NNP calculations and the Sage forcefield were run on a 2023 Macbook Pro with 11 Apple M3 Pro CPU cores. For NNPs, runtimes were quantified by recording the time to call get_potential_energy() in the Atomic Simulation Environment from an already initialized ase.Calculator object. For Sage, runtime was quantified by recording the time to (1) generate an openmm.State object from an already initialized openmm.Context object and (2) call getPotentialEnergy() from this object. We recognize that this benchmark likely underestimates the speed of Sage in the context of molecular dynamics; however, since Sage is already the fastest method studied here, we did not investigate further speedups. We did not investigate GPU-or TPU-based hardware acceleration in this paper, but further speedups are certainly possible for Sage, all ML-based methods, xTB, and many DFT methods.