After parameterization, we are specifically interested in tracking permeation for sorgoleone or its precursors across plant plasma membranes. For species that permeate quickly, equilibrium simulation is sufficient to track membrane crossing events, where a small molecule passes from one leaflet to the next, analogous to prior studies. Since sorgoleone and the other molecules share a large hydrophobic lipid tail, we would expect each of the molecules to quickly insert into the bilayer. We can quantify this motion by plotting the relative z-distance between the membrane and the quinone headgroup for each of the individual molecules placed in the simulation (Fig. ). Different molecules insert into the membrane at different rates. The initial equal spacing between molecules quickly breaks down, as sorgoleone and the other molecules will aggregate in solution prior to permeating into the membrane bulk. Once associated to the membrane, the compounds dissociate from each other and separate from one another.