For the direct synthesis prediction task we made use of the benchmark USPTO-MIT dataset , which contains approximately 470,000 reactions originally extracted from patents . We evaluated performance on both USPTO Mixed, where reactants and reagents are assorted arbitrarily within the input string, and USPTO Separated, where reactants are reagents are split by a separator token. The USPTO-50K dataset, which contains approximately 50,000 reactions, was used to benchmark Chemformer on the retrosynthesis prediction task.