This means that an improved adsorbent needs the CO2 mass transfer and adsorption kinetics to be at least as good as Lewatit® VP OC 1065. Beyond this, the highest productivities are only available if the LDF constant is 0.01 s -1 and above in an S-TVSA process and 0.003 s -1 and above in a TVSA process. Email: jpy1@hw.ac.uk RCCS, Heriot-Watt University Finally, Figures show that H2O adsorption equilibrium has a considerable impact on process performance, especially in a TVSA process. In the ESI Figure , less water adsorption is preferred in a TVSA process to reach the lowest work equivalent, but there is no obvious trend within this region.