The Brownian motion of the fluorescent beads embedded in hydrogels was first analyzed (Figure and). Videos recording the motion of the fluorescent beads in the samples were acquired for 80 frames at ~286 ms intervals, using 488 nm laser excitation. After applying 55 kPa of compressive stress, the hydrogels that contained EGTA-loaded vesicles showed increased movements of the fluorescent beads, with a significant increase of diffusivity from 0 μm 2 /s to 0.24 μm 2 /s (Figure , S8, and Supplementary Video). The increased diffusivity indicates that the beads had an increased range of movement within the hydrogel network, implying the dissociation of the calcium crosslinks in alginate hydrogel due to the released EGTA. In two control groups, a hydrogel without vesicles and a hydrogel with vesicles without EGTA, the motion of the beads did not change after stress was applied. These results demonstrate that alginate hydrogels containing EGTA-loaded vesicles can be successfully degraded under an external mechanical stress.