Antimicrobial agents have been widely used to prevent and treat infections and promote growth in humans and animals. However, the unfortunate misuse and widespread application in food production, farming, toiletries, and cleaners have led to multi-drug resistant bacterial strains (9). This alarming rise in antibiotic resistance poses a significant threat to global health, limiting the effectiveness of existing treatments and necessitating the urgent development of novel antimicrobial strategies. Conveniently, ZnO nanoparticles exhibit a wide range of antibacterial activities. They have been reported to inhibit the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Enterococcus faecalis , to name a few cases. Furthermore, ZnO-based materials can initiate antibacterial activity even without the presence of light . This property allowed for ZnO nanoparticles to be a promising candidate for combating drug-resistant bacteria, providing an alternative to traditional antibiotics in various medical and industrial applications. Nevertheless, like other metal oxides, zinc oxide can change its physicochemical characteristics under the influence of the environment, and, unfortunately depending on its concentration, ZnO can be hazardous to the life of living organisms and ecosystem safety . Ultimately, a balanced approach to the use of ZnO nanoparticles is essential, ensuring their benefits in combating drug-resistant bacteria without compromising organismal health or safety standards.