To fully capture the field, our subject matter experts utilized more than >650 search terms to ensure both identification of relevant publications in the field as well as capture a wide breath of pertinent information. The last two decades have seen an increasing interest in rare diseases as shown by the steady increase in journal publications, with a marked and steep increase between 2019-2021. Patent publications on the other hand, have increased consistently but at a much more moderate pace (Figure ). Figure presents the leading research organizations ranked by the volume of journal articles and by the average number of citations per publication, a viable indicator of the scientific impact for published work. More details on the data analysis regarding research organizations and journals is included in the Supporting Information. Examples of recent journal articles published by researchers at Harvard Medical School include articles related to HD, MG, ALS, as well rare tumors and cancers such as thymomas, multiple myeloma, and thyroid cancer. Similarly, examples of research output from other leading US-based organizations revolve around rare diseases such as multiple sclerosis, ALS, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), sickle cell anemia, among others and rare cancers such as hematological malignancies including multiple myeloma, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Research organizations originating in Canada and those originating in the United Kingdom (GBR) also appear to be directing research efforts towards rare diseases such as multiple sclerosis, HD, , and ALS, among others. Using a similar methodology as described in the Supporting Information for research organizations, we identified leading scientific journals in the area of rare diseases (Figure ). More extensive data analysis on the scientific journals is included in the Supporting Information. A few highly cited journal articles published in the New England Journal of Medicine revolve around rare cancers such as melanoma, multiple myeloma, and AML as well as other rare diseases such as SLE, multiple sclerosis, and cystic fibrosis. The 2019 article titled "Targeting huntingtin expression in patients with Huntington's disease" by researchers in the United Kingdom and published in the New England Journal of Medicine described results of a Phase I/IIa trial for an oligonucleotide designed by Ionis Pharmaceuticals and F. Hoffmann-La Roche to inhibit mRNA of HTT, the main gene responsible for HD and has been cited more than 400 times. Another example of a highly cited article was "Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia" published in 2017 in the journal Nature and described the role of A1 astrocytes in neuronal cell death and their abundance in HD, ALS, and other neurodegenerative disorders. Similar well-cited publications for MG include a review article published in the New England Journal of Medicine. Geographical distribution of patent assignees in the field of rare diseases indicates a high degree of overlap in leading countries/regions with 7 out of 10 being common between commercial as well as non-commercial entities -United States (USA), China (CHN), South Korea (KOR), France (FRA), Germany (DEU), Japan (JPN), Denmark (DEN) (Figure ). Spain (ESP), Italy (ITA), and Belgium (BEL) appear to have greater non-commercial presence while the inverse appears to be true for the United Kingdom (GBR) and Israel (ISR). Overall, the USA contributes 31% and 40% to non-commercial and commercial patents, respectively, the highest by a country/region. This is followed by China (CHN) which appears to have a more comparable commercial and noncommercial contribution.