Along with the stated considerations, the manufacturing, handling, and integration of a free-standing ultrathin membrane with low stiffness into microfluidic devices is still challenging. Researchers must keep in mind that for OoC to reach their goal of drug testing devices, it is required to improve the accuracy and consistency of these microfluidic models, while enabling serial production. Indeed, the manufacture of thousands of devices per day will be necessary to meet a possible future demand of pharmaceutical industries. Instead, to date, the manufacturing process of organs-on-chip can be considered as artisanal, where each device is made by hand, at a maximum production throughput of several devices per day. For this to happen novel cost-effective materials and novel fabrication techniques should be adopted .