Active colloidal particles that respond to external fields, chemical reactions, and light exhibit exciting dynamics observed in biological systems, such as propulsion , selforganization , synchronized motion , dynamic assembly , leader-follower behavior , swarming , and standing waves . Active colloidal matter has been shown to rapidly transport through porous media and confinement , pickup and deliver cargo , sense biomolecules , and complete tasks using swarm dynamics . In particular, electric fields have proven highly versatile in directing colloidal assembly. Electric fields stimulate direct interparticle interactions between colloids, such as dipole-dipole interactions, that can form colloidal molecules , crystals , and spinners . On the other hand, electric fields can stimulate electrokinetic fluid flows that induce mutual hydrodynamic interactions between colloids to generate colloidal swimmers or assemblies with tunable structure . However, stimuli driven active colloids are generally limited to exhibiting a single steady state behavior, such as assembly of a unique structure or a single propulsion mode, in response to a constant external stimulus. Similar to robotic systems, the external stimulus must be actively modulated to reconfigure the active colloids into different states (e.g., Figure ) .