Biosignal Measurement Setup for Aortic Annuloplasty Monitoring: Silver flake paste (CI-1036) was screen-printed on each side of 100% strained PLLA film and cured at 60°C for 2 hours. Wires were attached to each electrode and secured with tape. The entire device was then encapsulated using Kapton tape for protection. Finally, the rectangular device was rolled and taped into a ring-like structure. The in vitro setup used for biosignal monitoring of aortic annuloplasty followed a pulsatile left-heart model, described in the following work . This system comprised an atrial chamber and a ventricular chamber, separated by a mechanical mitral valve. The ventricular chamber was connected to a digitally controlled piston pump (Super Pump, ViVitro, Victoria, BC, Canada), which provided pulsatile flow to simulate left ventricular ejection into the aortic root. The annuloplasty-modified aortic root was integrated into the replaceable aortic section of the model, with a compliance chamber attached to mimic arterial elasticity. Physiological conditions were achieved with varying systolic pressures of 90, 120, and 150 mmHg. The output voltage generated by the device due to the varying physiological pressures was measured using a Keysight DSOX1204A oscilloscope, enabling real-time monitoring of electrical responses under simulated physiological conditions.