Eukaryotic cell membranes are characterized by a lipid bilayer structure primarily composed of phospholipids and cholesterol. This section focuses on red blood cells (RBCs) as the primary mammalian cell model due to the abundance of lipidomics data and the routine use of hemolysis assays to estimate AMP toxicity. Notably, immune cells may exhibit significant differences in membrane composition and play critical roles in AMP activity and toxicity . Nevertheless, mechanisms underlying AMP activity are less well-studied for immune cells compared to RBCs.