3.2.3. Nickel-based catalysts (for reforming processes) Iron-based catalysts for watergas shift reactions are unlikely to experience significant issues with an increase in demand aside from general production scale-up. However, nickel-based catalysts for reforming may come across issues in the long term. Global demand for nickel has been growing due to increased interest in electric vehicles and grid-scale energy storage, which rely on lithium chemistry batteries. Modern chemistries such as lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxide ("NCA" or LiNiCoAlO 2 ) and lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide ("NMC" or LiNi x Mn y Co z O 2 ) contain an appreciable mass of nickel (25-50% of the electrodes). Nickel production has been relative stable recently, resulting in depletion of reserves and a corresponding increase in price. Current reforming catalysts, such as those used to produce syngas from hydrocarbons contain significant amounts of nickel.