Vibrio cholerae exhibits a peculiar modification of its acyl chains by attaching a glycine or di-glycine substituent through an esterification reaction (Figure ). This reaction involves the carboxyl group of the amino acid and a hydroxyl group on the acyl chain, leaving the amino group free and positively charged. Alongside this peculiar (di)glycine modification, V. cholerae employs other common LPS modification strategies, such as increasing the number of acyl chains and attaching pEtN moieties to Lipid A and core sugars . While the glycine modifications of acyl chains are a peculiarity of V. cholerae, the incorporation of glycine moieties into the core-oligosaccharide of LPS is more widespread and observed in species such as Haemophilus influenzae and Shigella flexneri .