Overall, the differences in aggregate morphologies can be attributed to a combination of factors, including the specific ECM components released, the interaction between released biomolecules and NPs, and the influence of NP charge on the assembly process. Nevertheless, the particles produced distinct aggregates with clear differences in their biological identities, with potential consequences for their effectiveness as drug carriers in OA. Gwyddion software (version 2.62) as described in the Experimental Section.