Due to the limitation of Au discussed above, it is imperative to use a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) material such as ITO, FTO (F-doped SnO 2 ), AZO (Al-doped ZnO) and the like. ITO is one of the most popular and commonly used TCO. ITO becomes a key material for the recent all dielectric metasurfaces. The optical properties of metasurface fabricated using ITO as the ground plate in MIM metasurfaces is shown in Fig. . It shows a possibility to realize 80% transparency at visible wavelengths. In the actual fabrication, ITO was sputtered onto a soda lime glass plate and there was no transparency of at longer than 4 m wavelengths due to the absorption of the glass substrate. However, the plasmon resonance assists the frequency selective anti-reflective performance (absorption) at the resonance wavelength. The reflection spectra show the anti-reflection resonance band which is similar to the Au ground plate in MIM metamaterials discussed above. It is highly expected that selective thermal radiation at those MIR wavelength can be utilised for a greenhouse effect, i.e., a window facilitating warming up of the room.