In order to probe the interactions of 1Gal with CA, two types of assays were carried out: a pre-treatment assay, and a competition assay. These experiments allowed insight into the effects of digalactosides on protecting human BECs from adhesion and for competing with adherent fungi. These data are directly comparable to existing examples in the literature investigated. The pre-treatment exclusion assay, Figure -b, 0.1 mM 1Gal, was incubated with CA before exposing BECs to the yeast; this assay showed decrease in CA cells attached to the human cells: 35% less than the control. While in a competitive assay, where BECs were co-incubated with yeast cells and the glycoconjguate, 1Gal achieved a 47% decrease in adhesion versus control (p<0.0001), Figure . This ligand compared very well with previously reported activity of 3, which gave ca. 45% reduction at 1.38 mM in both assays. Displacement assays with both 1Gal and 3 also showed comparable results (ESI †).