Incorporation of other foreign cations during the formation of CMOH coating is known. Whereas a redox reaction (Eq. 3) is fundamental for the deposition, earlier reports have not only exhibited successful inclusion of oxidizable metal ions like Co 2+ , Fe 2+ , and Ce 3+ through inner-sphere intermediates with the anionic oxidant (in this case, MnO4 -), but also individual inclusion of oxidation-inert metals like Cu 2+ or Ag + in significant amounts. So we doped antimicrobial-active cations into CMOH to yield antibacterial coatings.