With respect to the high charging overpotential, several strategies were proposed. Recently, Byon and coworkers showed that the nanostructuring of one-dimensional and amorphous Li 2 O 2 can get an improve of the round-trip efficiency of the LOB of ∼ 80%. DFT calculations reveal that the structural distortions of the amorphous structure lead to a weaker binding of LiO 2 , a key intermediate in the reaction, yielding smaller overpotentials in the delithiation process. On the other hand, the Li 2 O 2 doping has been reported as another potential strategy to improve the efficiency of the LOB. However, the mechanisms of how the incorporation of heteroatoms in the Li 2 O 2 can affect performance of the battery is still unclear. Experimentally, barium (Ba) was one of the heteroatoms considered, achieving a significant reduction in the charging overpotential. The authors ascribed this effect to an improvement in the charge transport as a consequence of Ba incorporation in Li 2 O 2 . Afterward, Chen and coworkers showed that a LOB with Na-doped Li 2 O 2 as a discharge product also presents a lower charge overpotential as compared to the undoped system, since the Na + as the dopant induces lithium vacancies, which according their DFT calculations, lead to conducting states in Li 2 O 2 . Nevertheless, in view of the above mentioned problems of self-interaction errors, this theoretical interpretation needs to be revised.