Cancer biomarkers provide information about cancer and are therefore essential tools for early malignancy detection. Biomarkers are defined as a characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention . A biomarker is any biomolecule, cellular structure or bioactivity, that can be measured and evaluated objectively as an indicator of pathogenic processes, normal biological processes, or pharmacological responses to a treatment. Various molecular, histologic, radiographic, or physiological entities or features are between the general types of biomarkers. Biomarkers can be classified based on their function, the way they are detected, or the kind of sample in which they are measured. Biomarkers have also been considered to include tools and technologies applied in the prediction, diagnosis, and pharmacological responses to a therapeutic treatment. Cancer biomarkers belong to a variety of biological molecule types such as various proteins including enzymes, hormones and hormone receptors, tumor associated antigens, serum and tissue proteins, etc. , also nucleic acids -DNA, RNAs including messenger RNAs (mRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs) , also exosomes , cellular metabolites, and various organic materials (Figure ). -Protein biomarkers involve the measurement of body protein levels, their modifications, localization, or structural changes Examples include prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for prostate cancer and CA-125 for ovarian cancer. Neural protein deposits such as amyloid beta are often imaged to measure damage in neurodegenerative disorders. Similarly, the phosphorylation state of a protein can be impacted by a kinase inhibition.