The electrochemical measurements were performed in a three-electrode electrochemical cell, in which Pt wire and Ag/AgCl electrode were used as counter and reference electrode, respectively. The working electrode and reference electrode were separated with counter electrode by a glass frit. 1M KOH standard solution (Merck KGaA, pH = 13.6) and polypropylene beakers were adapted in order to make our measurements rigorous. All potentials were reported versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) unless otherwise specified by using the follow equation: E(RHE) = E(Ag/AgCl)+0.197 V+0.0592×13.6 V. The solution was stirred by a magnetic stirring bar in all of the electrochemical measurements. All of the electrochemical results were compensated with solution resistance. The polarization curves were recorded by the linear scan voltammetry (LSV), the scan rate was 2 mV/s and 0.5 mV/s for GC and CC electrode, respectively. To investigate redox peaks, the scan rate was set to 50 mV/s in order to obtain higher signal to background ratio. The activation curves were measured in chronopotential mode with a current density of 2 mA/cm 2 , via the stability test were measured at a current density of 10 mA/cm 2 . Five cyclic voltammetry (CV) scans should be carried out before galvanic static activation in case to oxidize the carbon surface (vide infra). Accelerated degradation studies were performed in continuous CV scans at a scan rate of 50 mV/s for 3000 cycles (electrochemical window: 0.2-0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl). The TOF could be calculated as Eq. S1, where J is the anodic current density at certain overpotential, A is the geometrical surface area of the electrode, F is the Faraday constant (96485 C/mol), and m is the loadings of dimeric active sites (see main text for the details). Faradaic efficiency were determined in a gas-tight H-type electrochemical cell. The cell was filled with 1M KOH solution until the headspace of the compartment containing the working electrode was about 9.2 ml. The oxygen probe was inserted into this headspace. The quantification of oxygen was performed using an Ocean Optics Multifrequency Phase Fluorimeter (MFPF-100) with a FOXY-OR 125 probe. A linear two-point calibration curve was created using air (20.9% O2) and the headspace purged with N2 for more than 1 h (0% O2). A constant oxidation current of 2.5 mA (corresponding to a current density of 10 mA/cm 2 ) was passed for 300 min. It should be mentioned that the final volume increased to 12 mL due to the increased pressure. The Faradaic yield was calculated from Eq. S2, where P is the pressure of atmosphere (1.013×10 5 Pa), V is the volume of the headspace, R is the universal gas constant (8.314 J /(mol K)), T is the environmental temperature (298.15K), w(O2) is the volume concentration of oxygen measured by the oxygen sensor, I is the constant current (2.5 mA), t is the time (s) for the galvanic static electrolysis, and F is the Faraday constant. The volume of the head space was assumed to increase linearly with the concentration of oxygen, that is w(O2)/0.232×(12.0-9.2)+9.2 (23.2% was the final oxygen concentration).