Overall, the vigour index of Vicia faba L slightly improved under drought and alkali stress but was not favourable for growth under salt and heavy metal stress conditions (Fig. , 4M, S16, Table ). Sweet crispy, Pea sprout 2 and ZW6 exhibited limited resistance to various stress types, while ZW11 displayed stronger resistance to environmental challenges compared to Sweet crispy and Pea sprout 2, though still weaker than Vicia faba L. The results revealed a 100% correlation between the actual sprout in the soil at 10 days' cultivation and the fluorescence signals observed after 72 hours germination (Fig. ).