Bacteria and algae have rapidly become popular natural biosystems of choice for CO2sequestrations studies due to their extremely versatile metabolic capabilities, shorter lifecycles, natural abundance, simpler growth requirements, bioremediation potential and recent advances in genetic manipulation capabilities (Figure ). Analysis of a subset of our curated publication dataset comprising 1343 journal articles and 103 patents published between 2017-2021 indicated that it is becoming increasingly attractive to utilize bacteria (mostly cyanobacteria) and algae as cellular factories to sequester CO2 because they can deliver a sustainable and renewable platform to produce biofuels and high-value products, wastewater and flue-gas remediation, and biomitigation of unwanted nutrients. In one study, the authors report the use of a novel metagenomic approach to analyze the microbial communities in a cold subsurface high-CO2 aquifer2 fixation. Metabolic analyses at the organism level provided insights into the biochemical cycles that support subsurface life under the extreme condition of CO2 saturation, which predominantly involved the use of CBB and Wood-Ljungdahl pathways in tandem. Agricultural and forestry-related activities contribute significantly to global CO2 emissions; however, plants have longer life cycles and are not easily amenable to genetic modification. As a result, CO2 sequestration studies using plants have not focused on the production of bioproducts using CO2 fixation in plants. Instead, CO2 sequestration studies utilizing plants have focused on using plant biomass in natural biosystems, especially from energy crops, as sustainable and renewable feedstocks for fermentation or for biochar production. The overall publication trends for biological CO2 sequestration research indicate a growing interest in using both natural and engineered biosystems and enzymes as modules to capture CO2 in innovative ways and convert it into useful bioproducts, while reducing our dependence on fossil fuel usage. It is notable that the last few years has seen a number of these applications also integrate flue gas and bioremediation into CO2-sequestration strategies.