A well-to-wheel emissions analysis was performed, accounting for electricity generation and battery manufacturing as the two major greenhouse gas emission sources. Today, BETs provide negligible greenhouse gas emissions benefits due to the current carbon intensity of the national U.S. grid. However, BET-associated emissions are expected to drop by ∼ 60% as the grid becomes cleaner compared to today's value. Following this, the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) was computed, which consists of the capital, operating, and greenhouse gas emissions costs, omitting taxes and subsidies. This includes a study on charging station infrastructure and high-power DC charging electricity prices tailored to the long-hauling application. We calculate a baseline price of electricity delivered at the charger of 0.32 USD/kWh, and 0.15 USD/kWh for the optimistic high-asset utilization scenario. We find the capital cost of installing high-power DC chargers and the demand charge to be significant contributors. Presently, BETs are more than twice as expensive as shipping via diesel trucks, but this differential is expected to decrease over time. However, even in our optimistic longterm scenario, BETs are projected to be ∼ 20% more expensive. Both the payload penalty and the high price of retail delivered electricity are major obstacles to the adoption of BETs. Finally, we present a break-even analysis where these limitations could be circumvented with technological developments or operational strategies. Reducing the drag coefficient of BETs would be very helpful, but not sufficient to overcome the cost differential with diesel. Thus overnight-charge BETs do not seem to be an attractive option for long-haul trucking, at least not with today's dominant trucking business model, even after projected technological improvements in coming decades. However, given the lower energy demands of short-haul trucking and the possibility of lower electricity prices in certain regions and at certain times of the day due to increased renewables, BETs may be a competitive option for this sector. Some new business models such as battery swapping may also help long-haul BETs become more viable. We encourage further studies, with more location-and application-specific analyses, to identify regions, sectors, and scenarios where BETs can be beneficial to society.