For CO2 photoreduction catalytic studies, biohybrid assemblies of POZ-M NRs and CODH enzyme were studied as follows. At first, vials containing organic nanoparticles and methyl viologen were gently mixed by CO2 purging inside the solution for 10 min. Afterwards, cysteine was introduced, and vials were sealed with rubber septa. The resulting mixture was purged with CO2 above the solution to prevent aggregation of nanoparticles for an additional 20 min (final pH 5.7). Finally, CODH was injected to the sealed vials inside the glovebox. The progress of CO production in the presence of biohybrid assemblies is presented in Fig. . The photocatalytic activity of positively charged POZ-M(+) NRs was 54 mmolCO•gNRs -1 (TON = 8224, CO2 reduction rate 1140 µmolCO•gNRs -1 h -1 ), around two orders of magnitude higher than that for negatively charged POZ-M(-) NRs (0.33 μmolCO•gNPs -1 , TON = 50). The close interaction between POZ-M(+)