Despite the promising results, the degradation efficiency under UV-A light was not as high as desired. Pure TiO₂ is inherently limited by its large band gap (~3.2 eV), which restricts its activity to UV light, constituting only ~5% of the solar spectrum. Although doping slightly narrowed the band gap, enabling some improvement in light absorption, the catalysts' activity under UV-A irradiation remained suboptimal. This indicates that the doped catalysts are not fully exploiting the potential of the visible or solar light spectrum, which constitutes a much larger portion of available light. Future work should focus on exploring these catalysts under visible light or direct sunlight to evaluate their performance in more practical, real-world scenarios.