The extent to which footprint reductions are possible by considering environmental costs during optimization can be understood by evaluating the obtained trade-off mixture ratios against feed ingredient mixtures that minimize only the feed price within each Pareto front (Fig. ). Fig. shows that accounting for trade-offs between environmental and monetary costs results in relatively large reductions in the environmental footprint at only marginally increased feed prices. The degree to which this occurs varies depending on the target feed and environmental indicator.