text: Modular synthesis allows for a more diverse range of structures, however the multi-step reactions can result in lower overall yields. In general synthesis involves the generation of separate mono‑oxazoline (typically halogenated) and bis-oxazoline units, which are then coupled using a strong base such as BuLi or KN(SiMe).
  In addition to the inclusion of heterochirality, modular synthesis also allows for the synthesis of lopsided structures which have application as scorpionate ligands.