Efficiently integrating intermittent renewable energy sources into the electricity grid requires advanced energy storage solutions to balance supply and demand . The promise of design flexibility, high scalability, low maintenance costs, and long cycle-life renders redox flow batteries (RFBs) as a viable short-and medium-term stationary storage technology for the excess electricity generated by renewables . A typical RFB consists of two main components: tanks for storing the negative and positive electrolytes and a fuel cell where redox reactions occur during charging and discharging cycles. Electrolytes are pumped into the cell and collected back into the tanks following the electrochemical conversion. With this unique design that decouples energy and power, RFBs offer high flexibility in chemical design and high scalability for grid-scale energy storage.