where ip is the maximum current (µA), n is the number of electrons involved in the redox reaction, F is the Faraday constant (96485.3321 s A mol -1 ), A is the electrode surface area (cm -2 ), C is the concentration of the Fc12-PF6 (mM), D0 is the diffusion coefficient (cm 2 s -1 ), v is the voltage scan rate (V s -1 ), R is the gas constant (8.3145 J mol -1 K -1 ) and T is the temperature (K).