The choice of XRD method and resulting structural information depends on the existing available data on a material structure. For novel material, single-crystal XRD is used to solve the crystal structure. This involves obtaining all diffracting X-ray geometries to construct the full reciprocal space around 4 axes of rotation (Fig ). The smallest unit cell and space group is constructed from the sample stoichiometry and diffracting X-ray angles. For crystals with simple repeating units, the atomic positions can be inferred from the symmetry. However, for more complex materials, Small angle X-ray scattering yields information of crystal size, shape, and aggregation for nanoparticles in solution as well as pore size and distribution for porous materials depending on the slope, decay, and peaks from 0 to ~0.5Å depending on the material. , spherical nanoparticles (Adapted with permission from Li et al. Copyright 2016 American Chemical Society), and porous metal organic frameworks (Adapted with permission from Tsao et al. Copyright 2007 American Chemical Society)