Following this approach, we consider the effect of pH on the formation of Mg-ACC nanoparticles. Mixing CaCl 2 /MgCl 2 and Na 2 CO 3 at increased alkalinity shifts the HCO - 3 /CO 2 - 3 equilibrium towards the carbonate (HCO - 3 --⇀ ↽--H + + CO 2 - 3 ) through the removal of protons, increasing the carbonate concentration. Consecutively, an increase in pH corresponds to following the black arrow on the green line in Figure A towards higher ion concentration. There is thus a minimum pH (for all Mg 2+ concentration)