Membrane technology is the central component in many fields of life science as artificial organs, tissue engineering, medical equipment, and in vitro blood diagnosis. Microfluidics has developed into a promising research direction for miniaturization and improvement of analytical chemistry and bioscience processes. Combining membrane technologies with microfluidics can promote better developments in both fields. This manuscript reviews applications of membrane-based microfluidics in life science, focusing on organs-on-chip and microfluidic artificial organs.