There are two main options for implementing automated experiments with AI and robots: a) building dedicated experimental devices, and b) utilizing general-purpose robotic arms . Dedicated experimental devices include flow devices often used in organic synthesis . Devices specialized for organic synthesis experiments are commercially available, and high-throughput screening proposals are also being made in the polymer field . However, specialized hardware has issues with customizability and cost, and is not always practical in experimental research phases where experimental operations are prone to change .