Our approach effectively reduced the original intensity curves to 6 salient features: the pairwise ratio of the first three peak locations, and the location, width, and sharpness of the first primary scattering peak. These physics-informed features substantially simplify the high-dimensional scattering intensity patterns to enable facile structure determination. Importantly, these features are independent of the specific chemical composition of the material, underscoring the versatility of this approach as a universal algorithm for phase identification in a wide range of block copolymers. Including more morphologically relevant features can improve predictive accuracy in similar tasks, whereas adding a large number of less informative features may also degrade the predictive accuracy of the model. Significantly, this method's ability to extract essential morphological information from scattering patterns enables its broad applicability across a diverse chemical landscape extending to various block chemistries, molecular weights, dispersities, number of blocks, and polymer architectures.