The workflow outlined in this work was first tested on the Ramachandran plot 32 of alanine dipeptide. This system was chosen for several reasons: the Ramachandran plot of alanine dipeptide is a commonly used model system in the field of molecular dynamics and enhanced sampling techniques, making it one of the best-studied conformational FESes available. Additionally, its low dimensionality allows for both the visualization of the FES and access to more conventional methods of exploring this conformational space. The principal results of this are shown in Figure . The structure of alanine dipeptide, with ϕ and ψ, indicated, is shown in Figure . The conventional FES of alanine dipeptide, obtained through histogramming and reweighing of a trajectory generated through a WTMetaD MD simulation , is shown in Figure . A per point FES, generated from the same simulation but with free energies calculated using the local densities of the sampled configurations, as discussed in the Methods section, is shown in Figure . From a visual comparison, it clearly appears that the two FESes are in agreement, demonstrating that the reweighted-DPA density estimate leads to results virtually indistinguishable from standard histogramming-based approaches. Figure shows a per point FES generated using a trajectory from a concurrent metadynamics simulation where ϕ and ψ are biased independently. Besides demonstrating the consistency of the free energies obtained by concurrent biasing, the comparison between Figure and Figure illustrates the trade-offs entailed using concurrent metadynamics. As detailed in the Methods section, concurrent metadynamics promotes the sampling of metastable states without guaranteeing an exhaustive sampling of the joint configurational probability density. Nevertheless, all relevant free energy minima are adequately sampled, and their positions and free energies agree with those obtained by standard, two-dimensional metadynamics (Fig. ). The results of the consistency analysis techniques outlined in the Methods section on the per-point FES outlined in Figure are shown on Figure . Figure shows the evolution of δF (t) for ϕ and ψ. The flattening of the curves shows that the sampling of the two torsions is indeed ergodic over the timescale of the simulation.