They also improve GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscles, increasing glucose utilization . 2. Reducing Oxidative Stress: The Curcumin nanoparticles reduce ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) and enhances the activity of antioxidant enzymes like Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalyst . 3. Anti-Inflammatory effects: By Inhibiting the NF-kB pathway and down regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) the Curcumin Nanoparticles reduces inflammation that contribute to insulin resistances . 4. Protecting β-cells: Curcumin nanoparticles preservers insulin secretion by preventing oxidative and inflammatory damages to pancreatic β-cells. They also reduce apoptosis and promotes β-cell proliferation . 5. Regulating Lipid Metabolism: Curcumin nanoparticles improve lipid profiles associated with diabetes by reducing triglycerides, LDL cholesterol and free fatty acids while increasing HDL cholesterol . 6. Inhibiting Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs): Curcumin nanoparticles inhibit the formation of AGEs, which contributes to Neuropathy, Nephropathy and Retinopathy which are diabetic complications . 7. Improving Gut Microbiota: Curcumin nanoparticles positively regulate the gut microbiota which promotes bacteria which is beneficial to enhance glucose metabolism and reduce inflammation . 8. Activating AMPK Pathway: The Curcumin nanoparticle activates AMPK pathway i.e. Activated Protein Kinase pathway, which improves glucose uptake, fatty acid oxidation and overall energy metabolism .