Na + and K + are both involved in the infection and proliferation of EBOV. Following receptor interaction between GP1 and the host TIM-1 receptor, EBOV is internalized mostly via the macropinocytosis pathway into the endosome. After EBOV is endocytosed, the GP1 domain is cleaved in the acidic endosome by the cell cathepsin. Then the Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) receptor binding site was revealed. Acidic pH and Ca +2 ions alter GP2's conformational equilibrium, conducive to the NPC1 combination's intermediate state . Amiloride, a Na + /K + exchanger, has been shown to limit the various viruses that enter host cells via the macropinocytosis route . Amiloride also effectively prevents EBOV entrance and infection at non-cytotoxic levels in a dose-dependent manner . Digoxin and digitoxin are also frequently utilized as Na + /K + -ATPase pump inhibitors in clinical practice. The active transport mechanism of adenosine triphosphate (Na + /K + -ATPase) is activated by sodium and potassium ions with particular antibodies . Anti-big-chain antibodies identify antigenic sites on large subunits exclusively on the inner surface of the plasma membrane of intact cells . When ferritin-coupled gamma-globulins bind to Na + /K + -ATPase at a saturated concentration, they do not inhibit the enzyme . Ebola virus VP24 is required for viral germination and export . During Ebola virus (EBOV) replication, a tight connection between ATP1A1 of the Na + /K + -ATPase and VP24 was discovered . Disrupting the action of ATP1A1 in Ebola virus-infected cells using small molecule inhibitors results in a decrease in offspring viruses . At a non-cytotoxic dose of 20 nM, the Na + /K + -ATPase pump inhibitor ouabain inhibits EBOV replication in human MRC-5 cells .