Both the LiNiO2 and LiMnO2 electrode chemistries are prone to John Teller distortion. This can be overcome by using a mixed transition metal layered oxide. NMC or nickel manganese cobalt oxide was thus conceptualised . It is similar to the other layered oxide structures as shown in Figure . In the lithiated state, Ni 2+ , Mn 4+ and Co 3+ are present. NMC is generally named with regard to the nickel, manganese and cobalt ratios, for instance, NMC 1:1:1 corresponds to Li1-x (Ni0.33 Mn0.33 Co0.33) O2.