Control experiments employing sterile culturing media (LB or MRS) provide a reference for sterile conditions. Structural characterisation of the lipid mesophases was performed using small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) (Figure ). For monoolein cubosomes, the Bragg peaks with q-spacing ratio √2:√4:√6 confirm the Im3m cubic structure in both types of sterile media (Figure ). A clear transition in Bragg peaks is observed when exposed to Staphylococcus aureus; the resulting q-spacing ratio √1:√3:√4 is consistent with transition to the inverse hexagonal (H₂) structure. For monoolein hexosomes (Figure ), the liquid crystalline structure remained unchanged after exposure to all bacterial strains except for S. aureus, which induced a clear transformation to inverse micellar cubic (Fd3m) phase (Table ). No significant changes in lattice parameters were observed after cubosomes or hexosomes were exposed to all other representative bacteria (Table ).