As explained above, significant differences in the impedances of the G-CAPode when -1 and 1 V is applied can only be observed at frequencies above 1 kHz (Figure ). Furthermore, the G-CAPode-based varactor exhibits much higher capacitances (between 0.1 -1 mF) than the capacitance achievable in usually used I-MOS varactors (500 fF -2 pF). Therefore, considerably lower resonance frequencies in the Hz range can be achieved compared to semiconductor based varactors with typical fR in the MHz -GHz range. This can be advantageous especially for applications in the biological context since many biologically relevant processes occur at low Hz frequencies, such as heartbeat, breathing, and peristalsis to only mention a few human related examples.