A main concern associated with the CO 2 capture process is the high energy demand for solvent regeneration, due to the relatively stable CO 2 -containing solution species, coupled with the high latent heat of the water co-solvent. This is particularly acute for primary amines, which tend to form more stable carbamates than is the case for secondary and sterically hindered amines, but they have the advantage of exhibiting faster reaction kinetics than the latter group of compounds. On the other hand, tertiary amines have the advantage that CO 2 reacts in an overall 1:1 stoichiometric ratio with respect to the amine solvent (the combination R3 -R1 of the above reaction set), whereas primary and secondary amines react in only an overall 1:2 stoichiometric ratio (the combination R3 -R1 -R2). However, this advantage of tertiary amines is offset by their slower reaction kinetics.