Understanding the nature of the feedstock material is essential to efficiently manufacturing coals and substances from biomass. Hemicellulose , lignin , cellulose extractives/volatiles, and ash are the five basic components that characterize biomass, whether it is herbaceous or lignocellulosic. Nonstructural biological compound and proteins are samples of water-solvable chemicals, while chlorophyll and waxes are examples of ethanol-soluble materials. Ash, which yields up the inorganic content of biomass, can be naturally present or anthropogenically introduced. Anthropogenic ash is largely silica (dirt) gathered during harvest, whereas intrinsic ash contains stuff such as calcium and potassium ions . Mustard seed cake is the low-cost, enironmental friendly biomass and is created when the oil from the mustard seeds is extracted . Mustard cake is a typical fertilizer for the growth of vegetables and flowering plants. The cake, which was in the form of flakes, was powdered using a pestle and mortar. Particle sizes for the feed materials used in the experiment ranged from roughly 1-2 mm. After being dried, the de-oiled seed cake was used in a pyrolysis reactor .