The second explanation is that by using Simubat 4.0 Gen-2, the users are actors of their training. VR and MR allow users to experience action and processes as part of the "learning by doing" theory which is a method of teaching . One of the difficulties in learning battery manufacturing process is the inability to work and experiment in laboratories with dangerous and expensive materials, chemical solutions, and machinery. VR and MR offer learners advantages such as the flexibility to take their time and hands-on learning . This method of learning is a long-term investment and using digital twins is a safe and cost-effective option . The training program for AESC trainees combined theoretical classes, observations and practical classes, as well as the use of VR and MR environments. These immersive environments acted as intermediaries between theory and reallife observation and experimentation, enabling trainees to reach a higher level of understanding than when they enter the real laboratory environment . Constructivist theories of learning emphasize the importance of students playing an active role in their learning, constructing their knowledge rather than listen it passively. This is one of the most important consequences of cognitive science research in education . Simubat 4.0 Gen-2 using VR and MR places trainees as active learners to build their knowledge and be engaged in the learning process . In the MSc. students' course, a collaboration between the student "advisors" and the student using VR quickly got underway, e.g.