To evaluate the impact of cell-to-cell variability versus protocol-to-protocol variability, the spread between cells cycled identically is calculated for each protocol (Figure ). Duplicate trajectories overlay well, and the average difference due to cell-to-cell variability (represented by hatched area) is consistently below 5 %. Specifically, the range of these cell-to-cell variabilities (represented by whiskers) does not explain more than half of the variability past 90 % SOH. This statistical analysis confirms that the protocol-to-protocol variability dominates over the cell-to-cell variability in this dataset . We explore 95 how specific attributes of the dynamic discharge protocol control lifetime metrics in a subsequent section.