Components that required re-sizing and mass/energy flows that were impacted by changes in loading included other capital components (pumps, the electrochlorinator, biogas storage, pumps, power systems, etc.), O&M streams linked to loading rates (e.g., consumables such as zeolite, GAC, NaCl, NaOH), and other related sources of costs and impacts (e.g., changes in replacement costs, O&M labor, electricity demand). Capital costs, O&M replacements costs, and respective weights of components were scaled using power functions, while O&M streams, labor, electricity demand, and frontend were scaled linearly (Section S5 of the SI). Increasing the number of users reduced the per capita cost significantly (Figure ) but had limited impact on GHG emissions (Figure ). Doubling the number of users (from the baseline of 100 users) to 200 users reduces the median daily cost by 3.0 cents (from 0.145 USD