Electrochemical studies were conducted using a BioLogic VSP potentiostat operated with ECLab software, employing a three-electrode cell configuration. The setup included a platinum counter electrode, a Ag/AgNO₃ (0.01 M in CH₃CN) reference electrode, and a glassy carbon (GC) disk electrode (Bioanalytical Systems Inc., model MF-2012, geometric area: 0.07 cm²) as the working electrode.