Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) based gene editing system originated in bacteria as a defense mechanism against bacteriophages. However, CRISPR-Cas nucleases, especially CRISPR-Cas9 systems can be used to produce antimicrobials (Figures ). They are used for designing antibacterial therapies by using engineered CRISPR-Cas systems for gene-editing to destroy specific bacterial DNA, thereby offering alternative for traditional antibiotics. It can be used for 'phage therapy enhancement' where bacteriophages can be engineered to offer specific treatment against bacterial infections. CRISPR systems can also be used to understand bacterial pathogenesis and resistance mechanisms which can help in designing targeted therapies. In addition, it can also be used for developing diagnostic tools, such as specific high sensitivity enzymatic reporter (SHERLOCK) for rapid and accurate identification of pathogenic bacterial strains. CRISPR based system has been used for targeting biofilm formation genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.