The previous two sections underscore the necessity for an experimental methodology capable of discerning the intricate interplay between the pH-swing and nucleophilicity-swing mechanisms. The dominance of either mechanism determines the specific properties of the AQ molecule that warrant attention for enhancing carbon capture capacity. Furthermore, predictions based on thermodynamics and kinetics are contingent upon certain assumptions that may be challenged at the system level. Additionally, predictions based on thermodynamics and kinetics may draw opposing conclusions regarding the dominance of one mechanism over the other. Consequently, the need for an experimental technique to differentiate between these mechanisms becomes essential. As shown in Figure , using pH as an indicator for the amount of OH -formed during the reaction is insufficient, primarily due to the buffering effect of the carbonate/bicarbonate system. In the following sections, we introduce two new in situ experimental techniques designed for this purpose.