The fluorescence spectrum of pyrene shows five characteristic vibronic bands around 360-400 nm. The ratio of the fluorescence intensities of the first and third vibronic bands of pyrene (I1:I3 ratio) increases characteristically with increasing polarity of the probe environment . The CMC was determined as the concentration at which the fitted I1:I3 ratio decreased to 90% of its initial value. Circular dichroism (CD) characterisation. CD spectra were measured in methanol or water solutions (0.1 g/L polymer concentration) with a JASCO J-810 circular dichroism spectrometer (JASCO International Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). The following scanning conditions were used: 200 nm/min scanning rate; 1 nm bandwidth; 0.5 nm data pitch; 1 s response time; and 3 accumulations. Samples were measured in a 1 mm path length quartz cuvette (110-QS, Hellma Analytics).