Titanium (IV) iso-propoxide (TTIP) was purchased from Alfa Aesar Co. Ltd. Dodecylamine (DDA) was purchased from Fluka. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, K-30), 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN), acrylic acid, and styrene were obtained from Sigma Co. Ltd. Personal care products including toothpaste, washing powder and face cleansing cream were bought from supermarket. All other reagents including ethanol, methanol and acetonitrile were of analytical grade and used as received without further treatment.