The pharmaceutical and biotech sectors (encompassing the whole of CDEV) has spawned a substantial cottage industry producing a range of commercial databases that can be classified under the umbrella of "Competitive Intelligence" (CI). One form of this are pipeline databases offered by Citeline, Clavariate, Adis, and others. To these can be added larger-scale resources providing chemistry-to-document connectivity for patents and papers, extending from clinical trials back into the research phase, including SciFinder, Reaxys, Minesoft and Excelra (n.b. the latter has associated publications such as 'Analysis of in vitro bioactivity data extracted from drug discovery literature and patents: Ranking 1654 human protein targets by assayed compounds and molecular scaffolds . However, it is important to note that the content of such subscription products is drawn entirely from public primary sources, thus referring to these as 'proprietary, databases is thus somewhat misleading. Nonetheless, the data they contain is extracted, collated, curated and cross-indexed in various value-added ways, and typically integrated under a user-friendly front-end. They can thus be used effectively and efficiently to address the range of user questions directed towards "who's been doing what, when, why, with which structures, for what results and against which diseases".