Materials science and engineering play a pivotal role in fostering prosperity, enhancing lifestyle, and advancing the development of environmentally sustainable technologies. The field is profoundly interdisciplinary, encompassing physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics, and computer science. It addresses intriguing inquiries such as: Are new semiconductors with increased efficiencies for solar modules available, and can they surpass the flexibility of materials under discussion today? Which catalyst materials would be optimal for a specific chemical reaction, e.g., splitting of water to produce hydrogen? What combination of alloying constituents imparts unique bending strength, extreme hardness, and corrosion-resistant properties of metallic alloys? Furthermore, how should a surface be coated to attain the utmost thermal protection, e.g., for improving the energy efficiency of turbines?