Course content and QR video considerations. Our choice of QR video topics was informed by laboratory concepts/techniques that students encounter more than once in the laboratory course series or that students commonly find challenging. Each QR video coincides with at least one specific laboratory experiment: "Drying agent" with "Acid-base extraction," "Reflux" with "Nucleophilic substitution," "Micropipetting" with "Dilution and UV-Vis spectroscopy," and "IR" with "Analysis of unknown pharmaceutical mixture" (Figure ). Additionally, specific topics were explicitly avoided as instructor-prepared videos. These topics are instead the focus of student-prepared video assignments, similar to recent publications in this Journal. Figure . Timeline of QR video availability and locations.