Finally, we coupled Cladapt with syngas produced from a synthetic photocatalytic CO2 reduction system, creating an inorganic-bacterial system capable of domino valorization of CO2 into acetate and biomass with solar energy (Figure ). The photocatalytic system was composed of light-absorbing TiO2 nanoparticles (P25, 365 mg) and a phosphonated cobalt(II)(terpyridine)2 CO2 reduction molecular catalyst (CotpyP, 20 µmol gTiO2 -1 ). During photocatalysis, the hybrid TiO2|CotpyP photocatalyst was suspended in an aqueous solution (217 mL) containing 0.1 M triethanolamine (TEOA) as sacrificial electron donor and irradiated with UV-containing LED simulated sunlight (AM1.5G). CO2 flowed over six days (flow mode), mimicking the flow conditions described above, and the photogenerated syngas was continuously flown from the photoreactor to the bioreactor (Figure ). See Supplementary Note 4 for batch mode experiment details.