Two particles are considered equal if max and dmax, as defined in , are smaller than 0.3 and 0.7, respectively. Non-duplicate structures > 5 eV less stable than the obtained putative GM is also discarded. Due to the large number of structures and the limits of the bag-of-bonds approach when dealing with supported structures, in CeO2-supported systems, an additional human-guided selection method is employed, where similar structures that have not been discarded by the bag-of-bonds method are excluded from subsequent relaxations. This approach allows saving considerable computational resources by filtering out unfit or duplicated structures at each level, only performing the increasingly costly optimizations on promising structures.