While the Biogenic Refinery scenario treating mixed excreta was initially shown to be affordable using general assumptions (i.e., less than the 0.05 USD•capita -1 •day -1 goal set by the Reinvented Toilet Challenge), 21 of the 77 countries evaluated result in a daily cost over the affordability target. The country-specific emissions for the Biogenic Refinery scenarios range from 23 to 67 kg CO2 eq•capita -1 •year -1 for the baseline scenario and 8 to 34 kg CO2 eq•capita -1 •year -1 for the alternative scenario. The differences across the countries can be attributed to differences in local dietary intake by country (i.e., high caloric intake results in higher direct emissions from the pit latrines and higher protein intake results in higher chemical inputs for nutrient recovery from source-separated excreta). The cost of the CRTs exceeded the affordability target for all scenarios using generalized assumptions; however, country-specific values for cost parameters demonstrates the potential for daily per capita cost closer to the 0.05 USD•capita -1 •day -1 goal in some contexts. In the case of the NEWgenerator, cost was largely driven by sludge pasteurization, nutrient capture (via ion exchange), and electrochlorination (disinfection) .