In the core and additional LOs configuration, all course LOs are sorted into "core" and "additional" categories. "Core" LOs are those deemed by the instructor to be essential for earning a grade of C or above. All other LOs are categorized as "additional," and meeting a larger subset of these LOs is required for earning B or A grades. Frequently this configuration is used in introductory lecture courses that serve as prerequisites, where having fundamental knowledge and skills is essential for success in subsequent courses. While the terms "core" and "additional" arose from Tsoi et al., a number of publications use different terminology, such as core and advanced LOs or essential and general LOs, to refer to this same configuration . An example of a course with the core and additional LOs configuration is Carlisle's discrete and combinatorial algebra course, in which each of six major subject areas is divided into a core topic and an advanced topic . To earn at least a C grade, students must pass all six core topics and one advanced topic. If a student wishes to earn a B grade, they need to pass an additional two advanced topics, and if a student wishes to earn an A grade, they need to pass an additional four advanced topics. Similarly, LOs in Biers's first-year French course are classified as basic or advanced and are grouped into three main categories: proficiency, cultural knowledge, and metalinguistic awareness . To earn at least a C grade, students must pass all of the basic LOs in all three categories. If a student wishes to earn a B grade, they also need to pass advanced LOs from one of the three categories (or two of the categories if they wish to earn an A).