Sugar concentrations (Glucose, cellobiose, xylose, mannose and arabinose) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a Waters Breeze system equipped with a refractive index detector and a Rezex 8% Ca 2+ Monosaccharide 300 x 7.80 mm HPLC column using 2.5 mM H2SO4 as the eluent with a flow rate of 0.5 mL min -1 (at 75°C). The response factors for the sugars were determined by calibration of aqueous sugar solutions with known amounts of sugar.