When comparing between community wastewater and hospital effluent in August 2019, comparable concentrations of resistant genes were observed (figure ). A similar observation has been reported with Rodriguez-Mozaz et al., where the absolute concentration of genes blaTEM, qnrS, ermB, sul1, and tetW had comparable abundances between hospital and urban wastewater . Furthermore, when investigating relationships between ARGs in hospital effluent, no clear relationship was established (table and). This supports the theory that AMR levels are more of an endemic nature, developing over time in individual communities. This is also reflected in the low variability of AA prescribing.