further reduced elongation and tensile strength, making fibers more brittle and less ductile. Similar trends were noted in other studies, where adding CNC, carbon nanotubes, or hydroxyapatite improved mechanical properties up to a point before reducing fiber strength and flexibility ( )- . Based on the compelling results obtained from the electrospun nanocomposites, the copolymers with 1% CNC loading were selected for further fabrication of the multilayered vascular graft. This decision was driven by the favorable fiber sizes in the nano range, which is advantageous for tissue engineering applications as it mimics the extracellular matrix structure, facilitating cellular interactions and tissue regeneration. Additionally, these nanocomposites demonstrated a significant improvement in mechanical properties.