where T and P correspond to the temperature and pressure, R is the molar gas constant, c I 1 and c II 1 are the molar or mass concentration (moles/volume or mass/volume) of the solute in phase I and II, respectively, ∆ G solv 1,I and ∆ G solv 1,II are the solvation free energy in phase I and II, respectively, and ∆ G tran 1,II→I is the transfer free energy from phase II to I. In assuming the solute is infinitely dilute, the partition coefficient is a measure of the relative solute-solvent interactions, while minimizing any effect the solute may have on the liquid-liquid equilibrium of the two phases. For example, the partitioning of a solute between 1-octanol and water can be used to characterize the lipophilic/hydrophilic balance of a solute, and is an important parameter for biological systems . For this reason, the prediction of octanol/water partition coefficients remains an important component of the SAMPL (Statistic Analysis of the Modeling of Proteins and Ligands) physical property prediction challenges .