The reproducible production of radiotracers in high yield and purity on automated synthesis modules is required for their clinical translation and are often needed when they are routinely used preclinically. A number of commercially available synthesis modules are currently in use for clinical and preclinical radiotracer production, including: FASTlab TM , radiotracerLab™ FXFN (GE Healthcare), E-Z modules (Eckert & Ziegler modular lab), Explora® series (Siemens Healthcare) and the AllInOne (Trasis) . Each synthesis module varies in terms of its flexibility for the creation of novel syntheses, with many designed for the sole purpose of [ 18 F]FDG clinical production (e.g. the FASTlab). As a result, the automation of new radiotracer syntheses on these modules is far from trivial. Careful optimization of each reaction step and automated manipulation is key to ensuring the radiotracer is reproducibly produced with high purity and supplied in the quantities and concentrations required for preclinical or clinical imaging. Further complications can be found in research facilities with limitations on the amount of radioactivity that can be used, for example as a result of supply issues, lack of extensive radioactivity shielding (i.e. a hot cell), or limitations imposed by site licenses.