enzymatic digestion , electrochemical saponification , plasma , laser ablation or even kitchen microwave oven . Some of these approaches would be difficult to execute within a complex-shaped object. on the physical properties of both electrodes. A lower contact angle value demonstrates better wettability, which should benefit applications requiring interaction with liquids. Good pore wetting contributes to an ESA increase. This effect is primarily connected to PLA removal from the surface and macropores formation, introducing capillary effects and a thoroughly wetted Wenzel model state .