Transition metals possess desirable properties, such as incompletely filled d-orbitals, multiple oxidation states, chemical stability, and polyvalence, which endow them with the necessary electrocatalytic activity for cathode interfacial chemistries in metal-CO2 batteries. Various TM-based catalysts, including precious metals (Ru nanoparticles on graphene, Ag-graphene), metal carbides/oxides (Ndoped CNT network with IrO2, Ni nanoparticles on N-doped graphene, Cu-doped N-graphene, and Mo2C nanoparticles on CNT matrix, NiO on CNT, TiO2 on CNT), co-doped compounds (Ru4Cu1 on CNT, Ru-Cu-G), have demonstrated improved performance and stability in metal-CO2 batteries. For example, the remarkable catalytic activity of the Ru-based catalyst toward the breakdown of Li2CO3 renders them the most promising catalyst among these material classes. Ni/r-GO (reduced graphene oxide) electrode for Li-CO2 battery exhibited an overpotential of 1.5 V, rate capability of 1000 mA h g -1 and reliable cycling performance (around 100 cycles). In addition, the introduction of Cu into N-doped graphene provided Li-CO2 battery with an overpotential of 0.77 V and cyclic stability of around 50 cycles. By saturating CNTs with RuO2, Zou's group was able to reduce the Li-CO2 battery's charging potential and so extend the battery's life. Mixed oxide-based electrocatalysts made of Co2MnOx nanowires decorated on carbon nanofibers have been employed to improve the decomposition of Na2CO3 in Na-CO2 batteries. Li-CO2 batteries with a cathode composite of porous ZnCo2O4 nanorods and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on a stainless steel substrate possess an improved capacity of 500 mA h g -1 and a high cycle performance of 290 cycles at 100 mA g -1 . Since bivalent Mg reacts differently with CO2 and organic electrolytes and also has slower redox kinetics than monovalent alkali metals, the cathode for alkali-CO2 batteries comprising transition metal-based catalysts cannot be directly used. Furthermore, the development of Mg-CO2 batteries is still in its early stages, with a limited understanding of cathode catalyst design. Hence, further mechanistic understanding of cathode interfacial chemistry and the role of catalytic cathodes is essential to expedite the advancement of practical Mg-CO2 batteries as sustainable energy storage solutions.