used an ultrasonication method to create a trimetallic strontium-titanium ferrite NC of CQDs. The NC was researched to determine its photocatalytic effectiveness and was compared to NPs and CQDs to investigate the degradation of nitroaromatic pollutants (namely p-nitrophenol, Martius yellow, and pendimethalin) when exposed to visible light. The findings indicated that NC including CQDs and Sr0.4Ti0.6Fe2O4.6 in a weight-to-volume ratio of 2:1 had excellent photocatalytic activity. The degradation efficiencies ranged from 91.2% to 97.4%, surpassing the range of 65.0% to 88.3% seen for pure NPs and CQDs. Zirconium ferrite NCs (BC-ZrFe2O5 NCs) mediated by biochar were created by Perveen, Shazia, and colleagues with biochar derived from wheat straw. These NCs were employed to remove Tartrazine dye from textile effluent through adsorption. The study indicates that nano adsorbents can be created effectively and used as affordable and practical materials for real-world industrial engineering applications. It's worth noting that the NCs were recovered in five cycles and still retained an impressive adsorption efficiency, with only a marginal reduction from 89% to 63%. Algethami et al. used butchered cow bones from the Najran region of Saudi Arabia to generate a manganese ferrite and hydroxyapatite composite. Their research sought to develop new composites that can aid in water filtration using animal bone waste, notably that from cows, in an economical and environmentally responsible manner. The composite they produced, which demonstrated excellent photocatalytic activity against the industrial waste pollutant MB dye, was made using the synthesised hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2). In addition, the synthetic composite exhibited exceptional bacteriostatic activity against the pathogens that cause acute waterborne illnesses, S. aureus and E. coli. Researchers have found a simple technique to create composite materials by utilizing biochar made from various agricultural waste. The procedure entails synthesizing cobalt (II) ferrite onto the charcoal surface and using chelate complexes of transition metal cations with citric acid to produce composite materials. These materials efficiently eliminate chromium (VI) ions from water-based solutions, making them valuable for the treatment of industrial effluent. Table . Spinel metal ferrites with Agriculture waste material-based composite are used for an effective photocatalytic and adsorption of dangerous pollutants from water. Alizadeh, Mehran et al. created a magnetic adsorbent using chemical co-precipitation and hydrolysed Luffa Cylindrica (HLC). This adsorbent was tested for divalent nickel ion removal from water. According to the study, adsorption effectiveness declined as Ca 2+ and Na + cation concentrations rose in the aqueous medium. The synthesised adsorbents, however, continued to work well even after eight reuse cycles. Furthermore, during real wastewater treatment, the HLC/CoFe2O4 magnetic composite was discovered to be incredibly successful at eliminating heavy metal contaminants from shipbuilding effluent. Zinatloo-Ajabshir, S et al. have successfully developed a recyclable photocatalyst called CoFe2O4@SiO2@Dy2Ce2O7 (CFO@SiO2@DCO), an MNC. The compound 2,2dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine was used as a novel pH regulator in the synthesis of the Dy2Ce2O7 component and as a new crucial agent in the manufacture of the silica component. The cobalt ferrite was synthesized by combustion using grape juice as an innovative and eco-friendly fuel source (Synthesized steps given in Figure ). This is the first endeavour to evaluate the photocatalytic efficiency of nanostructures composed of (CFO@SiO2@DCO). In this study synthesized nanostructure composite was used to effectively degrade the MB, CV and RhB dyes in the presence of UV irradiation. The results indicated that the synthesized (CFO@SiO2@DCO) might serve as a promising and beneficial photocatalyst for the efficient removal of water contaminants, with an additional advantage of being recyclable. The study focuses on examining and documenting the effects of NC formulations, which consist of carbon materials with high conductivity, metal enzyme cofactors, and DIET activators, on enhancing the generation of biogas from anaerobically incubated cow dung in the context of anaerobic digestion (AD). The three distinct formulations of NCs created and manufactured by Fatma Y., et al. consist of zinc ferrite (ZnFe), zinc ferrite blended with 10% carbon nanotubes (ZFCNTs), and zinc ferrite combined with 10% C76 fullerene (ZFC76). ZnFe exhibited a methane production increase of 185.3% compared to all other materials, making it the most significant improvement. The use of ZFCNTs and ZFC76 resulted in a significant increase in methane production, with boosts of 162% and 145.9%, respectively, compared to the performance of the control reactors. Also, the presence of these substances increased the hydraulic retention time. 5.4 Fullerene-based spinel ferrites: