Stainless steels are iron-based alloys with superior corrosion resistance compared to carbon steels. By alloying with other elements such as chromium, nickel, molybdenum, titanium, nitrogen, and niobium, various types of stainless steel are manufactured for specific applications. When these elements present in the iron matrix, remarkable corrosion resistance arises. For example, popular stainless steel typically contains Cr ranging from 10.5% to 30%, which forms a self-healing passive film composed of chromium oxides. However, the utilization of stainless steel in infrastructure is limited due to their high cost.