RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application claims priority, under 35 U.S.C. 119(e), of U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/742,704, filed on Dec. 5, 2005, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to applications and systems for televisions that have a digital video camera attached, and in particular to personal viewing settings, parental control and energy saving controls of the television. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     There have been many research achievements in vision technologies and some of them have become feasible for practical applications, such as face detection and recognition. At the same time, digital video cameras, especially the low resolution Web cameras (webcams), are made very cheap and have become largely available for daily applications in the price aspect. 
     Digital television industry will benefit from these two facts by attempting connecting a TV set to a video camera. The challenge is in developing systems and applications based on the vision technology achievements. There is, therefore, a need for new systems and applications that combine television together with a digital video camera. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An object of the present invention is to provide new systems and applications that combine television together with a digital video camera. In one embodiment, the present invention provides systems and related methods and applications for using a digital video camera together with a television set. The present invention addresses components of the new systems that combine television and video camera and addresses new applications and corresponding methods that improve the performance of a television with the help of live video feed from the digital video camera. 
     With the attached video camera, the television applies face detection and recognition techniques to find out who the viewer is and automatically changes to the viewer&#39;s favorite settings and/or apply the preset parental control for this viewer. The face detection output could also help the energy saving controls of the television. 
     These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become understood with reference to the following description, appended claims and accompanying figures. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  shows a functional block diagram of a system according to an embodiment of the present invention, which provides personal settings, parental control, and energy saving control of television with digital video camera combination. 
         FIG. 2  shows a functional block diagram of the controller module of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3  shows a flowchart of an example face detection approach implemented in the controller module of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 4  shows a functional block diagram of the decision making module of the controller module of  FIG. 1 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       FIG. 1  shows a functional block diagram of a system  100 , according to an embodiment of the present invention, which provides personal settings, parental control, and energy saving control of television with digital video camera combination. The system  100  comprises a television display  102 , a parameter setting module  204 , a remote control  106 , a controller module  108  and a digital video camera  110 . The television display is further connected to a parameter setting module  104 . Module  104  can be either in television or set-top box. 
     Different ways of integrating the above components are contemplated by the present invention. In one example, the camera  110 , the controller module  108 , the parameter setting module  104  and the display  102  are integrated (embedded) in a television set. In another example, the controller module  108 , the parameter setting module  104  and the television display  102  are integrated in a TV set, and the camera  110  is then connected to the controller module  108 . In another example, the television display  102  is a common TV set, but connected to a set-top box into which the controller module  108 , the parameter setting module  104  and the camera  110  are integrated. Yet in another example, the television display  102  connects to a set-top box embeds the parameter setting module  104 , the controller module  108 , to which the camera  110  is then connected. Other ways of integrating/embedding the above components are possible and contemplated by the present invention, and the example system block diagram. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates functional interaction of the modules  102 - 110  for any one of the above examples. The camera  110  outputs video signals (i.e., video stream) to the controller module  108 , and receives control signals (e.g., on/off, zooming, panning, etc.) from the controller module  108 . The controller module  108  receives input from the parameter setting module  104  of the television, and selectively routes the video stream from the camera  110  to the television display  102 . The camera  110  is positioned such that the faces of viewers of the television  102  are within the field of view of the camera  110 . Further, more than once camera  110  may be utilized and connected to the controller module  108 . 
     The controller module  108  further generates control signals to the parameter setting module  104 , to change the current settings of the television display  102 . The parameter setting module  104  further receives input signals from the remote control  106  and generates setting signals to the television display  102 . The setting signals include whether to show a live video stream from the camera  110 , in a PIP (picture in picture) mode or full screen mode, whether to show the input TV video signals connected directly to the Television with the current settings, or limit the input channels, etc. 
     The camera  100  may have different resolution and frame rates, and can be e.g. an infrared camera. The video captured by the digital video camera  110  is directly sent to the controller module  108  which, based on need/command, transforms the video format to one of the formats the television display  102  can render. The controller module  108  is able to output a control signal to switch on and off the video camera  110 . If the digital video camera  110  has zooming or panning functionality, the controller module  108  is also capable of output the corresponding control signals to control these functions. 
       FIG. 2  shows a functional block diagram of the controller module  108 , according to an embodiment of the present invention. The controller module include storage (e.g., RAM)  111 , image/video processing module  112 , face detection module  114 , face registration and training module  116 , face recognition module  118 , and decision making module  120 . 
     The image/video processing module  112  preprocesses the video signals from the video camera  110 , by for example, changing the video resolution and frame rate so that the television display  102  can display the video signal from a webcam  110 . The input video signal from the camera  110  is also processed by module  112  before sending to the face detection module  114  for detecting faces in the video frames from the camera  110 . 
     The face detection module  114  outputs the location and size of the face(s) detected. For face detection, some pre-trained data is needed, which is stored in the storage module  111  of the controller module  108 . The output of face detection module  114  can be directly sent to the decision making module  120  to select energy-saving functions such as e.g. automatic power-off. The output from face detection module  114  can also be provided to the face registration and training module  116  which is activated by signal from module  104  for face registration for new users/viewers. 
     The new training faces are stored in the storage module  111  and all the training faces are used for a training process which outputs some parameters (i.e., the data needed for face recognition, such as like for thresholds, etc.), for the face recognition module  118 . These parameters are again stored in the storage  111 . The output from the face detection module  114  can also be provided to the face recognition module  118  which based on the parameters stored in the storage  111 , generates a face identification (Face ID) for the decision making module  120 . 
     The decision making module  120  controls the video camera  110  based on input from the parameter setting module  104 , and outputs personal settings to the parameter setting module  114  based on the Face ID and the pre-stored settings in the storage  111 . An advanced parental control function can also be turned on through the remote control so that the decision making module  120  records/logs a user&#39;s channel surfing activity into the storage  111  and outputs the surfing activity records to the television display  102  for review. 
     The parameter setting module  104  accepts input from the controller module  108  change the current settings of the television display  102 . The parameter setting module  104  can also accept user commands from the remote control  106  for parameter settings, and also transfer some control signals from the remote control  106  to the controller module  108 , for example, switching on/off the video camera  110 . 
     The remote control  106  is used by the user to command the various modules  102 ,  104 ,  108  and  110  in  FIG. 1 . The basic remote control function for the digital video camera  110  is switching it on/off. The switching on/off signal can be sent to the decision making module  120  of the control unit through the parameter setting module  104 . The decision making module  120  then transfers the switch on signal to the video camera  110  to turn it on. However, for the turning off signal, the decision making module  120  first determines whether the current user has the authority to turn off the video camera  110 , and then sends out the off signal if the current user has such authority. Otherwise, the camera switch off signal is ignored. 
     Another function of the remote control  106  is face registration mode. In this mode, the face registration and training module  116  adds a face detected to a database, wherein the new user&#39;s name can be edited via the remote control  106 . 
     Many approaches for face detection and recognition exist, and any one of such approaches can be implemented in the controller module  108 . A brief example process for the face detection module  114  is shown in  FIG. 3 . 
     Every possible face candidate, no matter the size and location, is extracted from the frame luminance component for testing. All the candidates in a scene input frame are tested by mapping to a binary value, and detected multiple overlapped faces are merged together to obtain a single output. As such, for each input frame, every possible face candidate, no matter the size and location, is extracted from the luminance component of the input image for testing (step  150 ). The candidate image window is first scaled to a standard size, for example, 24×24 (step  152 ). Therefore, there will be a 24×24=384 different grayscale values for each candidate. The 384 different grayscale values are then passed through a function F d  that inputs these grayscales I and outputs a scale value, which is then thresholded to obtain a binary result d=F d (I) (step  154 ). If the result is 1, then the candidate is detected as a face, otherwise, it is not a face. The function used to map a standard size window of grayscale values to a binary range includes a set of parameters, which can be obtained offline and then stored in the storage  111 . 
     During offline training for the parameters of F d , we manually label a large number of faces f i , 1≦i≦N f , and non-faces n j , 1≦j≦N n , where N f  is the number of face samples and the N n , is the number of non-face samples. We find a set of optimal parameters of F d , such that the detection error for the samples is minimized, as: 
     
       
         
           
             
               
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     For a real face in a video frame, there may be many candidates around this face being detected as a face. These detections have overlaps and are then merged together (in step  156 ) based on the overlapping to a single detection and this single detection result is output (in step  158 ) to face classification. 
     The next step can be face registration or face recognition. The TV display  102  includes an empty user list, and all the new users need to be registered. A face registration process can be started from the remote control  106  by an administrative user of the TV display  102 , who will initially have access to the face registration mode through a password. After this administrative user&#39;s face is registered, no password will be needed if his face is detected by the face recognition module  118 . 
     To register a new user, the administrative user needs to use the remote control  106  to enter the face registration mode. In this mode, the television  102  will show images of a new user directly from the video camera  110 , and the user can freeze an image once a good view of the new user is captured. The new user&#39;s face is detected and marked with a box, and is then be confirmed by the administrative user through the remote control  106 . After confirmation, the detected face is scaled to a standard size and then stored in the storage  111  of the controller module  108 . For each new user, a number of faces need to be stored for a better recognition performance. User name is also entered through the remote control  106 . 
     After the registration of all users, a function F r  in module  116  is trained to map from a standard size (e.g. 24×24) to a value ranging from 0 to n, assuming there are n different registered faces. The function F r  takes the grayscales I as input and outputs a category value r=F r (I), where r=i means the candidate face is face i, and there is no match when r=0. A simple approach for face recognition module  118  involves computing the Euclidean distance from the candidate face from the stored registered faces, wherein the output category corresponds to the smallest value, if smaller than a threshold. If all distance is larger than the threshold, the output is 0. 
     Other faces recognition approaches can be used to train such a function F r  and its parameters Θ such that: 
     
       
         
           
             
               
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     All the parameters needed for calculating the function F r  are stored in the storage  111  in the controller module  108 . 
     In the regular viewing mode, other than the face registration mode, the result from the face detection module  114  is sent to the face recognition module  118 . The face recognition module  118  uses the parameters stored in the storage  111  to obtain a face category number. This number (i.e., the face ID number) is used by the decision making module  120  to make further control decisions. 
     Using the face detection and recognition modules  114 ,  118 , many applications can be added to the television system  100 . Three example types of applications according to the present invention include: personal TV settings, parental controls and energy saving controls.  FIG. 4  shows a functional block diagram of the decision making module  114  of the controller module  108 , wherein based on said three example applications the decision making module  114  includes: a personal settings control module  132 , a parental control module  134  and an energy savings control module  136 . The decision making module  120  further includes input/output control module  130 . The decision making block  120  has inputs and outputs same as in  FIG. 2 , and the input/output control module  130  therein takes input from modules  104 ,  111  and output to modules  104 ,  111  and camera  110 . 
     Personal Settings Functions 
     The personal settings control module  132  provides personal TV setting application. Based on the video captured by the video camera  110 , the face detection and recognition modules  114 ,  118  determine the viewer(s) and send the information to the personal setting module  132 . Module  132  adaptively adjust the television settings based on the viewer(s), the current settings information from input/output control module  130  and output adjusted settings information to module  130 . Such settings include e.g. video settings, audio settings, channel settings, etc. The video settings include e.g. color and tint settings, brightness settings, contrast settings, gamma settings, sharpness settings, color temperature settings, etc. The audio settings include e.g. volume settings, adjusting a sound system setting based on the location of the viewer, speaker settings, audio effects settings, etc. Channel settings include e.g. enabling or disabling particular channels, loading a favorite channel set, etc. 
     For each registered viewer, there is a profile stored in the storage  111  of the controller module  108 . When a registered viewer is detected by the face recognition module  118  as the only viewer, all the settings that changed by this viewer are recorded in the storage  111  as the current profile of the viewer. Module  130  has output signals to both storage  111  for recording commands, and parameter setting module  104 . The next time when the television  102  is turned on and this viewer is the only viewer, based on signals from the module  130 , the settings in the viewer&#39;s profile are loaded from the storage  111  to the parameter settings module  114  of the television by the decision making module  120 . If there are multiple users detected, the personal settings will not be loaded and the new settings during this viewing period will not be recorded. 
     In addition, based on the videos captured from the digital video camera  110 , the image/video processing module  112  ( FIG. 2 ) can estimate the lighting condition of the surroundings. Based on the estimation, the controller module  108  will then adaptively adjust the color settings of the television display  102  to optimize the viewer&#39;s perception under different lighting conditions. Further, with a detected face, the decision module  120  can compute the distance between the viewer and the television display  102  (e.g., based on size of the face) and accordingly adjust the TV video, color tuning, audio settings, etc., for the particular distance to improve the performance of the television  102 . 
     The module  108  can further implement receiving video signal from the camera  110 , detecting and recognizing particular motions in image of a person in the video signal via modules  114 - 118 , and performing an intelligent task based on recognized motions via module  120 . 
     In another implementation, the module  120  selectively performs: turning on the television display, turning off the television display, changing channels, tuning to a particular channel, changing television display speaker volume, selecting a preset color/sound mode, etc. 
     Parental Control Functions 
     For each new user that is registered, the administrative user (e.g., a parent) can set the accessible channels for that new user (e.g., child). By default, all the channels are accessible. With parental control module  134 , the administrative user can block particular channels or select particular accessible channels. Based on the output from the video camera  110 , the face detection and recognition modules  114 ,  118  determine who the viewer is. Under control of parental control module  134 , if there is only one viewer, that viewer&#39;s accessible channels are enabled and other channels are blocked, and when multiple viewers are detected, the union of the accessible channels from all these viewers becomes accessible. 
     The input from module  118  to the parental control module  134  includes viewer ids. Outputs of module  134  include determined accessible channel list, recording commands, etc. Module  130  provides accessible channel list for each viewer as stored in memory, to module  134 . 
     In addition, under control of parental control module  134 , the administrative user can set whether to record the channel surfing activities for each viewer. If this is set, when a viewer is detected, the channel surfing activities of the viewer are recorded (via a command from module  134  through the input/output control module  130 ) in the storage ill, and the administrative user uses the remote control  106  to review these activities. Those activities may include e.g. the start viewing time, end viewing time of each channel viewed by the viewer, etc. 
     The administrative user can also set a quota for each viewer (user). Once this is set for a viewer, and that viewer is detected as one of the viewers, his/her viewing time is counted by sub-module  134 . The quota can be a daily quota, weekly quota, a one-time-viewing quota, etc. If all the detected viewers have reached their quota, the television  102  automatically powers off based on command from module  134  through input output control module  130 . Daily quota and weekly quota will be reset automatically at the beginning of each day/week by module  134 . 
     Using the remote control  104 , the administrative user can also control the accessible input sources of the television  102 . In example, if a DVD player is connected to a DVI-1 input of the television  102 , and a game station output is connected to a HDMI interface of the television  102 . Further, using the remote control  104 , the administrative user can control the accessible input source for each viewer and set another time quota for each of the input sources. For example, the input source from DVD players might be disabled for one viewer, and the input source from Play Station may be subject to another time quota of usage for this viewer. 
     Improved Energy Saving Functions 
     As shown in  FIG. 4 , the output from the face detection module  114  is directly sent to the energy saving control module  136 . Based on the output from the face detection module  114 , if there is no viewer in front of the TV  102  for a certain amount of time, the energy saving control module  136  sends control signals (through input/output control module  130 ) so that the television  102  turn down its brightness and eventually turn off the power. The brightness is turned back up by the TV  102  if there is some reaction to the turning down, with the command from decision making module  120 . If there is no reaction, the TV  102  is turned off, with the command from decision making module  120  after a certain amount of time. 
     Screen saver mode can also be available for television  102 , with the output from face detection module  114 . Instead of turning down the brightness, the television  102  can be switched to a screen saver mode, with a command from decision making module  120 . In screen saver mode, for instance, the television  102  can be showing the family albums stored in the storage module  111 . 
     Module  118  signals modules  132  and  134  with the viewer ids, and module  114  signals whether there is any viewer. Sub-modules  132 ,  134  and  136  signal commands out through input output control module  130 . All sub-modules  132 ,  134  and  136  interact with the storage module  111  and remote control  104  through the input/output control module  130 . 
     While the present invention is susceptible of embodiments in many different forms, these are shown in the drawings and herein described in detail, preferred embodiments of the invention with the understanding that this description is to be considered as an exemplification of the principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the broad aspects of the invention to the embodiments illustrated. The aforementioned example architectures above according to the present invention can be implemented in many ways, such as program instructions for execution by a processor, as logic circuits, as ASIC, as firmware, etc., as is known to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the example embodiments described herein. 
     The present invention has been described in considerable detail with reference to certain preferred versions thereof; however, other versions are possible. Therefore, the spirit and scope of the appended claims should not be limited to the description of the preferred versions contained herein.
A digital system is provided that combines a digital video camera with television displays, and controlled by a controller module to enhance television performance according to personal television settings, parental controls and energy saving functions, achieved by utilizing the camera and face detection/recognition methods implemented in the controller module.