After decades of extensive research, the therapeutic potential of RNAs has led to the development of over 250 therapeutics that are approved or in development (Supplement Table ). Among the top 15 RNA therapeutics companies (Figure ), which are located worldwide (Supplement Figure ), each mostly focuses on one type of RNA to develop novel RNA therapeutics for treating diseases that range from very rare to common. mRNA and siRNA are the most common RNAs used by the top 15 companies, followed by ASO, CRISPR, and aptamers. Many of these companies are among the top patent assignees for RNA therapeutics, vaccines, and diagnostics in the commercial sector (Figure ). Moderna, BioNTech, CureVac, Stemirna Therapeutics, and Cartesian Therapeutics specialize in mRNA related therapeutics or vaccines. Moderna, headquartered in Massachusetts, USA 121 , leads this group with over 45 therapeutics in its pipeline (Figure ) and 131 RNA therapeutic/diagnostic patents (Figure ). BioNTech and CureVac are both headquartered in Germany. BioNTech has in its pipeline 20 therapeutics that leverage the immune system to treat cancer and infectious diseases (Figure ). 121 CureVac has 13 therapeutics (Figure ) along with 76 RNA therapeutic/diagnostic patents (Figure ) for mRNA medicines. Stemirna Therapeutics headquartered in China, 124 has a pipeline of 11 mRNA-based therapeutics (Figure ). Cartesian Therapeutics, headquartered in Maryland, USA 125 , has 9 therapeutics and is a pioneer in using mRNA for cell therapies within and beyond oncology, with products in development for autoimmune and respiratory disorders (Figure ). Alnylam, Sirnaomics, Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Silence Therapeutics, and Dicerna develop siRNAs for their RNA therapeutics. (Effective December 28, 2021, Dicerna is a wholly owned subsidiary of Novo Nordisk. In this paper Dicerna is considered separately.) Alnylam Pharmaceuticals and Dicerna are headquartered in Massachusetts, USA. 126 127 Alnylam is the leader in siRNA therapy with over 19 therapeutics in their pipeline and 77 therapeutic/diagnostic patents (Figure ). Dicerna treats both rare and common diseases with its 14 therapeutics (Figure ). Sirnaomics, headquartered in Maryland, USA, has developed over 19 therapies for human diseases that have no treatments. Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, headquartered in California, USA 129 , treats previously intractable diseases with their 13 therapeutics (Figure ). Silence Therapeutics, headquartered in London, UK 130 , has 9 therapeutics (Figure ).