The lack of particle translocations across the SiN and SiO2 pores was hypothesised to be due to the pores being mounted perpendicular to the main channel and flow. Here, the particles were not pushed into the sensor via convection and relied on EP or EO to traverse the pore. This, coupled with the fact the pore was recessed from the main flow by a distance R (figure ), resulted in no particle translocations. It should be noted that the distance R, was not explored or optimised in this study, and was estimated to be circa 2 mm in the setup. In the absence of flow, after the main fluid channel was filled with a nanoparticle solution, and the device was left undisturbed for time periods in excess of 30 mins, some particles diffused into the recess and translocations were observed, but the translocation numbers were inconsistent.