PNPs represent a highly versatile drug delivery system for anti-cancer therapy due to their structural and functional properties. While the most used proteins in NPs formulation are gelatine and albumin, the unique characteristics of albumin have significantly contributed to its widespread adoption in various medical applications. Albumin is the most abundant protein in the bloodstream, with the ability to sustain harsh conditions including heat resistance, pH changes (between 4-9), and can resist the effects of many organic solvents. ( ) (17) Furthermore, albumin's abundant drug-binding sites enable efficient encapsulation of bioactive agents, reducing required drug amounts and enhancing tumour cell targeting. Albumin can be obtained from different sources. While egg albumin (a.k.a. ovalbumin) is frequently used in food industry, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum albumin (HAS), known for their biodegradability and nonimmunogenicity, have received significant attention in pharmaceutical field, especially to form NPs. Albumin-based NPs exhibit an extraordinary capacity at accommodating both hydrophobic and hydrophilic therapeutic agents, whether unionised or positively or negatively charged. This adaptability stems from the abundance of the various functional groups derived from amino acids, enabling the encapsulation of drugs with diverse characteristics, hence expanding the potential therapeutic applications. The abundance of functional groups also facilitates modification of albumin NPs, enabling conjugation with targeting ligands to enhance their specificity for targeted drug delivery. Albumin NPs can be prepared by several techniques, each distinct in its approach. These are reviewed in detail by Elzoghby et al. Desolvation method is commonly used whereby a dehydrating agent, such as ethanol or acetone, is added to albumin solution under contentious stirring. This exposes albumin hydrophobic region to water, reducing its solubility, thereby leading to the precipitation of albumin NPs. To stabilize obtained NPs, chemical crosslinker, often glutaraldehyde, is employed. The coacervation technique is an improved version of desolvation method, where the pH is used to adjust the albumin water solubility, enabling the desolvation agents to induce the nanoprecipitation. Albumin NPs can also be prepared via self-assembly, whereby albumin molecules self-organize spontaneously in form of NPs. Self-assembly can be induced by heat, denaturation, or by chemically reducing the internal disulfide bonds of albumin molecules. Albumin NPs can be obtained by emulsification. This technique involves the dispersion of an albumin solution in water immiscible oil, followed by solidifying the albumin droplets through chemical cross-linking (i.e., formation of NPs). Thermal gelation, inducing NPs formation via temperature changes, allows for NPs production under mild conditions. For the for large-scale production of albumin NPs, nano-spray-drying method can be used. In this technique, albumin solution is atomised through a nozzle to form a spray that dries through a gas and form albumin NBs.