Key to any carbon-capture process is understanding the efficiency and energy requirements for operation at various rates. One key promise of EMCC processes is that they could potentially enable lower energy intensities than thermal processes. 2 Thus, the simulation was employed to determine the coulombic efficiency (Figure ) and energy intensity (Figure ) for CO2 regeneration as a function of applied current density. Coulombic efficiency is defined as the fraction of the applied current density that goes toward regenerating CO2 in the catholyte boundary layer and can be thought of as the product of the water dissociation efficiency, and the efficiency of reacting water-dissociation-generated H + with HCO3 -to form CO2.