X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were conducted normal to the surface with a SPECS PHOIBOS 150 spectrometer in medium area mode using a monochromatic Al Kα X-ray source (Focus 500 with XR50M (SPECS ) with hv = 1486.74 eV) as part of the DAISY-FUN cluster tool. Survey and detail spectra were measured in fixed analyzer transmission mode with a pass energy of 20 eV (step size of 0.5 eV) and 10 eV (step size of 0.05 eV), respectively. The spectrometer was calibrated by yielding the Fermi level edge of Au, Ag, Cu to 0 eV binding energy as well as Au4f 7/2 at 83.98 eV, Ag3d 5/2 at 368.26 eV and Cu2p 3/2 at 932.67 eV binding energy with deviations ≤ 50 meV. Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) measure-ments were conducted on the same spectrometer with pass energy of 5 eV (step size of 0.05 eV) using the HIS 13 Mono (Focus GmbH ) as monochromatic HeII-source with hv = 40.81 eV normal to the surface. Low-temperature water adsorption has been performed by cooling the manipulator with liquid nitrogen leading to a substrate temperature of -176 • C. Subsequently, the cooled manipulator was separated to another chamber with a base pressure of < 10 -9 mbar and the sample was exposed to water using a leak valve. The dosage was controlled by the water pressure and the exposure time where a dose of 100 s at 10 -8 mbar is defined as 1 L (Langmuir).