Moreover, many textiles undergo chemical treatments during production to enhance their appearance, durability, or performance. These treatments can include dyes, flame retardants, anti-wrinkle finishes, and water-repellent coatings. These additives often complicate the recycling process, as they can interfere with the chemical properties of the fibers, making them harder to process into new materials . In addition, the blended nature of textiles, which often combine multiple types of fibers (e.g., polyester-cotton blends), further complicates recycling efforts, as it is challenging to separate the fibers for individual recycling.