Many biomass structures possess a significant concentration of protons, rendering them efficient transporters of H2. Moreover, biomass may be oxidized with reduced bias, potentially yielding economic advantages from its oxidized byproducts . As a result, the development of a circular bio-economy centered on high-value, pollution-free hydrogen energy holds great potential to address the global energy crisis and environmental pollution. This approach leverages the abundant solar energy and the vast quantities of biomass waste produced worldwide (Fig. ) . The efficient conversion of plastic waste into multi-carbon fuels at room temperature and pressure requires rational photocatalyst design and optimization of C-C bond breaking and coupling mechanisms (Fig. ). Additionally, performed PET and PLA conversion using carbon nitride/nickel phosphide (CNX=Ni2P) photocatalysis in alkaline conditions . Consequently, acetate and formate were produced, which may be utilized as fuels following the revisions in Table . The abbreviations LDPE, PET, PVC, PE, PS, and PVA stand for "low density polyethylene," "polyethylene terephthalate," "polyethylene," "polystyrene," and "polyvinyl alcohol," respectively.