Consumer electronic applications require high affordability, high energy density, and moderate power density. Commercialized solutions include Apple iPhone TM and Samsung Galaxy TM [103] batteries (both Li-ion). An example of research focused on consumer electronics is Choi group Si-anode/polymerbinder technologies . Often, batteries comprise a very small cost percentage of the total cost of a consumer electronic device, and energy densities more than 600 Wh L -1 are typical.