To validate the success of ALE, we assessed bacterial growth on syngas under batch and continuous flow conditions (Figure ), simulating potential future application designs. Cell populations were monitored via OD600 readings, and C2 products (acetate and ethanol) were quantified using quantitative ¹ H NMR (qNMR) spectroscopy (Figure ). The adapted strain, Cladapt, exhibited faster growth and higher final OD600 values than the wildtype Clwt in both modes. In batch mode, Cladapt reached an OD600 increase (ΔOD600) of 0.043 ± 0.002 by day 4, approximately 2.5 times higher than the 0.017 ± 0.003 ΔOD600 of Clwt (Figure ). In continuous flow mode, by day 6, Cladapt and Clwt recorded OD600 values of 1.021 ± 0.343 and 0.091 ± 0.117, respectively, indicating an 11.2-fold increase in the adapted strain. Growth rate analysis (Table ) showed that Cladapt had rates of 0.376 ± 0.022 per day in batch mode and 0.959 ± 0.106 per day in flow mode, compared to Clwt's slower rates of 0.255 ± 0.007 and 0.232 ± 0.215 per day, respectively (Figure ). The enhanced growth of Cladapt under flow mode suggests improved syngas utilization following ALE, likely due to increased CO tolerance, as previous studies have shown high CO concentrations can impede growth rates. product generation (acetate and ethanol) between Cladapt and Clwt under batch gas purging conditions (syngas purging for 30 min daily, 112 mL headspace). (D) Similar comparative analysis under continuous gas flow conditions (10 mL syngas per min). Growth conditions: PETC medium (pH 5.9), 37 °C with 150 rpm mixing.