In contrast to CDR methods, which currently face an atmospheric CO 2 mixing ratio of only 422 ppm , CCS technologies encounter significantly higher mole fractions at emission sites, favoring the gas separation from a thermodynamic point of view. For instance, mole fractions of 12-14%, 11-13%, and 7-10% are found for coal-based, oil-based, and natural gas-based boiler operation, respectively . While the mole fraction in a gas turbine cycle (3-4%) is even lower than that , significantly higher mole fractions are encountered in industrial processes such as cement production (30%) or natural gas processing (>96%) . With an emphasis on combustion processes, emissions are reduced through pre-combustion, oxyfuel combustion, or post-combustion capture . Pre-and oxyfuel combustion require extensive modifications, making them viable primarily for new plants. In contrast, post-combustion capture -while typically less efficient -stands out for its ability to retrofit existing plants. The actual gas separation is conventionally done using either absorption, adsorption, membranes, or cryogenic distillation and tailored to the on-site conditions . Among these processes, regenerative absorption, especially with monoethanolamine (MEA), is the most widely used and mature method .