However, the energy requirements for pretreatment by dewatering could be problematic for sustained operation in locations with frequent electricity blackouts. For the treatment of source-separated excreta, the greater emptying requirements for the urine-diverting dry toilets and materials necessary for liquid treatment may not always be feasible, particularly in remote contexts. The characterization of these trade-offs helps navigate decision-making in the deployment of OP technology and highlight key areas of potential improvement in its sustainability.