• Catalyst Handling and Recovery: The efficient recovery and reuse of catalysts are crucial for scaling up CO₂-based polymerization processes. In laboratory settings, catalyst recovery is relatively easy, but in industrial-scale operations, the separation and purification of catalysts can become costly and complicated. Moreover, ensuring that catalysts maintain their activity over long periods in large-scale processes remains a significant challenge. The cost of catalyst recovery and recycling can add to the overall production costs, making CO₂-based polymers less economically competitive .