The important aspect of the WikiPathways RDF, for this application, is that it contains information about connectivity of gene products and proteins. This can be applied using SPARQL queries designed to retrieve data about adjacent nodes. The queries used were implemented using Java since the size of the queries required will cause the WikiPathways SPARQL endpoint to time out. The Java code and queries can be found on GitHub. The RDF also contains information about the direction of the interaction (Figure ). Having information about the start and end point of an interaction allows the user to have knowledge of direction of the interaction. In other words, in which direction the arrow is pointed. First the queries started with one of the targets from the challenge data and returns all the targets that are n interactions downstream of the original target list, this can be seen in Figure . In this case, n steps are 4 downstream checks. Since the starting point must be one from the list of targets, we would find all combinations of two targets that are associated with the drugs in both the up and down direction. If starting at the origin point of targets is recognized in combination with another target gene within the 4 steps, it is used in the model to test if it is a potentially synergistic combination of targets that can be used against the drugs. This should generate a list of targets that is closely related biologically but adds some freedom to the original Loewe model.