Furfural, a crucial platform chemical, is produced when pentoses, including xylose, break down in an acidic environment at high temperatures. It was first industrially synthesized by the Quaker Oats company, which used diluted sulfuric acid to convert agricultural waste from the grain industry into valuable products. This groundbreaking endeavor established the basis for furfural manufacturing as a renewable chemical resource .One of the most straightforward and wellresearched processes is the conversion of xylose to furfural. Traditional techniques that use strong acids in aqueous media at high temperatures have major limitations including low yields (often less than 50%) and environmental problems. These limitations are caused by polymerization and sugar degradation under severe circumstances. Furfural, for example, is only 30% produced when hydrochloric acid is used in water at 170 °C, but diluted sulfuric acid produces even lower yields of 17% at 135 °C. Biphasic systems have been investigated to address these issues. Adding methyl isobutyl ketone to a weak hydrochloric acid solution enhanced furfural yields by 80%, minimizing side reactions and stabilizing the product. Similarly, toluene and diluted sulfuric acid combined with sodium chloride produced high yields, proving the effectiveness of solvent partitioning techniques . Solid acid catalysts have been developed as appealing alternatives to typical corrosive acids. Remarkably, furfural was produced by H-mordenite in a water-toluene medium with 98% yield, and the catalyst was recyclable, albeit with a slight decrease in activity . Ionic liquid methods, such as 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate [EMIM][HSO -4 ], offer environmentally benign alternatives with moderate yields of 62% , while graphene derivatives also produce satisfactory yields (62%), facilitating the conversion of xylose to furfural . The solvent is a significant factor in determining the effectiveness of furfural synthesis. For example, acidic mesoporous silica catalysts in water generate only 14% furfural, whereas the same catalyst in DMSO achieves a substantially greater yield of 75% . Watertoluene and other biphasic systems improve the conversion and selectivity even more, producing up to 76% furfural . Furthermore, xylose can be converted to furfural by DMSO alone at 150 °C in 25% yield; however, considerable pressure is sometimes required to maintain the liquid reaction media .