In these scenarios, thermal energy within the refinery is utilized for generating electrical energy with the oil heat exchanger and then drying of feedstock with the hydronic heat exchanger. Design, simulation, sustainability characterization, and uncertainty and sensitivity analyses of the OP systems were performed in Python (version 3.8) 42 using QSDsan (an opensource, community-led platform for quantitative sustainable design of sanitation and resource recovery systems). The code is openly available on Github. In this parallel analysis, we generate estimates of user costs for the Biogenic Refinery (12,000 users•d -1 ), along with associated environmental impacts assuming a production scale of 10,000 units. We assumed a lifetime of 20 yr for the OP with replacement of individual parts based on their lifetimes and fixed performance data provided by the design team. The system includes installation of the technologies, on-site construction, frontend (toilet and onsite storage), and pretreatment requirements. Generally, a ± 10 to 25% variation was applied to assumed values (depending on data availability).