Goodwin won the 2010 Harrison-Meldola Memorial Prize for his work in materials with "negative thermal expansion and in the field of total scattering methods." In 2013, Goodwin won the Marlow Award for his "innovative studies of the physical chemistry and chemical physics of amorphous materials." He won the 2017 Corday-Morgan Prize for his "innovative studies of correlated disorder and its role in functional materials." Goodwin is a 2018 United Kingdom winner of the Blavatnik Award for Young Scientists.
Goodwin received two five-year grants from the European Research Council: an ERC Starting Grant through the 2011 call of the Seventh Framework Program and an ERC Advanced Grant through the 2017 call of the Eighth Framework Program (Horizon 2020).
Goodwin was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2023.