The LMO electrode was prepared by mixing LMO powders, Super C65 and PVDF (80:10:10 wt.%) in NMP. The casting and drying methods for the LMO cathodes were as previously described. The resulting LMO electrodes have a loading of 7 mg cm -2 and an area capacity of 1 mA cm -2 . On the other hand, the LFP electrode from Custom Cells has a similar areal capacity of 1 mA cm -2 with ~6 mg cm -2 active material loading. The electrodes were then cut into 8 mm diameter discs before coin cell assembly.