Simulation techniques along the battery value chain have found their use in many applications; from simulating the dynamics of a particle at the lowest of levels, to analyzing the thermal behavior of a battery pack, at one of the highest levels (Figure ). However, despite the apparent diversity, all these modeling efforts find their commonality by aiming in the same direction: reducing iterative experiments, saving both time and resources, and finally, accelerate the development, design and optimization of the battery cells as products. The multiscale nature of modeling techniques applied for battery production optimization. In the physical world there are the different levels for the energy storage components. While in the corresponding virtual world, the modeling techniques applied at each of these levels, are located in a spectrum from discrete to continuum.