As the rotatable dihedral angle significantly influences the molecule's flexibility and its conformational changes, which are crucial for MD simulations, we employ the torsion dataset created in this work as the test sets to evaluate the accuracy of OSCFF. Herein, we adopt the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and the square of the Pearson correlation coefficient (R 2 ) as the metrics. Figure The largest deviation between these two approaches approximates 2 kcal/mol. These findings demonstrate that our OSCFF can accurately describe the torsional potential surfaces, thereby ensuring the reliability of the MD simulations.