As evident from Table , many controversies can be traced to interactions between lipids and other molecules including water. These disagreements are not surprising from the historical perspective, because early development of lipid bilayer simulations focused on correctly capturing membrane phase and area per lipid, which depend mainly on acyl chain properties, while the glycerol backbone and headgroup and their interactions with ions and other molecules have gained attention only more recently. Consequently, the hydrophobic acyl chain regions are commonly described quite well by MD simulations, while force fields struggle to correctly capture behaviour of the hydrophilic regions of membranes. In particular, the interactions between charged water-soluble species and membranes have been challenging for MD simulations. Canonical force fields tend to predict stronger binding of sodium and calcium to membranes than experiments, yet this can be improved by including electronic polarization via the electronic continuum correction (ECC) or by an ad hoc increase of the effective separation between specific atoms (NBFIX). Also, Table : Examples of controversial MD simulation results reported in the literature. PC = phosphatidylcholine. ECC = electronic continuum correction. NBFIX = increasing the effective separation between specific atoms. 48-50 PS = phosphatidylserine. JM-A = the Nterminal portion of the juxtamembrane segments. EGF = epidermal growth factor. MC3 = dilinoleylmethyl-4-dimethylaminobutyrate.