Figure shows a breakdown of the production technologies for olefins, aromatics, and methanol. Olefins are currently produced with naphtha crackers using fossil feedstocks in Japan. However, in the BAU-ME and LC-ME pathways, they were mainly produced by crackers retrofitted with CCS or those fueled by hydrogen or ammonia. In the LC-NFAX pathway, in addition to hydrogen/ammonia-fueled crackers, electric crackers and crackers using pyrolysis oil with CCS were used in order to achieve greater abatement. Currently, aromatics are mainly produced via catalytic reforming and naphtha cracking. However, in the BAU-ME and LC-ME pathways, they were mainly produced by a methanol-to-aromatics (MTA) process using methanol produced via natural gas reforming, which requires CCS to abate the end-of-life emissions. This shift from catalytic reforming to MTA was based on the assumption that catalytic reformers in refineries would be decommissioned by 2050, following a decline in fuel production for vehicles with internal combustion engines. In the LC-NFAX pathway, CCU, DAC-CCU, or biomass gasification was used instead of natural gas to produce methanol and aromatics via an MTA process. Regardless of the net zero pathways and feedstock for methanol, it was anticipated that the production volume using an MTA process would increase, necessitating an improvement to the MTA process.