Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have been deployed for diverse applications in a variety of energy-related reactions and catalytic processes. In electrocatalysis, they have demonstrated considerable potential for application in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), hydrogen evolution reaction , oxygen evolution reaction (OER), carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), and nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) . Additionally, SACs have been employed in methane conversion, CO oxidation, biomass conversion, and the degradation of environmental pollutants . The high catalytic activity and selectivity of SACs render them especially appealing for the production of clean hydrogen through water splitting, particularly in alkaline environments .