All solvation free energy calculations were performed in the SMx (x= 12, 8, or D) universal solvent models using QChem 5.1.2 . We selected systems by searching through the Minnesota Solvation Database version 2012 for binary systems for which QChem had (SMx) solvent parameters for both components. The Minnesota Solvation Database was selected as our reference for comparison as it was used in the parameterization of SM12 , and earlier versions were used in the parameterization of SM8 and SMD . The data in the Minnesota Solvation Database is restricted to 298.15 K, and it follows that calculations using the SMx solvent models are restricted to 298.15 K. Also, the Minnesota Solvation Database contains only solvation and transfer free energy data. We computed reference limiting activity coefficients from the solvation free energies using eq. ( ), where the self solvation free energy was computed via eq. ( ) using reference vapor pressure and molar volume data . Note that iodine and carboxylic acid containing molecules were excluded from our search. We excluded the seven iodine hydrocarbons because SM8 and SMD were not parameterized to treat iodine containing solutes . The six molecules containing a carboxylic acid functional group were excluded as they are known to dimerize in the vapor phase , and we wish to compare the use of eq. ( ) and eq. ( ) when computing limiting activity coefficients. Excluding these 13 molecules, QChem contains SMx parameters for 148 additional molecules (solvents).