Importance of TBK1 in cellular processes TBK1, or TANK-binding kinase 1, is a multifunctional protein kinase that plays a crucial role in various cellular processes. -TBK1 is a key regulator of the innate immune response to viral and bacterial infections. It is activated upon detection of viral nucleic acids by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in the cytoplasm. Activated TBK1 phosphorylates the transcription factor IRF3 (interferon regulatory factor 3), leading to its dimerization and translocation to the nucleus. IRF3 induces the expression of type I interferons and other antiviral genes, which help to limit viral replication and spread. -TBK1 is involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses. It can activate the transcription factor NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) by phosphorylating IκBα (inhibitor of NF-κB alpha), leading to its degradation and the subsequent release of NF-κB. NF-κB translocates to the nucleus and induces the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators.