1 C (Figure ). The use of a CV step alters the point at which the charge step terminates and thus increases both charge and discharge capacity. Figure shows full cell and cathode voltage profiles obtained from a 3E cell made using identical electrodes to the pouch cells (full voltage range is shown in Figure ). The cathode potential continued to rise during the CV step, with the magnitude of the change (in terms of both potential and capacity) increasing at higher rates. At higher rates, the cell polarization was greater i.e. charge plateaus shift upwards, and discharge plateaus downwards. While at low rates (≤ 1 C), the voltage range is sufficient to encompass the entire Mn 2+/3+ plateau within the constant current phase, this is not the case at higher rates.