Except for the widespread and potent representative scopolamine, research on the risk assessment of tropane alkaloids is scarce. Here, the TDI is not exceeded. For pyrrolizidine alkaloids the EFSA does not define any TDIs or ADIs currently. Due to a lack of data, the risk assessment for these food contaminants is based on the calculation of a cumulative 70 µg kg -1 body weight per day benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL10) for a 10% excess cancer risk. From a public-health perspective, the EFSA panel concluded that a margin of exposure (MoE) above 10,000 is of low concern for this group of phytotoxins . For jacobine-N-oxide, our data suggests that contaminated breast milk may substantially contribute to this pyrrolizidine alkaloid burden resulting in a MoE of 5,000. More conservative guidelines, such as a TDI defined by the Dutch National Institute of Public Health and the Environment of 0.1 µg kg -1 body weight per day would indicate a MoE of 1.8 after age correction for infants (0.033 µg kg -1 body weight per day) . These findings demonstrate that there is a potential health risk for infants of mothers that consume high quantities of pyrrolizidine alkaloids via honey or herbal remedies.