To evaluate the effectiveness of plasma-ALE treatment on TMC/CNF actuators, we fabricated a bimorph actuator using Ti 3 C 2 T x /cellulose composites by vacuum filtration and subsequently applied plasma-ALE to the composites. The photothermal effect of the MXene/cellulose composite was evaluated using an infrared (IR) camera. The actuation mechanism of the bimorph actuator is illustrated in Figure . Upon exposure to NIR light, the TMC layer converts light into heat, causing water evaporation and film shrinkage, which results in actuator bending. This process is corroborated by the observed mass loss per area of the actuator during NIR irradiation, as depicted in Figure .