However, these thermodynamic diagrams are insufficient to distinguish between the case where a H + is transferred from hydronium to the B(org) in the organic phase across the liquid-liquid interface, and where H + is transferred from hydronium to an intermediate B(aq) within the aqueous phase to produce interfacial HB + (aq). The HB + (aq) intermediate would then be subjected to Δ 𝑜𝑜 𝑤𝑤 𝜙𝜙 and transferred across the interface to carry the observed current. A depiction of the possible pathways for facilitated proton transfer is shown in Figure . While it is expected that highly lipophilic (large partition coefficient) bases would transfer a proton via the interfacial-direct mechanism, and mildly lipophilic bases via the interfacial-indirect mechanism, a quantitative relationship between thermodynamic and kinetic variables has not yet been developed to the best of our knowledge.