The four main cost drivers of adsorption-based technologies using a temperature vacuum swing process (Technology 2C) are: (i) high capital costs for the air contactor, the blowers and fans, and the switching valves; (ii) high fixed operational cost; and (iii) high variable operational cost, for the 'heat pump' configuration. The primary energy driver for adsorptionbased systems is the energy required for sorbent regeneration. The crux here is that in current adsorption systems like Technology 2C, most energy is not needed to break the bond between the sorbent surface and CO 2 , but for heating packing material and desorbing co-adsorbed water. This issue could be addressed by pursuing one of three different solution approaches: