For the simulation, the excitation and emission peaks of a model fluorophore (Table & S3) were spectrally shifted from 200 nm to 1700 nm (for details see SI section 1 & Figure ). We compared a SWCNT-like fluorophore with ICG-and FITC-like fluorophores as standards for the Vis and NIR range, assuming that the excitation and emission wavelengths of these fluorophores can be shifted arbitrarily. Our simulation shows a maximum SNR of 56.7 dB at 949 nm for the Si photodiode and an SNR of 31.9 dB at 1641 nm for the InGaAs photodiode (Figure ). The difference of 25 dB in the SNR is primarily attributed to the higher static background signals, which include detector noise and black body radiation (Figure ). In the spectral range below 800 nm, autofluorescence, absorption, and scattering (Figure ) have a more pronounced impact, resulting in a strong decrease of 7 dB from the maximum SNR as wavelengths approach 600 nm. To validate the assumptions regarding the autofluorescence of blood, we measured a 2D excitation/emission spectrum of human blood serum, which is relevant for the later levodopa sensing experiments in serum. This measurement revealed a broad peak at an emission wavelength of 350 nm (Figure ). Towards the NIR range, the autofluorescence strongly decreases to levels on the order of 10 -5 . Although the emission in the 500 nm range is stronger than the peak at 350 nm in our simulation, the overall trend, especially toward the NIR range, remained consistent (Figure ). Another notable feature observed around 1450 nm corresponds to the absorption of water (depth = 1 mm), which reduces the SNR at the InGaAs detector by more than 4 dB.