Additionally, these inhibitors showed antibacterial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.5 μg/mL for S. aureus and 8 μg/mL for M. catarrhalis . Inhibitors containing the pyridone structural moiety (4) demonstrated an IC50 of 0.08 μM, along with MIC values of 0.049 μg/mL for S. aureus and MRSA. Furthermore, this inhibitor exhibited a favorable pharmacokinetic profile, supporting their potential for oral administration .