Other possible metals for controling MIM absorbance as alternatives to chromium, which, as perviously mentioned, has a 5 times larger resistance than gold, are: Ti with 17 times larger resistance, Bi 45 times, and Mn 105 times. Titanium is also frequently used as an adhesion layer between Au and SiO 2 , and it is usually considered that its detrimental effect on plasmonic properties of Au is smaller than Cr. Furthermore, not only the conductivity of a metal, but also its optical permittivity should be considered for the realization of true-perfect absorber, hence, a perfect thermal black-body emitter = = 1 (100%).