Predicted concentrations from the Gaussian puff model are a linear function of the selected emission rate, meaning that the pattern of the predictions does not depend on the choice of emission rate. Therefore, we simulate with an arbitrary unitary emission rate (1 g/s), as true emission rates are unknown in practice. With this in mind, we design the pattern matching step described in Section 2.2.3 to be scale-independent by evaluating patterns between observations and predictions rather than overall amplitudes. The choice of emission rate in the simulation step does not impact the output of the framework. Section S5 in the SI file and Jia et al.