In chemically fueled supramolecular chemistry, a catalytic reaction cycle is coupled to a supramolecular process. This reaction cycle catalytically converts fuel into waste, which regulates the supramolecular behavior of the catalyst. For such chemically fueled reaction cycles, we require a thermodynamically unstable molecule (the fuel), which can be converted into a thermodynamically more stable state (waste) in an exergonic reaction. Does not occur on a reasonable time scale; it requires a catalyst in a catalytic reaction cycle, in which that catalyst is temporarily activated by reacting with the fuel before spontaneously beginning deactivation. That way, the catalyst can undergo numerous cycles as long as fuel is present, and the fuel is converted faster due to the presence of the catalyst. From the catalyst's point of view, it is transiently activated for self-assembly in an endergonic reaction by reacting the fuel to waste. ATP is an excellent fuel that fulfills all these requirements above. ATP itself is thermodynamically unstable but kinetically stable. The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP releases a relatively high amount of energy but not spontaneously; it requires ATPases (an enzyme as the catalyst) or other enzymes to liberate the energy through hydrolysis. Doing so transiently activates the ATPase through phosphorylation of its active site. This transient activation step induces a change in the ATPase, which can be used to drive supramolecular processes, such as a change in the enzyme, which pumps ions from one side to the other of a membrane. Inspired by the use of fuels to regulate biological supramolecular processes, analogous fuelconsuming catalytic reaction cycles have been devised. For example, methylating agents are a popular fuel combined with carboxylates as catalysts to form labile, transient methyl esters. Carbodiimides 2 are a popular fuel to activate carboxylates to form transient anhydrides, active esters, or oxazolones. Because of its biological relevance, ATP is also frequently used to regulate supramolecular processes like the formation of fibers, or the assembly of lipids, or assembling DNA . Some of these ATP-driven cycles use their ATP to dynamically phosphorylate a substrate by using phosphorylating (kinases) and dephosphorylating enzymes (phosphatases). Given the multiple enzymes involved, such cycles can be complicated. Their need for highly evolved enzymes also offers limited insight into phosphorylation before life existed. So far, enzyme-free reaction cycles fueled by phosphorylation agents do not exist.