The ion diffusion results also have direct impact on the electrical conductivity of wood. Typical dried wood used as building materials is a good insulator. However, measured diffusions correlates with electrical conductivity of wood based on the Nernst-Einstein equation . Thus, when an electric field is applied to wood with a moisture content above 10-15% or so, substantial ion diffusion may permit wood to act as a conductor, with conductivity spanning 6 orders of magnitude . Increasing hydrophobicity of wood polymers, such as treatments via low molecular weight phenol-aldehyde resins to exclude water and thus reduce ion movement, would be expected to significantly reduce conductance.