Where, 𝛥𝑇 = 𝑇 * -𝑇 * is the MSZW and ∆Cmax is the supersaturation (or the driving force required for crystallization) achieved at 𝑇 , where primary nucleation is most likely to occur. The relationship between the solubility concentration c * and the parameters that includes T * , 𝑇 * , 𝑇 , and MSZW are given in Figure . Substituting equation (5)