where, "Cm" signifies the specific capacitance measured in farads per gram, ⎰i represents the integral area of the CV curve, "m" stands for the electrode mass measured in grams, "S" denotes the scan rate utilized during the CV experiment, and "k" represents a constant (k can adopt values of 2 or 4, depends on whether the mass of a single electrode or both electrodes is considered, respectively) .