• Pressure: CO₂ is typically used in its supercritical form for polymerization, requiring elevated pressures to facilitate its activation and incorporation into polymer chains. High pressure is beneficial for enhancing the solubility of CO₂ in the monomer, allowing for efficient polymerization. However, pressure can also influence polymer morphology, molecular weight distribution, and the risk of premature polymerization, leading to undesirable material properties. Careful pressure control is needed to optimize the reaction and ensure consistent polymer quality .