Another potential adoption barrier is the infrastructure limitations on supplying and storing large quantities of electrolytic hydrogen. For instance, there is limited hydrogen transmission and storage infrastructure (e.g., ~1,600 miles of dedicated hydrogen pipelines vs. 300,000+ miles of natural gas transmission pipelines), 39,40 and natural gas pipelines may need to be converted to be compatible with hydrogen. This barrier, however, could also motivate the development of decentralized chemical production concepts in the future that combine the modular nature of electrolytic hydrogen production with other emerging electrified chemical production routes (Section 5). Finally, the GHG emissions benefits of using electrolysis vs. SMR for hydrogen production are only realized if low-carbon electricity generation sources are adopted beyond current levels .