text: The polyol pathway is a two-step process that converts glucose to fructose.  In this pathway glucose is reduced to sorbitol, which is subsequently oxidized to fructose.  It is also called the sorbitol-aldose reductase pathway.
  The pathway is implicated in diabetic complications, especially in microvascular damage to the retina, kidney, and nerves.
  Sorbitol cannot cross cell membranes, and, when it accumulates, it produces osmotic stresses on cells by drawing water into the insulin-independent tissues.