To achieve linear scaling, an ingenious hierarchical treecode scheme is adopted in which the simulation box is recursively subdivided, and the coarseness of the simulation cell used to represent interacting groups is proportional to their separation distance. The FMM has been recognized as one of the top ten algorithms, however its linear scaling comes at the cost of a high computational prefactor, primarily due to the need to evaluate and translate potentials at each sub-box due to distant neighbor boxes.