BAC can also be harmful by denaturing proteins and inhibiting enzymes . BAC alter protein tertiary and quaternary structures, denature enzymes, and interact with them. It can hinder critical enzymatic processes and disrupt cellular functions . BAC poisoning may cause oxidative stress and mitochondrial malfunction . BAC may deplete cellular antioxidant defenses, causing oxidative stress. Lipids, proteins, and DNA can be damaged by oxidative stress . Energy production and cellular respiration are also hampered by BAC, which alter mitochondrial function.