The electron affinity of absorber materials significantly impacts the overall device performance by aligning the energy levels of adjacent layers, thus optimizing charge transport and reducing potential energy barriers. These observations align with the findings Wang et al., who demonstrated the correlation between energy level alignment and device efficiency Simulation results show that by varying the electron affinity (χ) of the absorber material between 3.0 eV and 4.5 eV, the performance of perovskite-based solar cells can be optimized. The efficiency of the cells was found to increase with an increase in electron affinity, reaching a peak efficiency before gradually decreasing.