Note that results in Fig. show a variation in areal capacity even between nominally identical experiments. This is because both the CCD and areal capacity shown are true values based on the final measured area of the metal electrodes in the disassembled cell, which exhibits some variability, as explained previously. We also expect a distribution of CCDs to be observed in these experiments, as a short circuit event is correlated with the fracture of the brittle inorganic ceramic electrolyte. Such fracture is inherently stochastic as it is the largest surface flaw on the solid electrolyte that is most likely to be responsible for failure, and the size of such a flaw will follow a statistical distribution . It is therefore unsurprising that the measured CCD values exhibit some variability.