Similar GPU strategies will be needed for the exact exchange algorithm, but are not yet exploited, as the porting of CPU code to GPU architecture is not at all straightforward. In the CPU implementation, the inherent sparsity of real-space approach keeps the size of matrices used for dense matrix-matrix operations moderate. Thus, with the current algorithm the full capabilities of GPUs cannot be used, and speedups would be limited by communication. An overhaul of the algorithm, and GPU-specific storage and communication patterns will be needed to make it amenable for heterogeneous, GPU-accelerated architectures.