Moreover, we can expect that another factor can change the production of formic acid in that interface: the thermal insulation of the inorganic barrier. As shown here, warmer temperature on both sides of the vent-ocean interface contributes to higher rates of the CO2 electrochemical reduction. This condition is expected to occur when thermal insulation is low enough, which can occur in regions of the vent system with thin barriers or closer to regions where serpentinization is occurring. On the other hand, on distant regions or where there is low serpentinization activity, thus cooler temperatures, very little CO2 reduction can be expected, despite the presence of natural electrochemical gradients. In cases of high thermal insulation of the mineral, a temperature gradient (hot vent/cool ocean) is nearly as effective as the allhot scenario.