Under these circumstances, we comprehend how in a spontaneous process within a system ∆G sys < 0 or ∆A sys + p∆V sys < 0. Conversely, when ∆G > 0 or ∆A sys + p∆V sys > 0 the process is not spontaneous but still feasible when the applied heat from the surrounding is more than the net heat from the system to the surrounding. This does not violate the second law of thermodynamics which states a real physical process is always accompanied by an increase in the total entropy of the universe. Certainly, in an expanding universe, the total free energy of the universe always decreases as in a real process (∆G uni < 0).