One of the more natural directions forward of course involves the coupling of 1pmkm with elaborate transport models, in an obvious attempt to exploit the "best of both worlds". Although there is no real practical bottleneck to conducting such simulations, it represents an interdisciplinary challenge, closely intertwining the fields of theoretical ) with a 2D flow cell geometry that treats the catalyst as an active strip . The resulting mechanistic insight was found similar to that obtained in the original study by Ringe , thus highlighting the potential to further explore the effect of different geometries and flow conditions. Also within our group, efforts are already underway to expand the 1D concept of surface roughness to an explicit 2D or 3D geometry within the "desorption-re-adsorption-reaction" mechanism. Similarly, the concepts to couple spatially resolved kinetic Monte Carlo mkms to transport have also been established years ago for thermal catalysis and only wait to be employed within the context of heterogeneous electrocatalysis. These and similar advances will undoubtedly strengthen our understanding of detailed reaction mechanisms under (practical) operating conditions, while simultaneously allowing to gauge the level of detail that is required to be accounted for. The continued development of improved transport and kinetic models, along with accelerated ways to couple the two, thus offers a lot of promise in bridging the gap between atomistic processes at the electrified interface and mesoscale transport processes.