Equipped with the knowledge of how single MOF structures are optimised, in this section we examine the model's ability to shift property distributions toward desired functionalities (i.e., optimising entire MOF populations). As a case study, we explore the c p of MOFs, specifically in the context of adsorption-based carbon capture technologies. For direct air capture (DAC), MOFs are typically considered for deployment in temperature swing adsorption (TSA) cycles, whereby CO 2 is selectively adsorbed at low temperature and then recovered at a higher temperature. The viability of this process crucially depends on minimising the heat required to regenerate the material per kilogram of recovered CO 2 , 30 which is a design objective favoured by MOFs with lower c p . Conversely, pressure swing adsorption (PSA) cycles, which capture CO 2 at high pressure and release it at lower pressures, are preferred for post-combustion carbon capture. The performance of these processes benefit from isothermal conditions, and therefore by MOFs with higher c p . Thus, examining the c p of MOFs in relation to carbon capture processes provides an excellent benchmark to probe the capabilities of the model in a setting where one might be interested in either minimising or maximising the property value, depending on the target application (however, for completeness, the dreaming results for other MOF properties are provided in Supplementary Note 7).