and request a receipt. 
         [0064]    The barcode scanning and encoding application  46  would then create a visual access token that encodes the private bank account information and the transaction details. When the user presents this to the ATM  202  on the display  18  of his/her cellphone  10 , the ATM processor  206  decodes this visual access token, then requests the user to enter a PIN (since this is not encoded in the visual access token in this embodiment). If the ATM supports multiple authentication techniques (such as PIN, passbook, pictorial PIN, and the like), then the visual access token may also indicate which authentication method the user prefers to use. The visual access token may also indicate other preferences, such as language, text size on the display, transaction amounts to be displayed, and the like. 
         [0065]    The ATM processor  206  would then use the extracted transaction details from the decoded visual access token, the extracted bank account information, and the entered PIN, to execute a transaction for the user. 
         [0066]    It should now be appreciated that these embodiments allow a user to create a visual token that includes private information by referencing the private information (using a predefined tag) without having to divulge the private information. 
         [0067]    Various modifications may be made to the above described embodiment within the scope of the invention, for example, in other embodiments a different type of cellphone and operating system may be used than those described above. 
         [0068]    In other embodiments, the voice recognition application may process audio signals locally instead of sending them to a remote server. Alternatively, the voice recognition application may transmit signals to a remote server using a different communications technology than cellular transmission. 
         [0069]    In other embodiments, the user may enter details using keystrokes rather than spoken inputs. 
         [0070]    In other embodiments, a different form of visual access token may be used, such as a different 2D barcode symbology, a visual code other than a barcode, or the like. 
         [0071]    The steps of the methods described herein may be carried out in any suitable order, or simultaneously where appropriate. The methods described herein may be performed by software in machine readable form on a tangible storage medium or as a propagating signal. 
         [0072]    The terms “comprising”, “including”, “incorporating”, and “having” are used herein to recite an open-ended list of one or more elements or steps, not a closed list. When such terms are used, those elements or steps recited in the list are not exclusive of other elements or steps that may be added to the list. 
         [0073]    Unless otherwise indicated by the context, the terms “a” and “an” are used herein to denote at least one of the elements, integers, steps, features, operations, or components mentioned thereafter, but do not exclude additional elements, integers, steps, features, operations, or components. 
         [0074]    The presence of broadening words and phrases such as “one or more,” “at least,” “but not limited to” or other similar phrases in some instances does not mean, and should not be construed as meaning, that the narrower case is intended or required in instances where such broadening phrases are not used.
A method of creating a visual access token is described. The method comprises: receiving an input referencing private information without revealing the private information; retrieving the referenced private information using the referencing input; encoding the retrieved private information as part of a visual image for use as a visual access token; and presenting the visual access token on a display of a portable communication device for machine reading.