To reduce the computational complexity even more, empirical scoring functions of proteinligand binding have been developed. Such functions are linear combination of terms such as hydrophobic, solvation, and electrostatic interactions. The coefficients of these functions are fit via linear regression to experimental data, which consists of a set of structures with measured binding energies. One such scoring function is Vinardo. This empirical scoring takes into account both the components of the scoring functions based on the force field (van der Waals interactions, electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bond interactions) and the more complex, heuristic ones (solvation and hydrophobic interactions) .