The widespread adoption of orthophosphate based plumbosolvency treatment in the UK has been enormously successful in delivering major reductions in lead concentrations and compliance with the revised European standards . There are now two major challenges in dealing with the lead issue. One challenge is the re-optimisation in treatment so as to improve operational efficiency while maintaining performance and reducing the risk of potential environmental impacts of phosphate dosing. The other long-term challenge is to deliver lead pipe replacement strategies programmes. The ability to re-optimise treatment will be examined from the viewpoint of compliance and whether such data can be used to inform lead pipe replacement strategies that will be required over the coming decades to eliminate lead pipes as a health risk issue.