text: Located within the thylakoid membrane and the inner mitochondrial membrane, ATP synthase consists of two regions F and F. F causes rotation of F and is made of c-ring and subunits a, two b, F6. F is made of α, β, γ, and δ subunits. F has a water-soluble part that can hydrolyze ATP. F on the other hand has mainly hydrophobic regions. F F creates a pathway for protons movement across the membrane.