Titanium and its alloys have been used extensively for orthopaedic implants, dental implants, and medical devices since its Young's modulus is close to natural bone. Although the α + β-type Ti-6Al-4V alloy is the state-of-the-art material of choice in the orthopaedic field due to an optimal implant-bone interaction, the leaching of vanadium and aluminium from Ti-6Al-4V beyond a threshold level could cause peripheral neuropathy, Osteomalacia, and Alzheimer . The supplementary note is therefore a cautionary tale of formative assessment that is misaligned with decision-driven data collection with no prospect for improvement and adjustment after assessment. Given that lesson objectives tend to exceed lesson duration, formative assessment plans span related lessons to manage difficulties such as alignment between lessons and the planning of follow-up activities . Despite the great opportunities of artificial intelligence in education , the supplementary note emphasizes the narrative of a decline in critical thinking and independent problem-solving. This may be exacerbated by educator-centred science inquiry in science education, which calls for long-term corrective professional educator development in science inquiry . Moreover, professional agency and educator motivation are crucial, considering the lack of clarity of how certain educators design and implement successful formative assessment plans . Combining formative assessment and the scientific understanding, which a student possesses with favourable cognitive stimulation, can improve student attainment in science .