The power of encapsulating transition metal catalysts in metal organic frameworks (MOFs) for integrated catalysis was recently demonstrated for the efficient hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol. In this example (FIG. ), two different ruthenium-based complexes were encapsulated in MOF UiO-66, enabling a tandem catalytic reaction in three steps: 1) the hydrogenation of CO2 to formic acid catalyzed by a PNP ruthenium complex, 2) the conversion of formic acid to formate ester catalyzed by the zirconium oxide nodes of UiO-66, and 3) the hydrogenation of formate ester to methanol catalyzed by a PNN ruthenium complex. Importantly, no methanol was observed unless at least one of the two rutheniumbased complexes was encapsulated in UiO-66, and catalyst recyclability was only possible if both ruthenium-based complexes were encapsulated in UiO-66. Later, the same authors demonstrated further advantages of the encapsulation strategy by installing an ammonium group on the organic linkers of the MOF. The functionalized MOF introduced beneficial second-sphere interactions with the ruthenium PNP complex, leading to a further improvement in catalytic efficiency.