Data from previous studies has led us to hypothesise SSAs arrive at the target cell surface as self-associated species, either hydrogel fibres, or more commonly, spherical self-associated aggregates, hydrodynamic diameter (dH) ≈ 100-550 nm. These spherical structures then morph into a coating that covers the surface of the target cells, permeating through the cell membrane, with selectivity provided, at least in part, through preferential interactions with polar phospholipid headgroups present on the extracellular leaflet of the cell membrane. It is principally these phospholipid selective interactions, followed by critical membrane permeation and/or disruption events, due to increases in SSA concentration at the cell surface, that we believe results in the biological activity observed. Finally, we have also shown that SSAs can act as Na +/ /K + transporters across synthetic phospholipid membranes when working cooperatively with a known anionophore. This leads us to explore the possibility that SSAs may also mediate cell death through ion transport, as well as membrane disruption events, depending on the concentration of SSA present at the cell surface.