Prior to production, the systems underwent 5000 energy minimization steps, followed by equilibration for 10 ns using a 10 fs time step. The production runs for each system were carried out for 10 µs. Throughout the simulations, the temperatures of the lipids and solvent (including Ca²⁺) were independently maintained at 300 K using the vrescale 198 thermostat (τt = 1 ps), and the pressure was kept at 1 bar using the crescale 191 barostat (τp = 4 ps) with semi-isotropic pressure coupling applied during both equilibration and production phases 191 . Compressibility was set to 3 × 10 -4 bar -1 .