Furthermore, both moduli G' and G'' exhibit near-parallel behavior across a broad range of frequencies. The storage modulus G' defines the elastic properties of the material. It reflects the mechanical energy stored inside the sample during deformation. In contrast, the loss modulus G'' represents the energy dissipated as heat within a shear cycle, thus describing the viscous behavior of the material. For characterizing elastic materials, the loss factor tan is a commonly used parameter. It is defined as the ratio of the loss modulus G'' to the storage modulus G' (Equation ).