Size measurements were performed using dynamic light scattering. After suspending IONFs in 1× PBS (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Reinach, Switzerland), a uniform dispersion was created by vortex mixing for 10 seconds. 200 µl samples were then filled into a micro cuvette (UV-cuvette micro, Brand, Wertheim, Germany). IONF hydrodynamic diameters were measured using a Zetasizer Nano ZS system (Malvern Instruments, Malvern, UK) operating at 20 °C in backscatter mode at optical configuration of 173°. It is noted that when particle concentrations exceed a threshold, measurement outcomes are distorted due to particle interactions.