To further highlight the effect of the representation on the model performance, we have shown a plot of how the validation metric (MAE for the regression tasks and AUC for the classification tasks) changes during training in Figure . Except for the formation energy task shown in Figure , the element representation SkipAtom performs the worst compared to the ionic SkipSpecies representations. For the other three tasks, the SkipSpecies representation achieves better results from the start of the training process, and this is maintained throughout the 100 epochs.