We first analyze the production costs and carbon footprints for all the materials in the framework, including the feedstocks, intermediate products, and final products, as shown in Figure . We note that the bio-based products have higher production costs compared to their petroleum-based counterparts. This can be attributed to the lower yield and higher processing cost of the technology converting biomass to chemicals. The production cost for the bio-based plastic can be 11% -229% higher than the plastic derived from fossil fuels. On the other hand, the production of bio-based products emit much less carbon dioxide than their petroleum-based counterparts due to the ability of carbon absorption by biomass. The negative carbon footprints indicate some of the bio-based products can sequester carbon dioxide when manufactured. In this way, plastics can serve as a vessel for storing carbon. Overall, all the bio-based products in this framework have higher production costs but lower GHG emissions.