Based on the data presented above, the increasing accumulation of TFA can be considered to meet the three conditions of a planetary boundary threat for novel entities as defined by Persson et al.: "Condition 1 (C1) -the pollution has a disruptive effect on a vital earth system process of which we are ignorant; Condition 2 (C2) -the disruptive effect is not discovered until the associated impacts are, or inevitably will be, manifested at a global scale; and Condition 3 (C3) the impacts are poorly reversible because the level of pollution in the global environment cannot be readily reduced…" Condition 1 (C1) is fulfilled based on the many thresholds that could be exceeded of which we are ignorant; including surface water concentrations that exceed ECHA's PNEC of 560 µg/L; soil concentrations that exceed the lowest established NOEC (0.83 mg/kg soil) ; and, indications of human toxicity that have led to precautionary thresholds in drinking water 104 . The existence of such health advisory and regulatory values has been used as the basis for establishing C1 in relation to four PFAAs in a previous study. The possibility of other long-term disruptive effects, which may be already occurring, but which we are ignorant of, is further support for C1 being fulfilled, particularly considering the absence of studies of TFA exposure in agricultural systems and diverse food webs. Condition 2 (C2) is fulfilled as TFA is already present globally in all environmental media, such as its ongoing bioaccumulation in vascular plants, the accumulation in arctic regions, its ubiquity in groundwater, and the global occurrence of industrial sites that are TFA hotspots where impacts are most likely; therefore, when impacts are discovered they would be global impacts. Condition 3 (C3) is fulfilled as when effects are realized globally, they will be irreversible for the foreseeable future, due to TFA's extreme persistence and mobility, coupled with emissions from multiple sources.