Clustering affects the overall cost of high-precision designs. With linear scaling of 𝑘, dividing nodes into smaller graphs does not result in cost benefits. In contrast, clustering does reduce costs for high precision designs because 𝑛 ⋅ ln(𝑛) is subadditive. By subadditive, we mean that if we divide a group of ligands of size 𝑛 into smaller groups and then plan designs for each cluster, the total number of edges for the whole set decreases.