The penalty terms, 𝑃 (𝜽) and 𝑃 (𝜽), were added to the loss function ℒ (𝜽) in only for EIS spectra with inductive features (Section 2.3.3). For 𝑃 (𝜽), we set 𝑞 = 1 in (10), and we computed the first derivative of 𝛾 (log 𝜏 , 𝜽) by backward differentiation . The influence of the grid density on the DRT recovery was evaluated by discretizing 𝛾 (log 𝜏 , 𝜽)