For the aliphatic coarse-grained models, K angle is 25 kJ mol and θ 0 is 180 • . But if the coarse grained model is describing a cis double bond instead, then the values of K angle and θ 0 change to 45 kJ mol and 120 • , respectively. For ring particles, the 4-to-1 mapping scheme isn't adequate to capture the phenomena, so a 3-to-1 or 2-to-1 mapping scheme is more accurate. σ changes from 0.47 nm for non-ring particles to 0.43 nm for ring particles, and ring particle's ϵ (kJ) is scaled to 75% of the non-ring particle's ϵ (kJ). To describe the improper dihedrals, which capture the planarity of the entire molecule, the harmonic potential is