e. almost all deviations are extremely small and the model gives accurate estimates of density of water in the given temperature and pressure range. The contour plots of deviations in estimated density over 462 temperature and pressure combinations for different water models in Figure show exactly where in the temperature and pressure space the deviations happen, along with sign and magnitude of deviation. In these plots, blue indicates negative deviations and red the plots indicates positive deviations. The subplot for SPC is all blue, indicating negative deviation or underestimation of density in all temperature and pressure range. The deviations become large at higher temperatures and lower pressures for SPC. TIP3P also has large positive deviations for lower temperatures and high pressures and negative devia-tions at higher temperatures and lower pressures. SPC-E and TIP4P also exhibit similar behavior to TIP3P, but the negative deviations only occur above 2500 bar. TIP4P-EW and TIP4P-2005 show similar behavior to SPC-E and TIP4P though the intensity of deviations is reduced. TIP4P-ST has mostly positive deviations, as does TIP4P-FB, but with reduced intensity. TIP3P-ST shows negative deviations at lower temperatures and positive deviations at higher temperatures. GOPAL shows the lowest, minimal deviations. TIP3P, TIP4P-2005, TIP4P and SPC show both negative and positive deviations. However, magnitude of negative deviations is higher in TIP3P. SPC shows a band of negative deviation at lower temperature and then positive deviation at higher temperatures.