An alternative to MD is kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC, also known as dynamic Monte Carlo) , which has been extensively applied to study materials kinetics including, rechargeable batteries , solid-oxide fuel cells , catalysis , a) msedz@nus.edu.sg b) pcanepa@nus.edu.sg crystal growth , vacancy diffusion in alloys , thin film growth , and fluid flow . kMC is particularly useful in quantifying ionic transport in battery materials, as demonstrated by van der Ven et al. in electrode materials, such as Li x CoO 2 , Li x TiS 2 , Li 1+x Ti 2 O 4 . Notably, Deng et al. used kMC to estimate the conductivity of Na in solid electrolytes: Na 1+x Zr 2 P x Si 3 -x O 12 , as a function of Na content and temperature, eventually sampling a vast compositional, spatial, and temporal scale. kMC can also be used to examine the structural evolution of nano-particles as well, as demonstrated by Li et al. .