Since the electronic conductivity is usually much higher than the ionic conductivity in typical electrochemical reactors , the effect of τ should be considered next to the parameter δ to model more realistic conditions of practical electrochemical systems. The parameter δ represents the relative importance of ohmic losses in the system, meaning that a higher value of δ determines the preference of the phase with less ohmic resistance close to the membrane. As a result, for higher τ values, namely 0.1 and 0.5 in the current study representing systems where the ionic conductivity is not limiting, the flow channel emerges close to the membrane. Meanwhile, in cases where the ionic conductivity is limiting, the channel emerges in the middle of the electrode. This behavior can be seen in Fig. for different τ values. The δ parameter can also be seen as the factor that controls the kinetics losses. The used values of 1.0 and 25.0 show the considered importance of the ohmic over the kinetics resistance in this study, representing a kinetically-facile system in which the kinetics are not limiting. In such a system, by increasing the value of τ , the optimizer does not add more liquid phase but rather forms the preferred pathway for the fluid flow, in which the electrolyte phase is dominant, next to the membrane.