The tMLM and tBLM systems were constructed as described previously. For tMLMs, the SEIRA Au film was functionalized with a pure self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of Ch3EOSH by incubation with a 1 mM Ch3EOSH solution in 1propanol overnight; for tBLMs, a phase-separated SAM of Ch3EOSH and 6MH at a ratio of ~70:30 was constructed using a mixture of 0.6 mM Ch3EOSH and 0.4 mM 6MH in 1-propanol. In both cases, the capacitance was determined using electrical impedance spectroscopy (Metrohm Autolab PGSTAT204) showing ~1 μF/cm 2 or ~1.4 μF/cm 2 as indicators for the formation of the pure or mixed SAM, respectively, as in several previous studies. After washing with 1-propanol, a 20 mM solution of unilamellar vesicles of 9:1 POPC:POPG in buffer (vesicles were obtained by extrusion through polycarbonate filters with 100 nm pore size) was added onto the SAM for 4h (results with POPC and 9:1 POPC:DOTAP are shown in SI Section 3). Membrane formation was verified by monitoring SEIRA spectra and determination of a lowered capacitance of ~0.6 -0.8 μF/cm 2 . Directly before incubation of the tMLMs or tBLMs with Aβ1-40, one aliquot was dissolved in 1 mL of buffer, yielding a ~2.4 μM Aβ1-40 solution that was added onto the membrane systems. Spectra were recorded over a total period of 12 h; each spectrum was accumulated for 2 min.