Recent advances in molecular biology and analytical techniques have provided deeper insights into the mechanisms governing species transport and transformation. High-throughput sequencing, mass spectrometry, and computational modeling have elucidated the pathways and interactions involved . These technologies have also facilitated the identification of biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets, paving the way for personalized medicine. Despite these advancements, numerous challenges remain in fully understanding the complexities of species transport and transformation. The dynamic and interconnected nature of biological systems requires interdisciplinary approaches and innovative methodologies . Moreover, environmental factors, genetic variability, and lifestyle choices can influence these processes, adding layers of complexity . This review aims to synthesize current knowledge on species transport and transformation pertaining to biophysical aspects of human pathophysiological conditions. It will discuss key transport mechanisms and transformation processes, examine their contributions to various diseases, and highlight current state of knowledge and gaps in these areas. Through this study, the review seeks to underscore the critical roles these processes play in maintaining health and elucidating disease mechanisms, ultimately paving the way for improved therapeutic strategies. The review surveys pathophysiological case studies from nine organ systems: cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, renal, immune, endocrine, musculoskeletal, integumentary, and reproductive systems. Analyzing specific case studies provides a clearer picture of how the transport and transformation mechanisms operate in real-world contexts.