Commercial electrode sheets (NEI Corporation) composted of active material (NMC811) dispersed within a carbon-binder-domain (CBD), of composition 90:5:5 wt.% NMC811, conductive carbon: and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), respectively. These sheets were printed with an areal capacity of 2.2 mAh.cm 2 with an approximate electrode thickness of 69 m and cal- endared to porosity of 30%. The electrode sheets were fixed to a translation table of a laser micro-machining instrument (A Series, Oxford Lasers) containing a 532 nm laser and a spot size of 40 m. The laser cut a series of lines resulting in an electrode that was 4.0 mm ¢ 4.5 mm (w ¢ h) with an 80 m ¢ 250 m tab protrusion from the top (see figure for electrode geometry). This tab was used for imaging as demonstrated previously.