The dataset used in this research comprises official and illustrative exam questions obtained from various sources, including the Vietnamese Ministry of Education and Training, high schools, and teachers. The questions were collected from exams conducted between 2019 and 2023 and cover a wide range of subjects, such as mathematics, literature, english, physics, chemistry, biology, history, geography, and civic education. These questions were classified into four levels of difficulty, namely "knowledge (easy)," "comprehension (intermediate)," "application (difficult)," and "high application (very difficult)," which offer a comprehensive range of challenges to evaluate students' abilities and expertise.