These fundamental new findings on the interaction of cubic phase LCNPs with lamellar GUV membranes will provide vital insights into a number of scientific questions and applications. Firstly, this approach might be able to provide new fundamental insight into the role of the Gaussian curvature modulus in vesicle fission and fusion. By seeding lamellar GUVs with cubic phase forming lipids, the Gaussian curvature modulus of the GUV membrane might be controllably and systematically tuned. The major technical challenge with this approach is that the mechanical moduli of mixed membrane systems are not linearly additive based upon the moduli of each single lipid component in the mixture. However, a semiquantitative approach may be the best strategy forward here.