Motivated by the analysis presented above, we tested a protocol where refinement runs were started from an initial model as well as additional alternative models. The results for the test sets considered here are shown in Table , Figure and S7. For comparison, we also report results based on our previous refinement protocols that were used during CASP12 and CASP13. (see Methods) We found refinement to be improved when using multiple initial model regardless of the protocol for ensemble selection. This approach was applied during CASP14 with the additional initial models subjected to the same computational sampling as the original model, i.e. less than 1 GPU day on an RTX-2080Ti card for most targets (Figure ). Therefore, refinement with additional initial models is higher, proportional to the number of additional models, but since all of the runs are independent, efficient parallelization is possible.