The potential for targeted delivery of drugs using NPs was ushered in by the discovery of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, whereby nanomedicines preferentially accumulate within tumors due to their leaky vasculature . As a result, approximately two-thirds of research on nanomedicines has been focused on the development of cancer therapies . Likewise, the ability of NPs to protect encapsulated cargo has led to increased research interest in nanomedicines as carriers for biopharmaceuticals, which are often difficult to adequately deliver through conventional strategies. This is exemplified by the success of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) as vehicles to deliver messenger RNA (mRNA) in the mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines . With over 2.8 billion doses administered to date , the widespread adoption of the mRNA vaccines has resulted in an explosion of research interest, investment, and growth of the nanomedicine subsector. Indeed, nanotechnologies have been used to address all facets of the pandemic, from point-of-care diagnostics to novel biomaterials for disease prevention . This growth is not expected to slow down anytime soon. Prior to the pandemic, the nanomedicine market was projected to be worth over 293 billion USD by 2022, and reach about 350 billion USD in 2025 . During the pandemic, estimates place the value of the market at approximately 475 billion USD by 2027 . The current and anticipated success of the nanomedicine sector cumulates more than three decades of fundamental research on lipid-and polymer-based nanoformulations of small molecules, nucleic acids, and other biopharmaceuticals. To date, such nanomedicines (i.e., organic NPs) comprise at least 30 FDA-approved drug formulations (Table ).