The near-identical nature of the XRD spectra for the two doped photocatalysts confirms the reproducibility and accuracy of the synthesis process. This consistency indicates that the dopants (boron, cerium, and silver) were effectively incorporated into the TiO₂ matrix without significantly altering its crystalline structure. The primary peaks observed in the spectra, particularly at diffraction angles (2θ) of approximately 25.5° and 48°, correspond to the anatase phase of TiO₂, which is known to be the most photoactive phase for catalytic applications. The dominance of the anatase phase is crucial as it facilitates efficient charge separation and a high surface area, making it highly suitable for photocatalytic degradation of pollutants like ciprofloxacin.