The 3,3-dimethylglutaric anhydride 16 was formed -although it could only be isolated in 52% yield from column chromatography. This conversion presumably involves protonation of a carbonyl group to initiate the dehydration. Ring opening of maleic anhydride 17 was also achieved with an alcohol nucleophile (eq 7). Using the ABS(CF)-SO3H printed catalyst (with its greater solvent tolerance compared to the ABS-SO3H catalyst), maleic anhydride 17 was dissolved in ethanol and flowed through the preheated catalyst. The ABS(CF)-SO3H printed catalyst was heated to approximately 50 °C using heating tape wrapped around the catalyst.