text: The first step in failure analysis is investigating the failure to collect information. The sequence of steps for information gathering in a failure investigation are:
  # Collection information about the circumstances surrounding the failure and selection of specimens
  # Preliminary examination of the failed part (visual examination) and comparison with parts that have not failed
  # Macroscopic examination and analysis and photographic documentation of specimens (fracture surfaces, secondary cracks, and other surface phenomena)
  # Microscopic examination and analysis of specimens (fracture surfaces)
  # Selection and preparation of metallographic sections
  # Microscopic examination and analysis of prepared metallographic specimens
  # Nondestructive testing
  # Destructive/mechanical testing
  # Determination of failure mechanism
  # Chemical analysis (bulk, local, surface corrosion products, deposits or coatings)
  # Identify all possible root causes
  # Testing most likely possible root causes under simulated service conditions
  # Analysis of all the evidence, formulation of conclusions, and writing the report including recommendations