To obtain T 1 and T 1⇢ values of the BSA and the sucrose, the spectra were integrated with the T1T2 module in Topspin 3.5pl7 (Bruker Biospin, MA, USA) in the carbonyl region (165 185 ppm) and the alcohol and anomeric signal region (67 102 ppm) to obtain information from the components respectively. The data were then exported to MATLAB (R2016b, The MathWorks, MA, USA) and fitted to the following equations: