Edecohesion, M is the decohesion energy of the intercalant M from the standard state, Ebinding, Host is the binding energy of the layered structure host, Eelectron transfer is the electron (ne -, n including positive and negative) transfer energy from the intercalant to the host, Ebinding, M-Host is the binding energy of the M-Host, and Estraining, Host is the strain energy of the Host. These decomposed energy components can be classified into three groups by colors: red; M decohesion and electronic interaction, blue; electrostatic Coulomb energy, and Green; M-Host dependent values, respectively, and they correspond to 𝛼 M-Host ∆𝐺 °f,M 𝑛 , 𝛽 M-Host /𝑟 M 𝑛 and 𝛾 M-Host in eq. 4, respectively, as shown in Figure .