Not only did the authors provide information about the available results for five members of the TLRs family -TLR2, 3, 4, 7, and 8, but also they described the available information about the databases, protocols and techniques used in virtual screening. In their review, Billod et al. focused on TLR4 exclusively and summarised the following aspects: a perspective of the TLR4/MD2/ligand recognition and dimerisation, mutant studies, binding mode modulators analysis and VS strategies for various types of modulators. In 2020 Wang et al. published an article aimed at the progress in developing TLR signalling pathway modulators . They mainly focused on the results provided by Yin and Wang laboratories and discussed the identification and characterisation of new chemical entities, their modes of action, and further applications. For works that used computational methods, they provided such information in the paper. Based on the results summarised in those reviews, it is clear that almost all the studies focused on finding small-molecule modulators for the LRR domain of the TLRs. As rightly noted by Wang et al. , TM domains are usually considered 'undruggable' and TIR domains among TLRs are highly conserved, which is why most modulators are designed to target the LRR domain of TLRs. Below, we summarised substantial studies that have been published in recent years in which computational methods have been employed. First, we gathered the recent works which focused primarily on designing modulators for TLRs. In particular, we focused on two types of modulators: small-molecule and vaccine components. While small-molecule compounds have been extensively studied, vaccine components have not been reviewed in detail. Second, we reviewed studies principally focused on the investigation of the dynamic nature of TLRs, which is crucial for understanding their function and mechanism of action.