Projected lithium supply will not meet half the expected demand by 2040 required by the renewable energy technology deployment for climate change mitigation goals . Extracting Li + from unconventional sources is critical to overcoming the expected Li + supply shortage . Even though feasible, Li + extraction from unconventional sources remains challenging due to competing ions such as Na + being 74 (Salton Sea, California) to 20,000 (seawater) times greater in abundance . Electrochemically driven ion intercalation into the interstitial sites of electrode material is an attractive solution for Li + extraction by being environmentally friendly, highly Li + selective, and energy efficient . The high Li + over Na + selectivity relies on the proper selection and tailoring of electrode materials to have preferable charge transfer and mass transport behaviors . However, the development of tailored materials for Li + extraction is still a nascent field. This is because no mature Li + extraction system exists yet. The solution environments that the host electrode must go through repeatedly for extraction and recovery are largely undecided and host material dependent. Therefore, understanding and predicting host material response in complex solution environment is critical to define the working conditions and material challenges for Li + extraction and recovery, as well as to identify solutions for achieving high Li + selectivity, fast extraction, and durability that are required for technology deployment.