Numerous case studies illustrate the successful application of these methods. The semi-synthesis of bioactive compounds such as paclitaxel, bioactive terpenoids, steroids, and polyketides from uncultivated bacterial symbionts demonstrates the potential of these approaches . Biotechnological advancements, including plant tissue culture and microbial fermentation, further highlight the feasibility of producing these compounds at scale . Genetic engineering has also been utilized to produce complex natural products like artemisinin through yeast, addressing challenges associated with traditional extraction methods from Artemisia annua .