1. Thermal spikes: Two types of spikes are present in all profiles: First, every profile shows a single spike rising up to the equilibrium freezing temperature. For the experiments, these spikes occurred early on during the process, whereas in the simulations, more variability in terms of their time of occurrence was observed, with some spikes occurring close to the end of the process in the case of the simulation at -40°C. A second type of spikes, smaller but more frequent, was found to occur during most of the process. The number of spikes was found to increase with increasing storage temperature. We study the occurrence of these spikes in more detail in section 3.2, where we reveal that the first type is connected to the nucleation event in the monitored vials, while the second type stems from nucleation events in neighboring vials.