The SARS-CoV-2 genome contains fourteen open reading frames (ORFs) that encode 28 proteins through different transcriptional, translational, and post-translational strategies (Figure ). The first two ORFs (ORF1a and ORF1b) occupy the 5′-two-thirds of the viral genome and directly translated into two polyproteins (pp1a and pp1ab) due to a ribosomal frameshifting mechanism. The two polyproteins are, then, cleaved by two viral proteases, papain-like protease (PLpro) and 3C-like or main-protease (Mpro) into sixteen non-structural proteins (Nsp1-Nsp16) essential for the viral replication translation complex . The rest of the ORFs are translated indirectly from the viral genome through sub-genomic RNAs to produce the four structural proteins (S, M, E, and N) and several accessory proteins (3a, 3b, 6, 7a, 7b, 8, 9b, 9c, and 10) (Figure ) .