Sensitizer solutions were used within one week of preparation, whereas annihilator solutions were immediately discarded after use due to chloroform volatility. The sensitizer and annihilator solutions were mixed with a 2:3 volume ratio, respectively, to yield an upconversion solution. For a typical small-scale fabrication, 50 μL of upconversion solution was added to 2 mL F-127 in water (60 mg/mL). Then, the solution was stirred overnight at 800 rpm without the lid to allow the chloroform to evaporate. Finally, the UC micelle solution was filtered by 0.45 μm PVDF filters, yielding a transparent solution.