The histograms reveal that ∆G del O spans a vast range of energies for all configurations, with values varying from below 1.0 eV to above 2.0 eV. Figure : Normalized distribution of deletion energies across four oxidized configurations, with predicted electrochemical potentials indicated for each case. The mean deletion energy is shown by the vertical dashed line. Only outer-shell oxygen atoms were considered in the analysis to avoid biasing the results. The CHE is not applied on the energies to allow for a direct comparison between configurations.