The development process for nanoparticle-based drug formulations include the in vitro screening of cellular cytotoxicity, cellular interactions and uptake, and intracellular trafficking. Routine in vitro experiments typically rely on either serum-free conditions or medium supplemented with foetal bovine serum (FBS) to evaluate the rate and extent of nanoparticle cellular uptake. Limitations associated with these experiments are the non-competitive particle uptake when treating cellular systems with serum-free media, and the lack of biologicallyrelevant cell culture conditions (i.e., flow, 3D structure) .