Comparing the structures in Fig. with the corresponding initial porosity fields in Fig. shows how the details of the topology optimization output were converted by the TPMS translation workflow. As can be seen in Fig. , the dendrite-like conductive pathways formed on top of the membrane and around the flow pathway for the electrochemical performance in both runs were captured adequately by the variableporosity infill structures. These patterns can easily be observed in the 3D printed samples shown in Fig. too, in which the darker green areas showcase the regions with higher porosity, whereas the lighter green comes from the unit cells with lower porosity. As the next step for future studies, the 3D printed samples will undergo the carbonization process, after which they will be used to assess the performance of the inversely designed electrodes in a real redox flow cell setup . The current effort to continue the investigation also includes imaging the cross-section of the printed samples to make sure that the unit cells have been replicated correctly and check the interconnectivity of the open pores in the structures.