mAbs are the largest fraction 8 and are used primarily as immunotherapeutics, for targeted delivery 9 and cancer vaccines. 10 Generally, therapeutic proteins are produced in bioreactors using recombinant cell lines, 11 and are often lyophilised or frozen for storage. One of the key challenges facing protein biotherapeutics is their conformational and colloidal stability, as formulation and storage conditions can induce aggregation and agglomeration 12 during both freezing and rethawing or resuspending.