Such atomic-level ML analysis underlines that understanding the atomic dynamics present in these NPs is key to understand their properties in experimentally-relevant conditions. While these experimental snapshots of the NP structures provide initial important evidence, they are spaced by time intervals of 0.6 s (Figure ). This is a substantial time gap, especially considering that atomic dynamics typically unfold on much faster timescales, such as pico-and nano-seconds. This temporal mismatch makes it impossible to reconstruct the atomic dynamics directly from such ADF-STEM reconstructed snapshots, as, e.g., it is not possible to attribute an identity to the individual atoms nor to monitor their movements from one snapshot to the subsequent one.