where U eq. is the equilibrium reaction potential, C ref is a reference concentration (usually set to 1 M), and n represents a specific reaction order which is either taken from the literature or treated as an additional fitted parameter. The typical fitting procedure of above BV parameters generally involves the following steps : a 1D transportcoupled kinetic model is solved first , while essentially assuming a planar electrode with J surf set equal to the experimental product J measured in the bulk electrolyte at a given U. This solution gives an initial potential-dependent C profile which is then used to fit the included model parameters. The resulting BV expression is finally solved iteratively within a 2D or 3D set-up (according to the surface geometry of interest), yielding a self-consistent solution for J surf and C as a function of U. Note that, while practical, this approach suffers from its inherent dependence upon the above fitted parameters which have been shown to sensitively change the model's results .