The ability of atmospheric particles to nucleate ice also influences their long-range transport and concentrations in the atmosphere. When aerosol particles trigger ice nucleation followed by precipitation, the atmospheric concentration and long-range transport of the aerosol particles can be reduced. For example, a study by Haga et al. showed that ice nucleation on fungal spores, which have only modest freezing efficiencies (freezing range -20 to -30°C), leads to a decrease in the annual mean concentrations of fungal spores in remote regions and the upper troposphere.