In this approach, the transfer step is viewed as a process where the chain length of a surviving radical is exchanged with that of a CTA. Assuming that within the chosen 𝜏, there is a negligible probability that a newly exchanged chain will immediately be transferred back, the process can be modeled as shown in Figure ?. Specifically, the active radical exchanged out of the CTA is first paired with a randomly chosen active radical. The survival time of the active radicals then follows a discrete "isosceles trapezoid" distribution. Since chain growth can occur at any time within this period, the probability distribution of chain growth is used to sample chain growth, enabling unified updates. Finally, the active radical that becomes a CTA is returned to the CTA pool.