Understanding the roles of species transport and transformation is crucial in elucidating the complexities of pathophysiological conditions in the cardiovascular system. These processes, including chemical species transport by diffusion and convection, reactions, and their coupling with kinetic and biomechanical factors, significantly influence the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. Chemical species transport through diffusion, which involves random molecular movement from regions of high concentration to low concentration, facilitates essential processes such as the distribution of oxygen, nutrients, and signaling molecules; waste removal; and the associated reactions at the tissue and cellular levels.