Closed-loop systems represent another significant innovation in process efficiency and water conservation. These systems are designed to recycle and reuse water and chemicals within the dyeing process, thereby reducing the overall consumption of these resources. Research indicates that closedloop systems can recover up to 90% of the water used in dyeing, significantly reducing the environmental impact . Additionally, these systems can improve process efficiency by maintaining consistent dye concentrations and minimizing waste. The main challenge associated with closed-loop systems is the need for advanced filtration and treatment technologies to ensure the quality and purity of recycled water and chemicals . Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are chemical treatments that use highly reactive species, such as hydroxyl radicals, to degrade organic pollutants in wastewater. These processes are effective in breaking down complex dye molecules, making them suitable for treating dye effluents and enhancing water conservation. AOPs, such as photocatalysis and Fenton reactions, have been shown to achieve high degradation rates of dye pollutants, improving the overall efficiency of wastewater treatment . However, the implementation of AOPs requires careful control of reaction conditions and the management of by-products, which can add complexity to the process .