The reaction was continued overnight at room temperature. The surface was rinsed with a solvent with the same proportion of the reaction solvent (DMF (8)/H2O (2)) to remove unreacted Bdpy1 or Bdpy2, CuSO4, and sodium ascorbate from the surface. Then, the surface washed with DCM to remove the unreacted Bdpy1 and Bdpy2 completely from the surface and dried using nitrogen.