would result if a ketene intermediate is formed from the trideuterated acetate methyl (i.e., CBN-OAc-D 3 ). (Bottom) Conversely, if ketene is not formed as a reaction intermediate, an alternative addition-elimination or related reaction would result in trideuterated Nbenzylacetamide (N-benzylacetamide-D 3 ). The second issue centers on concerns that real-world vaping power settings do not provide enough energy to produce ketene. Recent theoretical studies show that unrealistically high vaping temperatures, in excess of at least 700 ⁰C, are required for any significant levels of ketene to form from VEA or other acetates. To address this issue, some have proposed that ineffective wicking (resulting in dry, overheated vaporizer coils, colloquially termed "dry puff") or catalysis are potential causes of ketene production at relatively low power settings. Alternatively, herein we hypothesize that ketene formation at real world vaping temperatures can be explained if one accounts for the impact of oxygen. This hypothesis is based on prior studies reported by our group in 2017, as well as in subsequent reports by us and by others.