for CC, AP and WU, whereas LU demonstrates 45% lower impact score compared with that of the CNC64 product. Electricity is the main contributor to all the investigated environmental impact categories, with 75~85% for AP, 86~92% for CC, 31~46% for LU, and 98~99% for WU. The influence of other process inputs (NaOH, H2SO4, and H2O) is negligible, which is dramatically different from the scenarios without acid recycling. This is because full acid recycling scenarios utilize all resources, but at a cost of significantly higher energy consumption.