Finally, optimal candidates for other clean energy applications are highlighted where target ranges for oxygen vacancy formation enthalpies have been proposed as a primary metric for material down-selection, such as catalysts for CO 2 conversion and cathodes for solid oxide fuel cells. We even extend our analysis to predict defect density for all materials at finite temperatures, a capability that can only be achieved due to our method's ability to rapidly predict vacancy formation enthalpies of all sites in the crystal structure (i.e., account for configurational entropy).