Irrespective of the desirable reduction in the combustion of fossil fuels, carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) is needed to remove CO2 from both the atmosphere and industrial processes in order for Climate targets to be met and Nations to reach Net Zero . The carbon source for CCS can be either via direct air capture from the atmosphere, from an emission source, or using CO2 separated from an emission source. Direct air capture (DAC) has an issue that the natural concentration in the air is low (412 ppm, 0.04%) and thus any chemical reaction is slow . In contrast, reactions involving combustion emission sources, such as from combustion of fossil fuels, have significantly higher (5-20%) CO2 concentration and thus potentially faster ). It should be noted that even if combustion of fossil fuels were to be completely replaced there are still significant processes that generate CO2 such as biofuel or renewable fuel use, as well as cement, silicon and steel production . Although the use of CO2 separated and concentrated from an emission source further increases the potential rate of the sequestration reactions, there is a significant cost , meaning that any economically viable CCS process should be able to work with either DAC or an emission source directly.