The absence of detectable silver and boron peaks in the XRD spectra does not diminish their role in the photocatalysts' performance. On the contrary, the absence of these peaks suggests successful doping at the atomic level without forming separate crystalline phases, which is desirable for maintaining the anatase structure's integrity and photocatalytic efficiency. The synergy between the three dopants-boron, cerium, and silver-likely contributes to enhanced photocatalytic activity through various mechanisms, including improved charge separation, extended light absorption, and enhanced reactive oxygen species generation.