-Using nano-FTIR the change of ion concentration in the EDL and diffuse layer was experimentally determined as a function of bias at the Li/polymer electrolyte . This could be compared to the profile of molecular changes at electrolysis. -Significant progress has been made in the study of "surface" water in the reaction of catalytic hydrogen generation; a successful application of the AFM technique was demonstrated using potential-sensing EC-AFM, in case of situ analysis of water-splitting catalysts and interfaces .