where Ccapital, CO&M, and Csorbent refer to the capital, operation & maintenance, and sorbent costs, respectively ($/year or $/lifetime), and NCO2 is the cumulative amount of CO2 captured (t-CO2/year or t-CO2/lifetime). The main components within the capital cost are the blowers, vacuum pumps, contactor infrastructure (e.g., silica support, polymer, module housing), downstream compression and purification, and auxiliary equipment (e.g., sorbent handling, instrumentation and control systems, buildings). Operation and maintenance costs include utilities (electricity for blowers, vacuum pumps, downstream processes, and thermal energy for sorbent regeneration) and non-energy costs, such as labor, transportation, and storage. Sorbent costs encompass active material expenses and replacement.