These challenges highlight the need for innovative approaches to junction fabrication-ones that balance durability, precision, and scalability to pave the way for breakthroughs in both fundamental science and practical applications. Till now various approaches, including mechanically applied top contacts such as floating-on ready-made pads, dielectrophoretic trapping of gold nanowires, hanging mercury drops, Indium-Gallium eutectic cones or microfluidic arrays, have been employed. Mechanical deposition of contacts often raises concerns regarding contact quality and reproducibility and especially the control over the electrically active contact area (as a fraction of the geometric one). Reducing the dimensions of one of the electrodes decreases the last problem. A special type of mechanical contact is the use of an electrically conducting AFM tip for conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) to make temporary metal/molecule/metal junctions. Here reproducibility remains a challenge, as maintaining known consistent contact areas across multiple measurements is difficult. Molecular break junctions (MBJ) provide another route for creating (lateral) metal/molecule/metal junctions but are limited to one or very few molecules, and as the molecules get longer the signal decreases. In general, MBJ exhibits a very broad statistical distribution, necessitating extensive data collection for accurate characterization, which makes it a useful tool for fundamental research. Hitherto only the very special protein ferritin could be studied in this way. The method, as applied to proteins involves large uncertainties as to how the proteins are attached to the electrodes, severely limiting general use with proteins.