This research provides insight into the deployment of OP technology, while identifying potential barriers. For decision variables, the type of frontend (i.e., pit latrine or urine-diverting dry toilets) can contribute substantially to overall user costs and, in some cases, emissions. The average number of users per toilet informs deployment of the OP across a community. Although deciding the number of users per toilet is not feasible in most situations, aggregating toilets to a central collection tank (e.g., deployments at apartment buildings or neighborhoods) or public toilets (e.g., deployments at schools or parks) could be considered as it directly influences the economic and environmental sustainability of the OP in both deployment scenarios. For the treatment of mixed excreta, the greatest opportunities to lower user costs and GHG emissions include decreasing pit latrine emptying fees and having more frequent emptying periods, respectively. Source-separation through urine-diverting dry toilets creates opportunities for resource recovery that can potentially offset costs through carbon sequestration and recovery of nutrients. Integrating the produced heat from pyrolysis with the liquid treatment for nitrogen recovery could lower costs associated with ion exchange. Additionally, further studies on biochar quality may introduce greater opportunities to lower costs, especially for the treatment of mixed excreta and when supplementing additional feedstocks. Contextual parameters such as diet (i.e., calorie intake) can impact the GHG emission from the treatment of mixed excreta. Conversely, the protein intake of different populations provides distinctive opportunities for nutrient recovery from the treatment of source-separated excreta. For technology parameters, further research into how the energy production from the Biogenic Refinery could be leveraged for pretreatment may further lower costs and provide a more sustainable system in locations where electricity blackouts are common.