Noble metals such as platinum, palladium, iridium, and ruthenium feature desired catalytic properties, such as high temperature tolerance and good catalytic activity. For instance, Sonogashira coupling, Suzuki-Miyaura coupling, Heck reaction, and Stille coupling need palladium as catalysts that result in good yields under various conditions. Iridium and ruthenium also possess catalytic capabilities for arylation, allylation, and other cross-coupling reactions. Obtaining these noble metals catalysts presents a challenge when it comes to sustainability and the prices are subject to market fluctuations. Noble metals are mostly extracted from low grade ores for which a large amount needs to be mined to extract a small amount of metal, resulting in environmental damage and high refining cost. For example, around 12 tons of ore is used to produce approximately 31 grams of platinum. In addition, refining of these low-grade ores requires a large amount of energy that is obtained typically via fossil fuels. The high cost and low abundance of noble metals are limiting factors in many key technologies such as fuel cells, zinc-air batteries, water splitting to produce hydrogen, and hydrogenation. Due to their sustainable cost and minimum environmental impact, noble metal replacement in catalytic applications has attracted the attention of scientists.