The contactor for the process is assumed to be a fixed column with a packed adsorbent bed, as illustrated in Figure . The heat transfer fluid flowing around the outer walls is always water, but at different temperatures, depending on the cycle step. Heating is achieved by simultaneously flowing steam and pressurized hot water, both at 105 °C, through the packed bed and heating jacket of the vessel, respectively. The system is cooled by pumping water at 30 °C through the heating jacket of the vessel, as well as purging the bed with room-temperature inert N 2 . The temperature variation during the TSA cycle steps is shown in Figure .