[0001]    This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61182240, filed 29 May 2009 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The striking beauty of any cut and polished gemstone emanates from its inherent physical and optical properties together with a cutter&#39;s ability to maximize these properties 
         [0003]    For decades, a great effort and research was invested to accurately evaluate the beauty of gemstones and to suggest new superior cuts. 
         [0004]    One of the earliest articles on this subject, named ‘Diamond Design’ was published in 1919 by Tolkovski. It presents a new round cut, whose parameters&#39; values follow a 2D mathematical model of diamond cut and ray tracing and an optimization algorithm for brilliancy and fire. 
         [0005]    A new horizon for finding solutions to these subjects aroused at the computers era, when sufficient compute power was available. Then the mission of 3D gemstones modeling, 3D light modeling, 3D light ray tracing and mathematical models for gemstone&#39;s cut beauty became feasible, by using software means, hardware means or designing dedicated devices to these issues. 
         [0006]    Stern analysis (1975) focuses on far field light pattern behavior for simulated 3D light directed perpendicular to the gem&#39;s cut table, to give suggestions of good couples of pavilion and crown angles, and doesn&#39;t widen his ideas to suggest methods for grading gems. 
         [0007]    Gelman (1980) simulates 3D sun light interaction with 3D gem cut, no restriction of simulated light direction is assumed. She suggests mathematical estimators to the gem&#39;s cut Brilliancy, Fire, Scintillation and calculates the scattering pattern of these parameters, revealed by the near field light distributions, for light that exits the stone. In addition she suggests a weighted grade based on these estimators and scattering patterns. 
         [0008]    Shigetomi in U.S. Pat. No. 4,647,194 (March 1987) invented a device to view the gemstone, comprising a box-like body, with a light source on its bottom, a magnifying glass equipped with a red colored disk and a viewing window on its top, and a location for the gem on its mid part. The light that emanates from the light source is reflected from the red disk, enters the stone and creates a colored light pattern view. 
         [0009]    Yamashita in U.S. Pat. No. 5,260,763 (November 1993) invented a device to view and photograph the gemstone, whose light source is controlled physically by a sliding semi transparent part of its tubular structure and reflected from the cylindrical interior of the tube through the gemstone to the viewing means (eye or camera). 
         [0010]    The CGA software (CutGrade Analyzer ™), After accurately scanning and measuring the diamond, evaluates and grades the diamond&#39;s light performance parameters—brilliancy, fire, and scintillation, accompanied by explanatory images and graphs. In addition it calculates and shows the scattering of this parameters, as well as the pattern of angular light directions that leave the gemstone, (viewed by near field approach, at the stone&#39;s entrance surface or leaving surface, or by far field approach). It can compare the diamond&#39;s light performance to any chosen reference stone, or to out-of-the-box reference stones corresponding to the best known cuts according to worldwide gem labs. 
         [0011]    Gilbertston in U.S. Pat. No. 6,795,171 (September 2004) invents a device to view the gemstone trough a disk of multiple colored concentric rings, or trough a cylinder of multicolored bands, to allow symmetry and brightness of the stone to be evaluated. 
         [0012]    These devices cannot produce adequate characteristic light patterns that reveal information about the gemstone&#39;s cut symmetry: Both Gilbertston (U.S. Pat. No. 6,785,171) and Yamashita (U.S. Pat. No. 5,260,763) patented inventions create light patterns, for restricted light entrance directions controlled by ring or band objects (U.S. Pat. No. 6,785,171), or tubular slider position (U.S. Pat. No. 5,260,763). Since the entering light directions and the light propagation path are not homogenous, the produced patterns are not signatures that explicitly reveal the gemstone&#39;s proportions or symmetry. 
         [0013]    Shigetomi patented invention that creates light patterns produced by the propagation of light reflected from a spherical disk, suffers from the same problem, and does not represent adequately the stone&#39;s proportion or symmetry. 
         [0014]    Underwood in U.S. Pat. No. 7,193,694 (March 2007) developed an apparatus that comprises a laser that sends a perpendicular beam to the gemstone&#39;s table, an integration sphere and a gemstone holder. While the gemstone mechanically rotates, the integration sphere measures the total intensity of light emitted by the gemstone. The data from the integration sphere are recorded, and can supply a plot of this integrated light intensity versus the rotation angle. These data are the essence of the proposed symmetry and proportion analysis. But an analysis based on these data, is incapable to isolate the real symmetry and proportions of the gemstone cut, but is an overall integration of symmetry properties, which misses the objective properties that are found only in specifically detailed data. 
         [0015]    The prior art devices and methods for determination of gemstone&#39;s cut symmetry and proportion quality and quantity, fails to create a system that isolates implicitly these parameters or a process that produces data that carry exclusive information about the cut symmetry and proportion. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0016]    The invention presents a system and method for grading and evaluating gemstones, comprising methods for evaluation and representation of a gemstone&#39;s cut symmetry and proportions quality and quantity. 
         [0017]    The invented system and method are based on creation and analysis of plurality of data sets, which convey information about the gemstone&#39;s cut symmetry and proportion quality and quantity. 
         [0018]    These ordered data sets can contribute a significant acceleration to computerized light propagation processes for grading gemstones. 
         [0019]    The method step of organizing data sets can be done according to different predetermined laws. 
         [0020]    In one embodiment of the system and method, 
         [0021]    A faceted gemstone is simulated, 
         [0022]    A layer description of facets, ruled by vertical distance from the facets center of mass to the cut sting, is added, for immediate or delayed creation of ordered data sets. 
         [0023]    Light propagation through the 3D simulated faceted gemstone, is simulated and plurality of light propagation data sets, tagged by layer combinations along the trajectory are created and recorded. 
         [0024]    A provided analysis of these ordered data sets is efficient for cut grading the symmetry and proportion of gemstones. 
         [0025]    The system comprises: 
         [0026]    The Processing means. 
         [0027]    The optical approach and model, 
         [0028]    A physical gemstone or a virtual 3D model of the gemstone (comprising geometry and optics of the gemstone), 
         [0029]    An illumination model (comprising light sources or energy sources), 
         [0030]    Modeling of the illumination propagation towards and trough the gemstone and to the recording means, 
         [0031]    Structured data recording means, 
         [0032]    Structured recorded data, 
         [0033]    Data presentation and data analysis, 
         [0034]    Cut symmetry and proportions quality and quantity evaluation 
         [0035]    Acceleration method of grading processes based on light propagation simulation (including brilliancy, fire, scintillation etc&#39;) 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING 
         [0036]      FIG. 1  is a flow chart of procedures for evaluation of cut symmetry and proportions quality and quantity. 
           [0037]      FIG. 2  is a flow chart of data sets creation for a preferred embodiment performed by a computer simulation. 
           [0038]      FIG. 3  is a diagram of optional output light models. 
           [0039]      FIG. 4  is a diagram of optional data origin resources 
           [0040]      FIG. 5  is a diagram of optional invention realization means. 
           [0041]      FIG. 6  is a diagram of optional logic for making rules that control the grouping process of the gemstone&#39;s facets or sub regions of facets. 
           [0042]      FIG. 7  is a diagram of optional methods of light trace simulation, for an embodiment of the invention realized by light propagation simulation. 
           [0043]      FIG. 8  shows a flow chart illustrating the main steps for evaluation of gemstones. 
           [0044]      FIG. 9  shows a ray light propagation through a gemstone model, for a brilliant diamond cut. 
           [0045]      FIGS. 10(   a ) and  10 ( b ) show light distribution patterns of a brilliant cut for output light near field approach model  204 . The cut in  FIG. 10(   b ) is rotated upside down by 180 degrees relative to the cut in  FIG. 10(   a ). 
           [0046]      FIG. 11  shows the light distribution pattern accepted by far field approach model  203 , and recorded on the output surface  207 , for a brilliant cut. 
           [0047]      FIG. 12  shows a brilliant gemstone cut model whose facets are partitioned to groups, defined by the range of the 3 rd  axes of the facets central gravity point, to the 3 rd  axes zero point. Alternating black and white colors mark the different facets groups. 
           [0048]      FIGS. 13(   a ) through  13 ( d ) show the light data patterns associated with group trajectories, for one embodiment of scenario of light and gemstone, and of group trajectories selection and representation. (Collected while simulating light propagation through the gemstone of  FIG. 7)   
           [0049]      FIG. 14  shows a ray light propagation through a gemstone model, for a princess diamond cut. 
           [0050]      FIGS. 15(   a ) and  15 ( b ) show light distribution patterns of a princess cut for output light near field approach model  204 . The cut of figure  FIG. 15(   b ) is rotated upside down by 180 degrees relative to the cut of  FIG. 15(   a ). 
           [0051]      FIG. 16  shows the light distribution pattern accepted by far field approach model  203 , and recorded on the output surface  207 , for a princess cut. 
           [0052]      FIG. 17  shows a flow chart of one step from a traveling ray intersection with the gemstone. 
           [0053]      FIG. 18  shows a princess gemstone cut model whose facets are partitioned to groups, defined by the range of the 3 rd  axes of the facets central gravity point, to the 3 rd  axes zero point. Alternating black and white colors mark the different facets groups. 
           [0054]      FIGS. 19(   a ) through  19 ( d ) show the light data patterns associated with group trajectories, for one embodiment of scenario of light and gemstone, and of group trajectories selection and representation. (Collected while simulating light propagation through the gemstone of  FIG. 14 , for several light trajectories retrieved using the facets grouping rule of  FIG. 18)   
           [0055]      FIG. 20  is princess gemstone cut model whose facets are partitioned to groups, defined by range intervals of the 3 rd  axes of the facets central gravity point, to the 3 rd  axes zero point. Alternating black and white colors mark the different facets groups. 
           [0056]      FIGS. 21(   a ) through  21 ( d ) show the light data patterns associated with group trajectories, for one embodiment of scenario of light and gemstone, and of group trajectories selection and representation. (Collected while simulating light propagation through the gemstone of  FIG. 14 , for several light trajectories retrieved using the facets grouping rule of  FIG. 20)   
           [0057]      FIGS. 22(   a ) through  22 ( d ) show the light data patterns associated with group trajectories, for one embodiment of scenario of light and gemstone, positioned upside down, and of group trajectories selection and representation. (Collected while simulating light propagation through the gemstone of  FIG. 14 , rotated by 180 degrees upside down and for several light trajectories retrieved using the facets grouping rule of  FIG. 20) . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0058]    1.0 Preview 
         [0059]    The invention presents a system and method for gemstones cut grading, based on creation and analysis of plurality of data sets, conveying information about the gemstone cut symmetry and the gemstone cut proportion quality and quantity. Processes for gemstones cut grading, based on light propagation simulation, can be accelerated by using these data sets. 
         [0060]    2.0 Environment 
         [0061]    The environment of the invention comprises resources or processes to create or record or analyze a plurality of data sets that convey information about light patterns and trajectories of light through the gemstone&#39;s cut. 
         [0062]    Parts of the comprised environmental resources or processes are depicted schematically in  FIG. 3 ,  FIG. 4 ,  FIG. 5 ,  FIG. 6 ,  FIG. 7 . 
         [0063]    Following there is a description of another environmental component, the illumination model 
         [0064]    3.0 Illumination Model 
         [0065]    The illumination model is an environmental parameter of the present system and invention. 
         [0066]    The illumination model can be a collection of different electromagnetic waves at the range 0.1 μ  to 1 mm . It can be classified in several levels comprising: 
         [0067]    Coherent/Non Coherent/Partial Coherent 
         [0068]    Monochromatic/Near Monochromatic 
         [0069]    Collection of electromagnetic waves (0.1 μ  to 1 mm ) with different wavelengths, 
         [0070]    “White” non coherent illumination (natural or man made devices), 
         [0071]    Collimated beam, 
         [0072]    Structured beam, 
         [0073]    Modulated beam, 
         [0074]    Laser beam TEM00 or TEM factor sq M, 
         [0075]    Wave pocket, 
         [0076]    In a preferred embodiment the illumination is sun light or monochromatic. 
         [0077]    Other embodiments, for different illumination models, can be employed without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, as would be apparent for one skilled in the relevant art. 
         [0078]    In order to simplify the description of the invention, next we focus on a description of preferred embodiments. 
         [0079]    Other embodiments can be employed without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, as would be apparent for one skilled in the relevant art. 
         [0080]    4.0 Description of One Preferred Embodiment of the Invention 
         [0081]    In one preferred embodiment of the invention, 
         [0082]    The invention application is performed by a computerized simulation. Output light distribution patterns tagged by facets&#39; group combinations are calculated, for simulated light that propagates through the gemstone&#39;s cut, where: 
         [0083]    The gemstone is a 3D faceted geometric object (see examples in  FIG. 9  and  FIG. 14 ) 
         [0084]    The illumination is sun light or monochromatic and it emits the stone directed perpendicular to the cut&#39;s table plane, and simulated at reverse. 
         [0085]    See examples of output light distribution patterns for a near field approach model  204 : 
         [0086]    For a brilliant cut, in  FIG. 10(   a ), 
         [0087]    For rotated (upside down) brilliant cut in  FIG. 10(   b ), 
         [0088]    For a princess cut in  FIG. 15(   a ), 
         [0089]    For rotated (upside down) princess cut in  FIG. 15(   b ). 
         [0090]    See examples of output light distribution patterns for a far field approach model  207 : 
         [0091]    For a brilliant cut in  FIG. 11 , 
         [0092]    For a princess cut in  FIG. 16 . 
         [0093]    The comprised groups of facets are for groups determined by layers description of facets, ruled by vertical distance from the facets center of mass to the cut sting. See three examples of facets groups: one example for brilliant cut in  FIG. 12  and two examples for princess cut, on  FIG. 18  and on  FIG. 20 . 
         [0094]    In a preferred embodiment of the invention, 
         [0095]    The simulation of light propagation follows ray trace method  650  or wave front trace method  654 , in  FIG. 7 . 
         [0096]    The traced light propagation is recorded and creates a data base  154 , together with added facet&#39;s group values, and groups&#39; trajectory. This data base can be used for immediate or later creation of plurality of light propagation data sets, or of plurality of light distribution data sets, tagged by groups&#39; path combinations. See  FIG. 2  a flow chart of the method of creation and processing data sets for a preferred embodiment based on computer simulation. 
         [0097]    Referring to the flow chart on  FIG. 2 , the light distribution pattern images comprised in the data sets are either sorted in step  160 , where in one preferred embodiment the sorting parameter is the lighted area integral or the light intensity image integral, or mapped, see steps  168 ,  170 , in another preferred embodiment, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. 
         [0098]    In one preferred embodiment the weights w i  in step  160  get value w i =1 for i&lt;=K, and w i =0 
         [0099]    For i&gt;K, where 1&lt;=K&lt;=N (N: total number of trajectories groups), and K is chosen to fulfill the requirement that the mask generated by the sum of images {IG I(n) : 1&lt;=n&lt;=K} covers a required percentage (e.g. 90%) of the intensity mask of the output light surface  202  in  FIG. 3 . 
         [0100]    Referring to the light propagation data sets, 
         [0101]      FIG. 13(   a ) exemplifies images, for the brilliant cut of  FIG. 9  and facets groups as shown in  FIG. 12 . 
         [0102]    Namely,  FIG. 13(   a ) shows the images: 
         [0103]    {IG I(n) &gt;0: 1&lt;=n&lt;=12}. Each image refers to a unique path of facets&#39; groups, and is a black/white colored image that shows the mask of a light pattern for an output light model surface  202   
         [0104]    Referring to the number of data sets presented at  FIG. 13 , they are positioned at the 1, . . . ,12 indexes on the sorted data sets list,  160  in  FIG. 2 . 
         [0105]    Similarly,  FIG. 19(   a ) exemplifies this embodiment&#39;s data base, for the princess cut of  FIG. 14  and facets groups as shown in  FIG. 18 . 
         [0106]      FIG. 21(   a ) exemplifies images, for the princess cut of  FIG. 14  and facets groups as shown in  FIG. 20 . 
         [0107]      FIG. 22(   a ) exemplifies images, for the rotated upside down, princess cut of  FIG. 14  and facets groups as shown in  FIG. 20 . 
         [0108]      FIGS. 13(   b ),  19 ( b ),  21 ( b ),  22 ( b ) present transformed images of the images in  FIGS. 13(   a ),  19 ( a ),  21 ( a ),  21 ( a ) correspondingly, where the transformation is from Cartesian coordinates to polar coordinates (range versus 0-360 degree) 
         [0109]      FIGS. 13(   c ),  19 ( c ),  21 ( c ),  22 ( c ) present graph images originated from the images in  FIGS. 13(   b ),  19 ( b ),  21 ( b ),  21 ( b ) correspondingly, where the n th  graph (1&lt;=n&lt;=12) integrates the n th  image in the range direction, to show the sum (covered area) versus degree (0-360 deg.) 
         [0110]      FIGS. 13(   d ),  19 ( d ),  21 ( d ),  22 ( d ) Are graphs of weighted sums of the image graphs presented on  FIGS. 13(   c ),  19 ( c ),  21 ( c ),  22 ( c ) correspondingly. 
         [0111]    The symmetry of these graphs reflects the gemstone&#39;s symmetry. It can be calculated by methods like dividing a graph into sub graphs, and measuring the mutual correlation between these sub graphs. The number of sub graphs corresponds to the predicted symmetry we try to find or evaluate. 
         [0112]    The proportion quality of the gemstone can be revealed by detection of the extreme values on these sub graphs that correspond to the relevant symmetry. These values are compared to yield a measure of the gemstone proportion. 
         [0113]    Methods for cut grading gemstones based on a simulation of the light interaction with a gemstone can be accelerated by the disclosed application. For any specific gemstone, e.g. 57 faceted round cut, once we calculate the group combinations as described in our invention, the simulation procedure step presented on  FIG. 17 , to determine the next facet  701  is accelerated. This acceleration is achieved by reducing the sample space of possible facets needed to be checked for fulfilling certain requirements. Namely, we propose here a learning method of the next facet step  701  on  FIG. 17  for ray intersection with a gemstone. 
         [0114]    The following models and processes can be employed by getting a variety of values without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, as would be apparent for one skilled in the relevant art: 
         [0115]    The output light model  201 , 
         [0116]    The data origin resources  301 , 
         [0117]    The realization means  401 , 
         [0118]    The grouping rules logic base  501 , 
         [0119]    The grouping rules  103 ,  152 , 
         [0120]    The weights and mapping  162 , 
         [0121]    The light simulation method  652 , in an embodiment that comprises light simulation, 
         [0122]    The value and order of applied weights and mapping  162 , and of sorting process  160 , applied to data sets 
         [0123]    The analysis algorithm of the data sets.
A system and method for grading gemstones, based on creation and analysis of an ordered plurality of data sets, which convey information about the gemstone's cut symmetry and proportion quality and quantity. In one embodiment of the system and method, light propagation through a 3D faceted gemstone is simulated. Facets are associated with layers by rules for grouping facets. Light movement through the gemstone tagged by layer combinations along the propagation trajectory is collected, to enable rearrangement of the simulation output data in a proposed new order. An efficient analysis of the ordered plurality of data sets is provided for cut grading the symmetry and proportion of gemstones.