is one widely adopted strategy to introduce double bond on the Gel backbone (Figure ). The resulting methacrylated Gel derivative (GelMA) can be chemically crosslinked upon UV/Vis light exposure (e.g., 320-500 nm, 7-30 mV cm -2 ) in presence of a photoinitiator. Typically, the latter is added in a small quantity (0.05-0.8 wt%) with respect to the precursors but it is sufficient to induce gelation within a few min. By combining low viscosity and rapid response to illumination, GelMA is particularly attractive for facile application and fast in situ gelation. It is possible to control and adjust the GelMA mechanical properties by tuning the degree of methacrylation. This versatility in mechanical strength enables its applications in sustained drug delivery and tissue regeneration. The mechanical properties of Gel hydrogels can be enhanced through the incorporation of other natural polymers, such as silk fibroin (SF). The latter, known for its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and lack of immunogenicity, is also employed on its own in hydrogel formulation. SF hydrogels are formed by the self-assembly of protein chains, mainly facilitated by hydrophobic interactions following the conformational change of fibroin from a random coil/helix to a structure rich in beta-sheets. The introduction of nano-objects could facilitate and promote this transition, contributing to the formation of the 3D network. In addition to proteins, the hydrogel matrix is also often composed of polysaccharides, the most common of which are shown in Figure . HA is natural polysaccharide, composed of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine molecules linked via alternating β-(1→4) and β-(1→3) glycosidic bonds. This non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan is particularly abundant in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue, such as cartilage. It is also largely found throughout the body, in the skin as well as the vitreous of the eye or the synovial fluid. HA has excellent biocompatibility and does not generally elicit immune response or inflammatory reactions thus being well suitable for biomedical