Decline of bodily functions upon aging is a major risk factor for crucial human pathologies. Moreover, because advanced age is the common inherent cause, such chronic disorders frequently take place concurrently as comorbidities in the elderly population. Among these major pathologies are cancer and cardiovascular disorders. Age-associated diseases impacting the musculoskeletal system are common as well, particularly osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Metabolic disorders such as diabetes and hepatic steatosis are also common with age. Organ and tissue fibrosis, a pathological progression typified by excessive fibrous connective tissue production 291 , also raises upon aging and is one of the main causes for age-related deterioration of human organs. Overall weakening of the immune system increases susceptibility to infectious diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases, and sensorial malfunctions such as auditory and macular degeneration all increase considerably upon aging. • Cardiovascular disease is the most frequent cause of death in older adults. This disease class mainly includes coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, and arrhythmia. Vascular stiffing and remodeling are known to take place throughout normal aging. • Atherosclerosis progresses as cholesterol, fat, and other substances in blood form plaques, which cause narrowing of the arteries. This decreases the supply of oxygen-enriched blood to tissues and organs in the body. Atherosclerosis triggers inflammation and further vascular changes thus enhancing risk for cardiac and cerebrovascular disorders, peripheral vascular disease, cognitive impairment, and other cardiovascular damage. • Cerebrovascular disease (stroke) is another common age-related disease. Stroke happens when blood stops flowing in an area of the brain as a consequence of a disruption of a blood vessel. It is a very critical condition because brain cells deprived of oxygen die quickly, so it can cause death or serious disability. • Hypertension, the most common chronic disease of older adults, is the major promoter of atherosclerosis=. 299 However, the worth of intensive pharmacotherapy for hypertension in people over age of 75 remains controversial. Current belief is that aggressive treatment needs to be offered and continued as long as it is well-tolerated. • Cancer is the second leading cause of death in older adults, most commonly lung, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers. 300 Slow-growing tumors are common in this age group. Response to cancer treatment is better related to the physiological status rather than the age.