Demand flows d j are used to determine the the total amounts of upcycling polymer products (chemically upcycled virgin LDPE and PP), as well as traditionally recycled products (mechanically recycled HDPE and PET), formed in each case study. These demand flows are compared to the sum of supply capacities g i to calculate the overall degree of circularity (a ratio of polymers produced to waste captured) for the upcycling network. Furthermore, upcycling revenue is determined as a sum of products between the demand flows for each product d j and the demanding price for each product α d j .