The Typha was notable in the most effective as it filtered contaminants at a very high rate. This is likely because Typha roots have a larger diameter compared to Pontederia crassipes roots in general, which allows it to uptake contaminants more efficiently. It may also be because the Typha have stronger capillarity action compared to other macrophytes, meaning that the plant cells can pull water and contaminants along with it stronger and faster in the phytoaccumulation process, but more research is needed to verify that conclusion.