Note that traditional pyrometallurgy and Redwood Material's reductive calcination can process energized batteries of varying states of charge, health, and formats with minimal modification, whereas traditional hydrometallurgy may need to discharge energized batteries in salt bath or cryogenically remove electrolyte for safe mechanical processing. While this analysis is focused on Redwood Materials refinement pathways, the methodology can be used to evaluate additional refinement pathways (e.g., hydrometallurgy in Fig. ), or others that use different material feedstocks, refinement processes, and energy supplies.