In this study, optimal values were used for the simulation, making the process of identifying a highly efficient absorber layer more reliable. The output parameters, including open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current density (Jsc), fill factor (FF), and efficiency (η) for different absorberbased perovskite solar cells (PSCs), are presented in Tables and. These parameters are crucial as the efficiency is directly dependent on them, and they share an interdependent relationship, as expressed in Equation . The equation includes Pin as the input power: