The global annual production of turpentine for the last 15 years lies at 300 000 -350 000 t/year, some of which is obtained from the tapping of live trees ("gum turpentine") and from the distillation of wood stumps. The majority of turpentine (60 -70%), however, is generated as a by-product from the Kraft pulping process, the globally prevailing paper manufacturing process. With a production of more than 100 million tons of Kraft pulp per annum, the Kraft pulping process accounts for more than 60% of the worldwide pulp production. During Kraft pulping, softwood is cooked in an alkaline sodium sulphide solution inside a pressurized digester to extract cellulose fibres for paper production. Hereby, "crude sulphate turpentine" (CST) is obtained by capturing the relief vapours of the digester, which are composed of biomass monoterpenes and sulphur compounds that stem from the cooking solution. On average, 3 -15 kg CST can be obtained per tonne of Kraft pulp, depending on the origin and type of wood used. For Scandinavia, where most of the European Kraft pulping takes place, the average CST yield from Kraft pulping is about 10 kg/t pulp. The obtained bio-waste CST is commonly sold to industry for low value applications, with about 30% of commercially sold CST produced in Europe. In 2017, the market price of CST was approximately £170/t, which is significantly lower than the price of fossil resources in the same year, when a barrel of crude oil cost on average $54 (Europe Brent, ~$400/t) and the commonly employed fossil-derived feedstock benzene cost $830/t. Notably, the prices of both these commodities have since increased to $108/barrel 6 and $1500/t on average, respectively (Jan-Jul 2022). As such, CST is not only a bio-renewable and locally available, but also a cheap source of organic molecules.