Both modification of the functional groups in MOF linkers and tuning MOF-electrolyte interactions could lead to pseudocapacitive contributions to charge storage. MOFs have two possible redox-active sites, the metal node(s) and the organic linker with multiple ion adsorption sites, both of which can be exploited to enhance capacitive performances through rapid redox reactions, as shown in work with HAB MOFs (Table ). techniques in an attempt to do so. This slow progress evidences the significant experimental challenges surrounding MOFs compared to the study of carbon-based EDLCs. First, the low air-stability of many conductive MOFs may make in situ experiments more complex to set-up. Furthermore, their often low electrochemical stability windows could make elucidation of the charging mechanisms difficult due to limitations in sensitivity of experimental measurements. To expand the limits of the stable potential window, the degradation mechanisms should be explored and understood through XANES and EPR studies which can probe both the metal and the linker. For determination of the chemical environments of the charge compensating ions, NMR spectroscopy will be desirable, as it is sensitive to the local environments of the cations and anions. Furthermore, the applications of NMR spectroscopy in the field may be extended to provide insight on the impact charging has on the MOF structure, including in pseudocapacitive mechanisms and degradation. However, this technique is similarly subject to challenges. First, NMR studies of charging mechanisms rely on good resolution of the chemical environments (which is generally the case for porous carbons due to ring-current shifts, but will likely be less predictable in MOFs), and secondly many electrically conductive MOFs are inherently paramagnetic, causing significant broadening in the NMR spectra and hence exacerbating the problem of resolution.