The emerging field of synthetic biology has now reached a maturity level that enables the perspectives of designing more complex systems, including biocellular and cell free multipurpose metabolic factories, synthetic communities of organisms maximising synergies and synthetic protocells and xenobiological systems . Current applications were still achievable by following a more handcraft and intuitive type of approach, not always following the whole engineering cycle, but rather applying the strategy partially and most importantly not following a quantitative approach. This leads to reduced efficiency, success rates and longer development times, limiting our creative synthetic design. Towards a second synthetic biology phase, mathematical modelling has to be more widely adopted.