Fig. Panel a) depicts a schematic of the transport of a single puff at various evaluation time steps (i.e., ∆t, 2∆t, 3∆t, ...) under constant wind conditions, blowing from the west. Each circle represents the puff evaluated at a time step, with its size corresponding to the puff's spread, defined by 2σy,t i , and the dot indicating the puff's center location. The red line (both dashed and solid) represents the center line of the puff transport path, with the dashed section indicating regions of insufficient overlap and the solid section indicating regions of sufficient overlap between puffs. Panel b) shows the transport paths of two adjacent puffs created at time steps t i and t i+1 = t i + ∆p, under varying wind conditions. The wind direction shifts from west at t i to southwest at t i+1 . The paths of the puffs created at t i and t i+1 are marked in orange and purple, respectively. The angles α i and α i+1 represent the spread angles of the puff paths at t i and t i+1 , respectively, while θ i denotes the change in wind direction from t i to t i+1 .