According to , investigated by means of the Raman spectroscopy the water structure determining it as dominated by a five-molecule hydrogen bonded tetrahedral structure: "the degree of association of water at 0°C obtained in this work ... 89.5%, is in close agreement …" . "Strong evidence exists for the (H2O)5 species to exist in continuum with the presence of a population of rapidly exchanging other (dimer, trimer, tetramer, etc.) transient forms with the tetrahedral form [which is] dominant ".