As our hypothesised mechanism of action includes the selective coordination and permeation of SSAs through the polar membranes of both MRSA and ovarian cancer cells, we also explored the toxicity of SSAs 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 as either homogenous solutions or heterogenous (1:1) enantiomeric mixtures against human erythrocytes. In this experiment (Figure ), the proportion of erythrocytes to undergo lysis in the presence of SSAs supplied at a total molecular concentration of 1.39 mM, chosen to correlate against the upper limits of SSAs supplied in both the antimicrobial and/or anticancer activity studies, Figures and respectively, were recorded as the percentage haemolysis value. Here the maximum haemolysis recorded for all SSAs/SSA mixtures under these experimental conditions was < 2 %. Finally, we gauged the toxicity of SSAs 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 as either homogenous solutions or heterogenous (1:1) enantiomeric mixtures towards multicellular organisms which have an intrinsic immune system. Here, Galleria mellonella larvae were injected with 10 µL of SSA (5 mM) in a distilled H2O/EtOH 19:1 solution and then incubated at 37 o C for a maximum of five days. Each day, the number of surviving larvae were recorded. As shown in Figure , of those SSA or SSA combinations tested, 5 exhibited the lowest toxicity against G. mellonella, with 8 of 10 larvae surviving for the full five days. When comparing the toxicity of the different enantiomers, those SSAs which incorporate naturally occurring L-amino acids (5 and 9) are less toxic than those which incorporate the unnatural D-amino acids (3 and 7). When comparing the effects of R-group substitution, the leucine appended analogue was shown to exhibit a lower toxicity than the comparative phenylalanine substituted SSA. Interestingly, combining enantiomers in a 1:1 ratio, while keeping the total molecular concentration comparative with the single agent studies, showed the enantiomeric SSA mixtures to exhibit either a comparative or enhanced toxicity when compared to those studies containing a single SSA. In summary, although SSAs are delivered as self-associated spherical aggregates, interestingly they exhibit toxicity profiles similar to small molecules.