Variation of the surface square waveform amplitude will change the kinetics of the surface chemistry, resulting in a shift of the resonance frequency band. As depicted in the heat map of Fig. , a range of amplitudes (0 < ΔU < 1.0 eV) was evaluated for the volcano curve of Fig. for frequencies varying over 15 orders of magnitude (10 -4 < f < 10 1 s -1 ) to determine the average steady state turnover frequency to B, TOF B . The steady state system response is oscillatory, so the average TOF was calculated via integration over a range of time after the system reached stable oscillation. For each value of the oscillation amplitude ΔU, the two extreme values of U [eV] corresponding to the two states of the square surface waveform were selected to yield two conditions of equal rate; put simply, each value of ΔU should produce a horizontal line connecting two purple points as in Figure . The variation in surface kinetics with square waveform frequency and amplitude is visually apparent in Figure , where low frequencies below 0.1 Hz are slower (dark blue) than static catalysis for amplitudes greater than 0.1 eV. Alternatively, above ~1 Hz, the average turnover frequency increases dramatically to 10 and 1,000 s -1 per catalytic site for amplitudes above 0.3 eV. The ability to dynamically accelerate catalytic turnover depends on the energetics of the obtainable states defined by the shape of the volcano curve. Of the many parameters that define the volcano shape, the linear-scaling relationship parameter, α, relating the surface reaction enthalpy to the surface reaction activation energy can dramatically shift the slope of the volcano plot. While Figures 2 and 3 describe a system with α of 0.8, three volcano plots for α of 1.0, 0.4. and zero are shown in Figure . For steep volcano plots such as Fig. , extension of the slopes as dashed lines above the volcano apex indicate rapid increase in the turnover frequency for amplitudes of 0.6, 1.0 and 1.5 eV at resonance conditions. This is supported by the catalytic reactor simulation kinetics of Fig. , which considered the catalyst system of Figure at variable applied square waveform frequency (10 -4 < f < 10 11 ). For a square waveform at an amplitude of 0.6 eV, the resonance frequencies of 10 3 to 10 7 s -1 yield an average turnover frequency to B of about 52 s -1 per catalytic site. At higher amplitudes of 1.0 and 1.5 eV, the average turnover frequency per catalytic site at resonance achieves 2,074 and 2.0•10 5 s -1 .