where Jr i is the adsorption reaction rate along the 3PB. From local surface entropy production, linear laws can be defined according to Curie's principle for isotropic systems. By applying dμ s (γ) = [∂μ s (γ)/∂c s (γ)]dc s (γ), the linear law where L11(γ), L12(γ) and L22(γ) are phenomenological coefficients and μ e is the chemical potential of the electrolyte.