As shown in Fig. , 𝑇 = √ 𝑇 . However, since the mass of the nucleus is 1836 times the electron mass, the rotational velocity of a proton is about 1/46 that of bond electrons. For the other molecules, the nuclei are much heavier than the electron. Therefore, the nuclei may be assumed to rest relative to the velocity of electrons. The motion of a molecule Tm is independent of the motions of nuclei and electrons within the molecule, even though Tm should be much lower than Tn. In a gas system, the alignments of molecules are random. However, as the typical cases, Fig. shows the bond-orbital alignments of two molecules, i.e., P1 and P2. Cases a) denote the parallel planes, b) the orbits on the mutually vertical planes, and c) the co-plane orbits. Case a) contains two subcases, i.e., the equidirectional rotation and counter-rotation. Given L>Le, P1 and P2 are mutually attractive in the equidirectional rotation. If P1 is hotter with the shorter AC and higher frequency fA, A and C particles accelerate B and D particles. As a result, AC=BD and fA=fB. However, as L<Le, P1 and P2 are mutually repulsive. AC shortens while BD elongates. Meanwhile, fA rises while fB decays. In the counter-rotation, both AC and BD elongate. Meanwhile, fA and fB decay regardless of the distance. As a result, the bonds may be broken up and recombined.