Self-assembly simulations demonstrate that, for these smaller particles, ILs can rapidly organize around RNA cargo to form structures similar to inverse hexagonal phases. However, a potential limitation is the discrepancy in ion and hydration levels between prebuilt and self-assembly simulations (Table ). Additionally, the self-assembly simulations did not achieve a neutral core in terms of neutralizing ions, likely due to the limitations of the reaction-field method used for electrostatics. Ion translocation through the LNP can also be a slow process. Water molecules in the core equilibrate relatively quickly (Figure ), whereas ions require a longer time to reach equilibrium, highlighting the importance of considering ion dynamics in the initial structure.