The average maximum J(m)-score for GA is 6.8±0.7 and 7.4±0.9 using a 50% and 1% mutation rate, respectively (Table ). For comparison the best average maximum value found by Yang et al. is 5.6±0.5, which required close to 20,000 J(m)-score evaluations. The latter took 8 hours each, while the GB-GA calculations took 30 seconds each on a laptop. These J(m)-scores are also significantly larger than the other ML-based methods tried by Yang et al. (Table ): recurrent neutral network (RNN) with and without Bayesian optimization (BO), the continuous variational autoencoder (CVAE), and the grammar variational autoencoder (GVAE).