The HPMS dataset, in its original state, is annotated with a five-digit UACE (Urban Area Census Code) based on the 2010 Decennial Census (U.S. Census Bureau, 2020). A UACE of '99999' denotes a rural road segment, whereas '99998' denotes a small urban road segment. These small urban road segments are defined as those supporting a population of at least 5,000 and situated outside the adjusted urbanized area. Any UACE code other than '99999' or '99998' designates an urban road segment. To address any inaccuracies in the existing UACE data, such as missing or erroneous entries, the HPMS road network is further aligned (geographically intersected) with the urban and rural boundaries delineated in the 2010 Census. As a result, approximately 14% of road links (roughly 16% of roadway lane-kilometers) undergo modification in the UACE dataset.