Depending on the sign of ST, the thermophoretic behavior of a colloid will be thermophobic (positive ST) or thermophilic (negative ST). This coefficient is typically on the order of ST ≈ 0.01 -10 K -1 depending on the object size and other properties, such as solute-solvent interactions, salinity, solute concentration, surface properties, temperature, etc . Unfortunately, ST is not easily predicted and has only been measured for a limited number of colloids .