The National Institutes of health (NIH),USA, the Capital Medical University, China, the University of California, USA, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Japan, and the University of Cambridge, UK, have the largest number of published articles in scientific journals (Figure ). Patenting activity is dominated by corporate players as compared to academics (Figure ). F. Hoffmann-La Roche, AstraZeneca, Merck (MSD), Neurosearch, and Pfizer have the highest number of patent applications among commercial organizations (Figure ), while the University of California, CNRS (France), Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Johns Hopkins University lead among the non-commercial organizations (Figure ).