Appendix A explains this technique in more detail and Table A.1 shows an example with N = 5 sets of data for M = 10 species. For each of these simulated sets of assay data, the feed, product and tailings assays for each species i were used in Equations 1 and 2 to calculate the overall system mass yield Yi and recovery of species i (Ri). This gave a population of N different Yi values and Ri values for each species. The average (Yav,i), standard deviation (Y,i)