The continued cost declines in the wind, solar, and energy storage technologies have expanded their role in deep decarbonization of the electric power sector (Figure ) and economy-wide electrification of end-uses. For example, in the net-zero by 2050 scenario of the International Energy Agency (IEA), wind and solar will provide 70% of the global electricity generation, while electricity is projected to increase from 20% of the global energy consumption (2020) to nearly 50%. In addition, electrification-based decarbonization or "electro-decarbonization" solutions in the transportation and building sectors (e.g., electric vehicles, heat pumps) are already commercially viable and deployed at scale. In contrast, decarbonization pathways for the industrial sector, which accounted for 24% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 2019 , are less certain. Moreover, industrial sector emissions have grown faster over the past two decades than in any other sector, driven by demand growth for materials. As demand for industrial products is typically in lockstep with economic growth, there is an urgent need to develop and deploy scalable, sustainable production technologies so that economic growth can be decoupled from GHG emissions. This Perspective focuses on the opportunities and challenges for electro-decarbonization of the chemical industry, the third largest source of global industrial emissions in 2019 and a major global source of direct and indirect economic productivity and employment.