The study was guided by the resources framework described by Hammer and Elby. Resources are defined as information used in problem-solving and range from p-prims or memorized heuristics to complex concepts. Resources are activated based on prior experience with specific types of problems, and resource activation evolves with experience . Resources can be activated individually or in tandem with other resources based on student experiences . In this study, we are analyzing the resources used to rationalize thermodynamic favorability in an enolate reaction. For example, Figures 65 1 and 2 illustrate the specific resources used to rationalize thermodynamic and kinetic outcomes .