Organic biohybrid photocathodes were next assembled by interfacing the IO-TiO2 network with conventional structure OPVs using conductive graphite epoxy (GE) paste as encapsulant (Fig. , see Fig. for energy levels) . The BHJ PCE10:EH-IDTBR was selected for its promising PV open circuit voltage (Voc) and operational stability . The 23 devices with active areas of ~0.25 cm 2 displayed similar performance as our previous work , averaging 1.04±0.01 V Voc, -19.0±0.9 mA cm -2 short-circuit current density (Jsc), 56.1±1.2% fill factor (FF) and 11.1±0.6% photovoltaic cell efficiency (PCE) in the reverse scan direction (Fig. ). The champion device attained a PCE of 11.8%, comparable to reported benchmark devices (Fig. ) .