On the other hand, Gibbs free energy change combines enthalpy and entropy considerations to determine the spontaneity of a reaction. A negative ΔG indicates that the combustion process is thermodynamically favorable under given conditions. This parameter is essential for predicting reaction behavior such as reaction rate constant and reaction efficiency such as yield and selectivity. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of ΔG in designing combustion systems that maximize energy output while minimizing environmental impact. For example, understanding the Gibbs free energy change in alkane combustion can aid in developing processes that reduce greenhouse gas emissions . Along with the enthalpy change, the change in Gibbs free energy is essential for evaluating reaction feasibility and optimizing conditions in chemical processes. The calculation of the chemical exergy of any substance from a given reference environment requires knowing its Gibbs free energy . Reaction engineers rely on ΔG to establish optimal temperature and pressure conditions for efficient fuel combustion, such as in gas turbines or internal combustion engines. Additionally, ΔG is used to optimize catalysis by evaluating how catalysts reduce activation energy and improve reaction rates, as seen with platinum in catalytic converters for cleaner emissions. Table highlights the roles of ΔH and ΔG in energy efficiency, reactor design, and environmental considerations.