The chemical reaction rates are determined on the basis of the kinetics provided by Meyer et al. , since the experiments with the small pellets (𝑑 p = 175 μm) at 𝑇 = 556 K are identical with the experiments for determination of the kinetic parameters. Hence, the respective intrinsic kinetics are already validated with the experimental data basis for small catalyst pellets used in the present work. Note, that the kinetic models are not yet validated under reaction conditions close to chemical equilibrium or regarding the reverse reactions, which may cause some deviation between simulation and experiments and requires further efforts in derivation of appropriate kinetics. The kinetics for CO and CO2 hydrogenation, 𝑟 1 and 𝑟 2 , are shown in the equations ( ) and .