Having established the high accuracy of the kQEq predicted dipole moments, we next turn to the predicted charges themselves. It is well known that the electron density cannot be unambiguously partitioned into atomic partial charges. Consequently, there is no way to objectively measure the quality of such partitionings. Indeed, there is a fundamental tension between describing the local charge density around each atom versus global properties such as dipole moments or electrostatic potentials, when approximating a continuous charge density with atom-centered spherically symmetric charges. Nonetheless, it is worth considering whether the predicted charges are reasonably intuitive and how they compare to standard population analysis schemes like the one of Mulliken or restricted electrostatic potential fits like the ChelpG scheme. Here, a double SOAP model trained on 2000 training configurations (at the PBE0 level) is used to provide the kQEq charges (see Fig. ).