The geography and history of Luxembourg have distinct implications on its environment and water quality: it borders Belgium, France, and Germany, and its rivers feed into the Rhine basin. Luxembourg has vineyards lining the Moselle River, agricultural activity in the north of the country, and a population largely centered in the capital, which together brings in a significant and varied chemical load into the environment. Previous studies have reported the presence of analgesics, antimicrobials, and estrogens in Luxembourgish surface water. Aside from providing data on the level of xenobiotics in Luxembourgish waters, these studies have also demonstrated that the presence of these chemicals are due to inputs from land use, accidental spillage, wastewater effluent, and long range transport. Other studies have reported the measurement of 14 pesticides and their transformation products (TPs) both in surface water and drinking water. The Luxembourg Water Management Agency (Administration de la Gestion de l'Eau, hereafter AGE), in compliance with the European Union Water Framework Directive (WFD), monitors different organic contaminants in Luxembourgish surface water. Among the 92 compounds included in the targeted analysis performed by AGE, five are pharmaceuticals: carbamazepine, diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and lidocaine, while the rest the targeted organic contaminants are pesticides and related compounds.