To exploit the benefits of CPP in the context of drug delivery to cancer cells, Dong et al. investigated the role of synergistic efficacy through the combined delivery of anticancer molecules and genes to overcome drug resistance in cancer . To this end, the researchers developed novel CSHNs modified with PEG -poly ethylenimine-compritol-lecithin conjugated TAT (cell-penetrating peptide) by using the emulsion solvent evaporation technique. Docetaxel was encapsulated in the lipid shell structure of the system, while plasmid DNA was loaded into the polymer core. Anti-cancer activity studies were performed on the PC3 prostate cancer cell line using the MTT assay. The results showed that TAT-modified CSHNs exhibited higher cytotoxicity on prostate cancer cells than the unmodified CSHNs and also than pure docetaxel.