MnFe2O4 NPs were produced by Mazarío et al. using a combination of electrochemical/chemical techniques. CoFe2O4 NPs of uniform size have been produced electrochemically in one step. Zahra et al. employed electrochemical synthesis to create ferromagnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) NPs in a quick and low-cost process. The synthesized substance was employed as a heterogeneous electro-Fenton catalyst for decolorizing solutions containing Acid Scarlet and Acid Blue 92. Moreover, the Fe3O4 NPs can be easily recycled through magnetic separation, thus preventing them from becoming a secondary pollutant in the environment. The magnetic characteristics and cytotoxic effects of MNPs made from magnetite and Mn, Co, and Ni ferrites and synthesized electrochemically are examined by Ovejero et al. in this study. A novel electrochemical technique was used by Mazario, E., et al.to create CoFe2O4 NPs. A team of researchers led by Lakshmi Ranganatha V. has introduced a simple, cost-effective, and eco-friendly approach for producing ZnFe2O4 NPs. They assessed the photocatalytic performance of MB in the presence of visible light, achieving a removal efficiency of 96%. Furthermore, the nano-catalyst showed effective reusability. 3.8 Flame spray pyrolysis method Kotsikau et al. reported that a single-phase Zn0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 ferrite was fabricated via spray pyrolysis from a water solution containing iron and manganese nitrates. Hong, Dachao, and his team utilized Pluronic F127 as a structure-directing agent to fabricate submicron-sized mesoporous spheres of NiFe2O4 using an aerosol spray pyrolysis technique. The researchers then tested these spheres for photocatalytic activity in an aqueous methanol solution by irradiating them with visible light (>420 nm) to produce hydrogen (H2). The high surface area and crystallinity of the Ni6Fe2O4 led to a significant photocatalytic activity, resulting in the evolution of H2 from water with methanol. Chavan et al. successfully produced Li0.5-x/2MgxFe2.5-x/2O4 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) thin films using the spray pyrolysis process to create nanocrystalline films. Unique chainlike MFe2O4 nano aggregates have been made by quickly pyrolyzing nitrates/ethanol as a precursor in a flame spray process by Li, Yunfeng, et al. Flame spray pyrolysis is a reliable method for creating binary or complex oxides with the potential for industrial application. Using the spray pyrolysis process, Ni1-xCuxFe2O4 thin films with a wide range of compositions (0.0 x 1.0 in steps of 0.2) were created in the current work by Chavan, Apparao R., et al. Mesoporous carbon spheres filled with NiFe2O4 NPs were created by Zheng, Jingwu, et al.in a single step using ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. Aerosol spray pyrolysis (ASP) was utilized to create oxygendeficient doped ferrite structures that would be utilized by Lorentzou, S et al. as redox materials in a two-step thermochemical water-splitting cycle to produce solar hydrogen from water. Ozdemir et al. used flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) to create MnFe2O4 NPs. 3.9 Electrospinning By using the electrospinning (ES) technique, MgFe2O4 nanostructures were successfully created by Maensiri S et al. Kaur, et al. described the electrospinning process shown in Figure . It is used to create a new nanofiber membrane comprising CoNiFe2O4-Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF). The sol-gel combustion process was used to create the CoNiFe2O4 NPs. El-Rafei et al. successfully created CaFe2O4 nanofibers using the ES technique which are three-dimensional random calcium ferrites. These NFs are suggested for photocatalysis applications in water purification since they generate active hydroxyl radicals under simulated solar light irradiation. The preliminary findings of the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofiber study were used by Na, Kyeong-Han, et al. in this work to optimize the ES conditions for the synthesis of ferrite (α-Fe2O3) nanofiber. The optical, electrical, and dielectric characteristics of electrospun Ni0.5Co(0.5x)CdxNd0.02Fe178O4 (x = 0.25) nanofibers were investigated in a work by Alahmari, F., et al. In this study, an ES process was used by Dorneanu, et al. to successfully generate pure PVDF and PVDF/CoFe2O4 magnetic fibre composites for oil spill sorption applications. Nilmoung, S., et al. described the production of carbon/cobalt ferrite (C/CoFe2O4) composite nanofibers and their characteristics after being carbonized in an environment of mixed air and argon. Sertkol et al. created different Co0.5Ni0.5BixFe2-xO4 spinel ferrite nanofibers (CoNiBi SFNFs) using the ES method in their study. Jun et al. utilized sol-gelassisted ES to produce composite fibres comprising Ni-Zn ferrite and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Upon calcination of the composite fibres at high temperatures, cubic spinel-structured Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanofibers were obtained. The ES has been successfully used by Li et al.to create NiFe2xCexO4 (x = 0-0.03) nanoribbons, which were then calcined in oxygen at 500°C.