Chemical reactions coordinate with mass transport, e.g., the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin. These reactions are tightly regulated and crucial for efficient gas exchange. Disruptions in these reactions, as seen in conditions like methemoglobinemia, can dramatically impair oxygen transport capacity . Air flow facilitates the large-scale movement of gas molecules, vapor droplets, and particulates through the respiratory tract. During inhalation, air is convectively moved into alveoli where diffusion then takes over for gas exchange. This bulk flow relies on pressure gradients created by the diaphragm and other respiratory muscles. Dysfunction in these mechanisms, often seen in obstructive diseases like COPD, results in airflow limitations and reduced ventilation efficiency .