On the CPU front, changes have been incremental over the past decade. Major CPU manufacturers (AMD, Intel, ARM) have converged towards a similar generic architecture: multicore processors based on out-of-order and superscalar technology. A significant development has been the increase in the number of cores per processor, now exceeding one hundred. While other technologies have emerged, none have achieved widespread adoption. Wider vectors (up to 512 bits) have been embraced by x86 architectures (initially by Intel, followed by AMD), whereas ARM continues to use shorter vectors (128/256 bits) without major performance penalties. Notably, memory technology has evolved more significantly, with very large level 3 caches using threedimensional stacking and High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) offering an alternative to the standard Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (DDR-SDRAM). The performance gains from these new memory technologies depend heavily on the application's data access characteristics.