This suggests a notable charge transfer between the sodium surface and the adsorbed ions, potentially weakening the electrostatic attraction between cations and anions in the interfacial region. This could effectively reduce the interfacial resistance against cation diffusion, thereby enhancing ion conductivity within the resulting SEI. The contour plots also demonstrate small regions of enhanced charge density surrounding the oxygen atoms of the triflate anion, particularly for the anions adsorbed on the sodium metal surfaces (see Fig. and).