In contrast, the Ni (II) complex exhibits a significantly lower overpotential (-0.55V), signifying an energetically favorable pathway with minimal resistance to electron and proton transfer processes. The lower overpotential corresponds to a well-balanced adsorption and desorption profile of ORR intermediates, particularly hydroperoxide (HO2 -), which is the first intermediate in the Ni (II) pathway. This efficient energy profile ensures that the rate-determining step proceeds with minimal energy input, thereby accelerating the reaction kinetics and enhancing the catalytic activity. The reduced overpotential not only lowers the activation energy for intermediate transitions but also aligns the catalytic process more closely with the thermodynamic ideal, resulting in superior catalytic performance.