OCSR methods can be broadly categorized into two main groups: rule-based methods and deep learning-based methods . Rule-based approaches typically involve a systematic sequence of processing steps, including vectorisation, atom detection, bond classification, Optical Character Recognition (OCR) , graph compilation, and post-processing. Various rule-based techniques, such as OSRA , Imago , and MolVec , follow a procedure along those lines. In 2021, Clévert et al. showed that the performance of the openly available rule-based systems on commonly used benchmark datasets decreases drastically when slight image distortions are introduced . Apparently, the parameters in the rule-based procedures can be overfit to specific depiction styles and do not necessarily perform well on all types of chemical structure depictions.