2.2 Oxygen doping and their effect on the optical behavior of a material: Oxygen doping, characterized by an oxygen atom in the benzene ring, exerts a substantial influence on the optical properties of organic molecules. The integration of oxygen into organic structures frequently results in modifications to their electronic distribution, a phenomenon primarily attributable to the electronegativity of the oxygen atom . This results in a shift in the electronic energy levels, particularly the HOMO-LUMO gap, which can influence the absorption and emission characteristics of the molecule. The oxygen atom in the ether group, with its lone pairs, can participate in electron delocalization or conjugation with adjacent π-systems, thereby lowering the energy required for electronic transitions . This phenomenon can result in a red-shifting of absorption spectra, enabling molecules containing ether groups to absorb light at longer wavelengths, including the visible region. In certain instances, the presence of the ether group can enhance the solubility of organic compounds in non-polar solvents, thereby modulating their optical behaviors in diverse media.