For example, the use of bipolar membranes in combination with ionic exchange membranes has been reported to reduce energy consumption, with values below 10 kWh kg -1 LiOH being reported. To conclude, the Li + /Na + measured selectivity of the P(LiMTFSI-IBMA)-10% EGDMA membrane is 0.98, which is an improvement over the 0.88 measured selectivity of the benchmark Nafion TM 117 membrane, demonstrating the benefit of the Li-selective LiMTFSI functional groups in the polymeric matrix.