As outlined in the Introduction, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a diverse class of molecules with distinct structural features and mechanisms of action. Figure illustrates how different AMPs target specific bacterial cell structures, classifying them according to their primary cellular targets: membranes, cell walls, or intracellular components such as DNA, RNA, and proteins. Beyond these three major categories, this review also includes peptides that specifically target bacterial biofilms, which form complex supra-cellular structures.