Applications of synthetic D-protein enantiomers are vast but remains to be challenged by the difficulty in their preparation, particularly when their complexity increases with their size, folding and post-translational modifications. The ability to translate L-mRNA into D-proteins will be truly revolutionary. The first milestone will be the complete assembly of an enantiomeric ribosome, comprised of D-proteins and L-rRNAs. Since three out of >50 mirror-image E. coli ribosomal proteins and efficient Lnucleotide polymerases have been reported, it is anticipated that this ambition will be achieved in the near future.