Reaction rate [mol⋅m The inclusion or otherwise of an intercooler had minimal effect on CO2 capture in the CCGT cases. Due to the low concentration of CO2 in the flue gas, the quantity of heat released in the exothermic reaction is not sufficient to increase the bulk gas temperature to the degree that the driving force of absorption is reduced sufficiently to necessitate intercooling. This is not the case for the EfW and SMR 100% added CO2 capture cases. The reduced solvent flow rate (due to the reduced lean loading) coupled with the increase in CO2 concentration in the flue gases leads to absorber pinching, where low/no mass transfer occurs. As a result, 100% added CO2 capture is not achievable for these specific design cases without intercooling.