PMT/vPvM substances have been listed by the European Commission's Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental and Emerging Risks (SCHEER) as one of the 14 emerging problems that could impact human health or the environment . Recently, the EU Chemicals, Labelling and Packaging (CLP) regulation (1272/2008) introduced the new hazard classes PMT and vPvM, as well as defined criteria for PMT/vPvM substances based on chemical properties , as presented below in Figure . These substances do not degrade in the environment over an appreciable timescale and are easily transported through water and aquatic ecosystems due to poor sorption to soil and sediments . PMT/vPvM substances can be found in a wide range of applications and sources, including in industrial processes, fire-fighting foams, and consumer products such as food, cosmetics and furniture . They can cause long-term harm to humans and the environment and are also costly and difficult to remove from drinking water .