Figure Operando XANES Spectra and MCR-ALS Deconvolution Results. Panel (A) exhibits the complete operando XANES spectra during its initial discharge at a C-rate of C/10, while panel (B) illustrates the corresponding heatmap of intensity variations with the voltage change at different DoDs. Panel (C) shows the "pure components" derived from the MCR-ALS deconvolution and compared with standard references. Panel (D) shows the compositional ratio evolution during lithiation across the three electrolytes. Intriguingly, a similar pattern is observed on the cathode side (Figures 5C, 5D, 5G and 5H). This finding is noteworthy as all electrodes were harvested in a fully de-lithiated (charged) state, theoretically consisting of S8/Li2S8 with no significant varied sulfur accumulation. This discrepancy is likely attributed to the interaction between BNC and polysulfides, leading to a moderate polysulfide conversion that, while not dramatically impacting the SRR, inevitably causes a certain level of sulfur depletion, resulting in a reduced sulfur intensity on the surface.