Afterwards, the model is demystified for two cases, including the case without chemisorption and the case with distributed chemisorption. For the first case, emphasis is put on understanding how chemical metal-water interactions change the pzc, and together with electrostatic polarization of water orientation, shape the 𝐶 dl profile. For the second case, emphasis is put on the interplay between firstlayer water molecules and partially charged chemisorbates. The model is then subject to comparison with experimental data of Ojha et al. Thereafter, discussion on assumptions, implications and possible extensions of the model is presented before the conclusion section.