In (xy-polarized). Consistent with the considerations above, the intensity of the out-of-plane feature A is maximal at grazing incidence (20°), whereas the in-plane transitions B are most intense at normal incidence (90°). This indicates a preferred orientation of the molecule parallel to the substrate surface. The spectral shape of the Co L3 edge is almost identical for the coverage in the monolayer range (0.34 nm) and the multilayer film, indicating that the orientation of the first molecular layer is maintained in the thin film. This behavior on bulk MoS2 substrates is identical for CoPc and CoPcF16. A more detailed comparison of the spectral shapes in Figure with literature data (e.g. Refs. ) reveals that tilt angles between the molecules and the substrate surface are rather small or even negligible. Thus, we can conclude that the face-on orientation of CoPc and CoPcF16 is favored on bulk MoS2. While the molecular orientation on bulk MoS2 provides critical insight, it's essential to recognize that this orientation could be influenced by numerous factors on real MoS2 samples like, e.g. 2D layers or flakes. For instance, the substrate's surface roughness and the size of its atomically flat terraces can significantly impact the direction of molecules. This leads to the question if the determined molecular orientation of cobalt phthalocyanines on bulk MoS2 applies also to smaller flakes, which are of particular interest for applications. Due to the small dimensions of the MoS2 flakes, a microscopic technique is needed. A certain PEEM measurement mode, spectromicroscopy, is particularly useful here. Spectromicroscopy essentially means taking stacks of PEEM images while scanning the incoming photon energy or the kinetic energy of the emitted electrons; by tracing a pixel (or lateral region) through the image stack the former yields laterally resolved (μ-)XAS, the latter laterally resolved (μ-)PES.