Feed is vitally important in the livestock sector to sustain animal health and ensure the production of safe and high-quality products of animal origin . The production of livestock feed is under continuous pressure from food-feed competition, disruptions in feed ingredient supply chains, contamination episodes, variations in nutrient quality of feedstocks and demand for sustainable agricultural practices . Globally, feed production is responsible for an estimated 45% of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the livestock sector and uses 33% of the total arable land . The projected rise in the demand for animal products increases the urgency of drastically reducing the environmental footprint of livestock feed production .