The mixed excreta scenario recovers nutrients only as the combined liquid effluent from bed treatment. Although this liquid may not have comparable economic value to commercial fertilizer, 41 it could provide a meaningful product particularly in low-resource communities. Therefore, the potential value of the recovered resources may go beyond the offset in costs analyzed here. While this study provides insights into the financial viability and environmental implications of fecal sludge management via OP technology, it has several limitations. In particular, the two deployment scenarios of the OP technology were compared to one benchmark system (i.e., pit latrines, transport, and anaerobic treatment); however, multiple pathways exist to provide safely managed sanitation (e.g., centralized versus decentralized) and should be considered before deployment of any system. Also, our analysis assumes that a maintenance network is in place to provide the necessary support to the OP. In accordance with ISO 31800 and ISO 30500, the routine maintenance of non-sewered sanitation systems and fecal sludge treatment units needs to be outlined, which can provide guidance on the development of this network. Furthermore, our technical assumptions use both laboratory-based experiments and field deployment of the Biogenic Refinery. The accuracy of these assumptions may vary, especially in different contexts over the entire lifetime of the OP. Long-term, continuous field studies may provide updated assumptions to further inform our analysis. Future studies also need to consider both social and stakeholder factors that will influence sustained adoption.