Here, the summation is performed using the indices j, k, and l. The values of j range from 1 to N C , k ranges from 1 to N at , and l ranges from 1 to 3 (xyz-direction). To avoid redundant calculations, we developed a new approach for phase-free training based on the established loss function of SCHNARC (equation 2). Instead of trying to phase correct for all coupling properties at once using 2 NS-1 combinations, we treat each coupling individually. This is realized by multiplying each coupling with +1 or -1 before computing the loss with respect to the target value. Ultimately, the sum of the lowest loss of each coupling enters the overall loss value.