Before testing the new foam flooding design with different brines, four cores were initially flooded with FW, followed with SW, d2SW, d10SW, and d50SW. This was done in order to differentiate with using the same brines with foam and to investigate each brine's effect on improved oil recovery. As expected, the lower brine salinity improved oil recovery. The oil recovery during FW was similar in the four cores. The results of oil recovery were close to each other because the core material and experiment conditions were similar. The oil recovery during FW flooding was 45.2, 44.6, 45, and 45.2% of the original oil in place (OOIP) for cores A11, A12, A13, and A14, respectively. The additional oil recovery due to injecting SW, d2SW, d10SW, and d50SW was 2.3, 4.45, 5.8, and 7.8% of the OOIP, respectively. The water flooding PVs were similar to those in foam experiments to limit result uncertainty. The injected FW PVs were 2 PVs, while it was 4.5 for the tertiary mode of the other brines. It is worth mentioning that fines migration was observed when injecting both d10SW and d50SW. The results of the four water-flood experiments are shown in Fig. .