General Considerations: All reagents were obtained commercially unless otherwise noted. Solvents were purified by passage under 10 psi N2 through activated alumina columns. Infrared (IR) spectra were recorded on a Thermo Scientific™ Nicolet™ iS™5 FT-IR Spectrometer; data are reported in frequency of absorption (cm -1 ). 1 H NMR spectra were recorded at 400, 500, or 600 MHz. Data are recorded as: chemical shift in ppm referenced internally using residual solvent peaks, multiplicity (s = singlet, d = doublet, t = triplet, q = quartet, m = multiplet or overlap of nonequivalent resonances), integration, coupling constant (Hz). C NMR spectra were recorded at 101 MHz or at 126 MHz . Exact mass spectra were recorded using an electrospray ion source (ESI) either in positive mode or negative mode and with a time-of-flight (TOF) analyzer on a Waters LCT PremierTM mass spectrometer and are given in m/z. TLC was performed on precoated glass plates (Merck) and visualized either with a UV lamp (254 nm) or by dipping into a solution of KMnO4-K2CO3 in water followed by heating. Flash chromatography was performed on silica gel (230-400 mesh) or Florisil (60-100 mesh).