is confined in a much smaller setup within a 300 µm diameter glass capillary. The miniaturization allows direct visualization of process dynamics (e.g., real-time, inoperando observation of diffusion propagation in a porous material) generating a much richer and more complete dataset than conventional macroscale experiments. However, the amount and complexity of data obtained in this way require advanced pore-scale numerical approaches for analysis, along with numerical diagnostics and subsequent inverse modeling of the experimental data, all of which pose significant challenges.