Nanosensors in health monitoring: Nanosensors can efficiently detect specific biomolecules such as proteins, DNA, RNA, or metabolites and their altered levels by precisely monitoring biomolecular processes, including antibody and antigen interactions, enzyme interactions, and cellular communication activities. Subtle changes in their levels could be indicative of healthrelated issues. Biosensors are used to detect biological markers, perform continuous monitoring of biological parameters, detect specific proteins, and detect nanomechanical changes in cells. Similarly, nanosensors can also be used to perform pH monitoring in bodily fluids such as sweat or urinal fluids which can aid in monitoring conditions such as acidosis and alkalosis which could be indicative of underlying health issues. In addition, engineered nanoparticles can also be used to develop imaging agents that can bind to specific targeting ligands to detect abnormalities at minute levels which can help in the early detection of diseases such as cancers, 177 and cardiovascular disease. For efficient management of diabetes, nanosensors can be injected into the skin or can be used as a wearable device for continuous glucose monitoring. Nanosensors are also being developed that can perform metabolite detection from bodily fluids such as sweat, blood, urine, plasma, etc. Nanofabricated sensors can also be implanted in eyes to monitor intraocular pressure which can be important for managing conditions such as glaucoma. In addition, biotoxins such as anthrax and smallpox can be detected by nansosensors at minute levels with possible applications in in security and military operations. Portable nanobiosensors are also being used to develop point-of-care diagnostics for faster and efficient detection, monitoring and/or managing health related conditions 184 indicating the usability of nanosensors in the field of health monitoring and healthcare.