Enhancing nutrient uptake, assimilation, and utilization is a critical goal in crop improvement, aiming to increase yields while reducing the environmental impact of fertilizer use. Metabolic engineering approaches in this area focus on various aspects of plant nutrition, with particular emphasis on macronutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Modifying nitrogen uptake and assimilation pathways has been a major focus, given the central role of nitrogen in plant growth and the significant environmental concerns associated with nitrogen fertilizer use. Strategies include enhancing the expression of nitrate and ammonium transporters to improve uptake, optimizing the enzymes involved in nitrogen assimilation such as nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase, and improving the efficiency of nitrogen remobilization during senescence . These approaches have shown promise in improving nitrogen use efficiency in various crop species.