Having demonstrated the electronic and fluidic properties of these systems, we compared their ability to enrich charged analytes. In these experiments, first, the channel was filled with 0.1 𝜇M BODIPY 2-in 20.0 mM Tris buffer, under constant flow at 100 nL min -1 . This buffer concentration was selected to decrease the risk of gas bubble formation at the electrode while providing sufficient "contrast" in ionic strength along the IDZ boundary to generate a steep electric field gradient. Then, a potential of V + = 7.0 V was applied between both driving electrodes and the Au microband. at a planar electrode, contact between the IDZ and the "ceiling" becomes disrupted. Furthermore, if device channel width and flow rate are doubled (3.0 mm and 200 𝜇L min -1 respectively), the overall enrichment rate (0.10-fold/s) is comparable to the rate observed in narrower (1.48-mm wide) device (0.11-fold/s, Figure ), thus indicating the out-of-plane fICP is scalable.