Intensive spectroscopic evidence has shown that when subjected to a perturbation such as mechanical compression , thermal loading , electrification , solvation charge injection , and molecular undercoordination , or their combinations, the vibration frequency (ωL) of the O:H nonbond shifts in the range of 75-250 cm -1 while the ωH of the H-O polar-covalent bond shifts cooperatively, disparately, and oppositely in the range of 3600-3200 cm -1 . If a perturbation stiffens the ωH, the ωL will become softer, and vice versa. It is the O:H-O segmental phonon cooperative relaxation under heating and compression that has inspired the initiation of introducing the O:⇔:O repulsive coupling interaction . The polarizability and cooperativity of the O:H-O segmental length and energy and the ∠O:H-O angle dictate water's properties, and therefore, the three-body coupling O:H-O bond should be the primary unit for structure change and energetic exchange of water.