Recent median concentrations of TFA in precipitation were measured at 0.29 µg/L in the USA , 0.21 µg/L in Germany and 0.70 µg/L in Fuxin, China . The median drinking water concentrations reported in the recent peer-reviewed literature vary from 0.08 µg/L in the USA (Indiana) to 1.5 µg/L in Germany 2 , and 0.23 µg/L in samples from 19 different countries other than Germany . This has relevance in conversations related to TFA being included within regulatory definitions of "total PFAS". These median concentrations are either similar to or higher than the proposed limits of total PFAS in drinking water in the EU draft recast Drinking Water Directive , which places a threshold of 0.5 µg/L for total PFAS. A recent report measuring TFA in European surface water and groundwater recorded an exceedance of the 0.5 µg/L threshold in 79% of the samples, with more than 98% of the detected mass of total PFAS being TFA . A Swiss study reported detecting TFA in 560 out of 564 drinking water samples in 2023, with 69% of the concentrations above 0.5 µg/L, among which were 2 samples with TFA concentrations above 9 µg/L and 75 between 1 and 9 µg/L .