Nitro group reduction of nitroarene 11 to aniline 12. The nitro group reduction could be performed in aqueous surfactant solution using Pd/C and atmospheric hydrogen pressure. It was necessary to include HCl as the free-base aniline is highly unstable. Because product 12 is water soluble, isolation from the aqueous solution is not straightforward. Fortunately, it was found that the subsequent SNAr reaction could be performed in a tandem fashion (see tandem sequence below).