For benzene, Hornburger and co-workers reported a rate of ∼10 6 s -1 . For naphthalene, Lin reported transition probabilities between for 10 8 -10 4 s -1 , with a heavy dependence on the energy gap between the initial and final electronic states, while Bixon & Jortner noted an internal conversion rate constant slower than 10 12 s -1 for the 1 B 3u ← 1 B 2u transition, with a reported energy gap of 0.423 eV. Rashev reported a rate of 4.16×10 6 s -1 for the 1 B 2u to ground state internal conversion pathway in zeroth-order vibronic benzene. Further internal conversion calculations have been carried out for NO. Lin examined the transition probability and found a probability of 10 -6 s -1 . Lin also calculated a transition probability of 1 s -1 for the a 4 π state.