From these curves we see that for the initial stage of photodynamics (t ≲ 6 fs), the D 1 -D 2 energy gap for Ama + (∼0.4 eV) is smaller than the D 2 -D 3 energy gap for Ada-CN + (∼0.5 eV), see Fig. . Moreover, for these short-time dynamics, the D 1 -D 2 nonadiabatic coupling term for Ama + is larger than the D 2 -D 3 nonadiabatic coupling term for Ada-CN + (for t ≲ 7 fs), see Fig. . Therefore, a faster decay of D 2 of Ama + can be expected in comparison to the D 3 decay for Ada-CN + .