Additionally, the basic strategy could be applied to small-size needle-like sensors for in vivo applications. Furthermore, the researchers' study provides a method to monitor the GPCR activity upon chemical or environmental stimulation such as drugs. This could provide a powerful tool for the development of new medicines targeting GPCR proteins, potentially replacing previous highcost and labor-intensive cell-based methods. Overall, this study shows the potential of receptormodified carbon nanotube sensors in various biomedical applications.