We credit upcycling for the production of valuable polymers LDPE and PP that would otherwise be manufactured from virgin fossil fuels, and for the production of other valuable byproducts (including pyrolysis gasoline, wax, fuel gas, fuel oil, and C 4 streams, see for further product inventory details). Removing these carbon-intensive processes reduces the upcycling emissions factor to 0.508 tonne CO 2 eq / tonne plastic (including transport). WTE facilities generate energy in addition to managing plastic waste, so by similar reasoning, its corrected rate of emissions must take into account credits for avoided energy generation from fossil fuels. Net WTE emissions, accounting for energy generation credits, range from 1.6-2.0 tonnes CO 2 eq per tonne of plastic combusted depending on plastic type, which is significantly greater than the emissions of plastic input to upcycling. However, WTE would only receive GHG emissions credits as long as the grid electricity mix is sufficiently fossil-fuel based. Current credits were calculated using a national average grid electricity mix with an emission factor of 0.51 tonne CO 2 per MWh. As the grid becomes decarbonized, these GHG emission credits will vanish as grid electricity would already be produced from renewable sources.