Three studies examined CH4 emissions rates from natural gas distribution facilities such as city-gate and meter and regulator (M&R) stations . used a hi-flow sampler and downwind tracer releases at 229 facilities operated by 13 different gas utility companies across the U.S. They found significant reductions in CH4 emissions relative to , which acquired measurements from several of the same facilities in a 1992 campaign. attributed these reductions to equipment replacements, facility rebuilds, and greater identification and repair of leaks. Overall, nation-wide estimates of emissions from M&R facilities in were 7 to 13 times smaller than EPA estimates. mapped CH4 concentrations at the fenceline of 33 distribution facilities in Calgary, adapting a version of the EPA's Other Test Method (OTM) 33A to quantify emissions downwind at six of the facilities. Based on concentration maps, wind direction, and mercaptan odor, 22 out of the 33 facilities had a high probability of emitting. In Montreal, used flux chambers to measure CH4 emissions from sources at 27 individual facilities. These measurements were performed across six unique facility subtypes including branch, gate, predetention, district regulating, block valve, and telemetry stations. Many of these facility subtypes can be categorized as M&R stations (e.g., , but the differences between these facilities, their processes, and equipment are not well documented in the literature.