Cryptosporidium and Giardia are protozoan parasites in municipal water with substantial public health risks by causing cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis, respectively . These pathogens are highly resistant to disinfectants, challenging drinking water treatment . Therefore, detecting and controlling Cryptosporidium and Giardia is critical to maintaining drinking water quality. In this section, we discuss the performance of ML models in monitoring Cryptosporidium and Giardia in drinking water (Table ).