As the denominator scales with respect to the number of molecules N , when N is large, κ N → 1. In other words, when N is large (N = 10 9 in the original work), the reaction rate has no obvious dependence on the coupling strength or the scale of the dipole moment. Note that the single-molecule limit of such theory is equivalent to what was presented in Ref. 69 when considering the dipole self-energy term. Galego and co-workers 381 performed classical molecular dynamics simulations to explore a system of many molecules distributed around a sphere nanoparticle, where the permanent dipoles of molecules are aligned along the direction of the field of the sphere's z-oriented dipole mode. The simulation results show that both the dipole-sphere interaction (between the molecules and the nanosphere) and the dipole-dipole interaction (between the molecules) have positive contributions to the potential energy barrier of the whole system, so that the barrier increases almost linearly with respect to the number of molecules coupled to the sphere. Consequently, the TST rate will decrease exponentially due to the monotonic increase of the reaction barrier. Even though the authors find rate suppression in the perfectly aligned case, the frequency dependence (resonant effect) is obviously missing.