The composition and relative abundance of proteins eluted from the polystyrene latex nanoparticles was analysed with two-dimensional sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Two approaches were used to perform SDS-PAGE analysis. In brief, following the quantification of the total protein content eluted from isolated polystyrene nanoparticles, the first protocol loaded 20 µg of protein content onto each lane of a Mini-Protean 4-20 % Pre-cast gel. The second approach, used a quantity of sample corresponding to 20 µL in each gel lane (no normalization of total protein concentration across all samples). The Kaleidoscope weight markers (10-250 kDa, Bio-Rad, Hertfordshire, UK, #1610375) was used for all SDS-PAGE runs. The QC Colloidal Coomassie Stain was used for overnight gel staining at (4 ˚C), and then washed overnight with the water being changed three times as per manufacturer instructions. The gels were imaged using the Bio-RAD Gel Doc EZ imaging system.