Another challenge is to find ways to coordinate the motion of multiple nanoscale motors to obtain macroscale actuation and function, as seen in the biological world. The amplification may arise via the environment or via coupling of chemical processes to fluidic effects in suitable geometries . However, it is challenging to endow swarms composed of simple building blocks with complex collective behaviors. Coordinating multiple different motormotor interactions within a swarm, as well as regulating the impact of external environment on the swarm, can be difficult, yet it is an exciting phenomenon to be studied. These difficulties pose a challenge to the design of nanomotor-based swarms that exhibit hierarchical functions and even embodied intelligence, e.g. swarms capable of perceiving diverse environmental stimuli in an unstructured environment and making corresponding adaptations.