PVDF was added to the carbon black suspension as a binder, to retain the mechanical integrity of the printed structures after solvent evaporation. The as-obtained carbon black -PVDF paste can act as a conductive ink (σ ~ 800 S m -1 , Figure ) for the printing of different energy storage materials. In specific, the addition of PVDF further increases the yield stress to ~400 Pa, as a result of the thickening effect of the polymer (Figure ). The final VS2 ink was formulated by dispersing the hydrothermal microflowers into the carbon black -PVDF paste, achieving a yield stress ~450 Pa and storage modulus ~27 kPa (Figure -d and Figure ). The VS2 ink shows a shear thinning response during flow (Figure -e), which facilitates extrusion through fine printing nozzles. The shear thinning response can be attributed to the progressive disruption of the secondary interaction between carbon black and VS2 particles under shear, resulting in suspended aggregates with smaller hydrodynamic volumes. The reversibility of this process is fundamental to obtain self-standing structures that do not present buckling and lateral spreading on the substrate. In order to study the restructuring kinetic of the ink after shear, three interval thixotropy tests (3ITT) were performed on the final VS2 ink (Figure ).