The error bars for 𝑡 ̅ in Figure represent standard errors of the mean, calculated from Eq. S2 with population size 𝑛 = 3 . The errors shown for 𝑐̅ ?,.@? and 𝑐̅ K,.@? in Figures and account for standard errors (Eq. S2) and averaged prediction errors (Eq. S4), which were added in quadrature to yield combined standard uncertainties (Eq. S6). Both 𝑡 ̅ and 𝑐̅ ?,.@? show an overall increase with 𝑐̅ K(B),.@? , which reflects the trends observed in the individual datasets, with an initial decrease in 𝑐̅ ?,.@? with 𝑐̅ K(B),.@? at the start of the experiment. However, Figure also shows overlapping error bars for 𝑐̅ ?,.@? in this region, suggesting that the respective 𝑐̅ ?,.@? values are not necessarily significantly different from one another. Figure S7. Variation of the mean nopinone concentration of a 5 ml permeate batch, 𝑐̅ ?,.@? , collected from a membrane feed solution with log mean nopinone concentration 𝑐̅ K(B),.@? .