We next used pvTrace-v2.1.sv to simulate the efficiencies of the diverse LSC designs presented in Case Study 2, but now manufactured using 3D-printing rather than bulk casting. The CAD files of the 3D-printed geometries are shown in Figure . To further demonstrate the capability of pvTrace to model 3D-printed parts, the square design was 3D printed concentrically in two ways: i) where the concentric paths lie on the xy planes (part 11), and ii) where the part is printed vertically such that the paths lie on the xz planes (part 12). The solid (part 17) and hollow (part 18) cylinder arrays were similarly vertically printed in a concentric pattern.