While the above-mentioned strategies have shown promising results, they rely on a single line of defense that renders thrombosis a problem once the coating is depleted. Although bioinert coatings provide a second line of defense, the lack of endothelialization is problematic because they lack bifunctionality. To overcome the limitations of the coatings reported thus far, LIS provides a highly versatile coating consisting of an underlying flat or rough solid substrate that locks onto the surface through van der Waals and capillary forces and provides a thin, stable, and dynamic perfluorinated lubricant layer. By either exploiting the innate chemical properties of the substrate or chemically modifying the substrate using silanization techniques (Figure ), a compatible-lubricant infused platform is created which energetically favors the lubricant layer rather than other contaminating liquids and forms an interface that repels aqueous, organic, and complex biological fluids, as well as prevents cell adhesion and biofilm formation. Since Teflon is synthesized from a fluorocarbon-based polymer, it does not require further chemical modification because its porous structure is compatible with perfluorinated lubricants. In contrast, epoxy-resin-based substrates need to be chemically modified through silanization with a fluorosilane monolayer prior to infiltration with the lubricant layer. Silanization techniques mainly involve liquid phase deposition (LPD) or chemical phase deposition (CVD). However, the results of studies with slippery lubricant-infused coronary catheters modified using LPD or CVD techniques suggest that CVD treatment provides better resistance against thrombosis than LPD treatment. This finding mainly reflects the exposure to acids in the liquid phase during LPD treatment, which produces etching and damage to the inner layers. Common lubricants reported in the literature include Krytox-100, Krytox-103, perfluoroperhydrophenanthrene, perfluorodecalin, perfluorohexane, and perfluorooctane. LIS coatings have been extensively used in healthcare applications and have shown compatibility with medical grade materials such as poly(methyl methacrylate), polyethylene terephthalate, ePTFE, polyether amide, polycarbonate, and polyurethane. LIS coated implants have been shown to outperform conventional surface coatings by efficiently reducing clot formation and device associated infection. For example, PTFE-based LIS coating infiltrated with Krytox-103 revealed a 35-fold reduction in biofilm formation compared with PEG-coating. Additionally, compared with untreated grafts implanted in rats, lubricant infused ePTFE grafts exhibited a 99% reduction in Staphylococcus aureus adhesion and reduced local inflammatory response. Although LIS coatings have shown exceptional antithrombogenic results, they lack biofunctionality and inhibit all bio-interactions with the surface. To address this issue, bio-functional lubricant-infused (BLIS) surfaces were developed to allow targeted binding of ECs and tissue integration on the interface without compromising the repellency of the surface (Figure ). BLIPS were created on oxygen plasma treated ePTFE vascular grafts using (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) silanized anti-CD34 bio-links, infiltrated with perfluoroperhydrophenanthren lubricant. Relative to uncoated ePTFE grafts, BLIPS attenuated thrombin generation and resisted blood clot formation and non-specific protein adhesion. In addition, a confluent endothelial layer was observed on the coated surfaces after incubation with a blood/EC mixture for four days reflecting targeted binding of ECs from the complex mixture (Figure ). The simple fabrication process of BLIPS and their outstanding antithrombogenic performance render these coatings a promising candidate for the next generation of synthetic vascular grafts. Further studies are necessary for the translation of these coatings to real life applications, such as optimization of the bioactivity of immobilized agents, as well as the stability and durability of the coatings for long-term applications.