To incorporate uncertainty into the analysis, a range of 25% uncertainty distribution was applied to all assumptions and data points for each parameter, depending on the level of confidence and data availability. This approach captures the potential fluctuations in materials cost and impacts. A total of 10,000 Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to quantify and address the uncertainty in the system. The results obtained for the uncertainty analysis includes the averages in the form of median, 5 th percentile, and 95 th percentile values. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was performed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficients to identify the key drivers of changes in the system's cost and environmental impacts. The sensitivity of