A stand-alone LCA was performed using the yeast driven-exfoliation process experimental data to identify the potential environmental hotspots by extrapolating the laboratory-scale data to a hypothetical commercial scale (system boundary and other details have been provided in the supplementary section). The outcomes significantly depend upon scale, production routes and energy mix. Environmental profiles for end point characterization of the graphene production are shown in Fig. (g). Overall, de-ionized water (36.11%), electricity production (35.41%) and glucose production (26.57%) were identified as environmental hot-spots in the bio-exfoliation process. The electricity production is identified as the major contributing emission towards human health while de-ionized water production contributed to both climate change and resource depletion. Overall, the bio-exfoliation production route is established as the green process compared to other approaches involving coal tar, rice husk, plastic waste and paper waste. Thus, the shift towards using renewable-based energy sources provides a promising route towards the reduced ecological impacts in the current geographical context.