One promising method is enzymatic extraction, which utilizes specific enzymes to break down plant cell walls, releasing more dye compounds. A study by El-Dein et al. (2018) demonstrated the efficacy of enzymatic extraction from red prickly pear, achieving higher dye yields compared to conventional methods. The use of enzymes such as pectinase and cellulase not only improved yield but also reduced the extraction time significantly . The main advantage of enzymatic extraction is its eco-friendliness and efficiency, but the cost and availability of specific enzymes can be a drawback.