The interface layer can introduce defects in the interface between HTM/Absorber material and Absorber material/ETM, reducing the cell's performance. The temperature is 300k, while the solar radiation spectrum is AM 1.5G. AM 1.5G provides an illumination power of 1000Wm -2 . The hole and electron thermal velocities are 1×10 7 cm/s, while band-to-band recombination is 2.3×10 -9 Cm 3 /s.