Iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (IONPs) have gained significant attention as theranostic agents in a range of biomedical applications, including the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The versatility of IONPs enables precise magnetic manipulation, drug delivery, imaging, and therapeutic interventions at both the cellular and molecular level, addressing the complex challenges posed by cardiovascular disorders. Given their biocompatibility and superparamagnetic properties, IONPs are primarily employed as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) even in microvasculature, enhancing diagnostic capabilities. (2,12,13) Furthermore, the utilization of IONPs in photothermal therapy has gained popularity, particularly in the context of obstructive diseases associated with blood clotting and thromboembolic events. As demonstrated in cancer therapy, multicore iron oxide nanoflowers (IONFs) are able to convert absorbed near-infrared (NIR) light into heat and thus act as heat mediators in targeted photothermal therapy. Besides traditional application in cancer treatment, IONPs have recently been used to treat local and systemic vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and thrombosis. IONPs can be used in hyperthermal vascular treatment to improve blood flow. The potential use of IONPs for the treatment of diseases, such as thrombosis, is especially attractive when addressing regions of the microcirculation that cannot be reached using established approaches.