The process of cement hydration involves a complex interplay of coupled reactions among various mineral phases, each characterized by distinct kinetics and mechanisms . Within the initial 24 hours of hydration, cement undergoes a significant transformation from a fluid, colloidal suspension of solid particles, to a solid, porous medium exhibiting measurable engineering properties such as strength and durability. A substantial portion of alite (C 3 S in cement notation, 70-80%) and tricalcium aluminate (C 3 A, 80-100%) react within this timeframe , resulting in the C-(A)-S-H is the main hydration product of Portland cement (most common type of cement) , accounting for about 50-60% of the total volume of hydrates . C-(A)-S-H exhibits a layered calcium-silicate structure resembling the natural mineral tobermorite . In contrast to the tobermorite minerals the silicate chain structures is defective (missing silicates) and the interlayer space contains a higher amount of ions, most notably Ca 2+ and OH . These features give C-(A)-S-H its nanocrystalline character, as observed by X-ray diffraction, where characteristic reflections are seen and are assigned to repeating distances in the calcium-silicate mainlayer .