We apply this MLIP-APE approach to the context of oxidation catalysis at Pd(100) as a well-studied prototype for significant operando evolution in form of a restructuring to a ( √ 5 × √ 5)R27 • surface oxide. Specifically exploring the processes involved in the early stages of oxidation of a (110)-type step, we readily find numerous O-mediated restructuring processes with barriers significantly lower than 1 eV. With reported apparent activation barriers for oxidation reactions at Pd catalysts lying close to this value, this suggests that the dynamics of the restructuring process indeed occurs on similar time scales as the catalytic cycle. Fluxionality could therefore be an equally crucial feature at this "hard" inorganic surface. Many of the lowest barrier processes furthermore involve the collective, complex movement of multiple atoms in a non-intuitive manner. While the employed MLIP-APE framework enables efficient identification of these processes, the unearthed complexity challenges the development of appropriate microkinetic models that could assess the impact of this fluxionality on the catalytic function.