In order to immobilize Bdpy1 or Bdpy2, both silicon oxide surfaces (SOS) and substrate anchored micro-fabricated SOµC were first functionalized using a siloxane linker incorporating a terminal azide group capable of reacting with the alkyne group in the propargyloxy moiety of Bdpy1 or Bdpy2 (Figure ) to obtain SOS-Bdpy1, SOS-Bdpy2, SOµC-Bdpy1, and SOµC-Bdpy2.