The effects of polaron formation voltage, 𝐸 1 0′ , on oxygen reduction were additionally captured using the previously discussed microkinetic model (Figure ). As 𝐸 1 0′ shifts to negative voltages, the E1/2 for oxygen reduction shifts negative accordingly. Inversely, for polaron formation voltage greater than p(NDI-T2 P75) (𝐸 1 0′ > -0.31 V vs. SHE), the halfwave voltage for oxygen reduction is pinned by the outer-sphere formal reduction potential for the O2/O2