[TOF]0 and [TOF]t are the molar mass of TOF before and after BM treatment, respectively. For the destruction of analytical-grade PFAS chemicals, TOF is the product of fluorine number and the parent PFAS concentration. The [TOF]0 of AFFF was given by the combination of CIC and IC analyses as described in the methods section. With the detection limits of [F -] by IC of 50 μg/L, [TOF]t down to the levels of nmol/L (based on targeted PFAS analysis) and μmol/L (based on CIC measurements), the highly sensitive and comprehensive analytical approaches were sufficient to determine if near-complete defluorination, arbitrarily defined as DeF > 95% was achieved.