𝜃𝜃 ̅ is the averaged volumetric heat capacity; while 𝜌𝜌, 𝐶𝐶 𝑝𝑝 , and 𝜀𝜀 are the density, gravimetric heat capacity and volume fraction for the electrode and electrolyte, respectively. The densities and the specific heat capacities of the electrolytes and the dry electrodes can be found in Table , and the electrolyte volume fraction in the positive and negative electrode is 0.335 and 0.25 respectively. Similarly, the averaged density 𝜌𝜌̅ of the saturated electrodes can be calculated from the densities of the electrode solid and liquid components: