The next step involved seamlessly integrating the 3D structured template into the electrospinning process. This innovative approach, known as template-assisted electrospinning , allowed us to harness the benefits of both 3D printing and electrospinning technologies, merging precision with scalability to create a sophisticated multilayered structure mimicking the complexity of the vascular wall. The 3D printed structure served as a robust template, dictating the overall shape and architecture of the electrospun fibers.