Palm oil, extracted from the oil palm tree, is extensively used in cooking, margarine, and non-food products like soap and detergents. However, bio-based oil processing is challenged by high downstream processing costs, necessitating improvements in efficiency to enhance vegetable oil processing . Post-extraction, vegetable oils undergo several purification stages, including deacidification, bleaching, and deodorization, to eliminate impurities. The bleaching process, critical for removing pigments and other unwanted substances, is typically achieved through adsorption using materials like activated carbon .