In the release step under light, a pH drop occurred within the first 10 minutes, followed by a gradual increase over the subsequent 20 minutes, consistent with the observed release of CO2 during irradiation. Upon turning off the light, a rapid pH jump was observed, followed by a gradual pH decrease upon the introduction of 15% CO2 at a flow rate of 50 mL/min, corresponding to the capture of CO2 by the solution.