This gives rise to fragmented, loosely bound domains interconnected by these more stable oxidized platinum clusters. The Pt 6 O 8 species emerges as a distinctive motif, standing out in contrast to the overall amorphous structure. Importantly, no other such well-defined cluster species can be clearly distinguished within the nanoparticle structure. These structural perturbations collectively contribute to an increased surface-to-volume ratio which should elevate the surface free energy, with the Pt 6 O 8 units serving as structural anchors.