The mass swell ratio, defined as the swollen hydrogel mass relative to its dry mass, was analyzed for various hydrogel compositions to assess water absorption capacity and network integrity, as shown in Figure . This metric provides insight into each hydrogel's porosity, crosslink density, and water affinity. The MPG hydrogel exhibited the highest mass swell ratio, ranging from 50% to 65%, indicating a high water affinity and a lower crosslink density, which allows for significant network expansion upon hydration. This behavior likely results from the hydrophilic nature of MPG, promoting water absorption and network swelling. In contrast, the MFG hydrogel showed the lowest mass swell ratio, around 30%, suggesting a denser crosslink structure and a more compact network. The reduced water absorption may be due to hydrophobic moieties within MFG that limit water penetration, resulting in a more stable and rigid network.