By capturing 100% of residential waste, the network produces a combination of mechanically-recycled and chemically-upcycled plastic products, with their volumes summarized in Table . In total, 11.6% of residential waste plastics (from a limited feedstock of PET and HDPE bottles) are recovered as mechanically-recycled HDPE and PET through MRFs and PRFs, and 22.3% are recovered chemically as LDPE and PP through pyrolysis, steam cracking, and repolymerization. This leads to a total degree of circularity of 33.9%, relative to the total rates of residential plastic waste production. It is important to note that this degree of circularity is limited due to inherent byproducts obtained in pyrolysis and steam cracking processing (e.g., carbon embedded in waste plastics ends in byproducts and not in plastics). This is an important limitation of the upcycling pathway based on thermo-chemical technologies. However, we also found that, the recovered plastic products of the infrastructure lead to a volume reduction of 64.3% of residential mixed plastic waste (this estimates uses average densities of individual resins and a US distribution of resins in mixed plastic waste ). This large volume reduction is an important benefit over landfilling. The numbers in Table also highlight how LDPE and PP are significantly more valuable polymers than HDPE and PET; as such, there is an economic incentive to process waste HDPE/PET to obtain LDPE/PP via thermo-chemical upcycling (as opposed to using mechanical recycling).