ATP binding sites (ABC). The ATP binding sites are in AAA, AAA_15, CBIO, CBS, OppC_N, STAS, TOBE_2 domains. AAA (Pfam: PF13173) is an ATPase 74 related to a variety of cellular activities, an ATP-dependent protein clamp that can achieve ATP-dependent proteasome function and ATP-dependent anchoring of proteins. AAA (ATPases Associated with diverse cellular Activities) protein couples the chemical energy provided by ATP hydrolysis with conformational changes and converts it into mechanical force exerted on macromolecular substrates . The AAA protein of the cyclic P-ring NTPase exerts its activity through energy-dependent remodeling or translocation of macromolecules . It involved AAA protein in protein degradation and membrane fusion. The AAA domain contains two sub-domains, an N-terminal alpha/beta domain that binds and hydrolyzes nucleotides (Rossmann fold) and a C-terminal alpha-helix domain . AAA_15 (Interpro entry: IPR041685) is the AAA ATPase domain, which contains a P-ring motif characteristic of the AAA superfamily . CBIO (Interpro entry: IPR005876) is the cobalt transporter ATP binding subunit . CBS domain (Interpro) entry: IPR000644) binds to ligands with adenosine groups , such as AMP, ATP, and S-AdoMet. OppC_N (Interpro entry: IPR025966) is an oligopeptide transport permease C-like, N-terminal domain, and is a highly conserved ATP binding cassette transporter . The STAS (sulfate transporter and AntiSigma factor antagonist) domain (Interpro entry: IPR002645) was found in the C-terminal region of the bacterial anti-sigma factor antagonist (ASA) and SLC26 (SulP) anion transporter. The STAS domain of ASA SpoIIAA binds GTP and ATP , and has weak NTPase activity. The decisive sequence conservation shows that the STAS domain may have general NTP binding activity. TOBE_2 (Interpro entry: IPR013611) is a transport-related OB, type 2, found in the ABC transporter after the ATPase domain . In summary, we can see that there are two ATP binding motifs in Table , "HYQEC" (residues 19-23) and "TYEGNS" (residues 39-44), the former is at the N-terminal, and the latter is at at the middle near C-terminal. The sites of AAA_15, CBIO, CBS, OppC_N, STAS, TOBE_2 domains are ATP binding regions. CBIO and TOBE_2 have two ATP binding sites at the N and middle, respectively. AAA_15 and CBS have a N-terminal ATP binding site, and OppC_N and STAS have a middle ATP binding site. AAA spans the ATP binding site and the TM binding site.