In this study, the X-lab code in Avizo was used to analyse the effect of the heterogeneous CBD microstructure on the resistance to electron flow. These results were obtained by performing diffusive flux-based simulation on the electrically conductive CBD phase based on the arbitrary bulk conductivity of 1.0 S m -1 . [16]Figure (g) displays the effect of microstructure on the distribution of voltage across the electrode in the through-plane direction at any given instance.