Performing ureterovesical anastomosis in kidney transplantation is another main step in the surgery . However, surgical error and ureteral ischemia resulted necrosis will cause the occurrence of ureteral complications such as urinary leakage (incidence of ~9.3%) and ureteral stenosis (incidence of ~10.5%) at the site of the ureteral junction, which threaten the graft function . The excellent in vivo imaging capability of DIPT-ICF NPs enables its application in diagnosis of ureteral complications caused by anastomotic failure. With injecting DIPT-ICF NPs (0.1 mg/mL, dispersed in PBS solution) into the ureter anterogradely via the renal pelvis (Fig. ), the ureter and bladder were immediately illuminated. As shown in Fig. , there was no urinary leakage or obstruction in the anastomotic site in the successful anastomosis model, and the bladder could be successfully light up. However, for the obstruction model of ureterovesical anastomosis, the obstruction prevents recipient's bladder being filled with the DIPT-ICF NPs and leads to the lack of fluorescent signal inferior to the anastomotic site of the ureter and bladder (Fig. ).