Molecules from the Opera set were compared with the challenge molecules and those with an ECFP_6 fingerprint (extended connectivity fingerprint) tanimoto coefficient (TC) greater than 0. A Methods that achieved a RMSE ≤ 1.0 log P units were mainly empirical based, and some were QM-based physical methods. Submitted methods are listed in Table . The submission REF1 ChemAxon was a reference method included after the blind challenge submission deadline, and NULL0 mean cLogP FDA is the null prediction method; all others refer to blind predictions. Empirical Reference TFE IEFPCM MST Physical (QM) Blind TFE MD neat oct (GAFF/TIP4P) Physical (MM) Blind TFE wet oct (GAFF/TIP4P) Physical (MM) Blind MD (CGenFF/TIP3P) Physical (MM) Blind EC_RISM_wet Physical (QM) Blind TFE-SMD-vacuum-opt Physical (QM) Blind MD-EE-MCC (GAFF-TIP4P-Ew) Physical (MM) Blind TFE b3lypd3 Physical (QM) Blind MD (OPLS-AA/TIP4P) Physical (MM) Blind MD LigParGen (OPLS-AA/TIP4P) the log P, which was then used to get the transfer free energy.