Figure shows the various steps associated with this method. First, we need to perform battery sizing given the mass of a truck based on Section 2.1. We start with the average payload plus trailer mass of 41,473 lbs (18.8 tonnes) based on 2002 VIUS data set for class 8 trucks with a sleeper cab, the tractor mass (15,830 lbs, 7.18 tonnes from Tong et al. , Earl et al. , U.S. Department of Energy 49 ), and a guess for the battery mass initialized to zero. With the computed energy demand we calculate the new battery mass based on the energy density of battery packs. This battery mass is then used as the input to the next iteration until it converges within the set tolerance (1 lbs, 0.45 kg). If the resulting vehicle mass exceeds the federal limit of 80,000 lbs (36.29 tonnes), we set the vehicle mass to the allowed limit and compute the battery mass accordingly. In all iterations, the new mass of the trucks increases the power requirement (see Eq. 1), causing an increase in the total amount of energy that must be delivered to wheels to complete the drive cycle for an average payload.