Figure shows our analysis framework developed to compute the TCO and WtW emissions for battery electric long-haul trucks in the US. This framework incorporates comprehensive calculations of key parameters such as fuel economy, payload penalty factor, and electricity prices, providing more realistic assessments of the cost and emissions associated with BETs. First, we estimate the fuel economy and battery energy capacity over real-world drive cycles using a physics-based vehicle model described in section 2.1. Next, we calculate the payload penalty factor using our fleet-based method introduced in section 2.2, which explicitly considers the payload distribution of long-haul trucks. Fuel economy and payload penalty calculations require input parameters that are specific to chosen battery chemistries. In section 2.3, we discuss various battery chemistries considered for mobility applications and justify our choice of NMC and LFP for this analysis. We then detail the methodology to compute the WtW emissions for BETs in section 2.4, which considers grid intensity and emissions from battery manufacturing. Lastly, we present our costing framework to compute the TCO from capital and operating expenses in section 2.5. Our methodology features a comprehensive analysis of the charging station infrastructure and calculates the electricity price tailored for high-powered overnight charging of long-haul trucks, based on an adapted framework from Muratori et al. .