Morphologically, VHSVs are typically bullet-shaped, membraneenveloped virions like other rhabdoviruses. As most rhabdoviral genomes, VHSVs are encoded by ~11 Kb single-stranded, unsegmented and negative polarity RNA genomes (complementary to mRNA). The VHSV genomes codes for 5 structural and 1 non-virion proteins like any other Novirhabdoviruses . The genome is surrounded by viral proteins and enveloped by a membrane spiked with glycoprotein (gpGVHSV) trimers. Their membrane virion surface contains ~ 300 trimeric spikes of ~ 500 amino acid glycoprotein G (gpGVHSV), that recognizes hostdependent cellular receptors. After being internalized, the host intracellular endosomal low-pH mediates fusion of viral / endosomal membranes facilitating the release of the VHSV genome into the host cytoplasm whose biomachinery starts viral RNA translation and transcription to replicate new virions.