The additional synthesis for LiCoO2 materials listed in Supplementary Fig. (a)-(f) were synthesized according to the literature. LCO(a) was prepared using a molten salt synthesis of KCl with CoO: LiOH×H2O:KCl mol ratio 1:1:4 at 850°C for 8 hrs 37 ; LCO(b) was prepared by mixing Co oxalate precursor with 5% weight excess LiOH×H2O in Agate mortar followed by calcination at 500 °C and 900 °C. The Co oxalate precursor was prepared by precipitation method by slowly adding stoichiometric equivalent of H2C2O4×2H2O in ethanol to 0.2 M Co(CH3COO)2 in ethanol. The recovered Co oxalate precursor was centrifuged and washed three in water and twice in ethanol . LCO(c) was prepared using a molten salt synthesis of KCl with CoO: LiOH×H2O:KCl mol ratio 1:1:1mol ratio 1:1 at 850°C for 8 hrs 37 ; LCO(d) was prepared by mixing Li2CoO3 and Co3O4 (Alfa, 99.7%) in Agate mortar followed by sintering at 1000 °C and 900 °C36 ; LCO(e) was prepared using a molten salt synthesis of KNO3 with CoO:LiOH×H2O:KNO3 mol ratio 1:1:3 at 800 °C for 8 hr 39 ; and LCO(f) was prepared by high energy ball milling LCO (MTI) for 1 hr in steel container with steel balls followed by 10 hr sintering at 550 °C. A heating rate of 5 °C/min was used for all sintering.