Failure-induced emissions primarily originate from substandard equipment maintenance or abnormal pro-220 cess conditions such as unlit or malfunctioning flares, open tank thief hatches, stuck dump valves, compressor large seal vents, and miscellaneous equipment. More details on failure events commonly found in the field, and how their origins, are described in Supplementary Information (SI) Section S-4. Moreover, understanding the mechanisms behind such events requires some background information about major equipment in oil gas sites. Hence, section S-3, also in the SI, elaborates on the operation of major equipment where they occur.