Equation 3.2 describes the force acting on a particle as a combination of a velocity-dependent friction term, a stochastic term and external forces. The damping coefficient, λ acts against the direction of motion of the particle. A time-dependent stochastic force term, ⃗ η(t), with a Gaussian probability distribution, is included to describe the Brownian motion of the particles. An external force ⃗ f ext i is used to describe the explicit interaction between each particle within a cut-off radius |⃗ r c | and is calculated as the negative spacial gradient of the potential energy, it is given as, Explicit interactions are modeled as a combination of the Lennard-Jones (LJ) force, a Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) contact force and harmonic bonds, the parametrization of which is described in the subsequent section.