Figure illustrates key results across the presented pathways. Cumulative emissions account for 7-24% of the 1.5°C global carbon budget by 2050 (510 GtCO2eq, 50% probability of limiting the global temperature below 1.5°C) . The most economic pathways (BDEM-ME, LC-ME, and HC-ME) show the chemical industry using 8-9% of the 1.5°C global CO2 budget available by 2050 (cumulative GHG emissions of 42-47 GtCO2eq), the difference resulting from higher levels of resource efficiency and circularity, and more aggressive abatement. This requires 0.45-0.85 Gt CO2 to be captured in 2050, equivalent to 25-50% of the CCS storage cap. In the early phase of the transition, this cap severely limits the deployment of CCS (Fig. ). The LC/HC-NFAX and HC-NFS pathways produce only 36 GtCO2eq cumulative emissions (~ 7% of the global CO2 budget), while lowering the demand for CCS to 0.16-0.31 GtCO2eq/year.