Let there be synthetic life: Today, we are not restricted anymore to naturally existing organisms and their DNA. Affordable chemical DNA synthesis enables de-novo creation of the entire genome of an organism. Ideally, a much greater degree of control can be achieved, and relationships between genotype and phenotype can be directly tested, which leads to a completely new way to understand biology . In 2008, the first fully synthesised bacterial genome was presented by Craig Venter and colleagues, a 583 kb small Mycoplasma strain . Next, the genome of E. coli was redesigned and engineered . Currently, the synthetic genome of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is nearing completion as the aim of the Sc2.0 initiative , which will be the first synthetic genome for a member of the group of eukaryotes.