To generate the electrodes, spherical NMC particles were randomly placed in the simulation box, following the particle size distribution obtained from the experiment: a LogNormal distribution with a mean diameter of 3.55 µm and a standard deviation of 1.09 µm, with a minimum size of 1 µm and a maximum size of 7 µm (Figure ). The volume of NMC was chosen to match the experimental mass loading. Overlap between different particles due to their stochastic placement in the box was removed in a second step, with a tolerance of 0.01 % of the total NMC volume.