In electrocatalysts, the primary contributors to non-noble metal alternative catalysts are transition metals, metal oxides, metal phosphides, metal chalcogenides, layered double hydroxides, alloys, and mXenes. Water splitting, oxygen evolution reaction, hydrogen evolution, oxygen reduction reaction which have applications in fuel cells, hydrogen generation, batteries, and solar cells are the major drivers of research in electrocatalysts. Driven primarily by the need for energy and its storage, a widely variety of catalysts continue to emerge in electrocatalysts.