Subsequently, a PU pore was cut out and placed into the screw thread in the same way. The diameter of the PU pore was 50 m, and 20 m diameter particles were added to the solution. In the presence of flow through the fluidic chip translocations were observed. A current trace is shown in figures 4a,b. The pulse rate was dependent upon the flow rate, and in the absence of flow, when the fluidic chip was filled with the particles, some translocation events could still be observed (figure ). The translocation speed, measured by the pulse width, was much slower in the absence of flow (figures 4b, d). The ability to see translocation in the absence of flow is likely due to the particles settling to the bottom of the device and entering the pores via gravity (figure ). Given the large size of the particles and pore, the likelihood is that the particles are driven through the pore via convection rather than EP. The larger PU pore size allowed the fluid to flow through the pore as well as the outlet of the fluidic chip. This facilitated the translocations observed in the PU sensor 2. As the pore diameter for sensor 2 becomes is reduced i.e. with <1 m for SiN and SiO2 pores, the flow of liquid via convection through the pore is smaller, favouring the outlet tube in the device. Closing the outlet of the device and forcing the fluid flow through the SiN pores, resulted in the pores breaking/ cracking under the pressure. An alternative material used in RPS methods is the pulled glass pipette, or glass nanopore membrane, GNM. A GNM was mounted into the screw thread shown in figures 2a and 5a, respectively. Alongside the pipettes or GNM's we mounted an alternative exit tube to allow the main liquid flow to exit out of the screw thread next to the pipette RPS sensor. This enabled the samples to be drawn over the glass RPS sensing zone despite the recess from the main channel. The ends of the pipettes and GNM's were also connected to a syringe that allowed liquid to be pulled from the main fluidic chamber through the RPS material, or vice versa (figure -vi), a full schematic of the device with its components is shown in figure . Figure shows the particle count rate for a 990 nm diameter GNM sensor 2 with 300 nm diameter particles in the sample liquid. Translocation events were observed instantly as the sample was flowed through the device. Where the flow rate through the main channel increased, the translocation frequency also increased, figure . Halting the flow, resulted in a decrease in translocation events, but did not result in a loss of the signal altogether as the particles can move through the RPS sensors via a combination of EO and EP, grey line figure . This suggests the device could also be used as an injection loop to measure samples in the absence of flow. The velocity through the GNM, measured by the full width at half maximum (FWHM), also illustrates the effect of the flowing solution. In the absence of a flow, the particles traverse the sensor relatively slowly with a FWHM of 0.5ms, upon the addition of the flow the FWHM decrease to 0.12ms. The velocity does not decrease further as the flow rate goes from 0.5 to 0.75 mL/min. The decrease in FWHM suggests the presence of some additional convection through the pore. The pulse magnitude decreases from 0.26nA to 0.21nA as the flow rate through the main channel increases, the cause for this is not clear, figure .