Direct comparison of the FFV is made using Eq. 2 and Ref. 52. The table reveals that Another important comparison we make is the separation performance, that is, the permeability and perm-selectivity of a membrane. Here, two sets of simulated results are reported in Tab. 2. The first set, denoted with a superscript a, represents simulations involving a gas mixture. Here, the inlet control volume is set to 1 bar and contains 85% N 2 and 15% CO 2 , replicating conditions similar to flue gas from coal power plants. This setup aims to approximate membrane performance in a realistic process environment.