Among the remarkable contributors to this evolving landscape are marine mussels, particularly admired for their extraordinary adhesion in challenging aquatic environments . This adhesive prowess is primarily attributed to a unique set of proteins, wherein 3,4dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-DOPA) plays a central role . The inherent biocompatibility and adhesive strength of L-DOPA make it an attractive candidate for biomedical applications, ranging from surgical adhesives and wound closure materials to drug delivery systems .