Several strategies have been explored to enhance OER rates and overall catalytic performance. These include structural regulation of catalysts through size engineering, defect engineering, field manipulation, phase engineering, and heterojunction engineering . Additionally, doping of single-atom substrates with single atom has shown promise in improving OER performance . The development of non-noble metalbased catalysts has gained significant attention, with researchers focusing on nanostructure development, phase and morphology control, crystal facet engineering, and especially single atom doping to optimize catalytic activity .