In the CADD context, voxel grids can be used to represent protein-ligand complexes from a computer vision perspective . A voxel grid is essentially a four-dimensional tensor that includes the usual three spatial dimensions -width, height, and depth -and a fourth dimension for various "channels," akin to colour channels in digital images. Each voxel, the 3D equivalent of a 2D pixel, holds a specific value within this three-dimensional space.