𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝐻𝑒𝑝𝐺2 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝐻𝑒𝑝𝐺2 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑠 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 × 100 (4) 2.6.5. Matrix effect Matrix effect is a prevalent issue encountered in mass spectrometry measurements. It refers to a phenomenon where the response of an analyte is suppressed or amplified due to the presence of a matrix or other interfering components that affect the ionization process of compounds. This was calculated with equation 5 at low, medium and high level (measured in triplicate).