Protein C (62 kDa) and protein S (75 kDa) are part of the body's innate anticoagulant system . Protein C undergoes activation through the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex, yielding activated protein C (APC) at the vascular endothelial cell surface. Subsequently, free plasma protein S, in conjunction with phospholipids and calcium, acts as a cofactor to neutralize factor V and factor VIIIa. This process inhibits prothrombin activation, thereby diminishing thrombin generation and exerting anticoagulant effects . Protein S also exerts APCindependent effects by directly inhibiting the tenase and prothrombinase complex, further preventing thrombin generation . Fibronectin (259 kDa), another regulator of coagulation, binds to fibrin through various interactions, thus affecting platelet function and hemostasis . PCL fibers adsorbed none ofthese proteins, similar to the β-cyclodextrin-modified (methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine-coated magnetic nanoparticles studied earlier .