Surface modification of live cells has many biological applications including imaging, control of cell-surface interactions, tracking, and sensing biological environments in vitro and in vivo. , Recently, cell surface functionalization has received significant attention from researchers and clinicians perhaps due to several biomedical applications. , Several methods have been developed to functionalize the cell surface with cargo vehicles and therapeutic agents. Most popular conjugation methods include hydrophobic anchoring, chemoselective conjugation, PEGylation 26 etc. Live cell surface modification is done to date show limited-time stability and may affect their desired function. For example, the overall stability for PEG-lipids conjugation on the cell surface was no longer than 1-2 days before all the PEG molecules dissociated from the cell surface. Furthermore, incorporating a hydrophobic chain in the polymer scaffold results in uptake by the cells affecting normal cell function. On the other hand, metal-free covalent conjugation of live cells by chemoselective reactions on transmembrane proteins provides slightly longer stability of the surface conjugation. but results in toxic effects and disruption of normal cellular function due to non-specific binding of the cargo molecules with other amine groups on membrane proteins. Finally, there are also limitations in the development of nanoparticlesbased cell-conjugates for in vivo cell therapy. For example, nanoparticles cause toxic side effects after entrapment in the reticuloendothelial system of the liver and spleen and the bio-compatibility of synthetic nanoparticles made from inorganic materials raises a major concern for translation. Cell-based therapeutics have received significant attention in modern medicine because of their ability to treat intractable diseases such as cancer. Therapeutic cells, such as T cells or Chimeric Antigen Receptor Tcells (CAR-Ts) are promising for the treatment of diseases that currently are not curable by traditional small molecule drugs or biologics. However, one of the greatest challenges associated with these "living" drugs is their manufacturing. If more efficient time-economic biomanufacturing technologies can be developed for large-scale cellular therapeutic production, more patients could be treated with these lifesaving therapeutics. Therapeutic cells, such as tumor infiltrated lymphocytes, and CAR-Ts have been used as immunotherapeutic "drugs." Biomanufacturing of these cells is a labor-intensive process and any enhancement to reduce the ex vivo expansion time is desirable for large-scale cost-effective production of therapeutic cells. We hypothesized that if a macromolecular or polymer linker is designed with dual bond-forming moieties such as a cationic moiety for non-covalent bonding and phosphate functionality for covalent bonding, one side of this linker can conjugate the surface of one cell while the other side of that same linker can conjugate the surface of another cell. Such a linker would increase cellcell interactions enhancing the proliferation of cells -leading to an efficient and effective method for enhancing cell biomanufacturing (schematically shown in Figure ).