We investigated the effect of three factors-aluminum (0.02 or 0.5 mg Al L -1 ), orthophosphate (0 or 1 mg PO4 L -1 ), and temperature (4 or 21°C)-on lead release from new lead coupons using a set of batch corrosion cells made with new lead coupons. We evaluated all eight factor combinations (two aluminum concentrations × two orthophosphate concentrations × two water temperatures) as a 2 3 factorial design (Table ), generating independent estimates of each factor's effect and estimates of the interactions among factors.