Rapid detection and sequencing of nucleic acids have become a fundamental necessity in disease monitoring, clinical treatment, gene analysis and drug discovery . The conventional nucleic acid detection methods including high-throughput sequencing, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction have been broadly employed as reliable and gold standard procedures, but these approaches suffer from the restrictions of low sensitivity, complicated operation, time-consuming process, and use of costly equipment, therefore are difficult to implement for routine sample analysis . Developing rapid, cost-effective and scalable nucleic acid detection and quantification methods that are applicable to low income countries and disaster zones are essential . Among the recently developed analytical methods, nanomaterial-based nucleic acid probes represent one of the mainstream directions of technology development .