(Figure ). For batch purposes (decagram scale) RVC is workable, however, it lacks the mechanical strength to be applied in a stacked cell flow reactor for further scale-up, whereas carbon-based electrodes such as graphite do not achieve the desired reactivity. By design, parallel plate flow reactors have leak-tight cells created by stacking cell components and tightening via nuts and bolts which the rigid and fragile RVC foam cannot withstand. GC, on the other hand, is mechanically robust, yet has cost-prohibitive issues on scale as with noble metals.