Higher glycolysis in SLE T cells is achieved through a higher expression of GLUT1 24 and higher OXPHOS 25 is achieved through an increased mitochondrial biomass . Paradoxically, mitochondria in SLE produce less ATP compared to healthy controls (HC) even though they are hyperpolarized . Additionally, evidence suggests that there are significant differences in glutamine and lipid metabolism in SLE T cells. A subset of CD4 + T cells producing IL-17 (Th17 cells) is expanded in SLE patients. Based on studies in mice, differentiation of Th17 cells relies strongly on glutaminolysis , as well as de novo lipid and cholesterol synthesis .