The third situation is the charge polarity inversion, see FIG. ) , which meets the force criterion of O 2-:Cu P attraction and Cu + -Cu P (positive end) repulsion. The Cu + -O 2-dipole induces the Cu atom into a Cu P dipole through the London dispersion force -the instantaneous dipole-induced dipole interaction . (i) Specific heat η L /η H ratio determined density thermal evolution of bulk water and 4.4 nm-sized droplet (θ < 277 K), which triggers the QS phase negative thermal expansivity for ice buoyancy.