These microspheres target the inflammatory cascade, a key driver of IVDD progression, offering a potential breakthrough compared to current treatments that primarily focus on pain management. The developed microspheres have shown potential to effectively entrap inflammatory factors and promote biomechanical properties along with the regeneration of nucleus pulposus, the disc's jelly like center. However, these microspheres are more likely focused on short term effects and still need to be tested on animal models for in vitro studies . Injectable polymers have also been used in dentistry as bioadhesive sealants. He et al. prepared injectable biocompatible sealants for post-extraction bleeding and alveolar bone regeneration in dental surgery. They used tetra poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel, composed of tetra-armed PEG succinimidyl succinate and tetra-armed PEG amine, which easily crosslinked on injection and form in situ hydrogel. In their studies, they made comparisons with gelatin sponge, usually used for wound extraction, which in contrast showed poor performance in hemostasis, wound healing, and bone regeneration. On the other hand, tetra-PEG hydrogel had shown efficient results in hemorrhage control, good biocompatibility, better adhesion, rapid gelation, good mechanical strength, and appropriate degradation rate. The in vivo study on the rat tooth extraction model also proved that this material is even suitable for patients having anticoagulant drugs 96 .