Eco-friendly industrial dyeing techniques using synthetic dyes were also discussed, including low liquor ratio dyeing, waterless dyeing technologies, closed-loop systems, and advanced oxidation processes. These methods improve process efficiency and water conservation, reducing the overall environmental footprint. However, challenges such as high initial costs and technical complexities remain. Emerging technologies such as plasma technology, digital textile printing with biodegradable inks, and microbial dyeing offer promising solutions. Plasma technology enhances dye uptake and fixation without water or chemicals, digital textile printing with biodegradable inks minimizes environmental impact, and microbial dyeing provides consistent quality and simpler processes compared to natural dye extraction.