All CV experiments were performed in a glass cell vial using a BASi Epsilon Potentiostat, and a C-3 Cell stand (along with BASi software) (MF-1208). A three-electrode system consisting of a 1.60 mm diameter gold working electrode (MF-2014), a -Ag/AgCl (3M NaCl) reference electrode (MF-2052), and a platinum wire auxiliary electrode (MW-1032). Electrode polishing pads and a polishing glass plate (MF-2128) (MF-1043, BASi). All electrochemical equipment listed in this section were obtained from BASi Research Products, Inc.