Organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) is a bacterial enzyme that can detoxify a wide range of organophosphorus (OP) agents by hydrolyzing various phosphorus-ester bonds (P-O, P-F, P-CN, and P-S). OP compounds are toxic molecules used primarily as pesticides and nerve agents. OP compounds cause severe neurotoxic effects by covalently binding to acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine. Binding by OP inhibits AchE, resulting in accumulation of neurotransmitter and rapid death in insects and humans due to lost control of respiratory muscles . Current medical countermeasures, including atropine and oxime-based reactivators ) that target the down-stream pathways of OP, act through reactivation of AChE, blocking acetylcholine receptor activity or simply easing the symptoms. A direct method that can hydrolyze OP agents before they enter the central nervous system is needed. Currently, OPH is the only enzyme used in organophosphate remediation , but more investigation is needed to improve the use of OPH in medical therapy. The advantage of using OPH therapy over oxime-based treatment is rapid hydrolysis of OP agents in the circulatory system. Thus, nerve agents are eliminated before penetrating the blood-brain barrier and exerting effects in the nervous system.