Another innovative method is subcritical water extraction (SWE), which uses water at elevated temperatures and pressures below its critical point to extract dyes. explored SWE for extracting polyphenolic compounds from pomegranate peels, showing that this method could achieve high extraction efficiency and purity . SWE is environmentally friendly and avoids the use of organic solvents, but the high temperatures required can sometimes lead to the degradation of heat-sensitive compounds.