NMR experiments Experiments were acquired on a 9.4 T (400 MHz) Bruker spectrometer equipped with a 10 mm BBO dual channel probe. Enzymatic reactions were monitored by C NMR experiments where both 1 H and 2 H decoupling were performed using a Waltz-16 sequence 18 during acquisition. Spectra were acquired using 10 • excitation pulses. Acquisition time was 300 ms and the delay between scans was 1 s. In these experiments, the carrier was set to 115 ppm, close to the resonance frequencies of the α and β anomer C signals (respectively at 91.5 ppm and 95.3 ppm), and the spectral width was 22.05 kHz (220 ppm). All experiments were performed at 27 • C.