For more details on the simulation scheme, see the SI and our previous work. The presence of oxygen significantly accelerates the film growth process, allowing the film to reach a considerable thickness. As the film grows thicker, the film growth rate transitions into a diffusion-limited regime. Consequently, our previous 6 assumption that the concentration of liquid-phase species absorbed in the film equals the concentration in the bulk liquid is no longer valid. Specifically, the diffusion of dissolved oxygen from the bulk liquid into the film becomes a limiting factor in the growth process. This phenomenon can give rise to distinct regions with different dominating film growth pathways. To investigate these spatial effects on film growth chemistry, we consider axial (z) film growth, assuming the film is uniform in the other directions. There are many components to consider, as illustrated in Fig. .