The up-regulation of the Psat04G0407200-T1 gene suggested that Fe/Mn-SOD may be vital in bolstering the defense of the plants against oxidative stress induced by alkaline conditions. These findings emphasized the essential role of Cu/Zn-SOD in regulating ROS metabolism during pea seed germination under normal environmental conditions. However, under alkaline stress, the resistance mechanisms of seeds were primarily mediated by Fe/Mn-SOD (Fig. ).