The primary source of water used by humans is for agricultural irrigation, industrial purposes, and personal consumption. Human activities, both direct and indirect, are increasingly affecting water quality, making it more unfit for use day by day. Consequently, water quality has become a global problem . The deterioration of river water quality is caused by natural processes and human activities, particularly the discharge of industrial, agricultural, and domestic wastes into rivers. A significant portion of river water quality is impacted by these wastes . The health of water ecosystems depends on the variety of organisms and their physiochemical characteristics . Certain healthcare issues and a major loss in biological diversity have arisen due to the adverse impact of pollution in waterways. Consequently, aquatic life is expected to be more significantly affected than terrestrial life Any negligent disposal or dumping of waste, including hazardous chemicals, into rivers leads to severe environmental damage and distress to the biological communities inhabiting those waterways . Water pollution adversely affects human health, disrupts aquatic ecosystems, and hampers social and economic development . The increasing problem of toxic pollution and eutrophication is generally related to point and non-point sources of pollution . Research indicates that global water quality issues are due to both anthropogenic and natural activities that affect water quality, such as temperature and precipitation (Y. . Highly toxic and hazardous chemicals or compounds present in water readily combine with or are retained by immovable or organic matter within rivers. These compounds settle near the lower part of the area, where they are stored with impurities and low concentrations of compounds that are not easily soluble or compatible The care of both the quality and quantity of water is required for its use by humans and the surrounding environment . Without fresh water of good quality and adequate quantity, sustainable development is impossible (M. . Good and healthy water is an essential requirement for public health, current water management, and future preparation to address pollution . Seasonal changes describe the quality of surface water, playing an important role in assessing pollution changes in particular areas over time, whether naturally occurring or influenced by human activities such as urban, agricultural, industrial, and domestic wastewater; sewage from metropolitan centers; small electroplating workshops; repair shops; hospitals; and medical and scientific laboratories. Therefore, regular monitoring and identifying water quality requires a good management system for maintaining healthy life. This method provides information about the current condition and situation of local water, including the quality of river water and its regular changes . The rising development of industries has led to an increase in toxic pollution in rivers, as these industries often discharge waste into waterways. Seasonal analysis of water quality samples helps identify natural and man-made sources of pollution, including metal plating, repair works, hospitals, industries, laboratories, medical equipment, domestic wastes, and agricultural wastewater. These are essential contributors to point and non-point sources of water pollution. The results of such analyses can help minimize pollution problems in rivers resulting from mining and industrial activities. Consuming polluted water can cause diseases such as diarrhoea, cholera, dysentery, typhoid, amoebiasis, jaundice, and infections by Enterobacteriaceae . A significant global effort to address environmental issues began with the UN Conference held in June 1972 in Stockholm, focusing on the environment and human health. Since then, concepts related to eco-friendly environments and sustainable practices have become central to policy-making worldwide to protect the environment from pollution . The increase in water pollution worldwide has led to numerous deaths and diseases, with approximately 14,000 people dying each year due to water pollution . Both developed and developing countries face problems related to water pollution .