Technological parameters are parameters intrinsic to a technology's design and operations (e.g., material properties, reaction coefficients). Unlike decision variables, values of technological parameters are subject to the technology rather than the designer or the operator. For instance, the design and simulation of a biological treatment process may require an assumption of the maximum specific growth rate (a technological parameter), which is intrinsic to the microorganisms. Notably, if a parameter is not intrinsic and can instead be calculated (e.g., cell growth rates can be calculated using maximum specific growth rates, temperature, and relevant constituent concentrations), this parameter should be modeled through algorithms rather than being included as an independent input. Similar to decision variables, magnitudes of technological parameter uncertainty can be related to TRLs/MRLs, with early-stage technologies having larger uncertainty due to the lack of knowledge. However, one can leverage theoretical values or technological limitations to constrain parameter uncertainty during QSD execution, and the results of QSD can be used in turn to set targets for technological parameters in research and development (Section 5.3). For instance, 100% can be used as the theoretical upper limit for contaminant removal, or an effluent P around 0.3-1 mg•L -1 may be assumed as the performance limit for mainstream enhanced biological phosphorus removal to account for the current state of technology. 74