Under scope 3 net zero, our group has previously demonstrated that the total supply of carbon in chemical products is limited to the sum of sequestered carbon (CCS), recycled carbon (recyclates and CCU), and carbon in bio-based and DAC-CCU feedstock , and (F), each of which could be limited in supply. For example, for (C), the supply of sustainably sourced bio-based feedstock is considered limited, whereas that of DAC-CCU could be limited owing to its high cost. For (E), the availability of CCS could be limited, especially considering the site development time Furthermore, regarding the sources of carbon, as the LC-NFAX2 pathway indicates, securing bio-based and DAC-CCU feedstocks (C) is key. The fastest way to establish a supply chain that uses these feedstocks in Japan is likely to use imported methanol or ethanol to produce olefins and aromatics, rather than waiting for the development of domestic sources. For methanol, it could be produced through DAC-CCU, where CO2 is converted overseas into methanol using less expensive green hydrogen, or it could be produced from bio-based feedstocks. Ethanol will likely be bioethanol. However, given the rising demand for sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), the supply for the chemical industry could compete with aviation fuel, and may no longer be joint products from petroleum. This constraint adds to the aforementioned supply chain risks. Therefore, securing domestic and dedicated sources for the chemical industry is essential, such as long-term investments by the chemical industry in domestic woody biomass and abandoned farmland. Conversely, the relatively smaller and geographically distributed petrochemical complexes in Japan would be a comparative advantage when compared to the larger and more concentrated complexes abroad. This is because alternative feedstocks, such as bio-based feedstocks and recyclates, are typically generated in a more distributed manner than petroleum and naphtha, which are imported in bulk.