Samples to be used for complete device fabrication were transported in a sealed container into the evaporation glovebox. For complete devices, the perovskite edge was mechanically removed, followed by evaporation of fullerenes C60 (20 nm at 0.1 Å s -1 via thermal evaporation), C70 (10 nm at 0.1 Å s -1 via thermal evaporation), and then bathocuproine (3 nm at 0.1 Å s -1 via thermal evaporation). The devices were completed by the evaporation of 65 nm of the gold electrode at 0.5 Å s -1 through the evaporation mask. The devices were stored in a N2 glovebox for 1 day in the dark before characterization.