RNT porins are short, less than 20 nm in length, and have a conductance of about 1-2 nS (1 x 10 -9 Ω -1 to 2 x 10 -9 Ω -1 ). This is similar to biological toxins and other artificial channels, such as Staphylococcal α-hemolysin, a toxin protein that causes many human diseases. This suggests that RNT porins can be utilized for single molecule sensors by employing α-cyclodextrin (α-CD, 200 µm) across the lipid bilyer to see how it interacts with the RNT porin and ion transport. A α-CD is a tapered channel with an outer diameter of 1.46 and 1.37 nm, created by linking six glucose units as seen in Figure .