Among the various types of CO₂-based polymers, polycarbonates and polyurethanes are the most widely studied. Polycarbonates, such as poly (cyclohexane carbonate) and poly(propylene carbonate), are synthesized via the copolymerization of CO₂ with epoxides, resulting in polymers with desirable properties such as transparency, high thermal stability, and mechanical strength . Polyurethanes, formed by the reaction of CO₂-derived diamines and diisocyanates, are widely used in foam applications, coatings, and adhesives. The incorporation of CO₂ into the polymer backbone improves the environmental profile of polyurethanes, as CO₂ replaces part of the petroleum-derived feedstocks .