wavefunctions however, the GW 0 @GGA+SaLSA+χ lq method LUMO energies are typically lowered from their GGA energies (median decrease of 1.36 eV) rather than being increased. Consequently, the GW 0 @GGA+SaLSA LUMO energy for all molecules is negative instead of positive like for the GW 0 @GGA and GW 0 @GGA+SaLSA methods. The combined effects of χ lq on the molecules' HOMO and LUMO energies only partially offset, leading to significantly reduced GW 0 @GGA+SaLSA+χ lq HOMO-LUMO gaps as compared to the other GW 0 methods (Figure ). Overall, when compared to the GW 0 @GGA+SaLSA method, the median effect of the GW 0 @GGA+SaLSA+χ lq method increased the HOMO energy by 0.71 eV, decreased the LUMO energy by 3.04 eV, and decreased the HOMO-LUMO gap by 3.70 eV.