The syringes and sample vials were mounted on the in-situ mixers and placed in the calorimeter for thermal equilibration at the calorimeter temperature of 20 • C overnight. Quartz sand with the same heat capacity as the samples was used as a reference sample. After baseline determination, the powder was pre-mixed for 10 s, the solution was injected, and stirring was continued for 60 s. Experiments were run for 3 h, and the heat flow data was normalized to the C 3 A content of the suspensions.