A major challenge is to design "self-evolving" systems and materials. In biology, the growth and evolution of materials involves constant turnover of building blocks, while they interact with the environment. Thus, adaptation (changes in composition, and function) takes place during the lifetime of the material itself. This contrasts with synthetic materials that are typically fabricated according to predesigned parameters and then put in place. Addressing this challenge and creating synthetic systems with life-like behaviors would be game-changing, enabling materials to possess features such as memory, adaptation, self-replication, and continuous evolution in response to their environment.