Where 𝐿𝐿𝑅𝑅 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐶𝐶,𝑔𝑔 represents the total impact on land stress including LUC emissions for each class 𝑔𝑔 (in PDF•yr per ton feed ingredient), which is specified by feed ingredient ℎ, grown in origin country 𝑜𝑜 and transported to location country 𝑙𝑙. 𝑤𝑤𝐶𝐶 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 represents the ecosystem damage characterization factor used to express the emissions from transport to from country of origin 𝑜𝑜 to measurement location 𝑙𝑙 (𝑅𝑅𝐸𝐸 𝑡𝑡𝑟𝑟𝑡𝑡𝑛𝑛𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑟𝑟𝑡𝑡,𝑔𝑔 ) in PDF•yr. 𝑤𝑤𝐶𝐶 𝑡𝑡𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐,𝑧𝑧 and 𝑤𝑤𝐶𝐶 𝑡𝑡𝑟𝑟𝑡𝑡𝑛𝑛𝑡𝑡,𝑧𝑧 are the ecosystem specific characterization factors for land occupation and land transformation (in PDF•yr/m 2 ) for each ecoregion 𝑧𝑧, respectively. 𝐟𝐟 𝐿𝐿𝑆𝑆,𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐶𝐶 is the vector containing the average impact on land stress including LUC emissions for each class 𝑔𝑔 (in PDF•yr/ton feed ingredient). The yield was from MapSpam and the characterization factors for occupation and transformation were from Chaudhary et al. . These characterization factors are based on the different ecoregions across the world . For each country of origin, the ecoregions were identified together with their corresponding characterization factor. Depending on the areas where agricultural practices took place, based on yield, the effect of land occupation and transformation was calculated per PDF•yr/ton feed ingredient. A time of 30 years and economic allocation to by-products was used to calculate the impact on land stress per ton feed ingredient, as was also done with climate change. All generated maps were added in 𝑅𝑅, using the lowest map resolution (i.e., on grid cell level 𝑞𝑞).