Noise-free Noisy Mitigated H2 2.00 2.00 (a) 2.00 LiH 4.00 3.88 (b) ± 0.011 4.00 Li2 6.00 6.28 (c) ± 0.003 6.00 HCN 14.00 14.01 (c) ± 0.003 14.00 Moving to topological analysis of our electron densities, we look first at atomic partial charges (Table ). The partial charges attributed to each topological atom are evaluated by partitioning space into atomic QTAIM basins (Figures and). Table shows atomic partial charges derived from such topological atoms and how noise can affect the quantification of this important chemical concept. Also shown in Table are the results following the application of our error mitigation strategy of rescaling and symmetrizing the 1-RDM. Whereas the latter approach generally improves results, its occasional failures can impart valuable lessons on how to improve chemically informed error mitigation. One case of failure of our mitigation strategy lies with the NNA of Li2, a rare (but well-known) feature in the electron density where a local maximum is present between the two nuclei (Figure ). One explanation for the reduced accuracy of the NNA's partial charge is a substantial over-occupation due to noise of the valence 𝜋 orbitals and the 2𝜎 * orbital (Figure ), all of which have but a small overlap with the NNA basin. In contrast, the valence 2𝜎 orbital exhibits a significant reduction in population due to noise and overlaps prominently with the NNA basin. In other words, it is the incorrect relative filling due to noise of the 1𝜋 and 2𝜎 * orbitals over the 2𝜎 that effectively removes electrons from the inter-nuclear NNA basin in favor of the nuclear basins. Because the rescaling aspect of our error mitigation strategy (viz. Eq. ( )) acts on all orbitals proportionally to their occupation, the 2𝜎 is scaled down to a larger extent, further exaggerating the error in this case.