In recent studies, the CRISPR-Cas system has proven to be very effective early cancer diagnosis, along with many other fields of application. CRISPR-based genome and transcriptome engineering, and specifically CRISPR-Cas12a and CRISPR-Cas13a, seem to exhibit the required characteristics, in terms of high detection sensitivity and specificity, as well as simple and fast operation, to be considered as forceful detection tools for cancer diagnostics. It has been considered that CRISPR-Cas-based biosensing systems generate a new era for precise diagnosis of early-stage cancers. A new nanoparticle DNA-encoded nanosensor utilizing CRISPR-Cas-amplified urinary biomarkers has been designed and could enable early diagnosis of cancer with a simple urine test. The sensors, which can detect many different cancerous proteins, could also be used to distinguish the type of a tumor, whether a tumor has metastasized, or how it is responding to treatment. 131 Diagnostic biomarkers are the most widely used in cancers (Figure ). All biomarker types mark substantial growth in the last 2-3 years, but the susceptibility / risk biomarkers and the predictive biomarkers exhibit the highest yearly growth rate (Figure ). Some biomarkers are specific for a particular type of cancer (e.g., CA 27.29, CA 15-3, and HER 2, which are used for breast cancer), while others are applied for a wider variety of malignancies (e.g., CA 125, Ki 67, and CEA). Figure presents the relationship between a selection of common cancer biomarkers and the types of cancers they are applied for (Figure ), as well as the frequency of application of these biomarkers as reflected by the number of related documents in the CAS Content Collection (Figure ). The p53 protein, the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and the Ki-67 antigen have been explored in the highest number of documents (Figure ). p53 is one of the most frequently mutated genes in cancer, in the early phases of lung, skin, esophageal, and other cancers. p53 aggregates have been identified as prognostic marker in ovarian cancer. Mutant p53 is viewed as a biomarker for breast cancer 137 as well as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma 138 , and may help improve cancer surgery results