In general, the vaporization or burning of natural materials such as cannabis extracts or cannabis plant materials is a multifactorial process that is characterized by various steps from acidic forms of cannabinoids to neutral cannabinoids and further oxidation products. Our results show that CBD-rich cannabis under vaporization or burning conditions does not form ∆ 9 -THC concentrations. The authors therefore believe that the risk of consumer products based on low-THC cannabis or hemp can be further assessed for regulatory purposes by direct analysis of the products as such. a Smoking regime strictly according to the ISO standard conditions (as for tobacco cigarettes), i.e., one puff every 60 s with a puff duration of 2 s and 35 ml puff volume.