Next, we proceeded to inspect the OPLS-DA derived-and identified lipid species that underlie a general Aβ plaque associated localization pattern. Here, TIMS MSI allows for generation of clean, single ion images without any interfering compounds as there is no other signal visible in the heat map display. The results showed a depletion of multiple species in the higher mass range (m/z 1400-2000). Investigation of the trapped ion mobility mass spectrometry imaging allowed for identification of distinct cardiolipins (CL) (Figure ). CL are highly enriched in the inner membrane of mitochondria of nerve cells and CL depletion consequently indicates neuronal cell death because of oxidative stress affecting the mitochondria and have previously detected by MALDI MSI . Alternatively, impaired CL metabolism has been reported to be a consequence of amyloid pathology . Further, a general plaque associated localization of mono-sialated gangliosides (GMs), including GM2 and GM3 species was also observed (Figure ). Indeed, previous MSI studies have found a general localization of GM2, and GM3 with C18:0 and C20:0 fatty acid (FA) moieties, to Aβ plaques that is independent of Aβ plaques morphology ). Previous non-MSI studies have also identified enrichment of GM2 and GM3 species in both human AD, and AD mouse models .