When bond formations or dissociations through adsorbates are involved, however, merely UL cannot be used to predict catalytic activities, since those processes are potentialindependent . Therefore, it is essential to perform the microkinetic analysis to estimate TOFs by considering both thermodynamic/kinetic aspects and effects of the electrode potential. thermochemical and electrochemical bond formations will be referred to as "T-path" and "Epath", respectively, hereafter. In total, we investigated 15 reaction pathways (Figure ). In the following, we demonstrate the limitations of the purely thermodynamic approach, and discuss results of the quantitative microkinetic analysis. Finally, we construct a kinetic volcano plot and propose a design strategy for an improved catalytic activity. By calculating UL for all reaction pathways, we summarized the lowest UL and the lowest Ga,i (Figure , Table -4). It is clear that FCC metals with the exception of coinage metals (Ag, Au and Cu) demonstrated lower UL than BCC or HCP metals for both E-path and Tpath (Figure ). Particularly, Pt and Ir (Rh, Ni and Pd) exhibited the lowest UL for E-path (Tpath). On the other hand, the coinage metals showed higher UL although their activation energies in T-path are comparatively lower than the other FCC metals (Figure ). BCC metals generally featured higher UL and activation energies than FCC and HCP metals, thus they are expected to be not appropriate for AOR. Among HCP metals, Co, Os and Ru demonstrated moderate UL although their activation energies are relatively higher than FCC metals which have similar UL.