Despite the established interest in osteoimmunology, few bone models include immune cells. Most bone models that investigate the role of immune cells do so in the context of bone injury and repair . Of particular interest is the model by . Hypothesis testing of candidate models determines the interaction of monocytes, macrophages, injury factors, and inflammatory factors in bone cell dynamics. The model is supported by biological data, with the parameters calibrated with one set of experimental data and validated with another. These methods show how researchers can elucidate the mechanisms of complex bone-immune dynamics using mathematical models. Bone injury and repair models describe the acute healing process of fractures, which has different signaling pathways than the continuous bone renewal or remodeling process for homeostasis and skeletal integrity over a lifetime. Therefore, bone healing models cannot be directly applied to the bone remodeling processes.