Tarascon was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 2014. His nomination reads:
Tarascon was honoured by the New Jersey Inventors Hall of Fame in 2002. He was nominated to the Académie des Sciences in 2005, and was the University of Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV) gold medalist in 2008. He won the ENI Protection of the Environment award in 2011. In 2015 he was awarded the Royal Society of Chemistrys Centenary Prize. In 2016, he received an honorary doctorate doctor honoris causa from Hasselt University. In 2017, he was one of the two winners of the Eric and Sheila Samson Prime Ministers Prize for Innovation in Alternative Fuels for Transportation. He was one of the five nominated for the CNRS Innovation Medals. In 2020 he received the Balzan Prize for Environmental Challenges: Materials Science for Renewable Energy.