Fig. illustrates the contributions of each atom to three key interaction components between two phenol molecules, represented by color mapping. The bluer (redder) the color, the more the atom strengthens (weakens) the intermolecular binding. The dispersion and exchange-repulsion components are evaluated using the GAFF forcefield, while the electrostatic component is calculated based on CHELPG atomic charges. The figure clearly highlights that the hydroxyl hydrogen of one phenol and the hydroxyl oxygen of the other contribute most significantly to intermolecular binding due to electrostatic attraction, which is the defining feature of a typical H-bond. Additionally, other atoms in close intermolecular contact contribute notably to dispersion and exchange-repulsion interactions, indicating that vdW interactions also play a role in stabilizing the phenol dimer.