The sum of these limits constrains available carbon for new chemical products (~1070 Mt C). However, considering practical, technical and economic requirements to utilize 100% of all these resources, suggest demand reduction to forecasted BAU demand (650 Mt C) to balance the carbon flows may be required. This sets up an explicit tradeoff between bio-based products, recycling, CCS and demand reduction. Under the assumptions in this study, a 23-33% demand reduction for chemical products from BAU facilitates a 9-12% reduction in cumulative emissions from 2020 to 2050 (LC-, HC-).