A Samsung 35E 3500 mAh 3.7 V battery (18650) was investigated in this work. The dimensions of the cells are specified as 18.3 × 65 mm (diameter × height). The composition of the cathode electrode was determined with ex situ X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy measurements (Figures S37 and Table ). The elemental analysis revealed that the cathode consists of LiNi0.8Al0.15Co0.05O2 (NCA). Electrochemical cycling was carried out using a Biologic SP240 Potentiostat equipped with a current booster to 4 A (BioLogic Sciences Instruments, France). The as-received battery was first discharged to 2.65 V with CC-CV protocol applying 700 mA current. The cell was cycled within the voltage limits specified by the manufacturer, 2.65 V to 4.2 V respectively. The cycling protocol included applying a constant current of 3.5 A (1 C rate with respect to the nominal capacity stated by the manufacturer) for the charge and -3.5 A for the discharge. After reaching the set potential (4.2 V for charged state and 2.65 V to discharged state) the applied current was removed and the cell was allowed to relax for 10 minutes (OCV). Then the XRD-CT measurements were performed, each scan lasting approximately 1 hr. The charge capacity was estimated to be ca. 65% of the nominal capacity provided by the manufacturer (2283 / 3500mAh = 65%).