in their respective lattice sites, whereas the other peaks signify the Na + ions hopping to the neighboring sites. The residence time (the time taken before the second peak arises) of Na + ions at the lattice sites is observed to be roughly 10 ∼ 15 ps. However, the third peak appears after a significantly longer time (∼ 100 ps), because the Na + ions become trapped inside the ring. Furthermore, the trapping time of Na + ions inside the ring is also found in a log-log plot of the Na + ions' MSD, as shown in Figure (b), which shows a caging of about 100 ps (roughly until the point at which the log-log MSD follows straight-line behavior) with an MSD value of about 4 Å2 before moving to the diffusive region. Interestingly, this 4 Å2 is close to a value of d 2 /2, where d is the approximate diameter of a ring (∼ 3 Å). Therefore, the log-log MSD plot also supports the ring mechanism of the diffusion of the Na + ions. The above behavior is also confirmed in the underloaded Na plane for case 1, as displayed in Figure in the supplementary information. In this case, the Na + ion also shows trapping inside a ring consisting of four high-density maxima, as revealed in Figure in the Supplementary Information. The corresponding self-van Hove correlation function also reflects a trapping time of about 50 ∼ 60 ps in Figure (a). The same time duration is also identified in the log-log MSD plot in Figure .