Variants of the  genes can cause several relatively rare forms of MODY, an inherited, early onset form of diabetes.   Mutations in the HNF4α, HNF1α, or HNF1β genes are linked to MODY 1, MODY 3, and MODY 5 respectively. Mutations in HNF genes are also associated with a number of others diseases including hepatic adenomas and renal cysts.