Clays represent a versatile group of mineral resources with varied mineral compositions, geological origins, and processing techniques . When water is added to clay, it becomes a pliable material, making it crucial for various industries. Notable types of clay include kaolinite, montmorillonite, bentonite, and fuller's earth. Typically, these clays are found alongside other minerals such as iron oxide, feldspar, and quartz. Their extensive industrial application is due to properties like heat resistance, chemical stability, and durability, as well as their ability to maintain structural integrity at high temperatures. Consequently, clay is a fundamental raw material in the manufacturing of tiles, insulators, ceramics, bricks, paper, and printing inks . Moreover, clay is vital in the production of cement, plastics, fertilizers, and pesticides. Clays are generally classified as primary (residual) or secondary clays . Primary clay, commonly referred to as kaolin, is predominantly composed of kaolinite and forms from the alteration of feldspar. This type of clay is light, soft, and has a chalky texture, with kaolinite content reaching up to 90%. It also contains varying amounts of quartz, mica, and other minerals. Named after the Gaolin region in China, kaolin is prized for its unique physical, morphological, and chemical properties, making it suitable for ceramics, industrial primers, paints, and paper coatings. It is also utilized in rubber, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and a wide array of other products .