While molecular polarizabilities may be an appealing and simple property to use to assess nucleobase induction, it's important to remember that it is still defined as a second order response to constant electric fields. Real molecules, as emphasised by AMOEBA's use of multipoles and AmberFD's use of density functions, produce fields far from constant in space, and a point charge only representation of frozen molecules does not describe the entire electrostatic picture. From the PDB computations in Figures and, it would appear that models that more accurately represent frozen electrostatics, either through charge penetration or through higher order multipoles, produce stronger polarization energies. Drude-2017 produces a much smaller energetic responses to other nucleobase, with it's polarization energy for H-bonded structures having a median deviation of ∆E pol = 19.3kJ/mol. In contrast, AmberFD and AMOEBA have a median of ∆E pol = 1.9 kJ/mol and ∆E pol = 7.34 kJ/mol, respectively. Both AMOEBA and Drude-2017 clearly have the ability to be polarized by external fields in a fashion aligned with DFT as evident of their molecular polarizabilities.