We depict this type of multi-step solvation in Fig. for DS -at the ACWI (panels a→b→c→d), in bulk water (panels e→f→g→h), and at the AWI (panels i→j→k→l). Here, turning on the vw interactions corresponds to inserting a cavity into the solvent (panels b, f, and j), and turning on the solute-solvent LJ interactions (panels c, g, and k). Note that here we only consider cavity insertion and LJ coupling in a single step (i.e. the vw step), but we can estimate the contributions due to each of these substeps as the entropic (cavity) and energetic (LJ) components of the vw free energy as discussed below. After turning on the vw solute-solvent coupling, we turn on the el coupling (panels d, h, and l).