The four structural components of specifications grading -grade bundles, rubrics with specifications and defined passing thresholds, opportunities to revise and resubmit work, and a token system -are incorporated into courses in a variety of ways and to different degrees. In this section we discuss three of the four structural components independently, giving context for how they have been implemented. The extent to which retakes and revisions are allowed varies, depending on how the other structural components were designed. As such, a conversation about this component will be threaded throughout the next three subsections.