close to the conduction band (Figure ), then the 2 electrons will likely remain localized at the defect site (V 0 B ) due to the heavily populated electron reservoir, similar to how a chemical reaction is less likely to proceed with increasing product concentration by Le Chatelier's Principle. Similarly, if the electron reservoir is less populated with electrons when E F is close to the valence band, then the remaining 2 electrons will likely delocalize from the vacancy site (Figure ).