Moreover, metabolomics has provided a deeper understanding of the dynamic metabolic reprogramming that occurs in plants during their interactions with diverse microbial partners . By comparing the metabolic profiles of plants under varying conditions, researchers have identified key metabolic pathways that are activated or suppressed, contributing to enhanced nutrient uptake, stress tolerance, and disease resistance . As analytical techniques and computational methods continue to advance, metabolomics is poised to play an increasingly crucial role in unraveling the complexities of plant-microbe interactions and their far-reaching implications for ecosystem functioning and sustainable agriculture . The integration of metabolomics with other cutting-edge omics technologies, such as genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, will enable a systems-level understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing these intricate relationships .