TR-SAXS with a stopped-flow apparatus allowed the ion transport to be measured in real time, with millisecond time resolution, and the resulting data are presented in figures 3 and 4. Figure shows the time-evolution of the vesicles without peptide after they are mixed with salt-solution to a final salt concentration of 0.60 M. In the top left plot a sequence of curves captured at increasing times after mixing are plotted on top of each other, with darker shades indicating later times. In this case, the experiment was conducted at 20 °C, which means that the membrane is in gel phase, and there is quite clearly a time evolution of the scattering patterns. The vesicles are gradually deformed, resulting in oscillations in the scattering curve at intermediate Q. Note also that the position of the minima is shifting, and that the entire slope to the left of the minima changes. Again, these changes in the scattering pattern cannot be explained by the contrast change caused by ion influx, and the attempt to do so can be seen by the gray dashed fit curves in the larger central plot. The gray curve is the vesicle reference in salt-free buffer, and is readily described by the model shown by the red fit curve.