Frequently employed petroleum-based, coal-based and synthetic precursors are inherently costly, unsustainable, and environmentally harmful due to the finite nature of their origin and significant investments required for source extraction processes. Additionally, the refinement of these precursors for battery applications requires further energy intensive processes, such as high-temperature carbonization and purification, which can lead to additional environmental impacts and costs. Biomass-based precursors, while allegedly renewable, can nevertheless be resource-intensive and environmentally damaging if the biomass is not obtained and handled sustainably. For example, the industrial use of lignocellulosic biomass resources might necessitate significant inputs of agricultural land, water, and fertilizers, which can cause soil erosion, water pollution, deforestation, and greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, the majority of typical natural precursors typically require significant energy and resource use during extraction and processing. Overall, the selection of a carbon precursor for battery production must consider not only its suitability and performance for the application, but also its environmental and economic impacts throughout its production and supply chain .