For pristine NMC in Figure , the Ni 2p3/2 peaks exhibit binding energies ranging from approximately 855.3 eV to 857.9 eV, corresponding to NiO, with the latter peak suggestive of a hydroxide species (e.g., Ni(OH)2 or NiOOH) . Additionally, an unidentified fluorine-related peak at approximately 849.7 eV is observed. This peak can be attributed to F1s signal and its Auger peaks at 832.0 eV and 858.9 eV, the latter overlapping with Ni2p3/2 peak. After recycling, the spectrum shows a single peak at 855.4 eV, attributed to a hydroxide species. The Mn 2p and Co 2p spectra remain largely unchanged (see Figure and) but display broadening, likely due to overlap with Ni LMM-2 Auger lines . No significant changes are observed in the Li 1s and O 1s spectra (see Figure and).