The majority of molecules in our benchmark set (81.6 %, green) do not have any linear bending angles at any point along the optimization trajectory. Of the remaining molecules, most (9.6 %, yellow) have a linear bending angle in the initial geometry, but do not require the addition of a dummy atom. Optimization performance for Green dots correspond to molecules with no linear bending angles, yellow to molecules with at least one linear angle at the beginning of optimization but without the need for dummy atoms, black dots correspond to molecules with at least one linear angle at the beginning of optimization that required a dummy atom, and red dots correspond to molecules that required a new set of internal coordinates be constructed during optimization due to a previously valid angle becoming linear.