U.S. and Canadian O&G industries have focused the bulk of their efforts on reducing total supply chain CH4 emissions within the upstream segment, and compliance with regulations and conformance to voluntary initiatives continue to drive reductions. We illustrate the potential effect reducing CH4 losses upstream has on the total supply chain loss rate by substituting the Alvarez et al. ( ) upstream loss rate (1.9%) with the OGCI upstream target loss rate of 0.2%. In Figure , the OGCI loss rate (green fill) is superimposed on the Alvarez et al. ( ) upstream loss rate (dashed black line). As such, if upstream losses were reduced from 1.9% to 0.2%, the Alvarez et al. ( ) estimates would be eliminated from Figure . This would leave only the other legend categories remaining. This replacement results in a 1.7% reduction in the upstream loss rate, lowering the mean total supply chain loss rate across these studies from 4.0% (± 0.9%) to 2.3% (± 0.9%). As upstream emissions shrink, downstream emissions dominate supply chain emissions, averaging 72.8% (± 13.3%) of the total across the studies.