The catalysts can serve dual roles in disinfecting water by degrading bacterial cells and addressing antimicrobial resistance by eliminating antibiotic residues. To transition from laboratory studies to real-world applications, collaborations between researchers, industry stakeholders, and policymakers are crucial. Such partnerships can drive innovation in scaling up production, integrating photocatalytic systems into existing wastewater treatment plants, and addressing regulatory requirements. Demonstration projects and pilot-scale implementations would help bridge the gap between research and commercialization.