The exponents act as shape parameters and the resulting shapes can be concave or convex. The Superformula can act as a geometric transformation on planar functions. For constant functions, Equation 2 transforms the circle (Figure : a-f), but transformations of spirals (Figure : g-i) or trigonometric functions (Figure : j-l) are also possible. Three dimensional supershapes can be generated in spherical or cylindrical coordinates, or in parametric version, based on two perpendicular two-dimensional supershapes . As a result of its functionality flexibility, the Superformula has been used to model a wide range of biological systems . The method been tested on the modeling of plant leaves, tree rings, bamboo culms and meristems, fruits, seeds, starfish, and avian eggs (amongst others).