Lateral flow devices were prepared through assembly of cellulose fibre sample pads (1 cm x 1 cm, Millipore) for solvent absorption and wicking, glass fibre conjugation pads (1 cm x 1 cm, Millipore) for sample deposition, and HiFlow Plus membrane (1 cm/4 cm, 90 s/4 cm, Millipore), on the surface of adhesive laminated printing paper (see supporting information, Figure &). A streptavidin suspension (10 mg/mL) was deposited half way up the lateral flow membrane to capture disaggregated gold nanoparticles functionalised with Sequence-B. Sample of test solution (20 µL) containing gold-aptamernanoconstructs and test sample of target enteroviral sequence were deposited on the sample pad of the lateral flow test strips, which were placed in 1 mL of running buffer, composed of sodium chloride (600 mM) and tris acetate (25 mM) in deionised water (18.2 MΩ.cm).