where 𝐸 Ox org + /Red org 0 is the standard redox potential of the redox probe, 𝑐 An aq -is the concentration of anion in the aqueous phase and 𝑐 Red org is the concentration of the redox probe in the organic phase. This equation shows that the transfer potential of the anion at the three-phase junction depends on the nature of anions in the aqueous phase. Therefore, the oxidation of the redox compound in the organic droplet will be shifted to a more negative potential when the hydrophobicity of the anion increases. Moreover, the formal potential should change by about 59 mV in the negative direction for a tenfold increase in the activity of anions in the aqueous phase , , . This equation works analogously for the reduction of a redox probe and the transfer of cations from the aqueous phase.