The molecular-level understanding of RNA hydration dynamics provided by such approaches will be important in a number of contexts. These include drug binding and the formation of protein-nucleic acid complexes -key for the regulation of gene expression-as well as the the formation of RNA-protein biomolecular condensates through liquid/liquid phase separation, as these processes all involve dehydration of the slowest RNA hydration sites, phosphate groups and grooves. Depending on the relative timescale of binding and water dynamics, hydration dynamics can play an important role in those essential biochemical processes.