Catalysts are widely used in various industries, including medicine and oil refining, as well as necessities such as catalytic converters for automobiles . In catalytic reactions, the adsorption strength of the reactant or its fragments plays a critical role in determining the reaction rate . If the adsorption is too strong, the catalyst surface will be poisoned and lose its activity. On the other hand, if the adsorption is too weak, the reaction will fail to initiate effectively.