x(y) is the surface profile's vertical height deviation from a primary reference line at a precise position y within this specified length. The capability of our system to enable a resolution of one pixel is roughly 0.1mm. Considering that the layer height was fixed at 0.2 mm, which corresponds to 2 pixels, the resolution of the utilized system is not sufficient for examining intralayer quality.The primary profiles of the cylinders were determined through linear regression, using the points corresponding to various contours on both sides of the printed cylinder sample.