The largest footprint reductions were observed when optimizing for the impacts of land stress on biodiversity loss, with median reductions of 39% and 34% against a median increased price of 1.1% and 2.4% for pig and broiler feed, respectively (Fig. ). Optimizing for climate change resulted in lower median environmental reductions of 5.7% and 3.3%, with lower median price increases of 0.82% and 0.92% for pigs and broilers, respectively (Fig. ). Compared with climate change, land stress impacts showed more variance within and among the countries of origin (Figs. ). For this reason, greater potential footprint reductions are expected with land stress than with climate change. The optimization of pig feed resulted in a larger footprint reduction compared to that of broiler feed. This may be attributed to the higher protein and fat requirements for broilers than for pigs (Table ).