The overall minimum selling price of SAF was estimated as 2.77 $×L -1 [2.23 to 3.62], and is largely dependent on capital costs and the miscanthus price (SI Table ). ). If the RFS were to more accurately quantify the CI of this SAF (i.e., via field-specific LCA) and the policy induced price differential of 1.35 $×L -1 (Figure ) were eliminated, the biorefinery's required SAF selling price would instead be 1.22 $×L -1 . Factors that affect farm-specific biofuel CIs should be considered in low carbon fuel policies to better promote favorable farming locations (i.e., locations that can achieve low fuel CIs) that might be subject to higher production costs, such as South Dakota. ). The factors influencing the decision by individual farmers to cultivate novel energy crops such as miscanthus have been studied extensively (e.g., ). While accurate quantification of biomass feedstock and biofuel CIs is important, achieving the benefits of SOC sequestration and low carbon biofuels will also depend on farmers' transition to growing herbaceous energy crops. Cost subsidies for crop establishment and payments for carbon mitigation could make these novel crops more appealing to farmers and facilitate this transition.