The same modification (i.e., raising the upper array 12cm above the lower array and aligning opposite magnetic poles between the two arrays) may also serve to demonstrate the Butterfly Effect, a central tenet of chaos theory or nonlinear dynamics. [2] When a system is exquisitely sensitive to initial conditions, the final outcome is unpredictable or chaotic…as if a butterfly flapping its wings in Brazil might cause a tornado in Texas. No matter how much care is taken to align the magnetic poles of the top array with their opposite poles on the bottom array, the result of any two trials is never the same. Sometimes the upper array bounces off the lower array multiple times until both arrays settle into a quiet state in which the upper array levitates over the lower array. But sometimes, the upper array bounces once and then "fuses" with the lower array. And at other times, the upper array bounces two, three, or four times before "fusing." In fact, the outcome is highly unpredictable and exquisitely sensitive to initial conditions, specifically the degree to which opposite magnetic poles are initially aligned. Magnetic Potential Barrier