z 0 (ε HOMO ) for the anions splits into two linear dependencies, the first one represented by the BF 4 -, PF 6 -, F - and OH -ions, the second oneby the other ions; i-PrCOO -and p-TsO -are noticeably out of the trend. In case of p-TsO -, such spread of values may also be caused by the total volume and the associated asymmetry of the system due to the Ph-group, leading to an overestimation of the z 0 distances relative to the trend. The i-PrCOO -distance from the electrode is also associated with the voluminous i-Pr group. The z 0 (ε LUMO ) plot, as the one for the ions on Al 2 O 3 (Figure The strongest binding to the gold surface is observed for hydroxonium, which is followed by alkali metal cations and EMPyr + . PyMe + , as in case of graphene, is weakly bound to the surface. For the Au (111) surface, the voluminous organic PyMe + and EMPyr + cations drop out of the exponential dependence of E ads (ε HOMO ) and E ads (ε LUMO ) (Figure ). In addition, a significant shift towards negative energies is observed for H 3 O + . In case of the alkali metal, TMA + and EMI + cations, the dependencies are almost exponential, the E ads value in both cases decreases with an increase in ε HOMO and ε LUMO .