Unlike DC methods, our AC-based sensor demonstrated strong stability over extended measurement periods, as anticipated. This stability was confirmed by consistent results across three independent measurements for each sample, highlighting the sensor's reliability and precision. (Figures and showcase examples of the measured EIS spectra) Additionally, measurements of distilled water taken before and after each experiment showed minimal variation, indicating excellent baseline stability and reusability of the sensor.(figure ) This consistent baseline response underscores the robustness of the sensor, with any deviations in the impedance response being negligible. Over the span of 250 days, no significant sensor degradation or fouling was observed, even with minimal maintenance limited to rinsing with DI water. This longterm stability highlights the sensor's potential for continuous monitoring applications, where durability and consistent performance are critical.