Moreover, the challenges and the multidisciplinary approaches for the preparation of such pandemics have also been highlighted in the study produce antibodies against a particular strain which is unable to protect against different strains of influenza virus. Most of them are against hemagglutinin. Furthermore, due to very frequent antigenic shifts of influenza viruses' formulation of new vaccines as well as revaccination with them is required for matching these new strains of the virus and providing immunity against them.