In cooperative game theory, a game is defined as a coalition function v(S) assigning a value, the payoff or worth, to a coalition of players S = {1, 2, . . . }. There are 2 N possible coalitions S for the set of all players N , which is also called the grand coalition. Solution concepts for cooperative game theory assign a contribution to individual players or groups of players. One of the best known solution concept of cooperative game theory is the Shapley value which for a given player i ∈ N is defined as: