Indeed, shorter prebiotically relevant peptides can also form coacervates, some of which can accumulate RNA and maintain a distinct pH more efficiently than coacervates formed by their larger counterparts. Applications of coacervates composed of short peptides have also been found beyond OOL studies. For example, adhesive coacervates composed of short peptides and polyoxometallates have been developed to form an underwater adhesive compound on-site, suggesting that potential synergies between OOL and applied research should be further explored. Finally, the complexity of modern coacervates and membraneless organelles makes it difficult to find quantitative similarities between modern and primitive phase separation. Therefore, minimalistic approaches to determine the shortest peptides capable of phase separation have also been developed. For example, a computational study of all 400 canonical dipeptides showed that peptides with medium aggregation capabilities can phase separate, and suggested that phase separation is a general property of peptides and proteins and does not depend on sequence length. Short synthetic peptides composed of two dipeptide stickers joined by a hydrophilic spacer, resembling the modern IDP sticker-spacer arrangement, self-coacervated and even enhanced the rate of prebiotically relevant anabolic reactions. Although the spacers used in this study may not have been prebiotically relevant, the fact that a polymer containing simple dipeptides could achieve such complex phase separation and function can help to support the theory that large polymeric molecules are not necessarily required for LLPS, indicating the plausibility of phase separation on early Earth from more-abundant short peptides.