Projected demand for the analysed chemicals increases rapidly between 2020 and 2050, assuming no toxicity regulatory changes of chemical uses (see SI Section 4). This is primarily driven by new demand for chemical products, which is partially offset by resource efficiency and circularity strategies (Figure ). Demand excluding methanol demand for MTX rises from 693 Mt in 2020 to 1768 Mt in 2050 in the BAU scenario but is reduced to 1415 Mt (20% reduction) in the LC scenario and to 1261 Mt (29% reduction) in the HC scenario.