Here, an efficiency of 100% implies each molecule of EDC transported a transporter molecule to the sender phase. We found it to be 0.25 ± 0.05% when using 100 mM EDC (Fig. ). Disappointingly, this efficiency implies that 400 molecules of EDC are needed to transport one molecule of Cbz-D from sender to receiver. With an increasing amount of initial fuel, the total amount of Cbz-D molecules transported increased, but the transport efficiency did not change significantly.