We evaluated the distributions of E f and E g values across three datasets, i.e., MP, OQMD, and CMR, as shown in Figure . Both MP and OQMD datasets display similar E f distributions, ranging from -3.9 to 3.2 eV, with the majority falling between -2.4 and -0.3 eV, whereas the E f values in the CMR dataset range from -0.7 to 5.2 eV, with most values falling between 0.9 and 1.9