In order to enhance our understanding of the trends in the parameters extracted by each algorithm, we classified each parameter into one of four groups (Fig. ). Group 1 encompasses parameters that determine refractive index based on the Lorentz-Lorenz equation, specifically, polarizability (𝛼) and volume (𝑉). Group 2 consists of physical properties that are relatively familiar to chemists, such as boiling points, HOMO, and LUMO energies. Group 3 refers to typical molecular descriptors, such as molecular weight and MaxAbsPartialCharge. Group 4 contains geometric descriptors, like counts of specific functional groups.