Fuel cells consist of two electrodes, a positive electrode (cathode) and a negative electrode (anode), where catalysts are located within the electrodes, as shown in Figure . Both electrodes are made of carbon due to the material's good electrical conductivity and chemical resistance to attack by acid and alkaline electrolytes within fuel cells with low inherent cost. And an electrolyte between the middle of the electrodes that allow the transport of ions (Figure ). To further enhance the efficiency of the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen molecules, the electrodes are designed with a porous network, which ensures the uniform distribution of oxygen molecules. This allows consistent conditions across the catalyst's surface, preventing localized inefficiencies and ensuring that an electrode is made of materials that always have good electrical conductance. However, this porous network could potentially contribute negatively to the stability of the catalyst . The redox reactions that take place in a fuel cell are: