Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) processing includes multiple manufacturing technologies, including solution electrospinning (SES) , melt electrospinning , electrospraying , and melt electrowriting (MEW) . Products of these technologies have been investigated for textile , filtration and tissue engineering (TE) applications . SES, in particular, has been widely investigated over the past two decades . As a nozzle-based fabrication technology, its simplicity helped spark its adoption for research, with small-diameter (typically less than 1 µm) SES fibers that were especially investigated for biomedical applications .