Graphene exhibits extraordinary mechanical strength, making it one of the strongest known materials. Its tensile strength is estimated to be around 130 GPa, which is roughly 100 times greater than steel. This remarkable strength is due to the robust carbon-carbon bonds within its hexagonal lattice structure. These covalent bonds form a stable and rigid network that can endure substantial forces without breaking. Despite its impressive strength, graphene is also highly flexible, allowing it to be stretched and bent without losing its structural integrity. This unique combination of strength and flexibility makes graphene suitable for a variety of applications, including advanced composites and protective coatings .