In creating the stamp mold, micron scale, square pillar features were etched into a silicon wafer through soft photolithography. Square pillars were chosen as the feature design of the stamps due to their ease of fabrication and image analysis. The square pillars with the dimensions of 150µm × 150µm × 1µm were spaced equally apart by 150µm (Figure ). Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) at the ratio of 10:1, base: curing agent, was cast on the fabricated mold to create flexible stamps for microcontact printing. PDMS, upon solidification, becomes a flexible elastomer with intermediate liquid absorption characteristics, making it ideal for absorbing bioink and facilitating bioink transfer onto functionalized substrates. . Each stamp has a dimension of 2cm × 1.8cm × 0.3cm.