This worrying trend has been attributed to the acquired resistance of the Anopheles mosquito vector to the insecticides used to impregnate bed nets and the emergence of parasite resistance to current frontline antimalarials, including ACTs. It is now widely understood that if the world is to avoid significant increases in cases of malaria, particularly of the most virulent human malaria species Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum), new chemotherapeutic agents that act through a novel mechanism of action are urgently required.