This spread in degradation trajectories is also observed in the low-rate C/40 capacity, the electrode-97 specific metrics Q ne , Q pe and Q Li , and discharge resistances (Figure ), all extracted from the 98 diagnostic cycles. Interestingly, the normalized low-rate capacity from the C/40 RPT degrades at the 99 same pace if not faster than the high-rate capacity (from the C/2 RPT) shown in Figure . This sug-100 gests that degradation modes impacting the non-kinetic properties of the batteries (such as loss of active Dynamic cycling enhances battery lifetime materials) become visible earlier than the ones impacting the kinetic properties of the battery (e.g. resistance growth). However, we still observed significant differences in resistance growth. Specifically, among synthetic protocols, the ones derived from urban driving (Protocols 2b and 2c in Figure ) consistently result in higher resistance growths across different average C-rates compared to highway-based protocols (Protocols 1a and 1b) (Figure ).