text: The formation and dissociation of the protein carbaminohemoglobin are controlled by many factors to guarantee the transport of carbon dioxide to the blood stream. A list of regulatory factors are listed below:
  #Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide (PCO2): The measure of carbon dioxide within arterial or venous blood. The amount of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream is influenced by the partial pressure of the molecule carbon dioxide. In tissues where cellular metabolism produces carbon dioxide, the partial pressure is higher and it leads to the binding of carbon dioxide to hemoglobin. On the other hand, in the lungs, there is a lower amount of partial pressure of carbon dioxide, which promotes the separation of carbon dioxide from hemoglobin.
  #pH: The Bohr effect outlines how the binding and release of oxygen and carbon dioxide by hemoglobin are influenced by fluctuations of pH in the blood. When tissues metabolize, they produce carbon dioxide and acidic products, which eventually lead to a decrease in pH levels in the blood. When the pH is low, this promotes the binding of carbon dioxide to hemoglobin and facilities the transport to the lungs. On the contrary, when the pH is higher in the lungs, carbon dioxide is released from hemoglobin.
  #Temperature: A factor such as temperature can affect the binding and release of gases by hemoglobin. The effect of temperature on the binding of carbon dioxide to hemoglobin is less noticeable compared to other gases, but this factor can still have an influence on the overall regulation of gas exchange.
  #Concentration of Bicarbonate (HCO3-): A high percentage of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream is transferred in the form of bicarbonate ions. Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid. This molecule breaks down into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. This break down process occurs in red blood cells. Ultimately, the concentration of bicarbonate ions in the bloodstream affects the formation of the protein carbaminohemoglobin in the body.