An emerging approach in this regard is to use predictive algorithms that invert the design process and enable the exploration of a broader design space. In this regard, topology optimization is a powerful numerical method combining simulations with mathematical optimization algorithms, providing a promising approach to obtain an optimal structure of porous electrodes given a range of operating conditions. Rather than evaluating the performance of a proposed architecture, this method involves setting a performance target and iterating over permissible designs to satisfy it. The resulting designs may seem non-intuitive, but their performance is high from the perspective of minimizing the pumping power and overpotential losses of redox flow systems . This approach requires integrating two different types of models: First, multi-physics computational models to build a theoretical framework to adequately relate the local electrode properties to the overall electrochemical and hydrodynamics performance of the system, and second: topology optimization models to inversely design microarchitected variable-porosity 3D porous electrodes, aiming to decrease pumping power and electrochemical losses across various operating conditions.