The disruption of chemical species transport and reactions can lead to various musculoskeletal disorders. For example, osteoarthritis is characterized by the degeneration of cartilage, which is partly due to impaired nutrient transport and extracellular matrix degradation. Similarly, osteoporosis results from an imbalance between bone resorption and formation, linked to altered calcium ion transport and bone cell activities . Impaired calcium and phosphate transport leads to decreased bone mineral density, increasing fracture risk . Also in rheumatoid arthritis, the synovial fluid's altered composition due to inflammatory cytokines impacts the nutrient supply to the cartilage . Altered diffusion and convection within the joint space contribute to cartilage degradation and joint instability . Convection is central to maintaining the physicochemical environment necessary for bone repair and regeneration. Disruptions in the fluid dynamics, as seen in diabetes-related vasculopathies, can compromise healing and bone stability .