ANI-1x and ANI-2x properly predict the lowest energy angle for biphenyl while Colorful CNN predicts 45 to be a local, but not global, minima. FCHL improperly predicts rotation energies as seen in Figure , predicting 0 , 180 , and 180 to be the lowest energy dihedrals. All of the methods over-predicted the height of the energy barrier for biphenyl.