Methods to predict log P/log D may also use (and test) some of the same techniques which can be applied to binding predictions. Both types of calculations can use solvation free energies and partitioning between environments (though this could be avoided by computing the transfer free energy). Such solute partitioning models are simple test systems for the transfer free energy of a molecule to a hydrophobic environment of a protein binding pocket, without having to account for additional specific interactions which are present in biomolecular binding sites. Thus partitioning and distribution calculations allow separating force-field accuracy from errors related to conformational sampling of proteins and protonation state predictions of proteins and ligands.