Here, ℓ -1 means the number of stacking and ℒ -1 is its average. We plotted Eq. 2 for NPCs with setting ℒ = ngra, obtained by the TGA in Table and Fig. . For NPC (θ-Al2O3) (ngra = 1.05) as an example, 95% of the NPCs exit as the mono-layer graphene (ℓ = 1) and the rest of 5% are the multilayer domains (ℓ ≥ 2). The minor multilayer domain contributes to the weak and broad 002 peak in its XRD pattern. The existence of the D band at 1328 cm -1 , 50 D' band at 1603 cm -1 , D+G band at 2909 cm -1 , and 2D' band at 3195 cm -1 indicates that the NPC contains certain disorders. The spectral parameters from the deconvolution of the Raman spectrum are summarized in Tables and. The intensity ratio between the G' and G bands (IG'/IG) monotonically decreases with increasing disorder. The IG'/IG ratio of NPC (θ-Al2O3) is 0.43, which is smaller than that of pristine graphene (IG'/IG ~ 3). The major disorders in NPCs are single vacancies and SW defects. The type of disorder can be qualitatively analyzed by the intensity ratio between the D and D' bands, ID/ID'. The ID/ID' of NPC (θ-Al2O3) is 5.33. This indicates that these NPCs have both vacancies and grain boundaries since the ID/ID' values lie between that of graphene dominantly with vacancies (~7) and grain boundaries (~3.5). The shoulder peak at 1163 cm -1 proves the existence of SW defects. The small peak at 2454 cm -1 can Fig. Experimental (black) and deconvoluted Raman spectra (with the polynomial background, orange) of (a) NPC (θ-Al2O3), (b) NPC (γ-Al2O3), (c) NPG (θ-Al2O3), and (d) NPG (γ-Al2O3). Templates are specified in parenthesis. As previously reported, 2 all measurements were performed at 2.33 eV (532 nm). . be attributed to the SW+D band. The small amounts of gases evolved during the TPD analysis (Ntotal in Table ) indicate the minor presence of edges (vide infra).