DNA denaturation is also important for many other practical applications such as gel electrophoresis, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, and sequencing by denaturation. There are also some new directions for using partially or completely denatured DNA. Namely, it is becoming important for nanotechnology, creating nanodevices, 5 medical applications such as new drug delivery systems, studying drug-DNA interactions, analyzing forensic evidence, making functional DNA sensors including metal sensing, and designing molecular memories. These techniques are based on the hybridization process for complementary nucleic acid strands. This process involves the denaturation and subsequent renaturation of DNA. Thus, studying DNA denaturation is essential not only for improving our knowledge of biological processes, advancing bioanalytical techniques, and improving molecular diagnostic methods, but also for other medical applications, forensic evidence, DNA-based sensors, and nanodevice-related applications.