In Section 2 we introduce the background of the biology for the bone local environment. Key techniques for mathematical modeling are categorized and introduced in Section 3 and are applied to cells of the bone remodeling cycle. Section 4 expands the background to include systemic biological and pharmacological influences on bone remodeling. Section 5 reviews existing biochemical models for bone remodeling. In Section 5.4 we emphasize how current models consider bone remodeling aspects from a systems biology perspective and point to several gaps in biological concepts that have yet to be considered thoroughly, thus highlighting opportunities for future systems biology models. Summaries of the Mathematical models of bone remodeling mathematical models discussed in our review can be found in Supplementary Material Tables , where the models are organized by modeling technique and include information about the cellular and biochemical molecules used, motivations and insights, and connections to other models.