Inspired by natural porous architectures, researchers have explored various methods to create porous structures . One such category is lattice structures, which consist of interconnected struts and nodes. These lattice structures, often manufactured using additive manufacturing techniques, can exhibit stress concentration at the strut connections . To mitigate this issue, TPMS structures have emerged as a promising solution for constructing porous materials, which represents a periodic implicit surface with zero mean curvature . Compared to other porous structure forms such as foams, fiber-based structures, and sintered metals, TPMS porous structures offer two distinct advantages: (1) precise mathematical representation using function parameters allows direct control over properties like porosity and volume specific surface area, and (2) the smooth surfaces of TPMS lack the sharp edges and junctions typical of lattice structures .