The temperature-dependent peptide release from the different liposomal formulations was compared, to assess suitability of thermo-responsive liposomes as a pulsatile delivery system. Brief and localised hyperthermia may be achieved through incorporation of near infrared (NIR) responsive materials within the liposomes . Each formulation was continuously stored at three different temperatures (room temperature (22 ± 2 °C), 34 °C, and 45 °C), where 34 °C represents the temperature in the subcutaneous environment and 45 °C is the target temperature to trigger the release of the peptide . Figure presents the release of teriparatide over a 48hour period for the three liposome formulations. Figure shows a temperature dependency of teriparatide release for all three formulations. For each formulation the amount of peptide release is significantly higher (Two-way ANOVA, p < 0.05) between 4 and 24 h when incubated at 45 °C compared to room temperature. However, no difference (Two-way ANOVA, p> 0.05) is observed at 48 h. This is because when incubated at 45 °C, most (>80%) of the peptide is released in the first 24h. Further release between 24 and 48 h is minimal. Conversely, at RT and 34 °C only 30 -60% is released after 24 h, allowing for continued release of the peptide between 24 and 48 h. Moreover, significantly higher amounts of the peptide (Two-way ANOVA, p< 0.05) were released at 45 °C compared to 34 °C for some formulations at 4h and 8h (see Figure ), thus further demonstrating the temperature dependence and possibility for pulsatile release systems.