The mechanism involves forming photoactive Ti⁴⁺-OH bonds through the hydrolysis of Ti⁴⁺-Cl bonds by ambient air humidity. Upon exposure to light and air, these Ti⁴⁺-OH bonds release hydroxyl radicals, facilitating the reduction of the titanium center (Ti⁴⁺ → Ti³⁺/Ti²⁺). The reduced titanium species, with increased electron density, effectively capture atmospheric CO₂, initiating a spontaneous and intricate reduction process that produces long-chain oxygenated hydrocarbons. This solar-driven, autonomous production distinguishes the system from conventional AP methods.