We also explored the effect of data size on model performance in predicting E g , as depicted in To conclude, from an exploration on the influence of data size on model performance, most ML models showed significant improvements in accuracy as data volume increased from 200 to 1,000 entries. Beyond 1000 data points, the performance of all the models stabilized, indicating minimal gains with additional data. Our results suggest that more than 1000 data points are necessary for both CML and GNN based models to achieve optimal prediction accuracy.