A principal example of the physical meaning of this equation could be the following: The universe's size reaches a maximum where the attraction forces overcompete the repulsion forces and the size of the universe start to decrease. Under this condition, the second law of thermodynamics is reversed and the entropy of the universe decreases in every single natural process (∆S uni < 0). The decrease in size of the universe continues until the particles are very close to each other where the size of the universe is minimum and this time repulsive forces between them overcompetes the attraction forces. This time, the size of the universe starts to grow again (∆S uni > 0). These incomplete cycles continue for an adequately long time until the size of the universe damps to an equilibrium state similar to a real pendulum or harmonic oscillator, except there may remain only small thermal fluctuations in a reversible manner in the universe where ∆S uni = 0. In this case, microscopic particles in the universe would perpetually fluctuate around an absolute equilibrium state reversibly in accessible microscopic states through the undamped oscillation of free energies that we present in Figure . Given this mindset, we can also say that a cyclic process with large modes of periodic oscillation in the free energy change is reversible (Figure : left graph). On the other hand, in a non-equilibrium system depending on how far it is driven from the equilibrium and what other forces are on the system, the damping time can vary from one to another. Furthermore, the relative sizes of the surrounding and the system affect the trend in periodic cycles of energy dissipation. Nonetheless, the system eventually reaches an equilibrium state with the surrounding. In Figure : middle and right graphs, we show two examples of energy dissipation through damping in irreversible processes within a system that is driven away from equilibrium. As we discussed, an irreversible process in an out-of-equilibrium system dissipates its energy to the surrounding over time. Figure (middle and right graphs) shows how a system initially with non-negligible net entropic energy dissipates its energy. While the dissipation of energy can be gradual (Figure : middle graph) but it can occur very quickly with critical damping behavior (Figure : right graph).