Next, the HOMO and LUMO energy levels for the Chini clusters (n=1-8) were determined -see Figure . For the clusters having n=1-3, the HOMO energy level is above 0 eV, indicating that the small Chini clusters may be more reactive than the larger ones and/or unstable. This reactivity can be attributed to the higher energy of the HOMO, making electron donation towards a reactant more likely. In contrast, as the cluster size increases, for n=4-8, the HOMO energy levels drop below 0 eV, indicating increased stability and/or decreased reactivity.