The N2 adsorption-desorption analysis, conducted at -196°C, confirmed progressive functionalization within the nanochannels of the materials (Fig. .a). The pore size distributions, determined using the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method, showcased a gradual decrease in average pore size from 2.5 nm for MCM to 2.1 nm for MCM-N and 1.9 nm for MCM-Z (Fig.