LCB fractionation has been widely studied using several strategies depending on the type of biomass used and the fraction of interest, but for optimal comparability, only BSG or similar biomass (wheat straw or corn stalk) will be reviewed. As detailed previously (4.1), hemicellulose is easily separated by mild pre-treatments thanks to its amorphous nature which liberates and exposes lignin and cellulose that require stronger conditions to be separated and/or degraded. Like for BSG's dewatering, the use of mechanical treatment is preferred to soften the matrix, reducing the environmental impact of such fractionation. Two examples of full fractionation of wheat straw biomass were described by Ortega et al. et Liu et al. and are shown below (Figure ). In both cases, a pre-hydrolysis was performed to isolate hemicellulose. For Liu et al., a DAE allowed to obtain it selectively while Ortega et al. recovered a part of the lignin fraction that had to be separated from the oligomeric hemicellulose by the less selective steam extraction. Nevertheless, a simple acid washing results in the precipitation of lignin to recover hemicellulose. After its removal, the rest of the matrix was subject to organosolv procedure to separate lignin and recover cellulose. For the latter, it was hydrolysed using enzymes by Liu et al. to break it down to saccharides. The economic feasibility of such a biorefinery has been studied and would yield hemicellulose with an estimated price of 0.05 €/kg. issue. To ease this tedious separation between lignin and cellulose, HIUS (high intensity sonication) softened the matrix for a more efficient liberation of cellulose. A larger-scale