Electrolytes. Bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate (BATPBCl) was synthesized by dissolving equal molar amounts of bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium chloride and potassium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate separately in 2:1 (v/v%) methanol to water solution. The solution of potassium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate was added dropwise to the bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium chloride solution under fast stirring, and we observed a white precipitate forming immediately. The resulting mixture was left stirring for 1 h, followed by vacuum filtration with a glass frit filter. The resulting paste was removed with a clean plastic scoopula and transferred to another vial with more of the water methanol mixture, then stirred on high speed for 10 min. The filtered precipitate is then transferred to a clean vial and recrystallized in hot ethanol. Once dried in oven overnight, or simply under vacuum, 25 mg of the resulting powder is dissolved in 5 mL trifluorotoluene to make a nominal 5 mM solution of BATPBCl in TFT. The aqueous electrolyte was made by diluting 12.1 N HCl with 18.2 M𝛺𝛺 cm water to the desired concentration. The bases were made in ~5 mM stock solutions, and then diluted 10x by volume in the supporting electrolyte using analytical micropipette.