Another promising avenue is the enhancement of carbon concentrating mechanisms. While some plants, such as C4 and CAM species, have evolved natural carbon concentrating mechanisms, efforts are underway to introduce these features into C3 crops. This includes attempts to engineer C4 photosynthesis into rice and other C3 plants, as well as developing synthetic carbon concentrating mechanisms inspired by cyanobacterial systems . Improving light harvesting and energy transfer is another key area of research. This involves optimizing the light-harvesting complexes, enhancing electron transport chains, and improving the distribution of light within the canopy. Strategies such as altering chlorophyll content, modifying leaf architecture, and engineering non-photochemical quenching mechanisms have shown promise in improving light use efficiency .