Vesicle extrusion. Glass test tubes were filled with 200mL of chloroform. 28nmol of lipid from a master stock was then injected beneath chloroform in the test tube. Lipid films were then dried down under argon onto the test tube sides before being desiccated overnight. Films were then resuspended in 1x phosphate buffered saline (137mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, 8mM NaPO4, pH 7.2, submicron filtered) and vortexed for 1 minute. The buffer with the resuspended lipids was then passed through a membrane with 100nm pore size 61 times while being heated to 65 ˚C to form SUVs (small unilamellar vesicles).