In "total-VTNA", all experiments are combined and normalised with respect to every reaction species for which an order has been obtained via sequential VTNA. If every reaction species contributing to the rate has been normalised, linearisation occurs so that the observed rate constant can be derived. However, barring some plausible exceptions, total VTNA is not currently used to derive reaction orders. As Auto-VTNA enables the determination of the reaction orders of an unlimited number of reaction species in one single calculation, it can be used to bypass the sequential VTNA approach. This enables researchers to vary more than one initial concentration at the time, increasing the information content per reaction run, and lowering the signal to noise ratio for the total VTNA calculation. This change from sequential to total VTNA is analogous to the improvement offered by design of experiments (DoE) over one-factor-at-the-time (OFAT) approaches for reaction optimisation. Currently, there are few reported kinetic studies with different excess experiments in which more than one initial concentration is varied at a time. Nonetheless, as long as the concentration profiles of every reaction species have been measured or can be inferred from the product profiles, total VTNA can also be applied to ordinary VTNA datasets. This was performed for kinetic data obtained from 17 publications. Two of these publications were omitted as sequential VTNA had revealed that reaction orders change with the initial concentrations of reactants. Kinetic data from the remaining 15 publications was re-analysed by Auto-VTNA sequentially and by automatic total VTNA (Table ).