We postulate that dopant-induced defects unlock the physical barrier for the inter-cage hopping of gas molecules and create path-openings for the gas migration into the ice lattice. As described in Figure , once defects are created, they can diffuse throughout the water lattice and create open channels for the migration of gas molecules and promote gas enclathration in the bulk phase of ice. In particular, when dopants are added to the gas phase, they can be adsorbed on the ice surface and create defects therein. Subsequently, the defects diffuse throughout the whole water lattice following the mechanism in Figure . A similar mechanism applies to the "active ice" reported by Xiao et al. The surface of the "active ice" was impurified by surfactant molecules such as SDS. Arguably, the polar groups of surfactant molecules created lattice defects on the ice surface which then diffused into the bulk phase of ice and facilitated the gas encapsulation process. This postulated mechanism aligns well with experimental observations showing that the presence of dopants, either in the ice (Fig 8a) or in the gas phase (Fig 8b ), leads to rapid and complete gas enclathration in the ice.