Osteoclasts are derived from innate immune cells called monocytes . Monocytes are more commonly differentiated into macrophages and dendritic cells. Studies have shown that these cells can transdifferentiate into preosteoclasts . Macrophages further modulate bone remodeling through the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α or bone formation factors IL-10, BMP-2, and TGF-β . In contrast, dendritic cells primarily stimulate osteoclastogenesis through RANK-RANKL activation of T cells, which upregulates T cell production of RANKL, IL-1, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α . However, not all T cells are osteoclastogenic.