At a high current density of 800 mA cm -2 , the p-CO3 2-peak bifurcated, resulting in an additional peak at 1521 cm⁻¹, assigned to asymmetrically vibrated p-CO3 2-. Furthermore, a peak at 1665 cm⁻¹, corresponding to weakly bonded monodentate bicarbonate (m-HCO3 -), also appeared. The electrochemical current within the SOER, in fact, enhances the concentration of intermediates such as p-CO3 2-, b-HCO3 -, and m-HCO3 -under propane and carbon dioxide flow.