In the experiment, the molecular DOFs always have some form of intrinsic disorder (energetic disorder or orientation of the dipole relative to the cavity field intensity or the transition dipole strength). Molecular disorder can arise from various phenomena, including both internal (e.g., vibrational modes of the molecule) and external (e.g., interactions with a solvent) DOFs. Furthermore, there are two main categories of disorder: (I) Dynamic disorder (e.g., thermal fluctuations from vibrations -internal and/or external), which manifests as a broadening of the transition energy/spectrum. (II) Static disorder (e.g., molecular defects, reactant/product species, isomers, inhomogeneous sizes of particles such as quantum dots or nanoplatelets, varied external environments of the molecules, multiple electronic states per molecule, etc.), which may provide multiple spectral peaks .