To produce monodisperse emulsions, the microfluidic emulsification chip called UPE10×1 (Upscaled Partitioned EDGE [Edge-based droplet generation]) was used (Figure ). These chips were designed in our lab and produced in glass by deep reactive ion etching (Micronit Microfluidics, Enschede, The Netherlands). A chip with 8,064 droplet formation units (DFUs) of 10 × 1 µm (width × height) each was used. More details about the fabrication, operation, and droplet formation were described in the literature.