The electrochemical performance of the TzG@Si anode and S@PAN cathode was evaluated in half-cell configurations against lithium metal. Both TzG@Si-Li and S@PAN-Li half cells used the same electrolyte (1.0 M LiPF 6 , DMC:EC(1:1) +10wt% FEC) to ensure consistency in testing conditions. Initially, cyclic voltammetry (Figure ) was conducted to analyze the charge/discharge mechanisms of the TzG@Si electrode. The initial response current was low, since during the initial lithiation of crystalline silicon might involve sluggish kinetics and limited ion diffusion. While, after two scanning rounds, the electrode's activity notably improved. A distinct lithiation peak at 0.13 V (Peak 1) indicates the lithiation of silicon to form amorphous Li 15 Si 4 , while the subsequent delithiation peaks (Peak 2 for partial and Peak 3 for complete removal) reflect the extraction of Li + ions from Li 15 Si 4 . During the first lithiation cycle, the TzG@Si anode demonstrated a high initial lithiation/delithiation capacity of 4356/3011 mAh g -1 with a coulombic efficiency (CE) of approximately 70%. From the second cycle onward, CE increased to above 98%, reaching as high as 99.5% in later cycles, suggesting that the majority of the SEI forms in the initial cycle. The silicon anode also showed excellent rate performance (Figure ), maintaining a high capacity of 2046.6 mAh g -1 at 1 C rate. With a specific lithiation capacity of 2378.1 mAh g -1 taken in the third cycle as a reference, TzG@Si retained 84.9% capacity after 100 cycles (2019.1 mAh g -1 ), indicating stable performance.