Nevertheless, the calculation of surface energies lacks the relation to the real-world conditions of photocat- alytic water splitting, where the material would be submerged in water and exposed to air. While the surface energy equation (Equation ) can be extended to include terms to account for solvation and adsorption of water molecules on the surface, the computational cost associated with the calculations of these terms outweighs their usefulness in this study. Still, some general trends and conclusions may be drawn from the literature. An increase in hydration generally leads to a decrease in surface energy, which means the higher energy surfaces would be more likely to experience a stabilising effect. The decrease in surface energies may also lead to a smaller range of surface energies, so the Wulff shape may become more isotropic.