2D-COS analysis is a robust tool used to resolve the sequence of spectral features that occur across a perturbation gradient (e.g., concentration, time, temperature, pH) in chemical processes. PS residues. The spectra used in analyses are shown in Figure (diamond) and Figure (goethite), and the resultant sequences and directions at the diamond and goethite surfaces are listed in Tables and, respectively. As such, the sequence of interfacial events reflect the relative contribution of a particular cross-peak as a function of increasing PS concentration. The resulting synchronous and asynchronous plots illustrating the sequence of interfacial events that contribute to PS self-association and conformational alteration from in-situ adsorptiondesorption experiments are shown in Figure . The concentration-dependent sequence of interfacial events on the diamond surface during the early stage of adsorption, t1,ads= 2 min, can be illustrated as follows: