Human hepatoma cells, HepG2 cells were seeded onto a six-well plate at a seeding density of 5×10 5 cells per well containing Eagle's minimum essential media (EMEM) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The cells were incubated in a humidified CO2 incubator with a 5%CO2 concentration at 37°C for 24 hours. Following initial incubation, the cells were serum-starved with EMEM containing 1% FBS overnight. The cells were later exposed to 10% (v/v basis) WM samples with negative control and positive control containing 3µg/mL of aflatoxins (AFB1 and AFM1 separately) and UV-A treated (279, and 838 mJ/cm 2 ) samples. After six hours of incubation, the cell medium was aspirated and washed three times with PBS. The cells were lysed with 100 µL of 2X laemmli buffer containing 100 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) and collected in an Eppendorf tube. The tubes were placed in a boiling water bath for 5 min to denature the proteins and centrifuged at 13,000 rpm for 2 min. Gel electrophoresis with 12% precast polyacrylamide gel was run with 15 µL of the supernatant denatured cell lysis samples per well in presence of Tri-Glycine-SDS electrophoresis buffer at a constant volt of 60V using a mini-PROTEAN Tetra vertical electrophoresis cell connected to an FB3000 electrophoresis power supply (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA). The gel was electrophoretically transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane at a constant volt 22V for 22 min using a Bio-Rad Trans-Blot SD (Bio-Rad Labs, Irvine, CA) connected to a PowerPac HC High Current electrophoresis power supply (Bio-Rad Labs, Irvine, CA). The nitrocellulose membranes were probed for phospho-BAD(ser112), BAD, p53, and β-actin onto an iBind TM Flex Wester Device (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) using the iBind TM Flex solution kit as per the manufacturer's protocol.