Studies have shown that bio-based PLA has a tensile strength ranging from 2.7 to 16 GPa, which is comparable to that of conventional thermoplastics like PET . However, PLA is more brittle than PE or PP, making it unsuitable for applications that require high impact resistance. Similarly, PHAs, while biodegradable, have lower tensile strength and require plasticizers or blending with stronger polymers to improve flexibility .