One of the foremost challenges associated with natural dye extraction is the economic viability of these methods. The cost of raw materials, the complexity of extraction procedures, and the need for specialized equipment often result in higher production costs compared to synthetic dyes. Techniques such as enzymatic extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) require significant investment in specific enzymes, ultrasonic equipment, and microwave devices, respectively . These costs can be prohibitive for large-scale industrial applications, where cost-effectiveness is a critical factor.