The use of microorganisms to produce calcium carbonate not only aids in self-healing but also contributes to the development of bio-cement, a sustainable alternative to traditional cement. Biocement utilizes microorganisms like Sporosarcina pasteurii and various Bacillus species to produce calcium carbonate, which acts as a binding agent. This approach has the potential to reduce the environmental impact associated with conventional cement production, which is a significant source of carbon emissions - .