In continuous operation of the bench-scale setup, CO 2 capture rates are obtained by: where ṁi and ṁo denote the respective inlet and outlet mass flows of gas, and w CO2,i and w CO2,o the mass fractions of CO 2 at the reactor inlet and outlet, respectively. The mass fraction w i of species i is calculated using the measured mole fraction y, the molar mass M i of the individual species i, and the molar mass of the mixture M :