text: For an odd-numbered saturated fat (C), 0.5 * n - 1.5 oxidations are necessary, and the final process yields 8 acetyl CoA and 1 propionyl CoA. It is then converted to a succinyl CoA by a carboxylation reaction and generates additional 5 ATP (1 ATP is consumed in carboxylation process generating a net of 4 ATP). In addition, two equivalents of ATP are lost during the activation of the fatty acid. Therefore, the total ATP yield can be stated as:
  or
  For instance, the ATP yield of Nonadecylic acid (C, n = 19) is:
  Represented in table form: