Figure shows the mass density and temperature profiles for the systems considered in this study. Results are shown only for INTERFACE-FF, the equivalent plots for Clay-FF and the Savio et al. force field are shown in the Supporting Information (Figure and Figure , respectively). Surface hydroxylation has previously been shown to increase the hydrophilicity of hematite and other oxides, such as silica, due to increased hydrogen bonding. This hydrophilicity is confirmed by a pronounced peak in the water mass density profile close to the hydroxylated hematite/water interface in Figure (b) to (f). This sharp peak near the surface indicates a dense layering of water molecules, which is known to enhance thermal conductivity and reduce the ITR. As a result, we observe a very small temperature drop at the hydroxylated hematite/water interface and therefore an almost