Through their research, Saputra et al. explored the potential of a hybrid semiconductor known as CTF-ZnFe2O4 catalysts to enhance the effectiveness of visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of pollutants. Their study discovered that a certain proportion of CTF-ZnFe2O4, with a ratio of 90:10, was successful in breaking down MB. The degradation process achieved an efficiency rate of 95.4% and a kobs value of 0.421 min1. This was achieved by utilizing 0.5 g/L dosages of CTF-ZnFe2O4 to degrade 50 mg/L of MB over 120 mins, using a UV-vis light photocatalytic technique. Shu, Ruiwen, and colleagues fabricated hybrid composites of nitrogen-doped MWCNT and cobaltzinc ferrite (NMWCNTs/Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4) by a onestep solvothermal process given in figure-12. The microspheres were uniformly dispersed on the surface of NMWCNTs, and the interconnecting of NMWCNTs in the hybrid composites facilitated the formation of 3D conductive networks in situ. The research examined how the number of NMWCNTs affected the electromagnetic properties and microwave absorption behaviour of composites made of NMWCNTs, Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4, and paraffin wax. The observations indicated that the materials could be easily manufactured, and the research findings helped design highly effective microwave absorbers based on MWCNTs and the structural design of these materials. Table . Semiconductor-combined spinel ferrite materials are used for the highly efficient removal of poisonous pollutants from wastewater.