To assess how application context may affect the economic and environmental outcomes associated with the OP, we compared our general estimates with results calculated for five specific countries (i.e., China, India, South Africa, Senegal, and Uganda). A wider variation in emissions across contexts is observed for the treatment of mixed excreta, while cost varies more for the source-separated scenario across contexts (Figure ). These observations can primarily be attributed to local diet. For the mix stream treatment, countries with higher calorie intake (i.e., China and South Africa) excrete waste with higher carbon content (i.e., higher COD). Pit latrines have higher emissions when the excreta stream is COD-rich. On the other hand, those countries with lower calorie intake (i.e., Uganda) have lower emissions than the baseline during mix stream treatment. For the source-separated scenario, country-specific deviations for emissions are minimal due to the relatively low direct fugitive emissions from the more frequently emptied containers for collection. The observed variation in cost for the source-separated scenario can be attributed to greater protein intake resulting in higher chemical input requirements for nutrient recovery (i.e., ammonia from ion exchange). However, this country-specific analysis does not include monetary value for the recovered resources, which would help to offset these costs (explored below). Overall, the estimates for emissions of this scenario had overlapping distributions, suggesting that GHG emissions of the treatment of source-separated excreta is relatively independent of context. Generally, it should be noted that the country-specific assumptions do not cover the full set of conditions that may affect performance, and the countryspecific averages that we used do not capture (potentially large) sub-national variations.