• Immune checkpoint-based therapies appear to co-occur the most with lung cancer followed by comparable co-occurrences with liver, breast, colon, and kidney cancer and to the least extent with head & neck cancer. Both PD-1 and PD-L1 co-occur twice as many times with lung cancer as compared to breast cancer, the second most co-occurring type of cancer (Fig. ). This high co-occurrence can be attributed to the discovery of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors as effective treatment for NSCLC. CTLA-4 shows a slightly higher degree of overlap with lung cancer as compared to other solid tumors. Other inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules such as IDO, B7-H3, LAG3, A2AR, TIGIT, BTLA, VISTA and TDO appear to have similar co-occurrences with the identified emerging solid cancer types.