In addition, we investigated whether the cargo-loaded liposomes are also compatible for the present AAO immobilization and release or not. Here, Antonia Red-labeled 4 kDa dextran was used as a cargo that was loaded in NBD-liposomes (Figure ). The ratio of cargo remaining within the liposomes after the immobilization/release procedure was estimated from the fluorescence intensity of NBD and Antonia Red (cf. the experimental section). When the cargo leaks from the liposomes, the ratio of NBD ( = 540 nm) and Antonio Red ( = 600 nm)