The development of NSS systems has been accelerated in recent years, in part due to the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation's Reinvent the Toilet initiative targeting reliable performance, affordable costs, and low greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A range of technologies -serving individual households (single-unit reinvented toilets), clusters of households (multi-unit reinvented toilets), and even communities of tens of thousands of people (Omni Processors) -have emerged to tackle the sanitation challenge. In recognition of the potential of NSS to contribute to safe sanitation coverage, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) established testing and performance requirements (ISO 30500) for NSS systems. The stringent testing and performance requirements ensure human health protection in solids output and liquid effluent via log reduction values (LRV) of human enteric bacterial pathogens, thresholds for effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and pH, as well as nutrient removal requirements for total nitrogen and total phosphorus. One such NSS technology that has achieved robust treatment of real human waste streams (97.6 ± 3.1% TSS removal, 94.5 ± 5.0% COD removal, 7.4 ± 1.5% LRV, 82.1 ± 24.0% total nitrogen removal) is the NEWgenerator. The NEWgenerator is a NSS backend technology that can be integrated with various frontends (i.e., user interfaces such as urinal, squatting or seating pan, and associated plumbing) to serve 100+ users. The technology consists of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR), a nutrient capture system (NCS) with ion exchange and carbon sorption, and an electrochlorination (EC) unit. All NEWgenerator units are fully-integrated and housed in a mini-shipping container (4.56 m 2 footprint) for a compact, portable design. To date, the financial viability and GHG implications of this technology, as well as its sensitivities to sitespecific considerations (i.e., contextual parameters such as the electricity mix), are yet to be quantified. As we seek to advance the sustainable provision of safe sanitation, a deeper understanding of the location-specific economic cost and life cycle environmental impacts is vital to prioritize investment in the research, development, and deployment of NSS systems.