However, the role of acetyl-CoA synthetase in lactylation is not explored. The constraints in the detection of lactate and lactate-derived metabolic products could be due to the highly shuttled and dynamic nature of lactate in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, a link that can connect the generation of lactyl-CoA from lactate by specific enzymes of cancer cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and microbiotas in the tumor niche is not evident.