However, ten years later, two of the authors (Maynard and Aitken) assessed progress. It was concluded that appreciable progress had been made in advancing and funding essential programs to initiate health-related research regarding nanomaterials' safety. In contrast, little progress was made in developing instruments to monitor airborne or waterborne engineered nanomaterials or predictive methodologies for modeling applications . Among the goals that the researchers set for nanotoxicology in 2018 were: (1) inter-laboratory studies for the validation of test methods and toxicity results; (2) development of new in vitro toxicity methodologies or cell culture techniques to simulate longer-term effects; (3) more useful definitions for nanomaterials are necessary; (4) focusing on biokinetics/toxicokinetics of nanoparticles at relevant human exposure levels.