As heavy metals enter the environment, they can be absorbed by plants and animals, leading to bioaccumulation. Through the food chain, humans can ingest these bioaccumulated plants and animals, leading to the accumulation of heavy metals in the body. Unfortunately, there is currently no natural mechanism for the controlled removal of heavy metals from the human body. Therefore, even trace levels of heavy metals like lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic can have detrimental effects on human health, including organ damage and nervous system toxicity. Therefore, it is critical to monitor heavy metal concentrations in real-time and continuously to reach low concentrations of less than nanomolar (nM) to mitigate their impact on the environment and human health.