Bed configurations: All experiments were carried out in a stainless-steel tubular reactor with an inner diameter 𝑑 of 8 mm and a total length of 0.5 m. To achieve axially uniform heating, the reactor was placed in an electrically heated aluminium shell. A detailed description of the reactor setup can be found in our previous work . Four different bed configurations of the catalyst, sorbent and inert SiC were applied as shown in Figure . All arrangements contained the same mass of catalyst (14 g), while the volume of the sorbent is the same as for the catalyst. In every bed configuration, a fresh batch of the materials was used, while each material was separated from the others by glass wool to avoid mixing of the solids. this arrangement was used to determine the residence time behavior of the characteristic packed-bed reactor, which shows the typically expected step response for a real tubular-type reactor. For bed configuration b), the reactor volume was sequentially divided into a catalyst bed and a bed of pure AC (3 g AC) of equal volume. This arrangement was used to measure the sorption of NH3 onto the AC used as support material for the chloride-based sorbent. As the sorption onto the support material is expected to be negligible, the shape of the transient response is assumed to be similar to the trend shown for configuration a). Configuration c) consists of a catalyst bed at the reactor inlet followed by a bed of 5 g of the MnCl2/AC sorbent, both exhibiting the same volume.