to study the effect of particle volume fraction 𝜙, defined as the ratio of the total volume occupied by NPs to the volume of the simulation box. Compared to 2D sheets formed by such NPs at a low 𝜙 = 0.03 (Fig. ), NPs interacting with each other through the same three-body potential assembled into a gel-like phase in simulations at much higher 𝜙 = 0.22 (Fig. ). Although NPs sought to condense due to two-body attraction, the three-body repulsion prevented them from forming a large globular aggregate. Interestingly, their local structure has partial 3D and 2D features (see Fig. ), as confirmed by the bond orientational order parameter of NPs in this phase (Fig. , yellow points), which spread over a region that partially overlaps with those of the 3D aggregate and 2D sheet phases determined earlier (Fig. , yellow and red points). We also performed simulations at the same 𝜙 = 0.22 but using the many-body potential (for NPs with Γ = = 0.3 chains/𝜎 ! and 𝜀 ?@ = 30𝜀) that led to the formation of 1D strings (Fig. ). As shown in Fig. , these NPs assembled into another gel phase, which at first glance looks like the gel phase described above. However, a closer inspection of its local structure reveals a dense network of short NP strings (Fig. ) different from the gel phase described earlier. Again, this was confirmed by bond orientational order parameter calculations (Fig. , blue points), which spread over a region of intermediate 𝑞 E and 𝑞 F that overlaps with that of the string network (Fig. and E, green points), indicating a string-like local structure.