Due to their extreme toxicity and propensity to accumulate in living things, cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are particularly concerning trace heavy metal ions that can contaminate water. They can neither be metabolized nor biodegraded. The neurological, renal, skeletal, nervous, digestive, and reproductive systems can all sustain direct harm from exposure to Cd(II) or Pb(II), in addition to cancer. Over the past few decades, a variety of techniques for Cd(II) and Pb(II) removal from aqueous solutions have been studied. Adsorption stands out among these techniques because of its beneficial attributes, including its high efficiency, straightforward design, easy regeneration, and cheap operational cost. The need for clean drinking water is increasing exponentially as the world's population grows . Several catalysts were reported for oxidation via advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) . Explore new materials that may advance AOPs for high catalytic performance and better selectivity toward the target molecules. Utilizing nanomaterials, AOPs are the name given to these reactions . The interaction between a catalyst and H2O2 produces highly oxygen-reactive species (ROS) or hydroxyl radicals ( • OH). For oxidation through AOPs, a variety of catalysts have been reported . Investigate novel materials that might improve AOPs for improved selectivity towards the target molecules and higher catalytic performance .