Biosensors, analytical devices that translate biological responses into a measurable signals, based on nucleic acid detection have the potential for providing high specificity POC detection of microorganisms . They may allow real-time pathogen detection at each step of food production processes and in situ in food plants or in the field during primary production. This review will focus on nucleic acid-based biosensors using electrochemical techniques as a transducer where a biological response is converted into an electrical signal . The key advantages of electrochemical biosensors are their quick response (voltametric measurements can be done in a few seconds), higher sensitivity when compared to colorimetric techniques , and the possibility for use in realtime detection and suitability for miniaturisation . The disadvantages include a limited shelf life and the impact that variable factors, such as temperature, pH, or ionic strength of the sample, have on the signal, which could limit their use in complex food samples. This can be avoided by electrode miniaturisation which increases the signal-to-noise ratio, or by using multiple enzymes to enhance signal per event . This article reviews the advances in nucleic acid-based electrochemical detection of the E. coli and Shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC) for agri-food applications. Firstly, issues related to probe sequence selection for generic E. coli and STEC detection are discussed, followed by a review of nucleic acid-based electrochemical sensors reported for detection of generic E. coli and STEC since 2015. These are grouped into different categories based on the most used electrode materials (gold, ITO and screen printed), magnetic particles, nanomaterials modified electrodes and finally sensors using isothermal amplification method. Finally, future trends in the development of commercial nucleic acid-based biosensors and their potential application to agri-food samples are discussed. The methods of how this review was conducted are summarised in the Supporting information.