Depending on the goals, degree of accuracy and available computational resources, different model types can be chosen. As an example, manufacturers could choose to work with low dimensional models like the Single Particle Model (SPM) or Pseudo 2-Dimensional (P2D) model, due to their advantage of offering fast, reliable, and computationally inexpensive results . However, if structural features and inhomogeneities in electrodes are relevant to the electrochemical performance, the use of fully resolved 3D models (with defined geometry, like shown in Figure ), would be preferred, even if they are more computationally expensive. Regarding the second challenge for creating hybrid recycled electrodes, PBMs could be used as a probe tool to study the electrochemical performance of the recycled material alongside the pristine one. A crucial role of these models will be to elucidate the electrochemical fingerprint of these new hybrid electrodes, since describing each active material by a set of coupled equations can allow to decouple the contribution of each component to the total measured voltage, following the approach of blend electrodes .