Recent research by Bo et al. has focused on enhancing sodium ion conductivity in Na 3 PS 4 and Na 3 PSe 4 by conducting combined experimental and ab initio MD studies . They found nearly identical energy barriers for Na + diffusion in both Se and S substituted systems. Their study proposed that introducing a 2.1% Na ion vacancy could reduce the activation energy to 0.11 eV, resulting in a nearly two-fold increase in conductivity to approximately 28.9 × 10 -3 S cm -1 at RT. Additionally, Zhu et al.