While thermo-responsiveness at body temperature is commonly used to have a free-flowing material that undergoes gelation in situ, sensitivity of hybrid hydrogel to physical stimuli has also the potential to trigger therapeutic effects in a spatio-temporal manner. For instance, upon NIR irradiation, the peritumoral administration of indocyanine green (ICG)-loaded PLGA NPs /PCL-b-PEG-b-PCL hydrogel, ensured the generation of a ROS cascade proximal to the injection site, thereby locally increasing the therapeutic activity and mitigating the systemic toxicity. Moreover, when arginine was loaded into the same NPs, its ROS-triggered oxidation led to the production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Overall this