on Mn oxide is also associated with surface water loss. Adsorption of BSA is higher on hausmannite than on K-birnessite, and also higher at pH 4.6 than 7.2, influenced by pHdependent electrostatic forces. No significant protein hydrolysis (i.e., break of C-N linkage) was observed, as no band shifts or signal loss were detected for amide II during BSA coating and stabilization (Figure ). Therefore, we do not expect any potential interference from BSA breakdown on the surface of Mn oxides in this study.