Toward the direction of truly portable artificial lungs, the work of must be cited. designed the microfluidic oxygenator units in which the gas side of the membrane was directly exposed to air, thus eliminating the need for a ventilating gas supply. subsequently arranged in parallel 10 oxygenator units and tested the resulting LAD in vitro and in vivo in two newborn piglets. The heart pressure was sufficient to drive the blood flow and the oxygen exchange was 30 ml/min m 2 at a blood flow rate of up to 1.6 L/min m 2 . Although the results of Rochow's group support the feasibility of a pumpless microfluidic artificial lung efficient with ambient air, the hemocompatibility of the device and its lifetime in in vivo testing must be further assessed.