Bone can be categorized into two primary types: cortical (compact) bone and trabecular (spongy, cancellous) bone. Cortical bone, found in the outer shell of all bones, is a dense tissue that accounts for around 80% of bone tissue mass. It is composed of tightly packed layers of lamellae arranged around central blood vessel (Haversian canal) forming a structure called an osteon. Each osteon is cylindrical, about 200 to 300 micrometers in diameter, and aligned parallel to the bone's length. The gaps between osteons are filled with a substance known as the cement line, which is approximately 1 to 5 micrometers thick and results from the ongoing process of bone remodeling . Cortical bone demonstrates density of around 1800-2000 kg/m 3 and porosity of less than 6%. These properties provide cortical bone tissue with a resistance to compression and torsion, which are significant in supporting and securing the internal bone structure.