A colorimetric gold nanoparticle-linked assay was developed to provide a comparative validation for a subset of the microarray results, and to demonstrate that the discriminatory power of the fluorinated glycans is independent of biosensor architecture. Gold nanoparticles can be deployed in solution-based assays, where a target protein aggregates particles, leading to coupling of their surface plasmon resonance bands, and a macroscopic red-blue colour shift. A subset of 10 azido-propyl Lewis X analogues were conjugated onto poly(hydroxyethyl acrylamide) (PHEA) 68 by SPAAC (Figure ), which was then loaded onto 55 nm gold nanoparticles (SI). Aggregation of the glyconanoparticles on addition of the classical biotype Vibrio cholerae toxin CTB was monitored by UV-Visible spectroscopy (Figure ). Figure shows complete dose-dependent binding responses of the fluoro-Lewis X analogues versus CTB. LeX8 and LeX16 show a 23-fold decrease in EC50 compared to the native (non-fluorinated) Lewis X glycan LeX1. Lex11 and LeX24 show a 5-fold improvement in affinity, while LeX13 shows similar affinity as the native Lewis X (LeX1). The results correlated very well with the microarray assay results as shown in Figure . CTB. Data is presented as normalised Abs700 from UV-Visible spectroscopy; e) Correlation of glycan array and glyconanoparticle binding data LeX22, which had a glycan array binding score of 55 ± 53, is omitted from the correlation graph as binding was too weak to be quantified in the nanoparticle assay.