Accompanying these tables, figures illustrate significant improvements in neuronal survival, reductions in pro-inflammatory markers, and motor function recovery, further reinforcing the mechanistic pathways through which exosomes exert their neuroprotective effects. Together, these visual elements provide a robust, data-driven foundation for the conclusions of this study, clarifying the role of exosomes in neuroregeneration and their potential for therapeutic application in neurodegenerative diseases and CNS injuries. Description: This table shows the results of proteomic and miRNA analysis of exosomes derived from various stem cell sources. Proteins were identified using tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and label-free quantification (LFQ), while miRNAs were analyzed via deep sequencing. Data include key proteins involved in neuroprotection and inflammation regulation, as well as miRNAs that play critical roles in modulating inflammatory responses . Description: This table provides functional outcomes from animal studies, measuring key parameters like neuronal survival, cognitive improvement (where applicable), inflammatory marker reduction, and motor function recovery. Each of these outcomes was measured using specific behavioral and molecular assays relevant to neurodegenerative diseases • MSC-derived exosomes displayed the highest protein count (199) and the largest number of miRNAs detected (593), highlighting their rich molecular cargo. • iPSC-derived exosomes had the lowest protein count (175) and fewer miRNAs detected (541) compared to MSCs, although still substantial. • NSC-derived exosomes showed intermediate protein counts (189) and miRNA detection levels (560).