It is important to note that the modelling methodology developed in this study is not only restricted to Li-S batteries but is a framework that could be used for other conversion electrode batteries such as Li-or Zn-air batteries. Though this approach proved a robust framework to understand the effects of electrode heterogeneity on the battery performance, image-based models on the X-ray CT generated microstructure are computationally intensive and hence restricted to the small subvolumes. To adequately bridge the gap between volume averaged 1D models and computationally expensive 3D, image-based models, an advanced three-phase pore-network electrode-level modelling approach could be used . This would be a further step toward developing advanced electrodes with better utilisation of active materials, improved cell performance and delayed cell degradation.