3. Electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged phosphate backbone of the DNA and multivalent cations that can be taken advantage of in conformational changes in DNA nano-assemblies , 4. Hydrophobic interactions due to the basic section of the DNA can offer advantages in constructing DNA-based biomaterials, such as stabilizing DNA, enhancing interaction with other nanomaterials, adjustability, and enabling the construction of higher-order self-assembly structures all of which can be improved by increasing the hydrophobicity of the DNA as well, to synthesize DNA-based amphiphilic block copolymer . 5. Metal coordination through phosphate groups or nitrogenous bases of the DNA, which can be applied in DNA-metal nanomaterials by assisting baseparing hybridization , . . Conjugation with the other modules via modifying the functional groups at the ends of DNA strands that can be assisted by other types of interactions such as basepairing or hydrophobicity to form micelles, tubes, and vesicles or other various architectures which also protect against enzymatic degradation and improves cell uptake , , , . Capability of conjugation with other bio modules can also help in shaping the macroscopic morphology, from small hydrogels to large ones Moreover, DNA's thermodynamic stability arises from the hydrogen bonding between the complementary base pairs and the stacking interactions between adjacent base pairs. This stability allows DNA to maintain its double helix structure under a wide range of conditions and protects genetic information .