Figure demonstrates the performance of upcycling when transportation costs are all raised by a uniform percentage increase. Our analysis indicate that tansportation costs can be doubled and the system will still capture 99.47% of all residential plastic waste and the economic surplus only decreases slightly; this indicates that transportation costs are not major drivers in the economics of the system (a counterintuitive result). Constraining capital costs requires resolving the MIP and obtaining new value chain designs (samples of which are presented in S-Figure ), but all other parameters are adjusted using the same network solution in Figure .