For characterization of the DCzGPC ligand and interaction after ligand exchange, we performed XPS and UPS measurements. The measuring system consisted of a multi-chamber UHV unit with a base pressure of pressure of 5 × 10 -10 mbar. The analysis chamber was equipped with a monochromated Al Kα radiation source (XR 50 M, Specs), an ultraviolet source (UVS 300 SPECS), and a Phoibos 150 hemispherical photoelectron analyzer. For energy calibration of the analyzer, core-level spectra of Au and Cu foils were measured and the energy scale was set to the Au 4f7/2 (84.0 eV) and the Cu 2p3/2 (932.6 eV) peak positions respectively. UPS spectra were calibrated with respect to the metal (Au) Fermi-edge. An energy resolution of 400 and 150 meV for XPS and UPS was achieved, respectively.