In addition to the discordant structure, COSAN provides almost no opportunities for the formation of new bonds with DNA. Classical intercalators interact with DNA base pairs through their π-electron systems, forming new π-π stacking bonds. These bonds stabilize the dsDNA structure and increase the DNA melting temperature (Tm). But while COSAN is an aromatic molecule, its 3D aromaticity is delocalized over σ-bonds. As such, COSAN lacks the π-electron system of classical intercalators and cannot form new stacking bonds with adjacent DNA base pairs.