Morphological characterization was conducted using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). HRTEM analysis provided detailed insights into the physical structure of the nanomaterials across various fabrication stages. Figure , with a magnified inset, shows the well-defined cubic morphology of Co₃O₄. This nanocubic structure is recognized for its superior electrochemical performance, enhancing electron transport and providing multiple active sites during catalytic reactions . Figure presents the rGO-Co₃O₄ nanocomposite, where the cubic morphology of Co₃O₄ is retained but dispersed across the rGO sheet. The rGO acts as a conductive substrate with a high surface area, facilitating uniform nanoparticle distribution and preventing aggregation . Figure depicts the rGO-Co₃O₄ nanocomposite modified with Pt nanoparticles (rGO-Co₃O₄-Pt), revealing cubic Co₃O₄ nanoparticles decorated with smaller Pt nanoparticles. It is evident from Figure , that the Pt nanoparticles were decorated on the cubical surface of Co3O4. The incorporation of Pt enhances catalytic properties by improving the availability of reactive sites on the rGO-Co₃O₄ surface . The selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern (Figure inset) reveals the crystallinity and phase structure of the rGO-Co₃O₄-Pt nanocomposite. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis (Figure ) identifies the elemental composition of the rGO-Co₃O₄-Pt sample. The spectrum shows peaks for carbon (C) from rGO, oxygen (O) from rGO and Co₃O₄, cobalt (Co) from Co₃O₄, and platinum (Pt) from nanoparticles, confirming the formation of the rGO-Co₃O₄-Pt nanocomposite. Elemental maps depict the distribution of these elements in the material.