PFK fibrils were prepared as described above at a concentration of 5 mM (above the critical assembly concentration, CAC) by dissolving the peptide in a Hepes buffer (50 mM Hepes, pH 7.4) and incubating for 2h at room temperature. The peptide solution was prepared without salt coaddition to avoid high salinity that might affect the antibody functionalities. In the experiment, we co-incubated PFK fibrils, nitrocefin, and an anti-β-lactamase rabbit polyclonal antibody (E.coli