The VSC-modified rate profile takes the real part of Eq. A17, and ω = ω 0 . As a special example to do the decomposition in Eq. A15, direct discretization of the spectral density function will be a most convenient and accurate way to numerically evaluate Eq. A14, then the VSC rate of Eq. 41. Using the discrete definition of spectral density (cf. Eq. 11),