In this work, we carefully revisited the Raman spectra of NPCs and NPGs to quantitatively analyze the surface defects with aids of temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and nitrogen physisorption analysis. Raman spectroscopy has been used for the structure characterization of 2D graphenes and 1D carbon nanotubes, and it could also be applicable to the curved 3D analogues to provide insights into the structural disorders which breaks the translational symmetry, such as edges, defects, and grain boundaries of graphene-related materials. The TPD, based on the detection of desorbed molecules including H2, CO, and CO2, rationalizes the density of edges and adatoms, while the XRD and nitrogen physisorption validate the number of graphene layers in the carbon materials. We found that both the NPCs and NPGs mostly consist of single-layered graphene with a few single vacancies and Stone-Wales defects. In addition, a significant healing of the surface defects in the 2D honeycomb lattice of sp 2 -carbons during thermal treatment of NPCs to NPGs at 1800 ºC under inert atmosphere.