In characterizing the internal structure of CSHNs, the thickness of the lipid shell, the chemical composition of the interfaces, and the lipid shell transition are the most important parameters. X-ray diffraction (also referred to as powder X-ray diffraction in some contexts) is the fundamental analytical technique for compound identification and characterization based on diffraction patterns in crystal structure analysis of active molecules and formulation ingredients. In CSHN systems, this technique provides information on the composition and physical structures of drugs in the form of amorphous or crystalline structures associated with the shape and internal structure of the nanocarrier . Given its advantages, XRD is undoubtedly very informative. However, this technique requires a relatively large amount of product for analysis (e.g., almost gram-scale). This poses a problem when the overall efficiency of nanocarrier production is relatively low.