When B ions, with an ionic radius of 0.023 nm, are introduced into the TiO2 lattice, they can cause a distortion due to their size and charge. This incorporation leads to the formation of B─O─Ti bonds and a rearrangement of the atoms within the lattice. Such changes can influence the photocatalytic properties of the material by altering the electronic structure and the active sites available for photocatalytic reactions.