To account for the interaction energy distribution characteristic of DNA-based self-assembly, we first analyze the energies associated with a specific singlestranded DNA (ssDNA) sequence binding to all other ssDNA sequences in typical one-pot DNA selfassembly (Figure ). The DNA hybridization free energy, i.e., the free energy ΔG associated with two ssDNA sequences from solution forming a DNA duplex, was determined using the nearest-neighbor model from ref. , allowing for internal and terminal mismatches, and dangling ends (see Supporting Information, Section S3 for more details).