We have discussed the intrinsic link between the engineered defects and the gas encapsulation kinetics, informing the benefits of structural defects as the path-openings for gas migration into the water lattice for fast gas encapsulation. Such defect-enabled gas mobility opens up a prospect for manipulating gas encapsulation in solid water lattices for novel applications in low-carbon economies ( Tuning the lattice defects: It is predicted that a desired level of dopant-induced defects in the water lattice can be achieved by tuning the molecular structure of the dopants, their dosages and the temperature (Fig ). Nguyen et al indicated that dopants with greater capability of hydrogen-bonding induce a larger extent of defects in the water lattice. They exemplified the cases of cyclopentane, THF and 1,3-dioxolane those have similar molecular structures (shapes, sizes and weights), but differences in hydrogen-bonding capability. Cyclopentane has no polar sites and thus has no hydrogen-bonding capability. Hence, cyclopentane causes no defects in the host lattice (Fig ). THF has one ethereal oxygen atom as a hydrogen-bonding site. Dioxolane has two ethereal oxygen atoms as hydrogenbonding sites. Therefore, 1,3-dioxolane possesses a stronger hydrogen-bonding capability and induces more defects in the host lattice compared to THF. Note that lattice defects destabilize the host structure and reduce the thermodynamic stability of the hydrate structure. This discussion is supported by and provides explanation for the decrease of the equilibrium dissociation temperature (T e ) of these hydrate structures in a sequence of cyclopentane clathrate (T e = 280.8 K, the most thermodynamically stable), THF clathrate (277.0 K) and 1,3-dioxolane clathrate (270.1 K, the least thermodynamically stable). This simple example indicates an ability to control the defects of the host lattice by tuning the molecular structure of the dopants. Besides, the dosages of dopants and the temperature are other tunable factors to manipulate the defects in the host lattice. Likewise, lattice defects can also be manipulated via irradiation approaches by tuning the irradiation types and their intensity ( Fig 10). In practice, lattice defects can be quantified using NMR experiments and computer simulations and, then, correlat ed with gas enclathration kinetics. The gained knowledge provides hints to tailoring conditions (dopants or irradiations) for controlling the gas enclathration.