For the insutrial scale (SU) simulation, on the other hand, both the electricity and heat consumptions were estimated following the approach of Piccino et al. For more details see Table (electricity consumption) and Table (up scaling). The detailed description of the whole product system is reported below. The name of each stage could differ in case LS or SU were considered according to Piccino and co-workers. O) Raw material supply and inbound transportation. The AnR is assumed to be delivered by a freight truck equipped with a refrigerator system from a supplier located 30 km far from the LF production plant. The impacts associated to 1 t of anchovy fillet leftovers transported to the plant are derived from the Ecoinvent database. The oil:solid:water composition to extract 1 kg of AnR was fixed at 0.04:0.28:0.98 ratios, according to the ratios used in the LS extraction.