Despite their insulating properties they may be used in immunosensors due to their permselectivity enhancing sensitivity and anti-fouling abilities. Polymers such as o-aminobenzoic acid (o-ABA) and o-phenylenediamine (o-PD) have been electrodeposited onto electrodes resulting in the partial insulation of the electrodes while still allowing for impedimetric response and have reducing nonspecific specific absorption onto the electrode surface. o-ABA has a carboxylic acid functional group and o-PD has an amine functional group, through which proteins can be immobilised onto the surface.