The lectin's ability to cause SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses' membrane disruption was measured in a cell-free sandwich ELISA assay, where the amount of p24 released by the viruses was quantified . High binding polystyrene ELISA plates (Corning Inc., Corning, NY) were coated with mouse anti-p24 (ab63958, Abcam, Cambridge, UK) and blocked with a solution of 3% Fraction V BSA (Research Products International, Mount Prospect, IL). A serial dilution of inhibitors being tested was mixed with pseudoviruses (50 ng of p24 worth of pseudovirus) and incubated for 2 hours at 37°C before spinning for 2 hours at 15,000 × g` supernatants were collected and tested for p24 content. The amount of p24 present on the plate was quantified using by 1 hour incubation at room temperature with a primary rabbit anti-p24 antibody (ab63913, Abcam), plus a 1 hour incubation in secondary anti-rabbit IgG conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP, ab205718, Abcam). HRP conjugate binding activity was determined by incubating with o-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (OPD, p23938, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) for 30 minutes before reading the signal at 450nm using a transmission plate reader (Infinite F50, Tecan Group Ltd., Männedorf, Switzerland). The signals from all the functional assays were plotted as a function of p24 released where a lysed virus control treated with 1% triton x-100 was used as the 100% value. No virolysis of control viruses was detected in this assay configuration (Supplemental Figure ).