The model for this study was trained on a dataset of nearly one billion data points, as described in the methods section. The training was carried out on a TPU v4 VM with a 256-node pod slice, with each epoch taking an average of 15 hours and 2 minutes. A second model was also developed to perform the reverse task: IUPAC names were translated back into SMILES strings. This model used the same dataset but with the input and output string representations reversed.