Catalyst activity optimization within the context of volcano curves has focused on catalyst design to achieve optimal turnover at the volcano curve apex. Of the existing catalysts and multimetal combinations, computational screening of the relevant surface-binding descriptors aims to identify single-or multi-descriptor optima from databases of catalytic materials . Other strategies have aimed to create and tune the properties of new materials including physical and electronic descriptors such as metal spacing and coordination, d-band center and fermi level, and electronic interaction with supports, solvents, and co-adsorbents via multi-metal mixing and/or nanostructured synthesis ; all of these approaches have achieved success in creating new materials near the maximum theoretical turnover frequency of a static catalyst.