Mechanistically, the data provide compelling evidence that exosomes modulate neuroinflammation, enhance axonal regeneration, and effectively traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to deliver neuroprotective cargo. These functions are crucial for halting or reversing neurodegenerative disease progression while promoting the restoration of functional neural circuits. The statistical analysis supported the robustness of these findings, with significant results (p < 0.05) across all major outcomes, underscoring the reproducibility and reliability of the data.