demonstrates than when the CV is swept up to 3.0 V, 2CPTZ undergoes five oxidation events, while only two events occur up to 1.5 V. Two first oxidation peaks (Ep1 and Ep2) occur at 0.376 and 0.758 V vs Fc/Fc + , respectively. These peaks correspond to the redox species: two couple of peaks (Ep1/Ep1.1 and Ep2/Ep2.1) at a positive potential direction swept during the forward scan (anodic scan) and returning scan (cathodic scan) during the negative potential direction swept that typically indicates reversible redox processes. To confirm the reversible redox process, the CV of 2CPTZ was scanned multiple times up to 2.0 V (Figure ). This showed that the cyclic voltammogram overlapped in all four sweeps at Ep1/Ep1.1 (0.376 V/0.211 V) and Ep2/Ep2.1 (0.758 V/0.534 V) indicating a fully reversible process. A scan up to 3.0 V showed three additional irreversible peaks (Ep3 1,.676, Ep4 2.027, and Ep5 2.453 V). Figure ) shows Ep2 shifted positively from 0.758 to 0.988 to 1.176 V during the first, second, and third sweeps, respectively. Additionally, there are only two oxidation events for the two successive scans, which means the electrochemical processes occurring at the electrode surface may involve complex redox reactions, new chemical species, intermediates, or side reactions that influence the observed peaks during successive scans. A proposed electrochemical process can be tentatively inferred from these CV results (Figure ). Figure (a) revealed the scan rate effect in 2CPTZ CV studies. The selected scan rate for this study ranged from 0.05 to 0.30 Vs -1 with 0.05 Vs -1 as an incremental constant for each running cycle. Figure uncovered the effect of scan rate variation on the peak current recorded for 2CPTZ oxidation. Increasing the scan rate from 0.05 to 0.30 Vs -1 positively shifts the Ep value from 0.342-0.393 mV. Conversely, the coefficient diffusion decreases with the increasing scan rate variation, which demonstrates that lower sweep rates are more effective in identifying a larger number of redox species. However, a lower scanning rate may result in longer experimental times and possibly might miss the second oxidation peak for the two consecutive oxidation processes as the chemical species from the first oxidation may diffuse away. Additionally, a lower scan rate potentially causes issues with the signal-to-noise ratio, particularly for slow electrode reactions. The effect of scan rate on 2CPTZ CV studies and the intensity of peak current was studied to determine if the redox process is controlled by diffusion or adsorption, as shown in Figure (b) and 4(c). According to Figure , the process can be considered diffusion controlled as the peak current is proportional to the square root of the scan rate with y= 316.7x + 7.417 R 2 = 0.9932. According to Figure (b) the peak current and scan rate have a linear relationship with y= 0.4051x + 64.36 R 2 = 0.9843, suggesting that the process may also be adsorptioncontrolled. However, the process can be classified as diffusion-controlled because the plot of peak current versus the square root of the scan rate shows a higher proportional linearity relationship (R 2 = 0.9932). The regression equation y= 316.7x + 7.417 with a correlation coefficient nearly to unity suggested that the 2CPTZ oxidation process over the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface was dominated by diffusion-controlled rather than adsorptioncontrolled mechanism. The study results indicate that 2CPTZ undergoes an absorptioncontrolled process at high scan rates rather than a diffusion-controlled process at low scan rates. In this case, a slower scanning rate will allow molecules to diffuse through the bulk electrolyte towards the electrode surface, resulting in the growth of the diffusion layer. However, this event provides a certain degree of sensitivity and stability regarding peak current and peak-to-peak separation.