In 1920s, the concept of chemical doping of heteroatoms into a carbon matrix was proposed. In 1960s, Boehm et al. conducted the groundbreaking research on the surface functionalities of carbons . Henceforth, chemical doping is considered as an effective approach to simultaneously recondition the fundamental properties (electronic, chemical and magnetic) and tailor the electrochemical properties of carbon-materials, and is usually classified into two types namely surface transfer doping and substitutional doping . The first type involves the adsorption of foreign species onto the lattice surface without causing sp 3 defects, whereas the later one engages the disruption of the sp 2 network by the incorporation of foreign species, which effectuate sp 3 defect regions through covalent bonding with host material. The substitutional doping of heteroatoms like boron (B), nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), sulfur (S), fluorine , chlorine (Cl), silicon (Si), bromine (Br) and iodine (I) and their concoction/amalgamation into the carbon material undoubtedly causes structural and electronic modifications, which is rapidly procuring momentum in the arena of advanced energy materials and catalysis . The alterations in the properties of electrode materials and performance are influenced by various factors such as the type of dopant (either electron acceptor or electron donor), concentration of dopant and precise doping configurations. Based on the nature and bonding configuration of the dopants, properties of the host material such as thermal stability, charge carrier mobility, band gap, Fermi level, electronic state, spin density, optical and magnetic properties are altered, and enhanced which is advantageous for technological applications. In addition to the above factors, it is crucial to choose suitable dopant(s) with optimized quantity and specific configuration to eradicate undesirable effects such as breakdown of electrolyte resulting in low electrical conductivity, electrochemical stability, and charge storage capacity. Moreover, the surface-modified functional groups, and their electrochemical performances strongly depends on the nature of the electrolyte used, which makes the proper choice of electrolyte as the critical consideration. Thus, suitable combination of dopants, carbon-based materials, and electrolytes are vital to develop the complete package of supercapacitors.