The pathogenesis of multiple encephalitis alphaviruses is contingent upon the VLDLR entry receptor . It identified the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) as a receptor for low-density lipoprotein receptor class A domain 3 (LDLRAD3). The global deletion of LDLRAD3 inhibited systemic infection during the peripheral prodromal phase (infection of peripheral mononuclear cells) . A lot of ancestral Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) strains bind to the very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) and the apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2) . It determined the structures of EEEV and SFV spike glycoproteins bound to the very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) ligand binding domain using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The results indicated that EEEV and SFV interact with the same cellular receptor through distinct binding modes .