All DFT calculations in this work were performed using the Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package (VASP) version 5.4. Titanicone films were modelled on an anatase TiO2 (101) surface with a coverage of 1 ML OH, rutile TiO2 (110) surface with a coverage of 0.75 ML OH, and an Al2O3 (0001) surface at a coverage 0.50 ML OH. [50] These surface models interact with titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and tetrakis(dimethylamido)titanium (Ti(DMA)4) inorganic precursors and then ethylene glycol (EG) and glycerol (GL) organic co-reactants.