Finally, suggested impurities and impurity reactions are cleaned and filtered in step 11. This includes removing duplicate impurity reactions from the same analogue reaction, impurity reactions that do not have a transformation of interest (as is the case in Figure , which suggests query species again), impurity reactions containing radicals, and self-reactions (without reagents and catalysts). This leaves 9,355 reactions or 4 % of the original set. and invalid example (filtered out) respectively.