In addition to the previously mentioned approaches for the structural elucidation, recently there have been a surge of data driven tools for facilitation of de novo identification and/or annotation of the chromatographic signal. Many of these tools use a combination of the machine learning, previously annotated spectra, and the spectral similarity to provide additional inference into the structure of an unknown signal (e.g. Molecular networking and Spec2LDA). 125-127 However, their applications have been limited to mainly metabolomics studies and therefore they have not been adequately tested for the exploration of exposome.