Pse sugars are bacterial analogues of the ubiquitous sialic acid sugar N-acetyl neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) 2, and are present within the lipo-(LPS) and capsular polysaccharides (CPS), and linked to the surface of flagella in a number of pathogenic bacteria. These include Campylobacter jejuni, Helicobacter pylori, Shigella boydii (a cause of dysentery), Aeromonas caviae (a causative agent of diarrhoea in children), and multidrug resistant ESKAPE pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii, which are emerging causes of hospital acquired infections. Tantalisingly, disruption of Pse biosynthesis in a number of these bacteria results in drastically reduced virulence through loss of flagella. In addition, in vivo experiments also suggest that Pseglycosylated flagella can bind to Siglec-10, a cell surface sialic acid binding protein, and induce an anti-inflammatory response. These studies therefore validate Pse bacterium glycosylation as a bona fide target for therapeutic intervention in the ongoing battle to overcome antimicrobial resistance.