where 𝑎 TS , 𝑏 TS , 𝑐 TS , and 𝑑 TS represent the empirical parameters of the TS and 𝑎 R , 𝑏 R , 𝑐 R , and 𝑑 R represent the empirical parameters of the reactant. The equations can be simplified by lumping the two empirical parameters as follow: