To model the change in lithium defect concentration upon cooling from synthesis temperatures to room temperatures, we perform a two-stage calculation. We first calculate equilibrium concentrations for all defect species at a typical synthesis temperature of 360 °C. We then fix the concentrations of all anionic defect species, which are considered to be "frozen in" during cooling , and recalculate the lithium vacancy and interstitial concentrations and electron and hole concentrations a pseudoequilibrium temperature T * = 298 K, under the additional constraint that there is no net lithium exchange with the surroundings .