Notably, Fan et al. did not vary the rate of fertilizer and herbicide application, though these parameters are likely to vary across the U.S. and from year-to-year. Additionally, there are methodological differences necessary to account for SOC compared to these non-SOC emissions (i.e., while quantities of fertilizer inputs and environmental impacts associated with their production may be measured fairly directly, long-term miscanthus-induced SOC storage must currently be estimated using biogeochemical models, as in ). As estimated by Fan et al., non-SOC emissions are relatively minor compared to the magnitude of carbon sequestered by miscanthus growth (15.0% [8.8-37.6%] of SOC sequestration). For transparency, the contribution of SOC and non-SOC emissions to the total SAF CI are reported separately in this study. These feedstock CIs are meant to represent the potential range of CIs that may be observed with robust field-level MMRV. The CIs of miscanthus production were incorporated into the BioSTEAM Location Specific Evaluation module (BLocS). The median miscanthus CI was -139 kg CO2e×dry metric ton -1 , indicating a net removal of carbon from the atmosphere and storage as SOC.