The presence of multiple components in photoemission spectra of metallically conductive oxides has also been attributed to final-state effects, which result from interactions between the core-holes created during photoemission and the electrons near the Fermi level. Final state effects lead to two different components in the photoemission spectra, the higher binding energy unscreened component, and the lower binding energy screened component. The screened component results from interactions with the electrons in the conduction band, resulting in a slightly lower binding energy. The splitting has been attributed to the screening of the photoelectron through the excitation of a plasma oscillation of the conduction electrons, with the energy difference corresponding to the bulk plasma energy. The consistent energy difference between component W A and W B of 1.4-1.5 eV is similar to the bulk plasmon energies measured by electron energy loss spectroscopy for metallically conductive oxides such as MoO2, WO2, and NaxWO3, which also show similar multi-component Mo 3d and W 4f PES spectra, respectively. It has also been shown that the relative intensity of the screened final state increases in intensity relative to the unscreened component with increasing carrier concentration in other doped metal oxides, which is also consistent with the increased intensity of W B relative to W A when comparing the pristine and reduced samples. Considering the impact of final state effects, the individual spin-orbit doublets in Figure are not a result of isolated, reduced tungsten species within the material, but a result of the increased concentration of conduction band electrons occupying the tungsten 5d-derived band. Consistent with this accumulation of charge, there is increased intensity near the Fermi level in the valence band photoemission spectra following reduction (Figure ).