For plasmas, barriers to overcome to achieve wide-scale applicability include a) fundamental characterization of technology performance, including materials integrity and durability under sustained plasma exposure and overall energy efficiency, and b) developing principles for reactor design and scaleup for these systems that accounts for intimate coupling of catalysts with conductive substrates and electrodes. For instance, in the case of plasmas, dissociation and recombination rates are comparable at atmospheric pressure, which necessitates the need to place the catalyst as close as possible to the plasma to capture significant fluxes of radicals as well as rapid transport of products out of the reactor before they are decomposed.