The simplest method involves physically mixing an appropriate volume of nano-objects with a solution of the hydrogel precursor prior to gelation. The latter can take the form of a presynthesized polymer or monomers that will undergo polymerization. Additionally, it is feasible to dissolve polysaccharides (e.g., HA, ALG, CS) or synthetic monomers/polymers (e.g., AAm, Pluronic ® , GelMA) in NP dispersions. The latter are also a suitable medium to rehydrate freeze-dried hydrogel samples. Alternatively, nano-objects can be dispersed within a preformed hydrogel matrix, ,