UV-visible spectroscopy was used to evaluate the optical absorption characteristics of pristine CdS, Chl-CdS and SO-CdS (Figure ). The SO-CdS nanohybrid has substantial absorption in the visible light spectrum, as seen by the UV-Vis spectra (Fig. ). A red-shift absorption curve is observed when compared to the CdS, demonstrating the enhanced light-capturing capabilities of SO-CdS. It is discovered that the photocatalytic activity is enhanced by the increased concentration of SO in the photocatalytic system. When the SO weight percent was more than 1%, Spinacia oleracea-CdS nano-hybrid had a higher light absorption than CdS before this threshold (500 nm). This increase in light absorption may help boost the photocatalytic activity of Spinacia oleracea-CdS. UV spectra show that the peaks for pristine CdS and Spinacia oleracea-CdS are at 407 nm and 380 nm, respectively. The band gaps that were determined by using the Tauc plot technique were 2.32 eV for Spinacia oleracea-CdS and 2.4 eV for CdS, as seen in Figure -II. The results reported here suggest that the introduction of Spinacia oleracea with CdS enhanced light absorbance while decreasing the bandgap, which might be beneficial for minimizing the rate of recombination of photogenerated electron holes. PL spectra revealed that the peak intensity of Chl-CdS is lower than that of pristine CdS, which is indicative of lower recombination i.e. segregation of photo-excited electrons and holes due to the presence of sensitizer dye (Figure -III). The favorable interaction between CdS and Spinacia oleracea is attributed to the prevention of photo-generated CdS carrier recombination. The addition of CdS to Spinacia oleracea caused a redshift in the PL spectra, indicating the molecular conjugation between CdS and Spinacia oleracea , as shown in the FTIR spectra. SO-CdS displays further decay in peak intensity value, indicating that the presence of biomass plays a role in lowering the recombination of electron-hole pairs. As can be observed in the PL spectra, the PL signal of SO-CdS is lower than that of pristine CdS demonstrating the highest charge separation and lowest recombination rate of photo-induced electron-hole pairs in the presence of SO-CdS nanohybrid.