In accordance with available guidance values (Table ), for most toxicants, breast milk does not act as a vehicle for contamination levels of concern for the infant. This is consistent with another recent report highlighting mycotoxin levels in breast milk substitutes and comparing it to potential exposure through breast milk . According to our estimates, only pyrrolizidine alkaloid levels may warrant further risk assessment. For many classes, e.g., phytoestrogens, Alternaria toxins and BPA substitutes, however, no official health-based guidance values have been published to date.