IVG represents a groundbreaking advancement in the field of ART offering new possibilities for addressing infertility, understanding human reproduction, and exploring genetic disorders. IVG is an experimental technology that enables the creation of sperm or eggs from somatic cells, such as skin or blood cells. IVG involves the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), into gametes. This process mimics the natural progression of gametogenesis, where primordial germ cells develop into mature gametes through intricate molecular and cellular pathways. Researchers have successfully produced functional gametes in animal models, such as mice, leading to healthy offspring. In 2024, scientists at Kyoto University created precursors to human gametes from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). While IVG has been successfully demonstrated in animal models, translating these techniques to human systems remains a work in progress due to the complexity of human gametogenesis and important ethical concerns. Potential uses of IVG include: providing gametes for individuals unable to produce viable eggs or sperm; enabling same-sex couples to have genetically related children; as well as addressing infertility due to age or medical conditions. IVG can be used to study early embryonic development and genetic diseases in controlled environments. There are ethical concerns regarding embryo creation and manipulation -it might lead to ethical dilemmas about creating and discarding large numbers of embryos, etc. Safety and efficacy need extensive validation before clinical application. One of the primary safety concern regarding germline editing is the lack of sufficient data on long-term consequences and potential off-target effects. There is a growing emphasis on involving the public in discussions about the ethical, legal, and social implications of genetic material editing.