In-situ polymerization refers to a process in which polymerization occurs directly in the presence of the catalyst, often in a reaction medium or reactor, without the need to separate or transfer intermediates. This technique is advantageous because it can improve the efficiency of the reaction and reduce the risk of contamination or degradation during processing. In-situ polymerization allows for the direct formation of CO₂-based polymers without requiring intermediate isolation steps, streamlining the production process. However, challenges remain in ensuring uniform polymerization rates and managing the distribution of polymer chain lengths, which can impact the final material properties .