for highly efficient CO 2 reduction, utilizing visible light, and demonstrating superior reaction rates compared to other photocatalysts . Investigation into first-row transition metals for photocatalytic CO 2 reduction has garnered attention . Notably, nickel supported on silicaalumina has shown efficacy as a photocatalyst for CO 2 reduction . Another approach involves the low-temperature solar-driven reduction of CO 2 to CH 4 using H 2 . Research in both photochemical and electrochemical fields aims to achieve high reaction rates by employing pure CO 2 . Additionally, a promising technology is anticipated for the utilization of low-concentration CO 2 found in exhaust gases from power plants, typically containing only 3% -13% CO 2 .