Gas injection involves injecting various miscible gases, such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, flue gas, and natural gas . This gas injection technique aims to enhance the displacement of oil and maintain reservoir pressure by achieving a single-phase state between the injected gas and oil. During the thermal EOR method, the oil displacement is improved by heat transfer through the reservoir, using hot water and/or steam injection processes to reduce its viscosity, making it easier to extract . On the other hand, the chemical injection approach entails injecting various chemicals such as polymers, salts, alkalis, and surfactants, to facilitate oil transportation by a variety of processes, such as the modification of wettability, the lowering of surface tension, and water shut-off .