Our findings indicate that particle size (P d ) and mobility (M ) negatively affect the Zener pinning, as larger particle sizes and higher mobilities result in lower pinning effects, while particle volume fraction (V f ) and surface-to-grain boundary energy ratio ( γ surf γ gb orγ r ) positively affect the pinning, as increasing them enhances the pinning effect, as shown in Figure (e)-(f) and Figure ). Moreover, we found that the aspect ratio ( ) also influences the Zener pinning, as shown in Figure , with a lower aspect ratio showing a better pinning effect. These results are consistent with the Zener pinning equation (Equation ) and previous studies, such as the work by K. Chang et al , which found that smaller particle sizes and needle-shaped particles are more effective in pinning grain boundaries for the same volume fraction. Overall, our Phase-field modeling provides insights into the effect of various parameters on Zener pinning, which can guide the design and optimization of materials with desired microstructural properties.