The first web-instantiated curated resource, BindingDB, was published in 2001 . This was followed by the IUPHAR Ion Channels Compendium of papers in 2003. This had developed into the IUPHAR-DB website by 2009 and was updated to the current IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology (GtoPdb) by 2012 . That same year also saw the first ChEMBL publication for which the website was live by 2010 . All three of these resources focus on expert-curated DARCP extractions from the literature. In addition, PubChem, first appearing in 2004 has now become the de facto global hub for DARCP because all the three databases above submit their structures that are integrated with ~700 other sources .