Nonetheless, the Pearson's R values for the modified structures, combined with the reasonable prediction accuracy (Table ), demonstrates the potential for integrating the CNN model with topology optimization algorithms to accurately identify optimal microstructures at different nanoparticle loadings. However, we do acknowledge that the prediction accuracy at different nanoparticle volume fractions is expected to be better if the CNN model is explicitly trained using microstructures with those corresponding nanoparticle loadings.