Graphene is renowned for its exceptional thermal conductivity, which results from its unique atomic structure. The material consists of carbon atoms arranged in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice, with each atom bonded to three others via strong sp 2 -hybridized bonds. This configuration allows phonons, or quantized vibrations of the lattice, to travel through the material with minimal scattering. As a result, graphene's thermal conductivity can reach up to 5000 W/m•K at room temperature, which is significantly higher than most conventional materials. Such high thermal conductivity makes graphene an excellent choice for thermal management applications in electronic devices, where efficient heat dissipation is crucial for maintaining device performance and longevity .