For the barcode screening, the eight SWCNT surface chemistries ((GT)10, (GA)15, (CT)15, (GT)15, C30, PEG-PL, Aptamer) and a background with PBS were pipetted in a column of a well plate and the stage scanned continuously over the wells with a speed of 2 mm/s. Based on the rectangular-shaped peaks, the mean over the voltages higher than a threshold of 0.5 V or 1 V, depending on the height of the peak, were calculated for each peak.