text: * Phase diagram determination for the Aluminium-Copper age-hardening alloy system.  This was to lead to further discoveries at Fulmer on the influence of trace elements on nucleation and grain growth.  Fulmer used this to formulate and patent alloys with high strength and toughness and good creep resistance for the skins of high-performance aircraft.
  * The sub-halide catalytic distillation method for primary aluminium production. Dr Gross began this work at International Alloys and, when Fulmer was founded, this became Fulmer's first contract. He speculated and then proved that aluminium has a subhalide AlCl. He devised a method by which pure Aluminium can be catalytically distilled from any aluminium-containing alloy or mixture or from scrap aluminium using the following reversible reaction:
  :: 2Al(solid) + AlCl(gas) </span> 3AlCl(gas)
  : The forward reaction is favoured at high temperature and low partial pressure of AlCl. On cooling, the reaction reverses; aluminium condenses and the trichloride can be recirculated.  Analogous methods were developed for the extraction of beryllium and titanium.
  * Determination of thermodynamic data by high accuracy calorimetry. Heats of formation and free energies of formation were needed for the assessment of potential rocket fuels. Fulmer established equipment and skills for very accurate measurement of heats of formation and heats of reaction.  Reaction conditions could be extreme: burning in fluorine might have to be contained or temperatures up to 2000 °C might be needed. Calorimeter fluid temperatures were measured to 2×10 K. Over the many years that this work continued, Fulmer established thermodynamic data for a wide range of metal halides, intermetallics, mixed oxides and other compounds.
  * Aluminium-tin alloys for plain bearing shells. Fulmer's researchers applied to the aluminum-tin alloy system the fundamental work of C S Smith on the relationship of interfacial energy and microstructure.  They established a process of cold work and recrystallization which converts the weak as-cast structure, in which aluminium grains are surrounded by tin, to one in which tin is dispersed in a strong aluminium matrix.  The aluminium provides the load-bearing required for a plain bearing while the tin gives the required bearing properties.  For many years these aluminium-tin bearings were used in most diesel engines and they are still in current use.
  * X-ray diffraction crystallography of metals and alloys for phase diagram determination.
  * Interfacial tension and wetting behaviour of liquid sodium.
  * Vitreous enamelling of aluminium to give high integrity electrically resistant coatings.
  * Measurements of stress corrosion and corrosion fatigue of light alloys.
  * Studies of deformation processes in difficult metals such as beryllium and chromium.