Solar cells are becoming an increasingly popular, reliable, renewable, and green energy source in the current era due to their outstanding characteristics and advantages over other energy resources. Among various photovoltaic technologies, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a promising alternative, offering new dimensions for future renewable energy solutions and research. Perovskite was first introduced as a photovoltaic material in 2009 by a group of Japanese scientists led by Kojima, achieving an initial efficiency of 3.81% . Since then perovskite solar cells have gotten enormous attention due to several outstanding characteristics including low excitation binding energy , greater absorption coefficient , tunable bandgap , higher carrier mobility , and long carrier diffusion length . Due to continuous research and improvement, the efficiency of perovskite solar cells is increasing continuously and reached more than 26% practically.