Future work should focus on tuning the properties of carbon electrodes, such as heteroatom content to increase the lithiophilicity and therefore propensity to plate lithium , or degree of graphitisation to reduce the energy losses caused by intercalation. Carbon electrodes may exhibit higher Faradaic efficiencies in alternative chemistries, such as calcium. Therefore, beyond-lithium electrolytes as well as lithium-based electrolytes will be used to develop the ideal carbon electrode.