Taking the example of battery makers, they can start to use virtual twin technology to design their batteries in a system of systems, with virtual twins made up of 3D chemistry level of the cell, to the 3D engineering level of the cell, pack, module, and device. Once each of those virtual twins are done, they can be subjected to simulation protocols to check, for example, how resistant the design is to external elements. Virtual twins will respond to the virtual testing and reveal how the battery would perform under cold weather conditions as an example. This will enable engineers to determine if they need to change the chemical formulation within the cell or the padding used around the cell, etc. Once the design is ready to move into the manufacturing process, they can use a virtual twin to investigate how to improve the gigafactory layout to mitigate scrap and lower energy consumption; or how different suppliers impact the overall carbon emissions levels of the end product and how the supply chain will be impacted by their choices.