hybridized carbon, while the high-pressure release of gaseous by-products transforms the structure into a highly macroporous network . Previous studies of LIG mechanisms have found the standard gases formed are mostly attributed to H2O, N2, H2, and CO . In order to encourage pyrolysis and carbonization of the residual carbon over combustion and decomposition, the film was first treated with a catalytic amount of diluted boric acid that acts a flame retardant under oxygen-rich ambient conditions and is washed out after the lasing process. The boric acid functions as a heat sink and also aids the formation of glassy coating, improving in char formation, flame dilution, and the formation of less combustible gases . This method was inspired by use of flame retardants in a similar process using lignocellulosic biomass that was shown to successfully circumvent combustion by multiple lasing and encourage formation of 3D porous conductive carbon structures . Supplementary figure shows the dramatic effect of the addition of a flame retardant, with SEM imaging showing the non-porous structure received and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis conducted showing the extremely high resistance of the resulting composite. These findings coincide with past research into the synthesis of such structures using a diverse range of carbon precursors, including several bio-carbon sources . Although these transformations have been predominantly derived from aromatic carbon precursors, previous studies that created laserinduced conductive carbon from heterocyclic structures such as cellulose or gelatin (derived from collagen) show that use of non-aromatic carbon precursors for such transformations can be achieved. Several studies have found the composition of dry jellyfish organic biomass to be similar across most species and predominantly contain a variety of proteins (~80%), mostly Type I and Type II collagen and Q-mucin glycoproteins, along with various lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids and estimated carbon contents of up to 41% . Given the substantial and partially heterocyclic carbon structures present in collagen and Q-mucin glycoproteins that are abundant in jellyfish biomass, as well as the wide variety of other biological materials present, these constituents presented promising candidates for creation of a conductive three-dimensional porous matrix via laser irradiation. It is important to recognize that the obtained results are non-trivial and are significantly influenced by the laser irradiation conditions, including lasing speeds, spot sizes, multiplicity of lasing passes and laser powers, which can yield different fluence levels (J/cm 2 ). For battery applications, achievement of a full transformation throughout the electrode thickness is imperative in order to insure optimal electrical contact. Attaining the optimal balance between these parameters is crucial, as different ratios may potentially result in no reaction, combustion or decomposition of the precursor, material ablation, or partial depth of transformation . HRSEM imaging of the optimization process under different laser fluences is presented in supplementary figure showing the importance of full penetration depth of the lasing process in order to not have an insulating base layer between the conductive carbon and current collector. It can be seen that at lower fluences, only partial depth of transformation is achieved, and accordingly the depth increases with an increase in the fluence. Multiplicity of lasing passes is also seen to be vital in achieving maximum transformation.