Out of the 46 novel drugs that have gained US FDA approval in 2023 alone, over 15% are associated with cancer immunotherapy including the monoclonal antibodies (Loqtorz/toripalimab-tpzi and Zynyz/retifanlimab-dlwr ) against the immune checkpoint molecule programmed cell death 1 receptor (PD-1), and bispecific T-cell engagers directed towards CD20 (Columvi/glofitamab 20 ) and B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) (Elrexfio/elranatamab-bcmm 21 ). The therapeutic and commercial success of ICIs and ADCs and the continued regulatory approvals of new cancer immunotherapeutic drugs has translated to impetus for pharmaceutical companies to continue investing in this field with a sustained interest in developing newer/novel immunotherapeutic drugs. This is exemplified by the nearly $16 billion in investments for cancer immunotherapy in ).