Minor modifications were made to the L-M MMT complex, as stated in the literature. 1 g M MMT and 1 g lignin were suspended in 30 mL sterile water and stirred for 12 h at room temperature. The L-M MMT complex was centrifuged and dried in a 65 °C oven for 24 h for powder processing. ). With the aid of an external magnet, the ChPloaded nanocarriers were collected, washed with methanol, and vacuum dried for 1 h at 37 °C.