Our detailed analysis has demonstrated that pvTrace v2.1.sv very accurately predicts the experimental external photon efficiency of various LSC geometries, using both bulk casting and 3D printing fabrication techniques. Compared to literature data, the mean absolute error (MAE) was 1.98% for simulated vs. measured optical efficiency; in contrast, for LSCs fabricated in this study, the MAE was remarkably just 0.25% (Figure ). The lower MAE for LSCs prepared inhouse is not unexpected since we had direct oversight of the measurement and sample conditions. Through these comparisons to experiment, we have been able to demonstrate the utility of both the surface normal and enclosing box methods. The surface normal method better predicts efficiencies when solar cells are used for photon measurement, due to the lack of air gap (i.e., refractive index matching) and therefore direct capture of re-emitted photons at the device edges. The enclosing box technique instead accurately predicts efficiencies when an integrating sphere is used to characterize the device. In this case the enclosing box mitigates for the airgap