Functional assessment of exosomes was carried out using both in vitro and in vivo models to comprehensively evaluate their neuroregenerative properties. In vitro experiments simulated neurodegenerative conditions by exposing primary neuronal cultures to oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory stimuli, thus mimicking the hostile environment of neurodegenerative diseases. Neuronal survival was quantified using immunocytochemical techniques, focusing on markers of neuronal viability and apoptosis. Synaptic plasticity and axonal growth, critical indicators of neuroregeneration, were assessed using fluorescence microscopy with immunostaining for synaptic proteins such as synaptophysin and axonal markers like growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43). These assays provided insights into the capacity of exosomes to promote neural repair and enhance neuronal resilience under stress.