Notably, the peak at 283.4 eV is often recognized as C-C bonds in pentagonal Kapton® rings . The last component (at 285.1 eV) should be ascribed to adventitious C-C/C-H species from atmospheric air exposure and, to some extent, C-N bonds. On the other hand, O 1s spectra were deconvoluted using two components, arising from the carbonyl group in the imide system (531.4 eV) and the ether group (533.1 eV), respectively . Fig. shows the Raman spectra for LIGs, which are produced under different operational conditions. For all samples, the D band is located at ~1345, the G band at ~1580 and 2D (or G') at ~2690 cm -1 . D (defect band) and G bands (graphitic band) correspond to structural defects and/or disorder, and sp 2 hybridized carbon atoms, respectively . The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the G band for LIGs produced at various powers, i.e. P12 and P13%, were estimated as 40 and 76, respectively, see Fig 1d . A much narrower peak for LIGs produced at 12% should be interpreted as a higher quality of graphene produced, with fewer defects, while a broader FWHM for P13% sample corresponds to the presence of defects, disorder and strain in the graphene structure . In addition, the IG/ID ratio in the P12% sample is higher corresponding to the higher quality of graphene produced under these conditions . The I2D/IG ratio for both samples is between 0.3-0.6, indicating that the created LIG contains multilayer graphene structures .