Human society has been plagued by infectious diseases at different stages of development . It could be said that the history of human development is an epic against infectious diseases. Most infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microbes, including bacterium, fungus and virus. In the 14 th century, the Black Death caused by Yersinia pestis, raged for three centuries across the continent of Europe, killing more than 25 million people . Since 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly worldwide, infected nearly 700 million people and caused almost 7 million death . Although medical level and epidemic prevention measures have been substantially improved, infectious disease is still a great threat to human health.