A capacity fade model will also be critical when considering process improvements. For example, the working capacity of a sorbent can often be increased by increasing the desorption temperature. However, this may also lead to an increased degradation rate due to the higher temperature during desorption. These results indicate that the increase in productivity could be counteracted by the decrease in CO2 captured over the sorbent's lifetime. A cost metric with an integrated carbon footprint (Fig. , right panel) can be used to optimize the performance and cost of DAC systems while also minimizing their environmental impact.