Technological innovations are the single most promising tools for mitigating climate change and its associated negative implications. According to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), during the last decade, the average annual anthropogenic CO 2 emissions reached an all-time high of 10.9±0.9 PgC, equivalent to 40.0±3.3 Gt of CO 2 per year. With a share of 86±14% the majority originates from the combustion of fossil fuels, the principal contributor to climate change . After discussions on phasing out fossil fuels repeatedly ended inconclusively at the United Nations Conference of the Parties (COP), a consensus in favor of transitioning away from fossil fuels was finally reached at COP28 . However, the State of Climate Action Report 2023 shows that efforts to mitigate climate change fall dramatically short on a global scale and urges further action . On top of that, annual emissions have been rising steadily across all major groups of greenhouse gases (GHGs) . It is still to be expected that due to the coupling between economic growth and energy consumption, a relation often referred to as the energy-growth nexus , fossil fuels will remain a major source for meeting demand in many countries for years to come.