Pyrometallurgical method: Pyrometallurgy is a combination of different processes and technologies for metals recovery through the use of high temperature chemical reactions (calcining, roasting, smelting and refining). After dismantling EoL battery packs, the recovered cells and/or modules are heat treated, which avoid the need of sorting or other pre-treatments. In this way, the batteries are thermally deactivated rapidly, the organic compounds (e.g. plastics, solvents, graphite or binders) are removed and the most valuable metals (cobalt, nickel, manganese and copper) are recovered in the form of alloys by a process of reductive smelting. One of the major drawbacks of this route relies in the difficulty to recover Li from the slag at a viable cost together with high energy consumption and expensive gas treatments to avoid toxic emissions . In some cases, this technique is used for the obtention of black mass product, obtained at lower working temperatures (400-800 °C). Depending on the temperature, the final powder product may consist of a mixture of the active materials, conductive carbons, metal impurities coming from the current collector materials, and even binder and some electrolyte components .