These intrinsic effects have been widely employed to understand pH effects in various electrocatalytic reactions, including CO2RR, electrochemical carbon monoxide reduction, HER, ORR, OER, and FAOR. In addition to these intrinsic pH effects, we have emphasized the importance of considering local pH effects, namely, the pH effects arising in the LRE. On one hand, the local pH shifts with the reaction rate due to the production/consumption of protons, and this pH shift is more pronounced in the intermediate pH range than in strongly acidic or alkaline contions. On the other hand, the pzc on the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) scale increases with pH, 𝐸 pzc,RHE = 𝐸 pzc,SHE + 0.0592pH.