Since their widespread use in the 1970s, catalytic converters-crucial parts of vehicle exhaust systems-have had a substantial impact on both public health and environmental sustainability. These devices were introduced in response to growing concerns about air pollution, especially in urban areas, and they have been instrumental in lowering the harmful emissions that internal combustion engines produce. Catalytic converters have improved air quality, reduced health risks associated with vehicle emissions, and facilitated worldwide compliance with strict emission standards by catalyzing the conversion of pollutants like carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and unburned hydrocarbons into less harmful substances.