Novel Therapeutic Applications of Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Enhancing Neurological Regeneration and Repair thrombolysis and thrombectomy can reduce damage if administered promptly, they are inaccessible to many patients due to the limited therapeutic window. The central nervous system's (CNS) limited capacity for regeneration exacerbates the challenges in treating these conditions. Neuronal loss, whether from chronic neurodegeneration or acute ischemic injury, is notoriously difficult to reverse. The damaged CNS microenvironment, characterized by chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and the absence of supportive trophic factors, creates significant barriers to repair. Traditional therapies have focused on slowing damage progression, but effective regenerative treatments remain elusive.