Figure : T3SS general structure with color-coded and labeled sections In Salmonella, the Salmonella Pathogenicity (SPI-1) virulence factor codes for the T3SS that enables bacterial invasion into host cells, where SPI-1 delivered effectors restructure the cytoskeleton of the host cell to force phagocytosis of the Salmonella pathogen . This process is critically dependent on the hexameric ATPase in the cytoplasmic complex, which is known as InvC in Salmonella. InvC is composed primarily of three folded domains: the N-terminal involved in the oligomerization of InvC 14 ; the conserved ATPase catalytic domain; and the C-terminal, which is potentially involved in recognizing chaperone-effector complexes . InvC plays a role in recognizing and binding the chaperone-effector complex, catalyzing ATP-fueled effector removal, and unfolding effectors in preparation for secretion . It is vital for Salmonella proliferation, for strains with loss-of-function mutant InvC were unable to successfully invade intestinal epithelial cells after the catalytic phosphate-binding loop motif (P-loop) was modified .