The adsorption configurations of small molecules on surfaces can influence many processes in surface physics, chemistry, and catalysis . In biosensing, for example, the orientation of sensing molecules on the surface of biosensors is crucial as it can affect the interaction between the sensing molecule and the target analyte. The sensitivity and selectivity of the biosensor can be improved by controlling the orientation of the sensing molecule on the surface . However, studying molecular configurations at the sub-nanoscale scale using macroscale tools has been a persistent challenge.