Cost reduction using Pt-alloys is possible due to two key features: (i) Pt-alloys dilute Pt-atoms inside the nanoparticle's core and thus improve Pt overall utilisation and (ii) they exhibit a higher kinetic activity towards the ORR due to a combination of a ligand, strain, coordination number and/or surface disorder effects . This class of electrocatalysts has reached significant development as part of past Department of Energy (DoE) projects (in particularly de-alloyed Pt-Co/C and Pt-Ni/C electrocatalysts) and resulted in record in-MEA activities that exceed the DoE performance targets of >0.44 A/mgPt with <40% activity loss after 30k voltage cycles in the RDE and MEAs 28 . For this class of electrocatalysts, alloying is usually obtained via high-temperature thermal annealing .