Our study involves three well-known fluorophores: 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl (NBD) and Nile Red (NR) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and 7-methoxy coumarin-4-acetic acid (7MC) in methanol; see Figure for chromophore structures. These fluorophores are commonly employed as fluorescent probes for labeling biological substrates. The experimental absorption and emission data for NBD and NR were obtained from Tosi et al., whereas spectra for 7MC in methanol were taken from the PhotochemCAD database. The experimental spectra and corresponding transformed line-shapes are shown in Figure . Below, we present simulated spectra for each chromophore, and then we analyze relative computational timings for the E-FC methods. For each chromophore, we consider only the lowlying bright state in our simulated spectra. If two electronic states are nearly degenerate, a dark state can mix with the bright state of interest, and then an approach that accounts for nonadiabatic coupling between excited states is necessary for simulating the spectra. 126,127 A discussion of such state mixing is presented for each chromophore in the SM.