In the context of wound healing, successful cicatrization relies on the possibility to precisely adapt and maintain the hybrid material at the injured site. For instance, a MSNs/HA hybrid hydrogel could be administered endoscopically, filled the cavity and showed promise for the treatment of esophageal fistulas. Two weeks after being applied in a clinically relevant porcine model, the group treated with the hydrogel showed total closure of the fistula, whereas the untreated control group still had open orifices with inflammation. In another example, the strong adhesion to skin tissues, conferred by the catechol groups, allowed a hybrid material composed of HA-DA and PDA-coated rGO (rGO@PDA) to be also effective as a hemostatic agent. This hydrogel substantially reduced blood leakage in a liver bleeding model, decreasing it by over five times compared to untreated control (74. mg vs 398 mg). In a fullthickness wound model, it also demonstrated greater efficacy compared to commercially available Tegaderm dressing in terms of promoting complete skin regeneration as evidenced by granulation tissue thickness and collagen metabolism. These advantageous properties were attributable to the intrinsic structure of the hybrid hydrogel, which proved nearly as effective as an antibiotic (doxycycline)-loaded version (HA-DA/rGO/Doxy) (Figure ). Similar robust hemostatic efficacy was shown by a hybrid hydrogels composed of Lap NPs and a poly(acrylamide-co-isocyanoethyl methacrylate-glutamine) (PAAm-co-IEM-Gln) as a result of the ability of the dispersed NPs to retain coagulation factors upon application to a bleeding site leading to prompt clot formation. Because of the water-absorbing properties and high stretchability of the hydrogel, facilitated by numerous covalent bonds, the hybrid hydrogel proved capable of effectively closing a full-thickness cutaneous wound. In contrast