This form ensures that each dynamic density is discouraged from increasing it's presence near overlapping nucleobases and is proportional to the amount of density near the overlapping site as well. Here, s nad and τ nad are two universal parameters applied to χ and do not depend upon what atom is being used, κ is a conversion factor to ensure that χ is in atomic units, and ), the variables s (•) to describe unit-less scaling factors proportional to the energy being applied to, and τ (•) to denote unit-less scaling factors applied to exponents.