and stored carbohydrate (XPG) and lipid (XTAG) would increase (Figure ). These observations were in line with the general understanding of microalgal metabolism. Nonetheless, the model yielded an exaggerated rate of functional biomass loss and/or underestimated carbohydrate and lipid storage, resulting in VSS predictions (where VSS is the sum of the functional biomass and storage compounds) that had the appropriate downward trend after April 17, 2022 but had lower values than experimental observations (Figure ). In summary, the strength of our model to capture the general trends of state variables according to nutrient availability was validated, but its ability to precisely predict short-term dynamics and biomass/biopolymer concentrations remains an area for improvement.