To further investigate the conformation of DCPAMs in the solution, we calculated ⟨R 2 ee ⟩/⟨R 2 g ⟩. Here, ⟨R 2 ee ⟩ represents the mean-squared distance between the two terminal points of a polymer chain in a given configuration, while ⟨R 2 g ⟩ denotes the mean-squared distance of the polymer's monomers from the polymer's center of mass. This ratio quantitatively reflects chain conformations: higher values correspond to more extended chains, with values above 6 indicating coil-like structures and values below 6 representing collapsed chains .