x) have a non-functional relationship with the possible outputs, then the problem will require deduction of some kind. This can happen when the prediction population drifts out-of-distribution Nevertheless, an inductive model can be trained to reliably predict the bandgap of molecules at 0 K in their most stable conformation. Subject to these constraints on the underlying population a functional mapping exists. Thus, the chemical structure is sufficiently informative for one statistical population (i.e., a single thermodynamic state point), but not all.