Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are organic-inorganic crystalline porous materials . They have well-defined pore structures with high porosity as high as 50% of the crystal volume, offering low density (0.2-1 g/cm ) and high specific surface areas (> 10,000 m 2 /g for some cases) . They can be produced via a reticular synthesis procedure, creating ordered networks or framework structures with strong bonds between organic and organic moieties . The construction networks between both moieties tune the geometry of MOFs via designing the secondary building units (SBUs) with suitable organic linkers . The functional groups and the porosity of MOFs can be changed via methods such as post-synthetic modification (PSM) . Multivariate MOFs (MTV-MOFs) with different metal nodes or clusters and other organic functionalities can also be synthesized . Many MOF materials have strong bonds between their moieties, offering high chemical and thermal stability in the temperature range of 250 o C to 500 o C . The high chemical stability of MOFs, especially against water molecules, is usually required for applications such as gas adsorption of CO2 from the atmosphere or hot-flue gases . MOFs were applied for several applications, including CO2 adsorption , chemical conversion/fixation of CO2 , catalysis , photovoltaic devices , sensors , hydrogen production , dye sensistizing solar cells (DSSCs) , water treatment , energy , and osmotic power generators .