between advective and diffusive mass transport, electrochemical charge transfer, and ionic and electronic conduction is inherent to electrochemical flow cells. While electrode architecture often varies, understanding and optimizing electrolyte flow through porous electrodes are unifying goals. Of specific interest is the minimization of losses that arise via pumping electrolyte through porous media, electrical resistance within the electrode, and charge transfer resistance between electrolyte and electrode. Minimizing these distinct loss mechanisms typically requires design trade-offs between hydraulic permeability, electrode conductance, and specific surface area.