As the disorder in energy σ ε approaches the same size of Rabi-splitting ℏΩ R = 2 √ N ℏg c , one can observe that the effective Rabi-splitting slightly increases. This has been understood from perturbation theory, where the effective Rabi splitting is expressed as ℏΩ R ≈ 2 √ N ℏg c + ⟨δε⟩ 2 /( √ N ℏg c ) when σ ε /( √ N ℏg c ) ≪ 1 (see Appendix C of Ref. 38), as well as the approximate analytical solution of Rabi splitting when having Gaussiantype energy disorders. As the line width increases with an increase in inhomogeneous disorder, the peak intensity decreases. This is because the effective number of molecules with zero detuning decreases. When further increasing the σ ε to 0.2 eV (dark blue curve in Fig. ), the UP and LP peaks start to merge and the Rabi-splitting fades away. This pattern is clearer when we normalize the curves with the highest peak intensity, as shown in Fig. . These observations also agree with the recent theoretical works. 3. Dipole orientation disorder Fig. presents the linear spectra of N = 500 molecules coupled to a single cavity mode under various dipole orientation disorders based on Eq. 75, without any static energy disorders, ε n = ε = ε. We further center the spectra by setting ℏω 0 = ε = 0. As one gradually increases the dipole orientation disorder σ θ , Rabi splitting decreases. On the other hand, the linewidth of the polariton peaks remains almost unchanged, since there are no additional broadening mechanisms when including dipole disorders, as opposed to the previous case when considering an inhomogeneous energetic disorder in the system.