The integration of metal and metal oxide NPs into hydrogels can broaden their use, making the hybrid material effective not only as a therapeutic agent in oncology and infectious diseases, but also for imaging purposes and tissue engineering applications. In this context, silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) NPs have been employed due to their remarkable broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. When homogeneously dispersed within the hydrogel matrix, these NPs are retained in situ, thereby allowing the gradual release of ions (Ag + , Cu 2+ ) to exert their activity. These NPs also possess excellent photothermal conversion capacity, which can enhance their effectiveness in the elimination of bacteria by raising the temperature locally. Moreover, the released Cu 2+ ions are recognized for their role in mediating cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis, thereby accelerating woundhealing and tissue regeneration processes. Similarly, Au NPs, whether spherical or elongated, exhibit excellent surface plasmon resonance properties, enabling them to absorb NIR radiation and convert light energy into heat.