This method has limitations that optimization results may be biased due to their reliance on assigned weight factors, which are often determined based on expert knowledge or subjective preferences . This introduces subjectivity into the optimization process, and the choice of weights may not always reflect the real-world conditions or the relative importance of the objectives. Also, the sensitivity to weighting factors makes it difficult to generalize results or apply them across different scenarios, especially in dynamic CFRP machining environments.