One of the most prevalent and common groupings of fungus in nature is the genus Penicillium. The penicillium species, a diverse group within the fungal kingdom, encompasses a multitude of organisms known for their profound impact on human life. Some species are producers of the antibiotic penicillin, revolutionizing medicine and saving countless lives. While these fungi contribute significantly to beneficial applications such as food fermentation and pharmaceuticals, certain species exhibit pathogenicity, causing plant diseases with economic repercussions. On the flip side, Penicillium strains also hold promise as biocontrol agents, showcasing antagonistic activities against various plant pathogens. This dual nature underscores the complex ecological role of Penicillium species. In this review, the focus on exploring one of penicillum sp., such as Penicillium sclerotiorum, has gained significant attention due to its antagonistic mechanisms and potential agricultural applications.