Additive manufacturing (AM) -the creation of physical objects layer-by-layer from digital dataenables the on-demand production of components with a variety of materials and with complex geometries . Vat photopolymerization (VP), an AM method that creates three-dimensional objects via light-induced polymerization of a liquid resin, has been widely adopted due to its material versatility, high resolution, and relatively high throughput. As a result, VP is widely used in dentistry, jewelry, footwear, and other consumer industries that require customized production at scale .