To understand how ∆Q gen and thus the stationary phase depend on nucleation, we introduce a second set of "slow" kinetic parameters, for which vials nucleate at lower temperatures, in line with values observed in vial freeze-drying under GMP conditions. We also study the limiting case of instantaneous nucleation, where ice is formed as soon as the vial reaches the equilibrium freezing temperature. Figure (a) illustrates the values for five heat flows as function of the uniform pallet temperature T sp : heat removed by external cooling at storage temperatures of -8°C and of -40°C, and heat generated subject to (our standard) "fast" and newly introduced "slow" and "instantaneous" kinetics. A total of six stable states are identified; for the "fast" kinetics, the heats balance at temperatures of about -5.5°C for T ext = -40°C and of -4.5°C for T ext = -8°C. With respect to the "slow" kinetics, this value shifted to -13°C for T ext = -40°C. For -8°C, the stable state corresponds to a system which does practically not transfer any heat; this indicates that the vials will stay very long in the supercooled, liquid state before they eventually nucleate. For the "instantaneous" kinetics, the stationary phase by nature is confined to the equilibrium freezing temperature.