The resulting plan-view cells were fixed to a cantilever bar using Loctite 401 adhesive. For the experiment shown in Fig. , a 1/8" thick, 1" wide, 2' long 6061 aluminum bar (McMaster, Elmhurst, Illinois, United States) was used. All other experiments used 1/2" thick, 1" wide, 2' long acrylic bars (McMaster, Elmhurst, Illinois, United States). A strain gauge was fixed to the cantilever in a manner identical to the cell. The adhesive was allowed to cure for 3 hours. Following this, the bar was fixed to a rigid frame as shown in Fig. . The cell and strain gauge were located approximately 18" from the free end of the cantilever. Tungsten probe tips were inserted into the Li metal electrodes so as to provide an electrical connection to a VMP-3 Potentiostat (Biologic, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA). This electrical connection permitted controlled electrochemical cycling within the glovebox.