As discussed in the context of the equilibrium case, the state-specific nature of the Hamiltonian may lead to convergence problems and other formal complexities arising from nonorthogonality of the excited-state wave functions. As a result of root-flipping problems, it is probably only realistic to imagine a fully selfconsistent solution to the state-specific Schrödinger equation in cases where the state k of interest is spectrally isolated, unless specialized convergence algorithms are employed. (One such algorithm is described in Ref. 26.) Even if convergence is not problematic, a separate calculation is required for each excited state. For reasons of simplicity, we desire an approach that can generate the entire spectrum in a single calculation. A perturbative approach to incorporating the solvation correction solves both of these problems.