Live-cell imaging was conducted by confocal microscopy to monitor the internalization of nanoparticles by A549 cancer cells, which is a relevant model for both Gem and Ptx (Figure ). A549 cancer cells were first treated with calcein-AM to stain the cell cytoplasm (green channel, λ = 505-550 nm), while the red channel (λ = 585-700 nm) was selected to track fluorescently-labeled nanoparticles PT2* and G2* after incubation with the cells for 2 or 4 h. was also observed (Figure ), showing the applicability of these nanoparticles to different anticancer drugs.