Extraction for CDS Adulteration Analysis. For non-polar extraction, a multi-solvent process was chosen (Figure , Supporting Information). Ten tablets were taken from each of the two commercial CDS batches A (7.98 g) and B (8.07 g). First, each batch was extracted twice, accompanied by ultrasonic treatment for 20 min, with 160 mL of CH2Cl2, yielding 1.15 g (14.4%, w/w) for batch A and 1.29 g (16.0%) for batch B. This was followed by MeOH extraction under the same conditions to yield 2.63 g (33.0%) and 3.22 g (39.9%), respectively (Figure , Supporting Information). The combined CH2Cl2 and MeOH extracts of each batch were chemically profiled by (U)HPLC-UV and qHNMR. The nonpolar extraction yield of 3.78 g (47.6%) and 4.51 g (52.9%), respectively, showed that the two CDS batches from the same manufacturer had different constitutions, thereby revealing a potential quality (control) issue. For extraction of the declared polar constituents, namely vitamins, five tablets of each batch A (4.01 g) and B (4.05 g) were extracted twice, accompanied by ultrasonic treatment for 20 min, with 80 mL of 50% MeOH/H2O, yielding 110 mg (2.74%) for batch A and 470mg (11.60%) for batch B with 50% MeOH/H2O (20:1, v/w), again using the ultrasonic treatment for 20 min (Figure , Supporting Information). Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the extracts showed differences in composition for batches A and B, as also reflected by the significant differences in yield, color, and chemical profiles (Figures , Supporting Information).