Given that the dissolution of flue gas in water results in an acidic solution, pH adjustment is needed in order to maximize bicarbonate and carbonate formation and hence mineralization. An alternative approach has been proposed that uses the application of an electrical overpotential resulting in the electrochemical splitting of water to form H + and OH -ions, producing acidity and alkalinity (La ). The alkalinity that results promotes the precipitation of calcium mineral in the sea water; however, in order for this process to work an external source of Mg or Ca containing mineral must be added to the acid side of the electrolysis process, which is a significant mining, energy and emissions burden (see above). Also, the overall reaction process is still limited by the solubility of CO2 in the sea water.