When generating Clar structures for these catalysts with the assumed constraint that their cationic nitrogen atoms cannot be in aromatic rings, we found that the Clar structures identify the active sites in each catalyst. While there are no aromatic rings that can be drawn in the Clar structure for catalyst A without including nitrogen, the active carbon is the only location where O2 may bind that breaks aromaticity of only the cationic nitrogen, and thus avoiding the destabilization of other carbons in the catalyst. For catalyst B, the Clar structure identifies three carbons that are not part of rings, but the carbon adjacent to the cationic nitrogen is the only active site because binding O2 to the other carbons would either leave the adjacent carbon with a radical electron or require reducing the number of rings in the Clar structure (Figure ). For catalyst C there are five carbons outside of aromatic rings in the Clar structure, but the two active sites are once again determined by where O2 can bind without disrupting the octet of surrounding carbons. Beyond catalytic activity, these Clar structures bear a strong resemblance to the spin density plots of these catalysts (Figure ), and may provide a predictive tool for identifying N + -GCC active sites without use of DFT. We used the active sites and intermediates to calculate the reaction free energy for each intermediate in the catalytic cycle for catalysts A, B, and C, designating for catalyst C the active site para to the cationic nitrogen as C-1 and the ortho site as C-2 (Table ). The values in Table are the energy minima for the intermediates, and do not account for the barrier height of the transitions between intermediates. These values indicate that the reactions 𝑅 -𝑂 # 𝐻 → 𝑅 -𝑂 and 𝑅 -𝑂 → 𝑅 -𝑂𝐻 are not thermodynamic barriers, similar to the previously studied GCC. Independent of whether the chemical step 𝑅 → 𝑅 -𝑂 # is grouped with the electrochemical step 𝑅 -𝑂 # → 𝑅 -𝑂 # 𝐻, the electrochemical process of forming 𝑅 -𝑂 # 𝐻 is the likely source of the overpotential for catalysts A and C-1, placing them in the weak-binding regime of ORR catalysts. Catalysts B, on the other hand, is likely limited by 𝑅 -𝑂𝐻 → 𝑅, placing it in the strong-binding regime. Catalyst C-2 is quite close to the threshold between these regimes, and its classification would depend on the kinetics of how 𝑅 -𝑂 # 𝐻 is formed. One particularly interesting feature of catalyst C is the marked difference between these active sites despite their proximity and chemical similarity; although the scaling relation between the first and last steps are not significantly affected, the epoxide intermediate has a significant effect on the steps involving 𝑅 -𝑂.