The difference between the NCA cathode and NMC is that the chemically inactive element Mn is replaced by Al. The presence of Al in the structure adds stability, however, large concentrations of Al 3+ result in capacity decrease due to the inactiveness of aluminium. One of the major issues of the NCA cathode is that it is not stable when operated at high current, cut-off charging voltage and high charging temperature . NCA cathodes have been observed to undergo secondary phase change reactions which affects their performance detrimentally. NCA gets converted to nickel oxide at the surface where a cationic defect is present. The NiO phase increases resistance during cycling and is detrimental to the battery performance. Secondary phases of Li2CO3 and LiOH are sometimes formed at the electrode-electrolyte interface leading to reduced capacity . This is detrimental to cyclability and rate capability.