Another noteworthy pattern is that both biomolecule and analytical techniques showed robust effect sizes, suggesting a holistic TSD approach incorporating multiple metrics is likely warranted, and in some cases, will improve model fit , which leads to some important statistical recommendations discussed below (Table ). The degradation of hemoglobin displayed strong timewise trends within the first weeks of deposition 17 ; the slowed rate of change once hemichromes formed limits the long-term utility of hemoglobin for bloodstain TSD estimates. mRNA and miRNA degradation appeared to be a slower process; both persisted for a long time after deposition, sometimes up to one year . A combination of the better performing spectroscopic and genomic techniques, probing hemoglobin, and nucleic acid degradation, respectively, could provide key information for bloodstain TSD research and should be combined moving forward.