However, SOHIO was unable to find any use of the device, which was then licensed by Nippon Electric Company (NEC), Japan in 1957. At this stage, SOHIO acknowledge the performance of their device as a capacitor with high specific capacity and patented a disc-shaped capacitor in 1970, which consisted of a carbon paste electrode soaked in an electrolyte. In 1971, NEC licensed the technology from SOHIO, and launched the first commercially effective doublelayer capacitors under the name "supercapacitor" in 1975. Right after the commercialization of NEC's product, many such agencies attempted to design their own electrochemical capacitors. In 1978, ECOND manufactured Panasonic's Goldcap (PSCap), an electrochemical capacitor used in diesel locomotive engines as a starter, which is 2 ft in height and 9 inches in diameter, with an RC time-constant less than 1 s, and a voltage capacity upto 200 V with a maximum energy of 45 kJ. PSCap electrochemical capacitor was quite successful in the commercialization of solar-powered watches. Following the progress of PSCap, spiral-wound configuration was designed for electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. Later, the UpCap rated as 2000 F with a capacity of 2.V was conFig.d, which was economical, equipped with low series resistance, and labelled as the best option for hybrid vehicle application due to its feature of dispelling the internally generated heat. Matsushita Electric Industrial Company (Panasonic in the Western world) developed the gold capacitor. Various adsorption models such as the Gouy-Chapman, Helmholtz, and Stern models were gradually established and improved from 1880 to 1924. The first high double-layer capacitor was designed by PRI and in 1982, "PRI Ultra capacitor" was developed by incorporating metal-oxide electrodes exclusively for military applications such as laser weaponry and missile guidance systems.