where |n⟩ denotes the nth basis state, E n is the energy of the exciton in that state, and V nm is the coupling between states |n⟩ and |m⟩. Despite its formal simplicity, the FD model has been repeatedly shown to accurately reproduce experiments across a wide range of chemical systems. In typical applications of the FD model, each basis state is chosen to represent the lowest energy singlet excitation of a given chromophore, with all other chromophores assumed to be in their electronic ground state. With this choice of basis, the parameters E n and V nm are easily interpretable as the excitation energy of chromophore n and the electronic coupling between chromophores n and m, respectively. These parameters depend on the atomistic details of the system and can be derived from theory or computed via first-principles calculation. Our two-chromophore system for generating CVCs comprises one standard chromophore, such as a Cy3 dye molecule, contributing a single exciton basis state, and one high-symmetry chromophore, such as a metal-porphyrin, contributing a degenerate pair of exciton basis states. For the standard chromophore, the exciton state represents a typical HOMO-to-LUMO (π → π * ) electronic transition. We will refer to this type of chromophore as a linear chromophore because the transition dipole vector (TDV) tends to align with the long axis of the conjugated system of atoms. For the high-symmetry chromophore, we consider a molecule with a π-electron system that is both cyclic and symmetric, specifically, possessing D Nh symmetry. We will refer to this type of chromophore as a circular chromophore due to the cyclic nature of the conjugated system of atoms. In an idealized nuclear configuration, the LUMO level of a circular chromophore contains a pair of degenerate π * orbitals. The TDVs associated with these two π → π * electronic excitations are orthogonal and oriented within the plane of the π system. We hereby allow these vectors to define the orientation of the x and y axes.