The parameter γ serves as the focusing parameter in Focal Loss. C represents the number of classes, while N denotes the number of samples in a batch. The true label for the jth class of the ith example is represented by the variable y true,ij , and the predicted probability for the jth class of the ith example is represented by the variable y pred,ij . A tiny constant called ϵ is also employed to avoid numerical instability.