1+OTA poly1+OTA a b adsorption (sat ~ 100 nmol g -1 for the strong binding sites as shown in Fig. ). Nevertheless, this study successfully demonstrated the binding between peptide 1 and OTA, even at the interfaces after its functionalization to porous materials, and this enabled us to quantify OTA extracted from coffee beans. The use of other porous materials, including porous graphene materials, with improved porosity in the liquid phase and smaller secondary particle sizes will enhance OTA separation efficiency in the future.