The role of ORR in energy technology is both pivotal and multifaceted. In PEMFCs, the cathodic ORR is the rate-determining step that directly influences the overall power density and energy efficiency of the system . Likewise, in metal-air batteries, the ORR governs the discharge mechanism, significantly impacting the energy density, cycle life, and coulombic efficiency. Developing high-performance catalysts for ORR is critical to addressing the escalating global demand for clean, sustainable, and cost-effective energy solutions, especially in the context of accelerating the transition to renewable energy and decarbonized energy systems.