The glucose sensors used in this work are based on and adapted from electrochemical glucose biosensors described elsewhere. All monitoring was controlled using in-house potentiostats and a PowerLab 8/35 data acquisition device (ADinstruments, UK), controlled by LabChart Pro (ADInstruments). Data analysis was also performed using LabChart Pro. Current measurements were converted into concentration values using pre-and post-experiment glucose calibrations (by measuring known concentrations of glucose). The results were plotted using GraphPad Prism 8 (GraphPad Software, USA). RM1 and RM3 chow (Special Diet Service) were provided ad libitum for maintenance and breeders, respectively. Environmental enrichment was provided including card board tubes, wooden chewing blocks, and tissue. The maximum housing density was 5 per cage if < 25 g and 3 per cage if ≥ 25 g. No animals were involved in previous procedures. Healthy, immunocompetent, 8-10 week old, male or female mice of a previously described hybrid strain (C57Bl/6J x FVB/N x NOD/Shilt) were used.