Ashkelon, Hadera, and Palmachim. The iodine concentration differs significantly among the three DSPs (Fig. ). The median values of the total iodine content are 0.776, 0.053, and 0.166 µg I L -1 for Ashkelon, Hadera, and Palmachim DSPs, respectively (Table ). Natural seawater is rich in iodine, which is almost completely removed during desalination . We found 60 µg I L -1 in seawater sample collected near the Rishon Le-Tsion city coast and 66 µg I L -1 in the sample collected approximately 16 km west of the