The surface roughness of the membrane can significantly influence cell behavior . Dowling et al. altered polystyrene surface to determine the effect of surface roughness and plasma treatment on the adhesion and spreading of MG63 osteosarcoma cells. They observed an enhanced cell adhesion on substrates with higher surface roughness while, contrarily, roughness negatively affected the spreading of MG63, as spreading decreased as surface roughness increased. Similarly, Majhy et al. , who studied the cellular behavior of cervical (HeLa) and breast (MDA MB 231) cancer cell lines on PDMS with a roughness ratio in the range of 1.05-3 (roughness:5-150 nm), explain that an intermediate roughness ratio (≈ 2) is optimal for the formation of focal adhesion points resulting in maximum cell-substrate interaction, stable adhesion, and therefore, the highest cell growth and proliferation. Above a critical roughness ratio, the cell membrane's elasticity precludes the cells' penetration into deep surface grooves, leading to only point-contact that reduces cell-substrate interaction and causes a notable drop in cell proliferation. demonstrated that the critical roughness level and thus the response to surface roughness stimulus is cell-type specific. They developed surface roughness gradients ranging from the nano to the micrometer scale on magnesium substrates to study the response of endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) to improve the biocompatibility of vascular implants. Both cell types respond evidently to varying roughness on the Mg-based material, but high surface roughness (1.0-2.0 μm) with a network of ridge/valley structures provided a most favorable microenvironment to ECs proliferation while disfavoured that of SMCs.