Where 𝐶 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑘 (F) is the capacitance of the stack, ∆𝑄 (C) are the accumulated charges, ∆𝑉 (V) is the total voltage change, 𝑉 0 (V) is the voltage window, 𝑣 (V/s) is the scan rate, 𝑖 (A) is the resulting current, and 𝑡 (s) is the time for a complete voltage scan.