Overall, the study underscores the potential of ternary-doped titanium dioxide photocatalysts as a versatile and effective solution for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment. Future research could focus on optimizing the synthesis process, exploring the efficacy of these photocatalysts under visible light, and evaluating their performance in real-world wastewater scenarios. By advancing these technologies, we can address the dual challenge of environmental pollution and public health risks associated with AMR, paving the way for a safer and more sustainable future.