We assessed the performance of GGAP-CPI and GGAP-CPI-IntEns against other CPI baseline methods across CPI2M-few datasets. The results, presented in Fig. , reveal that all CPI methods experienced significant performance declines in this demanding experimental context. Many baselines were incapable of generating valid predictions, with their PCC scores falling below 0.5. In contrast, GGAP-CPI-IntEns demonstrated superior performances on the CPI2M-few-pK i , -pK d " -pEC 50 , and -pIC 50 , datasets, showcasing moderate predictive reliability. These findings underscore the robustness and broader applicability of GGAP-CPI in practical CPI bioactivity prediction scenarios, particularly in settings that challenge conventional target-specific approaches.