While the general corrosion mechanism is straightforward as expressed above, the actual corrosion process is anything but simple. It can involve multiple complex reactions depending on various factors such as environmental conditions (pH, temperature), material properties (chemical composition, surface conditions), and operational conditions (stress, chemical exposure). In the case of corrosion in the reinforcing steels embedded in concrete structures, for example, the process is largely dependent on the interaction between concrete alkalinity, chloride and carbon dioxide ingress, and surface conditions of the steel. The concrete surrounding the rebars consists of calcium and aluminium silicates and creates a highly alkaline environment upon their reaction with moisture/water. Therefore, the resulting pH can be as high as 12.5 to 13.5. The formation of Ca(OH)2 is the key contributor to such alkalinity in concrete pore solution. This alkalinity plays a major role in stabilizing the naturally occurring oxide passive layer on steel bars and helps diminish active corrosion.