Jaswal et al. confirmed that the hydrolysis products of the original lignocellulosic materials are appropriate hydrogen substrates by employing pine hydrolysate as a substrate and achieving a hydrogen production of 19.9 mL/g using a photocatalyst of 1% Pt/TiO2. H2 was produced from cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin by Wakerley et al. using photocatalysis in an alkaline water solution by synthesized CdS/CdO quantum dots (QD) with an average particle size of less than 10 nm Table . The original lignocellulosic materials are fully contacted by the QD because to their small particle size, resulting in a huge contact area. On top of that, the photo-corrosion is mitigated and the HER is assisted by the CdO layer that coats the surface of the CdS nanospheres. Under the influence of visible light, the highest HER of 5.3 mmol g -1 h -1 was attained . In addition, under visible light, this system functioned well for six days and could convert untreated lignocellulosic materials like wood and paper using solar energy at ambient temperature. The result is a low-cost method for oxidizing solid waste (biomass, plastic, food waste) Fig. and driving proton reduction to create hydrogen gas in water. When compared to conventional fuels such coal, gas, and petroleum, hydrogen energy offers several inherent advantages. Firstly, hydrogen is abundantly available in nature, as it is found in water, biomass, and waste plastics. Secondly, it is a high-quality energy source, second only to nuclear power; and thirdly, it produces zero emissions during reactions, with the exception of water, as combustion does not release carbon. So, it's a great clean energy option for getting to zero emissions.