Metal oxides and their composites have a wide range of applications in the current scenario starting from energy storage, hydrogen production (including photocatalysis), photovoltaics, and device fabrication. They have a major role to play in supplementing finite energy supplies and lowering the rate of degradation and pollution of natural resources [1-3]. One of the most important sources of life, water, has been poisoned by the excessive use of colors in the textile industry and the untreated release of wastewater into the environment. As water is a universal solvent, the hazardous compounds in effluents that are non-biodegradable, highly poisonous, and even carcinogenic impair the water quality. Since non-renewable energy sources have the drawback of contributing to ecological deterioration, renewable energy sources have the potential to supply approximately half of the world's energy needs by 2050, promoting sustainable development and minimizing environmental risk. . It is essential to expand efforts toward creating materials and technologies for energy generation, harvesting, conversion, storage, and environmental remediation in order to meet the nation's rising energy needs while focusing on causing the least amount of harm to the environment. [9, 10] Solar energy, a clean and renewable energy source, meet energy needs with little harm to the environment . A promising method that provides energy that is friendly to the environment is photocatalysis. .