This comprehensive examination of the microstructure and elemental composition not only aligns with prior studies like that of but also provides valuable insights into the morphological characteristics and elemental makeup of Beneficiated Kaolin and ZnO-K NP, underscoring their potential applications and functionality in various environmental and industrial contexts. The thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) results of ZnO-K NP adsorbents, as depicted in Figure and 5b, offer crucial insights into the composition and behavior of these materials. The TGA was primarily conducted to investigate the impact of organic molecules within the ZnO-K NP adsorbents, while Fig. presents the mass loss DTG curve, revealing distinct weight loss stages. The first stage signifies the physiosorbed water, constituting about 1.9% of the total weight loss. Subsequently, the second stage, occurring between temperatures around 460°C to 600°C, correlates with the dihydroxylation of Kaolin, transitioning from Al2Si2O5 to Al2Si2O7 during the beneficiation process to Metakaolin, resulting in approximately 13% weight loss. Minimal weight loss at 800°C indicates composite formation with ZnO NP, suggesting the presence of ZnO-Kaolin NP composites at this stage. provided further insights into the thermal stability enhancement attributed to interactions between filler and resin blends, as observed in SEM micrographs. This finding resonates with observations by , emphasizing the pivotal role of blend interactions in determining the thermal properties of hybrid composites. The TGA and DTA results of the ZnO-Kaolin NP composites align with these observations, showcasing the nuanced relationship between composition and thermal stability. This alignment underscores the significance of understanding material interactions and composition dynamics in optimizing thermal properties for various applications, especially in the context of hybrid composites and adsorbent materials. The results from the color removal experiment using dosages of 40, 60, 80, and 100 g/L of Beneficiated Kaolin and ZnO-K NP adsorbents, as illustrated in Figure of the Ultraviolet Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis) plot, demonstrate a notable trend. Increasing the amount of adsorbent led to a reduction in the color index and a noticeable shift in the color of palm oil, transitioning from red-orange to a lighter milk color. Interestingly, the 40 and 60 g/L dosages showed consistent values throughout, as did the 80 and 100 g/L dosages, indicating a saturation point in colour reduction efficacy. This saturation effect can be attributed to the increased availability of active adsorption sites with higher adsorbent dosages, leading to enhanced removal of color pigments.