Subsequently, the utilization of implicit solvation improved the energy calculations taking into account long range effects that the solvent imparts on the reacting ensemble without significant computational overhead. However, the explicit addition of water molecules revealed that favorable reaction paths may be starkly different from the dry, gas-phase simulations, even with implicit solvation included suggesting that long range interactions have a less influential role on the mechanisms than short range electrostatics and, more specifically, than hydrogen bonding. These effects are predominantly due to the ease of formation of hydrogen bonds by water molecules, which lowers energies significantly , and the ability of water to form proton wires where hydrogens can concertedly move around and participate in the so-called Grotthus mechanism (van Grotthus, 1806; for example, . Furthermore, the hydroxides of H4SiO4 themselves have been shown to participate in mobilizing hydrogen through similar mechanism ) in aqueous environments.