Over the last decade, CRISPR has made significant strides in clinical research, with numerous trials launched to explore its potential in therapeutics. As a result, in late 2023, the CRISPR-based therapeutic, Casgevy, was granted approval becoming the first-ever in just 11 years which is truly a remarkable achievement. Casgevy (exagamglogene autotemcel), the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing therapy for the treatment of patients with transfusion-dependent βthalassemia and the treatment of sickle cell disease in patients aged ≥12 years with recurrent vaso-occlusive crises was approved by the UK Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) on 16 November 2023. 182 US FDA approved Casgevy and Lyfgenia (lovotibeglogene autotemcel) for patients with sickle cell disease on 8 December 2023. Casgevy has been approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for sickle cell disease and transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia on 15 December 2023. To gain insights on ongoing preclinical and clinical trials on CRISPR technology, we retrieved data from Pharmaproject Citeline Clinical Intelligence (Figure ). At present, there are 142 CRISPR therapeutics in different stages of development. Of which 10% are in phase I, 11% in phase II and 1% in phase III clinical trials. A vast majority of CRISPR therapeutics (77%) are still in the preclinical stage of development. The range of disease conditions targeted by CRISPR-based therapeutics currently in the preclinical stages of development are wide -from rare genetic disorders and blood diseases to various forms of cancer and even infectious diseases such as HIV, tuberculosis (TB) and COVID-19. The data reveals that 25% of these therapeutics are focused on cancer (Figure ), which consist of treatment for solid tumors (60%) and hematological malignancies (34%). CRISPRedited CAR-T therapies are leading (57%) against hematological malignancies. However, some CAR-T cell therapies are also being developed for solid tumors (43%) with the help of CRISPR technology. Nkarta in collaboration with CRISPR Therapeutics is developing an allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor-natural killer (CAR-NK) cell therapy targeting CD70, using its off-theshelf NK cell-based technology for the treatment of solid and hematological cancers. Other major disease groups targeted by CRISPR-based therapeutics are shown in Figure ; there are comparatively fewer CRISPR-based therapeutics that are currently under exploration for immunological (4%), respiratory (3%) and dermatological (1%) diseases (Figure ). CRISPR-based therapeutics in preclinical and clinical trials focused on the treatment of neurological conditions (Figure ) such as transthyretin amyloidosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, anxiety, mild cognitive impairment, depression, Alzheimer's disease, Angelman syndrome, small fiber neuropathy and primary erythromelalgia. Of these 92% are in preclinical research stage and 8% in clinical trial phases (Figure and). Of the 9% of CRISPR-based therapeutics aimed at the treatment of alimentary or metabolic diseases, 92% are in the preclinical stage and include diseases such as hyperoxaluria, hepatic dysfunction, inflammatory bowel disease , type 1 diabetes, Pompe's disease, radio/chemotherapy-induced GI injury and ulcerative colitis, and at present only one CRISPR-based therapy named CTX-211 has reached the phase II clinical trials for the treatment of type 1 diabetes (NCT05565248). Several different CRISPR based therapies tackle infectious diseases (7%) (Figure ), from CRISPR-enhanced bacteriophages to the excision of integrated retroviruses, and even epigenetic silencing of entire viral genomes. LBPEC-01, an anti-infective CRISPR based therapy in phase III clinical trial (NCT05488340), is a bacteriophage, under development by Locus Biosciences, using CRISPR/Cas3 (crPhage) technology for the treatment of urinary tract infections caused by the E coli and K pneumoniae. The first ever CRISPR therapy for HIV, EBT-101, aims to cut the virus from the genome of human cells using CRISPR/Cas9 and two guide RNAs, delivered via AAV9 (NCT05144386). Data presented at the 27th American Society of Gene & Cell Therapy (ASGCT) meeting revealed that EBT-101 met the primary and secondary endpoints of safety and biodistribution/ immunogenicity, respectively, it did not prevent viral rebound in three individuals who stopped anti-retroviral medication in a phase 1/2 clinical trial. The sankey charts in Figures and depict the breakdown of CRISPR-based therapeutics across disease groups and phases of development. A few key takeaways from these Sankeys are as follows: