Valence parameters (angles, bonds, and proper torsions) in Sage were trained on QM data from a diverse range of datasets. There were three categories of QM datasets we use for training our force fields: optimized geometries of conformers, torsion scans of rotations around a specific central bond in molecules, and Hessian calculation on equilibrium geometries. The datasets can be broadly classified into two generations: the first generation datasets, whose main focus was full coverage of all force field parameters, and the second generation datasets which improved chemical diversity in the dataset. Training datasets used in one or more of the force fields discussed here, as referenced on MolSSI's QCArchive, are listed in Table . Section 2.3.2 has details on the data used from these datasets in training a specific version of force field, and Table lists Sage-specific training data.