Using RNMC, we performed 100,000 simulations under each of the four chosen conditions (+0.0V without CO 2 , +0.0V with CO 2 , +0.5V without CO 2 , and +0.5V with CO 2 ). For simulations without CO 2 , the initial state consisted of 30 Li + and 30 EC; for those with CO 2 , the initial state also included 30 CO 2 . Because all reactions were exergonic and no energy barriers were considered, all rate coefficients were constant and equal (discussed in Stochastic Network Analysis). Each simulation was conducted to "completion" -that is, until there were no further reactions available for further simulation. Due to the relatively small number of initial species, most simulations took between roughly 200 and 500 steps. We reiterate that simulating to completion -especially with so few simulation steps -is only possible because the system contains only exergonic reactions and therefore contains no loops. The elimination of loops is critical to adequately sample the reactive space in a tractable number of simulations (see discussion in Stochastic Network Analysis).