NGF is required for the growth and maintenance of neurons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and cholinergic neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) . The mature and active form of NGF is formed from the former Proteolysis of the body form (ProNGF). It is required for normal development and adulthood and possesses pro-apoptotic and neurotrophic effects . NGF affects the survival, differentiation, and phenotypic characteristics of hematopoietic stem cells ). NGF receptors are expressed in immunological organs and cell populations , mast cells, granulocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes . In animals, NGF has been shown to ameliorate neurological abnormalities following brain injury. Protection of nerve growth factor The infant's brain is safeguarded from hypoxic-ischemic damage . By interacting with TrkA, NGF increases neuron survival and differentiation. TrkA initiates receptor phosphorylation and triggers signaling cascades downstream. NGF stimulates TrkA panning. The proteasome deubiquitinating enzyme trims the K63-ubiquitin chain before the TrkA receptor being transported to the lysosome for destruction following digestion and subsequent uptake into endocytic vesicles . The Trk receptor activates multiple small G proteins, including Ras, Rap-1, and the Cdc-42-Rac-Rho family, as well as MAP kinase , and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt . Additionally, pathways mediated by phospholipase-C (PLC-) . Sorting neuronal cells following TrkA endocytosis has a substantial effect on their survival and differentiation . NGF stimulates TrkA receptors, resulting in a brief high-amplitude burst of PI3K-Akt signaling, followed by a steady-state with a decreased amplitude . NGF-induced PI3K-Akt signaling is preferentially activated along axons at mitochondrial-containing locations. The route is determined by oxidative phosphorylation . Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis contribute to the onset and maintenance of NGF-TrkA signaling along embryonic sensory axons in distinct temporal and geographical patterns.