Due to lack of reported information and the subjective nature of storage characteristics and safety categories, for the purposes of this study, qualitative rankings are assigned based on chemical composition and material choice. For example, literature batteries that contain additives such as LiNO 3 are given Table : Summary of experimental data from industry. Six performance metrics -Specific energy (SE), specific power (SP), number of cycles to 80% capacity, affordability (energy affordability and lifetime energy affordability), safety, storage characteristics, and energy density (ED) -are given of characteristic technologies from commercial, start-up, and literature batteries. Safety and storage characteristics are assigned qualitative rankings based on the chemistry and the constituents of the cell/system. Commercial affordability data was obtained through online sources (see "Ref" column), whereas literature affordability data was estimated from raw material costs and complexity of processing. * BPS stands for Battery Power Solutions. lower safety rankings.