NMR experiments were carried out on an Avance Neo 400 MHz spectrometer (Bruker, Germany) equipped with a temperature-controlled 5 mm probe head. The spectra were recorded at a temperature of 65 °C. A standard 1 H pulse program ('zg90') from Bruker was used with a relaxation delay (d1) of 25 s and an acquisition time of 2 s. The number of scans was either 16 or 32. For sample preparation, 5 mg of carrageenan were mixed with 1 mL of deuterium oxide and treated in a water bath at 70 °C until the polysaccharide was completely dissolved.