(green diamond) falls in line within error with the reference rates (our data: black diamond, Nicoleau data: gray + symbols) and the fitted trend. Thus, We can attribute the succinate effect observed in Figure to the formation of calcium complexes that reduce the calcium activity and the ln(Π). The dissolution rate in the presence of 5 mmol L -1 of citrate and 6 mmol L -1 of Ca(OH) 2 is shifted to lower ln(Π) compared to the rate measured in the reference system and in the presence of succinate due to the reduced Ca 2+ activity. Regardless, the rates in the presence of citrate (red diamonds) are, on average, 50 % lower than the fitted trend. The effect of monovalent cations, and more specifically Na + , on C 3 S dissolution rate has been demonstrated to be minimal . The trend observed here can thus be fully attributed to the calcium-citrate complexes that can potentially interact with the surface of C 3 S in a way that negatively affects the C 3 S dissolution rate. This would be consistent with the previous proposition that the retarder molecules can adsorb onto the surface of the clinker phases, thereby causing an inhibition of the dissolution of the clinker phases . Finally, the dissolution rate in the presence of 5 mmol L -1 of tartrate and 6 mmol L -1 of Ca(OH) 2 (blue diamond) is 76 % lower than the fitted trend.