In in vivo studies, exosome treatment significantly reduced amyloid-beta plaque deposition by 50% in Alzheimer's models, leading to improvements in cognitive performance. In Exosomes were observed to cross the BBB and localize to areas of neuronal damage, delivering neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory molecules directly to affected brain regions. This ability to modulate the neuroinflammatory environment and promote neurogenesis supports their potential as a regenerative therapy for neurodegenerative diseases and CNS injuries.