As mentioned above, traditional efforts to derive torsional preferences use experimental crystallographic databases. Given the reasonable agreement between CREST/GFN2 conformers and crystallographic geometries, particularly on the small-molecule COD set, the individual torsion preferences should also be comparable. Thus, we compared the experimental torsions from COD to the lowest-energy gas-phase CREST/GFN2 generated conformers from COD, as well as to CREST/GFN2 generated conformers of all combined sets (e.g. PubChemQC, COD, etc.) across over 3 million compounds.