Figure shows a 2x2 matrix that illustrates the direction of carbon flow (the carbon vector) between the ground and air. Today's business as usual trajectory for the chemical industry (BDEM-BAU) results in carbon flowing from the ground (as fossil fuels) to the atmosphere (as CO2 and fugitive methane), as shown in the red square. The most economic pathways (-ME), commonly discussed in the industry today, rely on technologies that return carbon back to the ground (CCS, landfill) to lower emissions intensity. However, the more ambitious pathways (-NFAX and -NFS) require an inversion of the carbon vector, taking carbon from the atmosphere (DAC, bio) and sequestering it in the ground (CCS, landfill) to go beyond net-zero towards carbon negativity.