A TEA was conducted by Tozlu et al who utilized thermodynamic and economic analysis methods. The focus was on biogas to methanol conversion, where biogas was purified using water washing. Hydrogen was produced from a PEM electrolyzer powered by solar PV. A hybrid system was then employed to produce methanol. The study concluded that the power required for methanol production was 2923 kW, predominantly sourced from the PEM system.