GDL is a significant component of PEMFCs, and their properties affect their performance . investigated the impact of external factors. They reported that the porosity of GDL is the most important factor for water and oxygen distribution. Son et al. analyzed the impact of directional permeability on the performance of three PEMFCs with parallel, interdigitated, and serpentine flow fields. The parallel flow field showed the lowest dependence on the direction of permeability. Yue et al. studied the impact of hydrophobicity of GDL on the distribution of produced water. It was observed that implementing a hybrid hydrophobic area of GDL under channels enhances water management. The effect of GDL structure on water management was investigated by Shangguan et al. . They reconstructed the geometry o GDL based on the stochastic parameter method. They showed that the distribution of GDL porosity and its contact angle significantly changed the produced water distribution. The GDL region with high porosity tends to accumulate liquid water.