Equation ( ) will be referred to as integer loss and yields a value I ∈ [0, 0.5] representing the maximum difference of any network identified stoichiometric coefficient from the nearest integer (rounding to the nearest integer is denoted using • ). With this metric one can asses how well elementary step assumption is obeyed by the identified parameters without knowing the ground truth constants as such. Note that no parameter or error measure used in training or testing is derived from knowing ground truth information. The proposed training strategy is designed specifically to formulate heuristics for applying the procedure to data without knowledge of the underlying mechanism or kinetic constants.