The second part of our in situ IR experiments involves determining if the pulsed condition would have a constant *NH2/*NH species coverage. Based on the CV results (Figure ), we selected a potential range of -0.4 V to 0.4 V for the anodic pulse potentials with a gap of 0.2 V. There are two possible reactions in the pulsed electrolysis in the 1M KOH, 1.5 NH3 solution: as in the steady state anodic potential conditions, ammonia is being oxidized 44 (equation 1). However, upon the application of a cathodic potential of -1.8 V, the formed partially oxidized species would be partially reduced back to NH3 (equation 2). Hence, it's important to investigate if there are still any *NH2/*NH species remaining on the copper surface.