Iron and steel are not only used in infrastructure but are fundamental to modern construction, symbolizing strength, reliability, and durability. However, corrosion, the gradual deterioration of materials through electrochemical reactions with their environment remains a persistent challenge across various industries. The corrosion of iron and steel affects the integrity of largescale infrastructure, transportation networks and even the lifespan of everyday products. Despite advancements in materials science and the development of corrosion prevention strategies, such as the use of inhibitors, iron corrosion continues to pose serious safety and economic concerns worldwide. According to the National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE), the cost of corrosion is projected to reach US$ 2.5 trillion, equivalent to 3.4% world's GDP. Preventing and controlling corrosion, as well as developing advanced inhibitors and corrosion-resistant materials, is essential for the sustainable use of these materials. Achieving this requires a thorough understanding of corrosion mechanisms at the molecular level. The mechanism of the corrosion process is governed by electrochemical reactions in the presence of an electrolyte, leading to the formation of rust in the form of hydroxides and oxides.