We identified leading scientific journals that are prolific both in terms of volume of output (number of publications) as well as citations to those publications, a rough quantification of their influence (Figure ). While journals such as Analytical Chemistry (Anal Chem) and Biosensors & Bioelectronics (Biosens Bioelectron) appear to lead in terms of absolute number of publications, others such as Journal of the American Chemical Society (J Am Chem Soc) and Angewandte Chemie (Angew Chem) lead in terms of average number of citations per publication (Figure ). A few examples of recent journal articles from ACS Nano that are highly cited include the use of nanosensors for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 as well as wearable including epidermal sensors. A similar methodology was utilized to identify leading research organizations actively involved in research in the field of nanosensors (Figure ). Academic institutions from China (CHN) tend to lead in terms research publication output with the Chinese Academy of Sciences having nearly 5X the number of journal publications as compared to the University of California, the most prolific research organization from the United States (USA). Research organizations from USA appear to lead more in terms of average number of citations indicative of the quality and influence of research output from these organizations with Northwestern University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Stanford University and Massachusetts Institute of technology being the leaders overall (Figure ). Examples of highly cited journal articles originating from these research organizations revolve around the use of nanosensors in wearable electronics, agriculture, and detection and/or monitoring of neurotransmitters 21 among other applications. Geographical distribution of the leading commercial patent assignees was diverse with commercial entities from 7 different countries -South Korea (KOR), USA, Japan (JPN), Germany (DEU), Finland (FIN), China (CHN) and the Netherlands (NLD) (Figure ). On the other hand, leading non-commercial patent assignees were composed overwhelmingly of organizations from China with only 2 out 15 leading assignees originating from South Korea (KOR) (Figure ). A majority of commercial patent assignees were associated with the computing and electronics industry (Samsung Electronics, IBM, Hewlett-Packard, Nokia Technologies, Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba, Intel, General Electrics, Fujitsu, BOE Technology Group, Koninklijke Philips Electronics) and to a smaller extent other industry types such as imaging (Fujifilm), engineering/consumer products (Robert Bosch), healthcare (3M Innovative Properties) and chemicals (Toray Industries). Patents by the multinational company Samsung Electronics involve image sensors, and their application in electronic devices as well as examples of acoustic sensors, strain sensors, and sensors for biometric inputs. The Japanese multinational conglomerate, Fujifilm, appears to have patents related primarily to image sensors perhaps unsurprising considering their involvement in photography and electronics. 3M Innovative Properties company, an organization that is known to be involved in personal protective equipment and other medical products, in recent years has filed patents pertaining to sterilization sensors, as well as sensors with potential use in wound dressings. Finally, Toray Industries, the Japanese multinational company specializing in chemicals, has filed patents related to gas sensors as well as flexible wearable biomedical sensors that can be utilized in monitoring heart activity in last few years. In terms of non-commercial entities, University of Jinan, a public university located in the Shandong province of China appears to be a standout with twice as many patent applications as the second on the list, Zhejiang University (Figure ). Examples of patents by University of Jinan in recent years include those related to flexible wearable sensors, nanoprobes for cancer detection and imaging and a fluorescent sensor to detect chemicals. The only two noncommercial entities based outside of China are the Korean Universities -Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST) and Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST). Examples of recent patents by KAIST involve gas sensors, a cerium oxide-based sensor that can be used to detect hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and a carbon nanotube (CNT)-based sensor for virus detection. Similarly, patents filed by KIST cover a range of sensors including colorimetric sensors based on gold nanoparticles, wearable sensors utilizing silver nanowire and singlewalled caron nanotube (SWCNT) and nitrogen dioxide gas sensors using SWCNTs decorated with carbon dots, 47 among many others. Comprehensive analysis of substance data associated with nanosensors from our database (CAS Registry and CAS Content Collection) reveals steady increase in the number of individual substances used in nanosensor publications over the last two decades. This increase is more pronounced for journal publications than patent publications with a ~25% increase between 2020 and 2022. For patent publications, growth in associated substances appears to have been much more modest, remaining more or less constant since 2018 (Figure ). This plateau in patent publications is perhaps not surprising as patents might revolve around use of well-established materials in the context of newer applications. Overall, the number of substances associated with journal and patent publications are ~1.1 million and >400,000, respectively. Further breakdown across substance classes shows similar trends across journal and patent publications with substances classified as organic/inorganic small molecules dominating, followed by elements and polymers. Other substance classes that contribute to a smaller extent include coordination compounds, nucleic acid sequences, alloys, and protein/peptide sequences (Figures and).