When analyzing structures, particularly those containing 'a heteroatom, lone pairs as a resource must be activated and applied productively to account for these molecules chemical and physical properties. The three students in this cohort were from organic chemistry, which could account for the more limited familiarity with molecules with heteroatoms -amines and 450 carbonyl molecules are covered in the second semester. An example representation is shown in Challenges with drawing Lewis structures and applying the octet rule have been widely reported in the literature. While these studies focused on de novo construction of Lewis structures, the application of the octet rule successfully was a common thread. In this study, one of the challenges was realizing that a lone pair is needed to create the octet. Betancourt-