Interestingly, under specific conditions, such as heat stress or exposure to EDTA (used in food preservation), the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria becomes permeabilized. This allows Nisin to access and disrupt the inner membrane and cell wall of Gram-negative pathogens, such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli strains . Moreover, recent developments in chimeric lantibiotic design have shown that combining Nisin with peptides capable of penetrating the outer membrane can significantly enhance its effectiveness against high-priority Gram-negative pathogens like A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae .