Figure and Table highlight the contributions of β-pinene production, paracetamol manufacture (process steps I -VI) and waste disposal to the overall cradle-to-gate impact result for each ReCiPe category. Interestingly, the impacts of waste disposal and their effects on the overall LCIA results were found to vary vastly between different impact categories. This is because the employed waste treatment procedures include waste-to-energy incineration processes that produce electricity and steam, which grant environmental credits to the waste disposal process due to avoided burdens of producing these energy carriers otherwise. These credits incur a net environmental benefit for waste disposal in 3 out of 19 ReCiPe impact categories, and strongly influence the overall LCIA results of the paracetamol production process. However, while waste hierarchies generally favour waste-to-energy strategies over landfilling, further process development will aim to substitute incineration with superior strategies, which were not explored in this study due to the early-design-stage data limitations.