Ex situ-XRD was employed to track phase changes during the charge/discharge cycle of the CAPode device. The procedure involved constructing the device in a volume cell, with charging steps conducted using the GCD technique. Measurements were held at specific voltages for 30 min. before examination, including -0.5, -0.75, and -1 V for charging, and -0.75 and -0.5 V for discharging. Additionally, a voltage of 1 V was applied to test structural changes under blocked polarization. Figure shows the GCD profile of the h-WO3@Ti electrode, with dotted points indicating the charging or discharging stages where XRD measurements were taken. The XRD patterns (Figure ) revealed no significant changes in the phase of h-WO3@Ti, though certain planes exhibited notable shifts in their 2θ values, particularly the (100), (110), and (001) peaks.