The scope of applications of self-assembled nanoparticle structures is widening. New fields of application are rapidly emerging in different disciplines. In this section, some of these other applications of self-assembled structures are briefly highlighted. One specific class of nanostructures whose fabrication is particularly compatible with self-assembly techniques is that of photonic crystals, which are an interesting class of material for the manipulation of light at the nanoscale. In fact, three dimensional photonic crystals in most cases cannot be fabricated by thin film techniques. In the particular case of soft matter based photonic applications, self-assembly is extremely useful. Photonic crystals as antireflective or antiglare coating and their application for the light management in photovoltaic systems has already been discussed. However, other applications of metal or dielectric photonic crystals also include all-optical switching, optoelectronics, energy-harvesting, and even the future generation of electro-optical devices, such as lab-on-a-chip with all-integrated optical spectroscopy techniques. The slow light effect in photonic-crystals is especially attractive for on-chip integration and room temperature operation, and can offer wide-bandwidth and dispersion-free propagation. Due to the enhanced color phenomena of self-assembled plasmonic nanostructures or their hybrids, emerging color based applications such as full-spectrum displays, active coatings, and rewritable papers are also being extensively investigated. Alike MOFs, self-assembled films of other inherently porous materials like COFs (covalent organic framework) can be interesting for different applications. Self-assembled films of COFs nanoparticles have been shown to have excellent nanomechanical properties . Such films are generally useful for applications requiring porous thin films or membranes. Due to high surface area and dense surface coverage, self-assembled films or structures can be also be promising as antimicrobial interfaces. Self-assembly is also particularly interesting for the synthesis of chiral plasmonic structures with colloidal nanoparticles. Obviously, the possibilities for the application of self-assembly and self-assembled nanoparticle structures are countless. New reports demonstrating novel innovative applications are therefore being published in great numbers.