Further background into the selected reaction (1→2): Studies by Porée et al. 8d,e have indicated an understanding behind the formation of phenanthridinones 2 from bromo-benzamides 1 (Scheme 2). Oxidative addition of 1 to a putative Pd 0 species A gives Pd II intermediate B. Subsequent loss of HBr (base-assisted) and second oxidative addition has been proposed to result in the formation of transient Pd IV species 10 C (based primarily on computational studies using DFT methods, conducted with and without PH3 as a model phosphine ligand, and no observable transmetallation-type stoichiometric reaction involving Pd II intermediates). 8e This goes on to proceed to a key biaryl Pd II intermediate D (which can be depicted with different Pd coordination modes), following reductive elimination. Subsequent ipso-substitution and elimination of reactive isocyanate and/or aniline and CO2 affords 7-membered palladacycle E. Finally, reductive elimination generates phenanthridinone 2.