As the field of plant metabolic engineering advances, addressing regulatory hurdles and public concerns regarding genetically modified organisms remains crucial for successful implementation in agriculture. The development of comprehensive risk assessment protocols is ongoing, with efforts focused on standardizing methods for evaluating the environmental and health impacts of metabolically engineered crops . These assessments aim to ensure the safety of new crop varieties while facilitating their approval and adoption. Gene containment strategies are being developed and implemented to prevent gene flow from engineered crops to wild relatives or non-GM crops, addressing concerns about the unintended spread of engineered traits .