The matter has been defined as any substance with mass and volume. While Materials are terms for objects containing matter or substance. Materials are mainly solid-state substances. Most of the liquid or gas state substrates are precursors for materials. They can be classified based on 1) uses; 2) structure; 3) chemical properties; and 4) physical properties (Figure ). Based on uses; materials can be classified into building materials (e.g. insulation materials for heat insulation), refractory materials for high-temperature applications), nuclear materials, aerospace materials, and biomaterials. The structure of materials can be evaluated using microscopy or spectroscopy. The materials can be categorized based on the structure into microstructure, mesostructured, macrostructure (large-scale structure), and hierarchical structure. A special type of material was defined as a metamaterial for the materials that offer a property that is not found in naturally occurring materials . Materials can be organic or inorganic (Figure ). The solid-state solid can be categorized into crystalline and amorphous materials (Figure ). The materials can be classified based on the dimensional to 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D.