This highlights the complex nature of oxygen-surface interactions as the applied potential changes. Another notable distinction between the oxygen adsorption energies on the bridge and hollow sites in Figure is that the Ea approaches zero and even slightly positive values around -0.75 V on the bridge sites, indicating significant destabilization and desorption back into the electrolyte. In contrast, oxygen adsorption at hollow sites remains more stable across the entire potential range, likely due to the stronger multi-atom coordination with the surface. The behaviour of the water layer above the surface mirrors the observed on the clean surface in Figure in the SM, where less negative potentials strengthen surface-water interactions.