Biological degradation leverages natural processes, such as enzymatic or microbial degradation, to break down polymeric waste into simpler, biodegradable forms. Certain microorganisms and enzymes are capable of metabolizing synthetic polymers such as polyester, converting them into biodegradable products . In this process, specific enzymes, like polyester hydrolases, are used to catalyse the breakdown of polyester into its monomeric components, which can then be further processed into biodegradable composites . Although biological degradation is still in its early stages of development, it shows great promise as an environmentally friendly and energy-efficient approach to recycling textile waste. However, challenges remain regarding the efficiency and scalability of these processes.