Research has shown that universal vaccines might also help in protecting against the novel influenza virus strains. For such vaccines, T-cells are a potential target as they can destroy the cells infected by the virus via identification of conserved epitopes in different flu strains. Recently, a nucleoside-based mRNA vaccine has been developed and it encodes the matrix protein 1, nucleoprotein which is conserved and polymerase basic protein 1 of influenza virus strain H1N1. Flu-experienced ferrets were considered to mimic the adults and the ferrets without previous flu experience were considered to mimic the young children. As a result, the vaccine was able to boost the T cells which were broadly reactive. Moreover, the booster vaccine was able to provide an immune response against the H7N9 influenza virus pandemic. Therefore, it could be inferred from the study that mRNA vaccines targeting the internal proteins of influenza are a promising strategy to provide T cell immunity against different viral strains (van de Ven et al., 2022).