where 0 ≤ n crash ≤ n is the number of crashes observed in n independent simulations and t i is either the time point of the crash in simulation i or its endpoint. Typically, n ranged from 40 at higher mass repartitioning to 400 at lower masses. We assessed the uncertainty of the estimator using the standard error σ = k crash / √ n crash , which corresponds to the Cramér-Rao bound. For the exact definition of crashes, see ref 16.