The separation was performed following the protocol by Li et al 56 . DOC-SWCNTs were with PEG (MW 6000 Da, 8% m/m), dextran (MW 70000 Da, 4% m/m) and SDS (0.5% m/v). Then, the SWCNT chiralities in the two phases could be adjusted by adding HCl. After three steps, monochiral (6,5)-SWCNTs (without or with defect) could be collected in the bottom phase (B3). Next, the solution was dialysed (300 kDa dialysis bag, Spectra/Por, Spectrum Laboratories Inc.) against 1% DOC solution to remove Dextran and obtain stable solutions.