In vivo, exosome treatments extended their therapeutic benefits to animal models of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and ischemic stroke. In the Alzheimer's model, exosome treatment reduced amyloid-beta plaque deposition by 50%, a critical achievement given the central role of amyloid aggregation in disease progression. Furthermore, exosome-treated models of Parkinson's disease and ischemic stroke exhibited substantial reductions in inflammatory cytokine levels, with TNF-α and IL-6 reduced by 45%. These anti-inflammatory effects likely played a key role in mitigating neurodegeneration.