The cell contained a NMC811 electrode, as described above, and was assembled into a single layered pouch cell against a lithium counter electrode. The laser-cut electrode was ultra-sonically welded to a positive aluminium terminal (MTI corporation) before being heat sealed between the top side of two triple layered aluminium pouch cell material and then dried for 24 hours at 80 o C in a glass drying oven (B-585, BUCHI Ltd) with a ceramic reinforced tri-layered polyolefin separator (Celgard 2325, Celgard, LLC.) membrane and a nickel negative electrode terminal (MTI Corp.). Once dried, the pouch was transferred to an argon filled glove box to have the lithium counter electrode (Goodfellas) placed under the nickel terminal, before sealing two sides of the pouch using a vacuum sealing machine within the glove box. An excess (200 mL) of 1.0 M lithium hexafluorophosphate in ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate with 2% by weight of vinylene carbonate additive (1.0 M LiPF6 in EC:EMC (3:7 v/v) + 2% VC, Soulbrain MI), was added before sealing the last edge of the pouch. The pouch cell was left for 24 hr to allow the electrolyte to wet the electrodes properly, some slight massaging of the cell was required during this time to assist with the electrolyte distribution. See Figure in the SI for pouch cell architecture.