where p i is the property of atom i, r ic is the distance between atom i and the center of cube c, σ is a parameter determining how fast the contribution of an atom decreases with the distance, and N is the number of atoms in the molecule excluding the atoms further than the cutoff distance. Implemented properties are the atomic number of the element, the partial atomic charge (Gasteiger or MMFF) and atomic contributions to molecular refractivity and logP using the Wildman-Crippen approach (calculated with _CalcCrippenContribs() of the rdMolDescriptors module).