where (𝑉 2 -𝑉 1 ) is the voltage window, and 𝑉 2 and 𝑉 1 are the bounds of the discharge voltage window where capacitive behaviour is observed (V), 𝑣 is the scan rate (V s -1 ), I is the discharge current (A), and 𝑑𝑉 is the infinitesimal change in cell voltage (V) . In this study, 6 of the 14 participating groups integrated across the entire CV curve (i.e., charge and discharge) when calculating total capacitance. This requires dividing by an additional factor of two compared to Equation 7 above to account for this.