To understand connections between concepts in the immuno-oncology CAS TrendScape map, we performed an NLP-based analysis which counts the number of co-occurrences of individual emerging concepts in the same sentences of journal abstracts. This allows us to quantify the degree and strength of connection between any two concepts shown in our published CAS TrendScape maps of emerging concepts in immuno-oncology. The plot in Figure illustrates the co-occurrences of emerging concepts in immuno-oncology across four major concept pairs -biomarkers and cancer type, therapeutic targets and cancer type, therapeutic targets and therapy types, and therapy and cancer types. Concepts pairs cooccurred within a sentence in the title or abstract of publications. Plotted are the number of documents published between 2019 and 2022 where pairs of terms co-occur in the same sentence (x axis), and the average growth rate of documents with those co-occurrences over the same time period (y axis). At the outset, the general trend that emerged was that there is a wide range of growth rates for the combinations with relatively low publication frequency (less than 20-40 documents per year), with a long tail extending to high publication numbers but relatively low growth rates. Co-occurrence analysis of emerging concepts in immuno-oncology across four major concept pairs -biomarkers and cancer types (○), therapeutic targets and cancer types (□), therapeutic targets and therapy types (+), and therapy and cancer types (x). Concepts pairs co-occurred within a sentence in the title or abstract of publications. Labels outline certain noteworthy combinations exhibiting either high number of documents (right part of the graph) or high growth rate (upper left).