Where 𝑎 𝑖 is the activity of species i and R, T, F are the conventional variables. As shown in Fig. , the reversible potential for 𝐸 NO As also evident from Eqs 5-6, the pH dependence of the NO3RR requires that this understanding is coupled to knowledge of the (local) pH to quantify or fix the driving force. The potential should also be corrected for ohmic drop in the electrolyte via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).