The FFPs of total city-level emissions reported by and for Los Angeles as shown in Figure were excluded from the analyses in the preceding paragraphs. The attribution methods used in these studies only account for emissions that correlate with natural gas enduse. Operating pressures of natural gas distribution pipelines and other infrastructure and thus leak rates are thought to be to be mostly consistent year-round . If correct, this means that emissions that correlate with end-use arise from 'slip' or the incomplete combustion of natural gas. As such, other urban fossil fuel emissions are excluded, and the estimates are not directly comparable to other studies. Despite this, these studies reported high FFPs. quantified CH4 emissions for the Los Angeles basin at 27 Gg/month for the months of June-July and 45 Gg/month for the months of December-January. They regressed monthly CH4 emissions on natural gas consumption in the region, yielding a y-intercept of 22.9 (± 1.1) Gg/month. The intercept may provide an approximation of the CH4 emissions rate from all other sources in the region (i.e., those not associated with metered natural gas consumption). In this context, 15.2% (summer) and 49.1% (winter) of total monthly CH4 emissions are estimated to be explained by sources related to the metered consumption of natural gas -mainly residential and commercial. performed a similar analysis for Los Angeles as but included three additional years in their estimates, finding a comparable proportion of total CH4 emissions attributed to metered consumption (33% versus 32% from .