Ultraviolet and visible (UV/Vis) absorption spectroscopy is a standard tool in most chemical and biochemical labs, with applications ranging from electronic-structure characterization to determining the concentrations of DNA and proteins, and characterizing aromatic compounds and tracking ligand binding. The UV and visible absorption wavelengths and intensities of a molecule provide information on its electronic structure, and additional solvatochromic and excitonic effects on the spectrum can be used as a probe of the conformation, as in the case of protein folding and DNA base pairing. Furthermore, UV/Vis spectroscopy is non-destructive, comparatively inexpensive, and since UV/Vis absorptions are comparatively quite strong, UV/Vis spectroscopy can be used to analyze solutions with concentrations down to µM.