Wheat , oats, barley, maize, millet, and grasses , among others, are all hosts for WSMV . Although winter wheat is more commonly affected by the wheat streak mosaic virus, spring wheat is not immune. Stunted growth, decreased yield and test weight, and elevated protein content are all symptoms of wheat streak mosaic virus infection in both spring and winter wheat . Overwintering wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) is transmitted from infected wheat or other grass hosts in the fall by wheat curl mites (WCMs), which spend the winter as eggs, larvae, nymphs, or adults in the crowns and leaf sheaths of emerging wheat . Mites complete the WSMV life cycle in the spring/summer by transmitting it from mature wheat crops to other grass hosts, and then in the fall they transmit it to newly emerging wheat .