text: NMR spectroscopy in partially oriented media was reported by Alfred Saupe. After this initiation, several NMR spectra in various liquid crystalline phases were reported (see e.g. ).
  A second technique for partial alignment that is not limited by a minimum anisotropy is strain-induced alignment in a gel (SAG). The technique was extensively used to study the properties of polymer gels by means of high-resolution deuterium NMR, but only lately gel alignment was used to induce RDCs in molecules dissolved into the gel. SAG allows the unrestricted scaling of alignment over a wide range and can be used for aqueous as well as organic solvents, depending on the polymer used. As a first example in organic solvents, RDC measurements in stretched polystyrene (PS) gels swollen in CDCl were reported as a promising alignment method.
  In 1995, NMR spectra were reported for cyanometmyoglobin, which has a very highly anisotropic paramagnetic susceptibility. When taken at very high field, these spectra may contain data that can usefully complement NOEs in determining a tertiary fold.
  In 1996 and 1997, the RDCs of a diamagnetic protein ubiquitin were reported. The results were in good agreement with the crystal structures.