Using the calculated shift in the redox potential ∆U OH , the relative change in ORR current density j from that on pure Pt(111) was evaluated with the simple kinetic model proposed by Rossmeisl and co-workers (see Methods). As shown in Fig. , similar to previous studies, this model reveals a volcano-type correlation between the activity and the redox potential. Notably, the melamine-modified Pt surface is positioned very close to the optimal point on the volcano plot, similar to the Pt/Pt 2 Cu/Pt(111) surface, achieving an order of magnitude higher catalytic activity than Pt(111). This suggests that our calculations show melamine destabilizes the OH adsorbate and accelerates the OH* removal step (5), which is the rate-limiting step on the Pt(111) surface without melamine, thereby enhancing ORR activity.