Both may be important in reaching accessible transition states for C-C bond activation that might not otherwise be possible with the ligand-free counterparts. Similarly, cooperative effects between two or more main group metals offer alternative pathways to break C-C bonds with reagents that are constrained to a certain set of orbital interactions. Bimetallic pathways have been invoked in several of the systems known to date, with two main group metals acting in concert; binding, distorting, and destabilising hydrocarbon frameworks to achieve C-C bond activation.