be seen in Fig. . Following the initiation of air supply with 100% RH, the cell voltage steadily decreases from ca. 0.670 V to ca. 0.616 V, which is attributed to the accumulation of liquid water in the GDE. Subsequently, after switching to dry air, reactant transport is facilitated by the drainage effect of the dry gas, coupled with a pause in external humidification, leading to an increase in cell voltage to ca. 0.638 V.