Several spatiotemporal models focus on one phase of remodeling, such as osteoclast resorption , osteoblast formation , or osteocyte dynamics . These models do not explicitly model multiple cell-cell or cell-signal interactions. Instead, they implicitly model the roles of RANK-RANKL-OPG, TGF-β, Wnt, and other signals using general autocrine and paracrine signaling parameters . In some cases, the models exclude the signaling mentioned above interactions in favor of more distinctive mechanisms and parameters. For instance, includes parameters related to the involvement of blood vessels in osteoclast generation. Taylor-King et al. ( ), on the other hand, incorporates parameters for the shape and growth of osteocyte dendrites. Another example considers the energy-dependent dynamics of osteocytes . The lack of explicit cellcell and typical cell-signal interactions in these models may be attributed to their research motivations.