A strong σ bond is formed between the two water molecules, which indicates the formation of an O-O bond. In this scenario, the strength of the metal-oxygen bond decreases, and hydrogen peroxide tends to desorb from the surface, indicating a tendency for release. In contrast, the formation of a competing metal-oxo intermediate forms two different highly directional bonds with transition metals, depending upon the occupation of the 3d orbitals. Upon interaction of the t 2g orbitals with oxygen (Fig. ), the formation of a π bond is observed, indicating that neither a strong nor a weak bond is established. However, when the e g orbitals interact with oxygen, a robust σ bond is formed, incorporating the absorbed oxygen into the polarons of the compound (Fig. ). This interaction demonstrates that the evolution of hydrogen peroxide occurs prior to the formation of metal-oxo intermediates. These findings suggest that the stabilization arising from polaron formation noticeably increases the surface ability to localize holes in an aqueous environment. Recent study , consistent with our findings, presents the successful fabrication of highly efficient two-electron water oxidation electrocatalysts, particularly for Mn, and Co perovskite oxide, which exhibits exceptional hydrogen peroxide production rates and outstanding stability over a 120-hour test. By selecting optimal transition metals, incorporating polarons and enhancing the adsorption characteristics of O * and OH * , an effective approach can be devised for the design of perovskite catalysts that are capable of efficient two-and four-electron water oxidation.