Sucrose (4 mg for TLIS CCl4/D2O/C6H12, and 4.66 mg for TLIS CCl4/D2O/C6H6), amino acid mixture (threonine 12 mg, glycine 8.5 mg, Glutamine 15.6 mg, and proline 14.6 mg), and 15 NH4Cl (5.45 mg) was prepared from a stock solution followed by dilution as necessary for different sample types. This was important as we are comparing the S:N ratio of different sample types. The sample is prepared in a separate vial. First CCl4 is added by the needle based micropipette that goes up to the end part of the NMR tube and delivers CCl4 there.