Our quantum calculations show that these peroxyl radicals react with CDB at a much faster rate (ranging from 1 to 3 orders of magnitude depending on the radical structure, as shown in Fig. ) compared to their corresponding allylic radicals. The rate of production analysis shows that the amount of growth caused by a liquid-phase oxygen-center radical (Fig. ) is several orders of magnitude more than that by a liquid-phase carbon-center radical (Fig. ). Moreover, due to the reason explained in Sec. 5.1, under an aerobic condition, many of these liquid-phase radicals are relatively large and have many carbon-carbon double bonds and peroxides on their backbone. This suggests that peroxyl radicals also bring in more reactive sites onto the film as they react. In short, the dissolved oxygen accelerates the film growth through the liquid-phase radical pathways, by making the liquid-phase radicals more reactive towards the solid.