Conversely, at lower pH or in the absence of BSA association, the formation of bidentate complexes is favored on Mn oxides, resulting in greater selectivity for the glycine pathway, which is a nutritional by-product. However, the glycine pathway is the predominant transformation pathway, while the sarcosine pathway, as in other studies, was not identified. Shifts in transformation pathways and their dynamics are critical for health and ecosystems, as DOM from various sources can enter natural systems, influencing both interfacial and organicorganic interactions of organic contaminants and nutrients. Overall, This research enhances understanding of organic contaminant behavior (e.g., glyphosate) at redox-active organo-mineral interfaces, where surface interactions govern retention, transport, bioavailability, and transformation in agricultural and engineered systems, offering insights for sustainable soil management and pollution mitigation strategies.