The latest developments include new apparatuses including multiplexed arrays using microelectronics , glucose level monitoring in diabetic individuals , and biomarkers detection in interstitial fluid and more . Multiplexed microneedle arrays are engineered to collect multiple biomarkers simultaneously, reducing the number of samples required, while improving diagnostic accuracy making them useful for point-of-care testing. These technological developments have the potential to revolutionize healthcare by allowing for minimally invasive and rapid monitoring of biomarkers in whole capillary blood, leading to earlier disease detection and personalized treatment. Notably, most of the previously mentioned paradigms are microelectronic-based platforms, and can measure changes in the electrical properties of the sensing surface upon biomolecules binding. The major advantage of electronic biosensors is their high sensitivity, rapid response, and good linearity, theoretically allowing for excellent protein detection . However, several disadvantages plague electronic biosensors, making them inadequate for universal applications. Namely, they can be susceptible to signal drift and interference, which can result in inaccurate readings and require frequent calibration. Additionally, electronic biosensors may require complex fabrication and processing, leading to high costs and limited scalability for mass production .