Biopharmaceutical products represent a primary category of therapeutics in the modern global pharmaceutical market. There is growing interest in developing peptide, protein, antibody, and vaccine products that have been widely used to treat or prevent a variety of debilitating and life-threatening diseases in immunology, infectious diseases, and oncology. The global biologics market size was valued at USD 419.07 billion in 2023 and is projected to surpass around USD 698.17 billion by 2031. 1 A majority of these products are formulated in the solution and introduced through parenteral administration. 66% of these parenteral protein formulations were manufactured as liquid formulations compared to lyophilized formulations (34%). However, the long-term stability of biologicals in solution often poses challenges in pharmaceutical development. Numerous proteins tend to lose their structural stability in the solutions state, making them prone to undergo changes in their shape or conformation. These alterations can occur due to thermal, mechanical and chemical stresses that proteins experience during purification, processing, shipping, and storage. As such, manufacturing biological products in solid dosage form play a crucial role particularly in enhanced storage stability and ease of transportation. Specifically, the global lyophilized injectables market was valued at USD 3,365.4 million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 4,978.3 million by 2030. In biological drug products, both protein-protein and protein-excipient interactions can contribute to stabilizing or de-destabilizing effects. The intermolecular interactions, which occur at a molecular level, can lead to potential problems in maintaining the desired stability of the drug. The drug substances with large molecular size and conformational flexibility have a higher propensity of aggregation which could cause risk in immunogenicity if dosing in vivo. The stability of a protein formulation can often be affected by its active ingredient interacting with the other substances present in the formulation. In solid products, protectant excipients are widely utilized which govern the stability of large molecules, including sugars, polymers, surfactants, etc. Sugars such as disaccharides are often used as stabilizers to retain the native structure of functional biomolecules. Examples include Herceptin and Adcetris, which both include sugar stabilizers such as trehalose or sucrose to increase the storage stability. Surfactants are also commonly used excipients to mitigate the interfacial stress. However, polysorbates can serve as a double-edged sword to induce protein aggregation as a concern of biophysical instability as well as biochemical degradation, in addition to the intended function of mitigating the formation of interfacial stress-induced protein particles. Therefore, it is critical to design dry biologic formulations guided by scientific rationales through a mechanistic understanding of the critical attributes, excipient selection, and their impact on protein structure and dynamics.