The first property ensures that the molecular charge distributions are overpolarized enough to be representative of dielectric environments likely to be encountered in condensed phase simulations. One possibility to satisfy properties (1) and ( ) is for the method to utilize a polarizing medium/solvent that has a dielectric constant between the lowest (e.g., ε » 1.8-2.0 for alkanes) and highest (e.g., ε » 80 for water) dielectric constants likely to be encountered in typical biomolecular simulation scenarios. Indeed, previous studies have used solvents with intermediate dielectric constants to generate charges for biomolecular simulations in the aqueous phase to balance the effects of electronic distortion and polarization energies, thereby facilitating comparisons between free energies obtained from fixed-charge MD simulations and experiments. The third property ensures that the relative strength of the predicted overpolarization will be the same across different chemical moieties and not result in systematic errors for certain moieties (i.e., it will be transferable).