To deconvolute the behaviours of the negative and positive electrode a three-electrode configured PAT-Cell (EL-Cell) and a perfluoroalkoxy alkane Swagelok TM half-cell (using lithium metal as the counter electrode) were utilised for the electrochemical testing. The three-electrode cell was comprised of an 18 mm negative and positive electrode, a 21.6 mm double layered separator comprised of 180 µm polypropylene woven layer and a 38 µm polyethylene membrane (EL-Cell), with 100 µl of electrolyte. The half-cell was comprised of a 11 mm working electrode, a 12 mm lithium counter electrode, 12.8 mm Celgard 2325 tri-layer separator (polypropylene/polyethylene/polypropylene) and 50 µl of electrolyte. The electrolyte used was 1 mol dm LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate: ethylmethylcarbonate (3:7, v:v, Soulbrain). The electrochemical protocols were programmed on a VMP3 potentiostat (Bio-Logic). Electrochemical testing was preceded by two cycles of C/20 CC CV charge (CV cut-off was C/50) and CC discharge between 2.5 V and 4.2 V. The C-rate was based upon the discharge capacity for the second cycle. For temperature control a programmable climatic chamber (Temperature Applied Sciences) with an accuracy of ± 1 °C and a fan i.e. forced convection.