Gut and bone health are connected via shared crosstalk with the immune system. The gut regulates immune response and bone remodeling through the intestinal barrier. The intestinal barrier consists of a mucus layer and tight junction proteins, which protect the immune system from pathogens and toxins . Intestinal microbes help maintain this barrier . found that conventional mice had increased gut permeability and inflammatory cytokines, resulting in lower bone mass than germ-free mice. Since systemic immune inflammation can increase bone resorption, it follows that gut-induced immune inflammation can cause bone loss. Additionally, estrogen deficiency compromises the gut barrier, affecting inflammation onset and trafficking of immune cells from the gut to the periphery .