Another TEA study by Ravi and Mazumder , employed the methanol-to-olefin/methanolto-gasoline and diesel (MTO-MOGD) process, electrolysis, and DAC. The synthetic hydrocarbon was produced using CO2 and green hydrogen. The economic implications of the study were primarily focused on the potential for decarbonizing road transport. The MFSP for e-gasoline was determined to be 3.24 USD/litre, and for e-diesel, it was 2.89 USD/litre when powered by solar energy. The levelized cost of electricity (LCOe) ranged from $379 to $564 USD/MWh, indicating that e-fuels can emerge as a carbon-neutral option, especially with the implementation of fossil CO2 taxation. In the study aimed at the technical and economic feasibility of turning bio-oil to naphtha, kerosene, glycerol, and diesel, Pipitone, Zoppi used different methods including hydrogenation, electrolysis, and aqueous phase reforming (APR) in the assessment using feedstocks such as palm oil and H2. APR led to an increase of 6.6% in the fixed capital investment. However, it resulted in a 22% decrease in direct manufacturing costs. The calculated MFSP based on this study was 1.84 USD/kg Pipitone, Zoppi . It should be noted that the use of waste oils as feedstock can be challenging as they might contain higher fatty acids and lower triglycerides.