Accurately quantifying the band offsets from solvation of water on Y 2 Ti 2 O 5 S 2 is beyond the scope of this study as it would be prohibitively expensive to do at a hybrid-DFT level. Nevertheless, the literature offers some suggestions on the quantitative effects of the solvation. Stevanović et al. showed that when pH equals the point of zero charge, the effect of the aqueous solution can be approximated by a 0.5 eV upward shift of band edges for metal oxides.