The reaction appears to be nearly stoichiometric (e.g. assuming the layered oxide has a composition of LiNiO2 and assuming the cathode material is completely composed of the cathode material, 0.2 g of cathode material would require 0.1639 g of NaOH whereas the 0.5M NaOH solution used in the experiments contained approximately 0.2003 g which explains why 0.5M is sufficient to convert the LO into the equivalent hydroxide). Therefore, if the feedstock is known to be purely layered oxides such as NMC, the amount of sodium hydroxide can be calculated precisely, avoiding unnecessary use of excess reagents thus minimising waste. As most reports that use this method to eliminate PVDF use a large excess of LiOH to achieve a similar aim (e.g. 4M), the NaOH step can achieve a similar result while conserving both reagent and lab resources. Once the LO hydroxide was obtained, LiOH•H2O (10% excess) was ground with the sample and heated at 450°C before regrinding and heating to 850°C. The resulting PXRD data are shown in Figure . The results show that a phase pure layered oxide is obtained after the heat treatment. The shoulder that was present in the recovered material prior to treatment has now been removed indicating successful regeneration of the ordered layered phase. The small graphitic contamination, resulting from either contamination from the anode or from the carbon additive, was also removed after the annealing step. SEM-EDX analysis was conducted on the regenerated samples (Figure , Table ). The data show a uniform distribution of elements, supporting successful resynthesis of the layered oxide phase with relatively small particle size. Elemental analysis suggests that the regenerated material equated to a composition of LiNi0.78Co0.14Mn0.01Al0.07O2 which, as highlighted earlier, is more consistent with materials commonly referred to as NCA. The Ni/Co/Mn/Al ratios correlate well with ICP-OES data of the digested cathode materials after ascorbic acid leaching, indicating that all metals were present in the M(OH)2 formed. The small decrease in Ni and increase in Al may be associated with the initial process to separate the cathode from the Al current collector. Future work will explore alternative milder routes to liberate the cathode material from the aluminium current collector, therefore potentially reducing Al contamination. Nevertheless, this route, once optimised, is advantageous as industry currently synthesises layered cathode materials through a hydroxide/annealing step, therefore potentially allowing this recycling process to slot easily into and supplement the pristine supply chain, helping manufacturers more easily meet targets for use of recycled materials in new batteries.