Quantum advantage, or quantum supremacy, refers to the ability of a quantum computer to outperform a classical computer on a specific computational task. The key idea is that quantum computers can leverage quantum mechanical phenomena, such as superposition and entanglement, to perform computations much more efficiently than classical computers. In the 1980s, Richard Feynman proposed that a quantum computer would be an effective tool to solve challenging problems in physics and chemistry, given that it is exponentially costly to simulate large quantum systems with classical computers. The impact of quantum computers on chemistry and material science alone would be revolutionary, as these fields have historically driven major advancements in human civilisation. The Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age, and Silicon Age are all named after materials, and innovations in these areas are estimated to affect 96% of all manufactured goods.