In addition to being referred to as alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chlorides, ammonium alkyl dimethyl (phenylmethyl) chlorides, and alkyl dimethyl (phenylmethyl) quaternary ammonium chlorides, benzalkonium chlorides (BACs) are also referred to as quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), whose structure is illustrated in Figure . Due to their greater biocidal activity, C12 and C14 derivatives are usually sold in mixtures of compounds with chains from C8 to C18. This mixture is usually sold commercially . Gerhard Domagk originally revealed BAC in 1935. The first product in the United States to include BAC was registered with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1947 . Because of their stability, high antibacterial activities in acid formulation, and long shelf life, the quaternary surfactants benzalkonium chloride (BAC) and benzathine chloride are selected by a significant number of producers. Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) can range from being colorless to having a very light-yellow hue, depending on its purity (impure). There is a high degree of solubility of benzalkonium chloride in both ethanol and acetone. Although dissolving in water for most of substances is a sluggish process, but BAC is highly soluble in water. In general, aqueous solutions are chosen because they are simpler to work with. It is recommended that aqueous solutions have a neutral to slightly alkaline pH . In addition to being cationic surfactants, BAC is also frequently utilized as a disinfectant and germicide due to the powerful protein-denaturing effect that they possess. A solution of 10% BAC combination is typically utilized, particularly in hospitals; this solution is then diluted to a solution that is between 0.05 and 0.1 % with the intention of being used for a variety of disinfection procedures .