An obvious question is what temperatures are required to drive this process. As discussed in the Supporting Information (SI), it is straightforward to estimate the average TNP during the short periods when the CO2 laser was on, because we have spectra measured during periods with and without CO2 laser heating. The TNP values estimated for the periods when the trap was being irradiated by the CO2 laser at 2%, 3%, and 4% duty factor, are 1590 K, 1635 K, and 1850 K, respectively (Fig. ). Note, however, that because the CO2 laser is modulated at 20 kHz, TNP under CO2 laser heating would also have fluctuated at 20 kHz. The magnitude of the fluctuations depends primarily on the NP radiative cooling rate, and as discussed in the SI, we estimate that for a typical size NP, the fluctuations in TNP should be on the order of ±5% of the average TNP value.