carbohydrates, but fermentation is the more common method. There are two common ways used to manufacture PLA. Lactide could be synthesized using ring-opening polymerization. Direct poly condensation of lactic acid can also yield PLA. The first step in the production of PLA, lactic acid, can be made through fermentation from a variety of renewable sources. One method to enhance PLA's mechanical and thermal qualities is to incorporate fiber or filler materials .