The KD value of the interaction between target peptide FTVRDLS and the nanosheet has been calculated at 0.415 nM (Table ). This shows that Hf-BTB-NH2 nanosheets exhibit extremely high affinity towards the target peptide FTVRDLS and the strength of this specific interaction is comparable to natural recognition components. The interaction of this nanosheet with non-target peptides, produced KD values of 271 nM and 1910 nM for YNYRNLL and NNWWAPA, respectively. This suggests a high degree of selectivity and specificity towards the target peptide, with an approximate 650fold and 4600-fold improvement in affinity compared with offtarget YNYRNLL and NNWWAPA, respectively. This is further evidence that Hf-BTB-NH2 nanosheets are excellent candidates as biomolecular recognition components within next-generation biosensors.