• Microscopic 3D Interaction Generation. Predicting interactions between microscopic structures, such as molecular docking (the binding of a small molecule ligand to a protein), is also crucial. Traditional methods typically use search-based algorithms, while deep learning approaches often treat the interaction as a regression problem. Recently, diffusion models have been applied to address this challenge by mapping the 3D interactions to a space of the degrees of freedom (including translational, rotational, and torsional) . These models then develop an efficient diffusion process within this constrained space.