In addition to developing PES models, many other methods have been developed to accelerate AIMD calculations. The "nanoreactor" is a recently introduced AIMD-accelerating simulation method . The rate of reactions can be highly accelerated with a virtual piston periodically pushing molecules toward the center of the simulation. Several new pathways for glycine synthesis from primitive compounds proposed to exist on early Earth have been successfully revealed . Nanoreactors would provide new insights into complicated chemical processes and discover elementary steps suitable for complex systems such as soot.