Urea (U) is used as a fertilizer for enhancing the yields of rice and other crops . Since it is absorbed by vegetation, and vegetables are consumed by humans, it seems safe to assume that U is an environmentally friendly substance. Also, U is used widely in coatings for pools, water parks, and cables. Since humans generate copious quantities of U in their urine, are exposed with minimal protection in the environment to U, and no reports have surfaced to indicate that urea is carcinogenic or in any way unsafe, we have not hesitated to use U in our experiments related to softening PVC.