In the pre-2222 market setting, MPs were only able to sell electricity to utilities at their offered rates. In the post-2222 setting, MPs are able to sell electricity in wholesale markets at going market prices. To represent this structural change, we incorporate an additional technology in our pre-2222 case that acts as a barrier between the electricity consumer (Wisconsin market demand) and the MP systems. This technology represents utilities in the pre-2222 system; it does not perform conversion on the electricity produced by MP systems, but adds an intermediary bid that absorbs revenue (i.e., the utility sells the electricity at the market price, absorbs most of its value, and pays the avoided cost to the MPs). Notably, this makes the MPs less competitive in the market, because their operating costs are greater than the avoided cost that the utility pays them. In other words, they are less competitive because the consumer price for electricity (utility cost plus MP cost) is greater than the market price for electricity purchased from conventional fossil-based suppliers.