RNA was extracted from SKOV3-ip1 and SKOV3-TRip2 cells using the RNeasy Kit (Qiagen, UK) and cDNA was synthesised using a Quantitect Reverse Transcription kit (Qiagen, UK) as per the manufacturer's instructions. A Rotor-Gene SYBR Green (Qiagen, UK) master mix was prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions using Quantitect Primer Assay for human ACTB and ALDH1A1 (Qiagen, UK). Ct values were obtained using Rotor-Gene Q software. Change in expression was measured using the ΔΔCt method and expressed as relative expression versus the experimental control or an internal universal reference.