Today's ammonia production of 185 Mt represents 27% of the total chemicals produced, with ~70% used for nitrogen fertilizers. Ammonia for fertilizer use increases from 132 Mt (2020) to 158 Mt (2050) in the BAU scenario, while improved agricultural practices, diet shift and food waste reduction lower demand to 140 Mt (2050, LC) and 112 Mt (2050, HC) respectively. Ammonia is a promising pathway for decarbonizing long-distance marine transport and power in countries with highly limited renewables resources . New demand means ammonia production accounts for ~900 Mt of the total primary chemicals (~ 60%, BDEM) in 2050.