In conclusion, while metabolomics has greatly advanced our understanding of plant-microbe interactions, the interpretation of metabolomics data remains a significant challenge. The integration of metabolomics with other omics approaches, combined with the development of advanced computational tools, is crucial for unraveling the complex molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions. Addressing these challenges requires the development of robust computational tools, standardized workflows, and interdisciplinary collaborations to enable the seamless integration of multi-omics data . As researchers continue to push the boundaries of these integrated approaches, we can expect to gain a more holistic and mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between plants and their microbial partners, ultimately leading to innovative strategies for sustainable agriculture, ecosystem management, and environmental conservation.