where 𝜀 is the porosity (in fraction) after calendering, 𝜀 is the minimum achievable porosity (in fraction), 𝜀 is the initial porosity (=0.55), A is the compressibility factor (dimensionless), b is the compressibility coefficient of mass loading, and B is a fitting parameter. The equation is fitted with reported values and modified to provide a general trend of the calendering process. Particularly, the equation for various electrode chemistries is simplified by taking only two cases of electrodes: a soft electrode (such as graphite) and a hard electrode (such as NMC, LTO). Each case has a different compressibility factor and different minimum porosities (18 % for soft electrodes and 25 % for hard electrodes), but the values for b and B are kept the same for both cases. It is important to note that the minimum achievable porosity is also affected by the mass loading and temperature, which are not accounted for in this calculation. The final electrode thickness is found with the porosity after calendering using equation ( ) and substituting 0.55 with the final porosity.