Mathematical models of bone remodeling cytokines, T cell roles are not always clear. Activated Tregs secrete DKK1, which inhibits Wnt-mediated bone formation . This inhibitory effect contrasts studies showing Tregs increase Wnt-10b production by CD8 + T cells . Despite this, studies indicate a balance between Th17 and Tregs is important for healthy bone remodeling, such that higher Th17 to Treg ratios contribute to rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis .