NTA measurement provided a detailed size distribution, with a D90 (90 percentile of particle size distribution) value (81.3 ± 19.1 nm) (Figure ). The nanozyme's surface charge was measured via zeta potential analysis; at neutral pH (up to pH 7), it exhibits a negative charge of around -18 mV due to the constituent material's (e.g., alanine) isoelectric point, which is pH 6 or within that range (Figure ).