Nonadiabatic dynamics plays a significant role in understanding the mechanisms of many physical and chemical phenomena when the electronic and nuclear motions are strongly coupled, such as proton transfer, molecular scattering on metal surfaces, charge transport, and singlet fission. Due to the "curse of dimensionality", a fully quantum description of large complex systems is still prohibitive. In comparison, more efficient trajectory-based methods are widely used as approximate solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE). For instance, Ehrenfest mean field (EMF), trajectory surface hopping (SH) and coupled-trajectory mixed quantumclassical (CTMQC) dynamics based on exact factorization (XF) have attracted a lot of attention. In these methods, an ensemble of trajectories is generally utilized to mimic the nuclear wave packets (WPs) and the electronic degrees of freedom (DoFs) are propagated with the TDSE in nonadiabatic dynamics simulations.