Conversely, if entropy decreases (ΔS<0), the -TS term contributes positively to ΔG, opposing spontaneity unless balanced by a sufficiently negative enthalpy change (H<0). This highlights the temperature-dependent nature of entropy's effect on free energy, as higher temperatures exacerbate the penalty for reduced entropy. The second law thus explains how entropy drives systems toward thermodynamic equilibrium, shaping the conditions under which processes become energetically favorable. By linking entropy to Gibbs free energy, the second law provides a comprehensive framework for predicting the spontaneity of chemical and physical transformations.