Gold nanoparticles were synthesized using a modified Turkevich method, as outlined in prior research. , In brief, a suitable amount of HAuCl4 was dissolved in a round-bottom flask containing a total of 100 mL of water and brought to a boil. Upon reaching boiling, 1 mL of a 1 wt% sodium citrate solution was added, and the mixture was allowed to boil under vigorous stirring for 30 minutes. After this period, the solution was rapidly cooled to room temperature in an ice bath to halt the reaction. The nanoparticles were then collected by centrifugation at 12,000 rpm and redispersed in water.