The construction of the CAPode system was optimized in detail based on the mass ratio between WE/CE (Figure ), electrolyte type and concentration (Figure ), and the appropriate substrate. The optimized system exhibits excellent switching performance from low current to high current at all tested scan rates, with a consistent switching point around -0.5 V. The significant negative voltage shift at -0.5 V under open-circuit polarization highlights the device's ability to minimize current at 0 V (Figure ). CV curves of the WE and CE at scan rates of 2.24 and 1.82 mV s⁻¹, calculated from GCD profile, (f) the I-t profile of the system for 300 s using the CA technique with a -1, 0, and 1 V sequence, (g) the I-t profile of the system under ±1 V, for 3 s each, without a rest step for 20,000 cycles, (h) the I-t profile of the system with a 3 s pulse period under ±1 V with a rest step for 160,000 cycles, and (j) calculated RI and rectification retention over 20,000 cycles for the system with a rest step of 3 s.