As targeted analyses typically probe for the presence or abundance levels of "marker" metabolites, they are blind to adulteration outside of the probed very narrow (i.e., targeted) chemical window. In contrast, untargeted analysis has the capability of reaching outside this window. Distinguishing between acceptable and unacceptable differences can utilize detailed knowledge of natural variation (e.g., using a body of reference data from authentic materials, with visual or chemometric evaluation), but can also involve the recognition of more or less prominent analytical features that are either missing or extraneous or both. Examples of potentially missing features are the total absence of the signals for Curcuma oleoresins in CDS; examples of extraneous features are the presence of signals of aromatic compounds that are incompatible with the expected natural chemistry, such as those of synthetic precursors.