where ∆G TS solv and ∆G R solv represent the solvation free energies of a TS and a reactant, and ∆H TS solv and ∆H R solv represent the solvation enthalpies of a TS and a reactant, respectively. For a bimolecular reaction, ∆G R solv and ∆H R solv each correspond to the sum of the solvation free energies and solvation enthalpies of all reactants. The standard state of 1 M ideal gas and 1 M solution is used for solvation free energy and enthalpy in this work.