To gain a deeper understanding of the differences in σe between the experimental microstructures depending on the SC and AM PSD, as we expect that CBD intrinsic conductivity would depend on SC values, we fitted the intrinsic conductivity of the CBD within the simulated microstructure AM1 to be 9.88 S m -1 , as shown in Figure . This analysis reveals that the primary source of variation in σe values stems from the geometrical heterogeneities within the CBD phase of the two microstructures. Figure provides a detailed comparison of the CBD phase, highlighting the distribution of CBD particles (red) and pores (black). It is evident from Figure that the AM1 microstructures, derived from 50% and 52% SC slurries, exhibit a higher prevalence of pores between the CBD particles. These pores contribute to the observed differences in electronic conductivity by disrupting the conductive pathways within the CBD phase. The difference in CBD conductivity values of the AM1 microstructures can be attributed to variations in the distribution of conductive carbon and insulating binder within the slurry. The conductive carbon and binder not only influence the overall conductivity but also affect the mechanical and structural integrity of the microstructures. A heterogeneous distribution of these components leads to an uneven formation of conductive networks and increased pore formation, which in turn reduces the effective conductivity. Moreover, the spatial arrangement and connectivity of the CBD particles play a crucial role in determining the σe. In the AM1 microstructures with higher porosity, the conductive pathways are interrupted more frequently, resulting in lower overall conductivity. Conversely, a more homogeneous distribution of CBD particles and fewer pores would enhance the connectivity of the conductive network, thereby increasing σe. These findings underscore the importance of optimizing the formulation and processing parameters of the slurry to minimize geometric heterogeneities and enhance the conductivity of the CBD phase.