Over the past few decades, SBDD has attained a significant degree of maturity. This is especially true with regard to structure-based virtual screening, which has made remarkable progress despite its intrinsic limitations . In recent years, DL has been used in attempts to further improve the performance of SBDD methods. Perhaps the most well-known example of this is the usage of DL for protein structure prediction. De novo structure prediction with Alphafold RoseTTAfold , or other programs has yielded many protein models of near-experimental accuracy which has further expanded the opportunities and the applicability domain of homology modeling. Protein models are now increasingly used for prediction of many biophysical properties .