While we've made progress with the use of LplA in our manufacturing regimes, there are still a number of hurdles that need to be overcome to solidify a robust and reliable process. For example, a comprehensive understanding of the critical process parameters and determination of the normal operation range were not fully achieved in this study . Another important aspect to consider is the proliferation of small molecule drugs in the context of antibody conjugates such as ADCs [40] . Synthetic molecules such as immunostimulantors, terpenoids and anthracyclines could potentially serve as future payloads in ADCs. This will also require advances in the technology of enzymatic conjugation. Enzymes capable of accepting a wide range of these new payloads will become increasingly important in the study of ADCs as we move forward. Ongoing research is focused on numerous areas, including exploration of enzyme mutation, and refinement of chromatographic separation techniques for enzymes. In addition, physical stability assessment, detailed site-specific analysis via peptide mapping, and biological evaluation of protein conjugates are integral parts of our ongoing investigations. Furthermore, the possibility of applying our findings to a continuous mode of production is another facet of our research that is currently under investigation .