As shown in Figure , a negative potential is generated between the two sides of the membrane when water fully migrates to the PAA region, which can be explained by the scheme in The above results demonstrate that the electricity generation WIEGs is contributed by the water-carbon interaction, the electrochemical redox reactions that occur at the solid-liquid interface, and the dissociation of oxygen-containing groups if the carbon material contains oxygen groups. In particular, the electrochemical redox reaction is the major contributor to the output of the WIEG. It is also proved that using salt/acid solutions and more active electrodes can improve the output voltage of the WIEG by facilitating the electrochemical reactions at the liquid-solid interfaces and inhibiting the dissociation of functional groups of OCBNP. Therefore, for practical applications, a Zn foil is used as the anode and a 1 M LiCl aqueous solution as the electricity generation trigger, as shown in Figure . The device can generate an average open-circuit voltage of about 1.27 V and an average short-circuit current density of about 16.8 μAcm -2 within the first 3 hours (Figure ), with a power density of 2.5 μW cm -2 (Figure and Figure ). For practical applications, a semisolid-state AWIEG with an optimal sandwich-type structure was further designed by sandwiching a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/LiCl gel layer between the OCBNP f /MCE membrane and Zn foil (Figure ). The PVA/LiCl gel can absorb moisture from ambient air and allows long-term operation of the device without adding any extra water. As shown in Figure , the device can sustainably generate an average open-circuit voltage of around 1.25 V for 30 days under ambient laboratory conditions.