The properties of manufactured LIGs are highly sensitive to lasing parameters, where laser fluence is the most critical and should be in a proper range to obtain LIGs with efficient electrical conductivity and electrochemical activity . High-resolution XPS data is presented in Fig. ) and 1b (O 1s). The C 1s spectra reveal the complex carbon chemistry of both studied samples. The C=C bonds constitute a dominant contribution to the signal (BE at 284.2 eV ), originating from benzene rings in unprocessed Kapton® and the graphene structure in LIGs, the latter being very characteristic, due to its asymmetric shape and the appearance of a π-π* shake-up transition peak near 291.1 eV .