Beyond the I-U measurements, an additional analysis was performed to test the device switchability. The switching performance of the optimized system was tested under various conditions and extended cycles, up to 20,000 cycles. For the long-term chronoamperometry (CA) pulse test, several sequences were designed to observe the system's current response under varying conditions. Firstly, Figure shows the current response of the system under a ±1 V pulse with a 0 V resting step (300 s for each step). The results show that when a -1 V pulse is applied, a high current response is initially achieved, which gradually decreases over time, reaching stability after around 300 s. The initial surge in current is attributed to proton intercalation into hexagonal channels and the reduction of W⁶⁺ to W⁵⁺ in the first phase, followed by a further reduction to W⁴⁺, which explains the prolonged change in current. In contrast, when a 1 V pulse is applied, the current response is minimal from the beginning and remains stable for 300 s. Under "blocked" polarization, the WE becomes positively polarized, attracting SO4²⁻ ions to its surface. Due to the relatively bigger size of this ion compared to the proton, combined with tungsten already being in its highest oxidation state (W⁶⁺), no significant current is generated from intercalation or redox reactions. This explains the minimal current under "blocked" polarization. The calculated RI takes a higher value at the beginning (after 3 s it is 96), but decays over time. This is likely due to surface saturation and the continuous reduction of W 6+ .