Figure (c) shows corresponding voltage profiles from the constant-current region, where the overpotential growth as a function of β coverage can be seen. Up to 75% β coverage, changes in the voltage profiles remains minimal, despite significant delay developing at 4.4 V (Figure ). At 100% coverage, charge overpotential begins to increase, and discharge overpotential rises significantly below 3.6 V. In Figure , the temperature is lowered to 350 K to amplify the effects of slow kinetic. The discharge overpotential gradually increases with the coverage below 3.6 V, as indicated by the arrow. This results in the shrinkage of the lowest plateau and capacity loss during discharge. The origin of this behavior is the same as the increased first-cycle irreversible capacity loss observed with higher amount of excess Ni in the bulk. Experimentally, it has also been found that the shrinkage of the 4.2