Lastly, the total DOS, shown in the rightmost panels of Figure , demonstrates the dominance of Ti 3d states near the Fermi level, with O 2p states being confined to lower energy levels. The presence of the mid-gap states can increase the number of electron charge carriers in the system. The availability of additional charge carriers enhances the conductivity of the TiO2 surface, which could be particularly beneficial for metallic catalysts deposited on this reduced TiO2 support. Improved conductivity would facilitate electron transfer between the TiO2 support and the catalyst, potentially enhancing catalytic efficiency .