BiVO4 ‫|‬ TiCo photoanodes. 10 cm 2 BiVO4 electrodes were prepared by adapting previously reported methods. Unpatterned 35 cm Perovskite-BiVO4 artificial leaves. Perovskite photocathodes were first encapsulated using a conductive GE paste, which provides increased moisture protection and enables a direct catalyst adhesion without additional binders. The paste was prepared by mixing graphite powder with Araldite Standard two component epoxy in a 3:4 mass ratio. The GE paste was evenly spread over the Cu contact layer of the PV device, before attaching the Cu92In8 metal foil electrocatalyst. The GE was allowed to settle for 24 hours, before sealing the edges and the exposed wiring with Araldite 5-Minute Rapid two component epoxy. Alternatively, a 5 nm thin Pt film was sputtered onto hardened, exposed graphite epoxy as H2 evolution catalyst. The same Araldite Rapid epoxy was used to attach the perovskite and BiVO4 photoelectrodes in a back-to-back, tandem PEC configuration. The perovskite and BiVO4 photoelectrodes were directly connected by an embedded copper wire in the standalone artificial leaf configuration.