The NEWgenerator consists of three main treatment processes: (i) an AnMBR for COD and solids separation and breakdown accompanied by methane production, (ii) an NCS consisting of ion exchange (with zeolite) for nitrogen (and incidental phosphorus) removal and recovery and granular activated carbon (GAC) for COD polishing, and (iii) an EC system for disinfection (Figure ). Other ancillary units include process controls, a mini-shipping container to house the full treatment system, and a photovoltaic power unit (including photovoltaic panels, battery, DC distribution box, wiring, and other smaller required components) or grid-tied power unit (including AC conversion, DC distribution box, wiring, and other smaller required components) as the energy source. All treatment data used for this work were from a 534-day field trial of the NEWgenerator 100 v.2.0 from October 2018 to March 2020 at an informal settlement community in eThekwini Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. The system treated high-strength wastewater from a community ablution block (which operated as the frontend), where wastewater from roughly 100-200 users was fed into a valve chamber, a bar screen, and an underground equalization tank before entering the NEWgenerator system. Because the field trial was intended to test the limits of performance, identify modes of failure, and determine maintenance requirements of the NEWgenerator, the system was, at times, pushed into operational conditions that did not meet ISO requirements. Temporal data were analyzed to determine the percentage of time that the liquid effluent and residual solids from this trial period did meet ISO 30500 requirements, 8 specifically COD concentration, TSS concentration, Escherichia coli maximum concentration and LRV, pH range, total nitrogen (TN) removal, and total phosphorus (TP) removal (Table ). The two different usage categories for the effluent were assessed for COD and TSS are the threshold for unrestricted urban usage (Category A) and the threshold for discharge into surface water or other restricted urban use (Category B). Additional details about the performance of the NEWgenerator system were reported by Shyu et al. and Castro et al. The color of the boxes represents ancillary units (white) and treatment processes included both in the design of the NEWgenerator and the onsite pre-treatment (orange). The boxes with purple triangles on the upper left corner represent unit processes from which fugitive emissions (e.g., N2O) are released. There are two different energy configurations for the NEWgenerator: photovoltaic and grid-tied. The inputs to and outputs from the system and between units are categorized as liquids and solids (black arrows), electricity (yellow arrows), and recovered resources (red arrows). Outputs across the evaluated scenarios include four recovered resources: biogas from the anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR), treated sludge from the sludge pasteurization unit, liquid NH3-N from the ion exchange unit in the nutrient capture system (NCS), and water from the electrochlorination (EC) unit to be recycled for use as flush water in the frontend. We modeled the construction and performance of the NEWgenerator using the QSDsan 20 python package. QSDsan enables an integrated workflow of design, simulation, techno-economic analysis (TEA), and life cycle assessment (LCA) under uncertainty. The baseline NEWgenerator TM was designed to treat bodily waste from 100 users over a 25-year system lifetime. Since the NEWgenerator is a backend system only, the frontend, pretreatment, foundation, and sludge pasteurization units were also included to evaluate the complete NSS system's costs and environmental impacts. The frontend was based on an existing frontend toilet unit in QSDsan, assuming 1 seated toilet and 1 urinal per 25 people (4 seated toilets and 4 urinals for 100 users). Wastewater collected from the frontend (containing feces, urine, flush water, toilet paper, etc.) will firstly enter the pretreatment unit for flow equalization and trash removal. The pretreatment unit was designed using the onsite specifications for the equalization tank and bar screen from the South Africa field trial (Section S2 of the Supplementary Information [SI]). The wastewater is then treated by the AnMBR, where the liquid effluent is subsequently processed by the NCS and EC units, and the sludge from AnMBR will be processed by a pasteurization unit.