change is that in the presence of excess O2, PVDF binder in BM samples is completely burned without leaving behind any carbonaceous char, as also shown by 100 % mass loss in Fig. . TGA/MS Mass loss within 380 °C -550 °C can be used to estimate the amount of PVDF (wt. %) in BM. The mass loss between the temperature range of 380 °C -550 °C in Fig. shows that BM1, BM2 and BM3 contain ~4.3 wt. % PVDF binder.