By positioning the template within the electrospinning device, the electrospinning parameters were meticulously controlled to ensure the deposition of nanofibers around the 3D printed structure. The microscopic images of the integrated 3D printed and electrospun fibers in tubular shape are presented in Figures and, respectively. The tubular structure features electrospun fibers covering its exterior and 3D printed porous structures on the interior, as illustrated in Figure . This configuration highlights the multiscale and multilayered feature of the tubular construct. Remarkably, the electrospun fibers displayed exceptional adherence to the 3D printed structure, as shown in Figure , exhibiting a strong attachment that could not be easily separated.