defy skin aging (Table ). Figure summarizes the most frequent concepts in the patents filed by four of the top patent assignee companies: L'Oreal, Amorepacific, Noevir, and Maruzen Pharmaceuticals. Patent protection is territorial and therefore the same invention can be filed for patent protection in several jurisdictions. We thus searched for all related filings on aging mechanisms and anti-aging strategies. Certain patent family might be counted multiple times when they filed in multiple patent offices. Figure presents the flow of patent filings from various applicant locations to a variety of patent offices of filing. There are various patent filing strategies: some patent assignees, such as those from China, for example, file exclusively in their home country patent office (CN), with only a small portion filing through the World International Patent Office WIPO (WO), or other jurisdictions. Others, for instance United States and France-based applicants, have a comparable number of their home country and WO filings, and a sizable number of filings at other patent offices such as the European Patent Office (EP).