Our primary goal of understanding pulses is to employ them in full cell diagnostics to quantitatively assess the extent of degradation in a cell. Determining the absolute degradation level in a specific cell is challenging due to significant variability between cells during manufacturing . Instead, we aim to establish a relative measure of degradation for each cell compared to its initial state, enabling more meaningful evaluation of battery degradation across different cells. Based on our theory of voltage pulse measurements, Eq. 8 illustrates that degradation parameters influence half-cell kinetics jointly with kinetic-related parameters such as the differential conductance or the reduction current fraction. Figs. 4bc present the kinetically related differential conductance values and reduction current fractions at different states of charge and overpotentials, while Fig. displays the effect of the surface blockage on the current at different states of charge. Applying high overpotentials generates a wide range of differential conductance values, which influences the calculation of the film resistance. The reduction current fraction is subject to a singularity when there is no current. This is seen in the denominator of the reduction current fraction for the CIET reaction model,