Various combinations of the materials and methods were used to develop nucleic acid-based sensors for the detection of general E. coli and STEC. This includes the electrode material, the surface chemistry application of the electrode, probe immobilisation and the chosen electrochemical method for detection of the hybridisation event. The biosensors collected in this review were divided into four categories depending on the electrode's materials (gold, ITO, or carbon) used and magnetic particles. Clearly, the electrode material, surface modification and detection technique have been key factors for the development of sensitive and selective biosensors. Carbon and gold were the most often applied electrode materials among selected literature and typically their modification with a mix of nanomaterials and polymers demonstrated even greater enhancement in sensitivity that resulted in achieving limits of detection in fM and aM range. Many researchers have shown the proof-of-concept with synthetic DNA strands while the real-life applications have been validated with a bacterial culture, naturally contaminated or spiked food samples. In the future, more focus should be placed on sensor's calibration using bacterial culture allowing for establishing an LOD in CFU/mL. This would give a better overview of sensor's performance. In addition, using high volumes of complex samples for the validation would show how such system may perform in the agri-food industry.