Before plant extracts can be utilized, a meticulous process involving harvesting, pre-treatment, and various extraction methods must be followed to ensure the quality and efficacy of the final product. The initial step, harvesting, must be timed appropriately to capture the peak concentration of desired phytochemicals, which varies with the plant species and the specific compounds of interest. Pre-treatment processes, including drying, grinding, and sometimes fermentation, prepare the plant material for extraction, enhancing the efficiency and yield of the subsequent steps. Different extraction methods, such as maceration, infusion, decoction, and modern techniques like supercritical fluid extraction, are chosen based on the chemical nature of the target compounds and their intended applications. The choice of solvent-ranging from water and ethanol to more complex solvent systemsplays a critical role in selectively isolating specific phytoconstituents. Once extracted, these compounds often require further purification through techniques like chromatography to isolate the compound of interest, ensuring that the final product is potent and suitable for its intended use. This comprehensive approach ensures that plant extracts used in various applications, from pharmaceuticals to nutraceuticals, are both effective and safe