This fabrication was performed on 1 inch x 1 inch or 2 inch x 2 inch (for the Stanford Memorial Church image) soda-lime glass substrates. These substrates were washed and treated as described above. While spin coating, 350 uL of 10 mg/mL PbS QD solution was used. Instead of spin coating TCA in acetonitrile, neat TCA was thermally evaporated onto the PbS QD film through a shadow mask at a rate of 1-3 Å/s from a resistively heated crucible. The rubrene/DBP was then evaporated onto the entire substrate without a mask. The devices were encapsulated using EpoTek UV-curing epoxy glue.