We briefly explain the kinetic models used in this study. Suppose a one-dimensional free-energy surface along a reaction coordinate is coupled with a heat bath (Figure ). The problem is the time it takes for a molecule (e.g., a sodium ion bound to a chloride ion or a ligand in complex with a protein) to overcome an activation barrier. This problem was originally examined by and has been thoroughly discussed in a comprehensive review . If a high-barrier approximation (𝑘 % 𝑇 ≪ 𝛥𝐺 ‡ ) is assumed, then the dissociation time under a constant force is expressed by 29