(hydrogen peroxide), with a ratio of approximately 1.25 (H2:H2O2) . The intense temperatures and pressures generated during cavitation lead to the formation and dispersion of reactive radical species both within and outside the bubbles . Notably, water sonolysis generates hydrogen at a rate of 10-15 micromoles per minute , which is up to 500 times higher than the rate achieved using photocatalysis alone (approximately 0.035 μM/min) .