In addition, they are effective biopesticides that prevent stored product pests from feeding with moderate or high efficiency. Moreover, the elongation of the alkyl chain in the quinine-derived cation, allows for synthesis of new QASs with potent disinfectant properties, albeit at the expense of their increased toxicity to aquatic organisms. Therefore, it should be emphasized that quinine-based cations that determine antimicrobial activity are also toxic to multiple classes of aquatic organisms and, despite their higher biocompatibility, should be treated as emerging pollutants like conventional QAS disinfectants currently in use. From the above, it also follows that new QASs such as 1-butylquininium L-asparaginate (1Asp)inactive against microorganisms and low-toxic, but with favorable antifeedant activityoffer a potentially safer alternative as dedicated biopesticides in applications where the disinfectant activity of new QASs is not required.