to improve calcium absorption, balance Tregs and Th17, and produce bone-forming IGF-1 . Another study demonstrated that a change in microbial composition reduced SCFAs, increased gut permeability, increased serum lipopolysaccharide (an inflammatory marker), and, ultimately, increased osteoclast activity, leading to bone loss . Further studies provided evidence in support of probiotic and prebiotic restoration of intestinal barrier function and prevention of bone loss . The numerous osteogenic functions of SCFAs thus indicate their potential for treating inflammatory bone loss.