To assist with model comparison, Figure displays the parameters of each model in terms of percentage differences from TIP3P and TIP4P-Ew for 3-point and 4-point models respectively. In both 3-point and 4-point models, the σ LJ parameter has the least variation among the three models, which may be expected given its important role in determining the excluded volume, and consequently the liquid density. TIP3P-FB and TIP3P-ST feature larger values of r OH , Θ HOH and q H compared to TIP3P, consistent with increasing the hydrogen bonding strength by decreasing the intermolecular O-H distance, increasing the Coulomb interaction strength, and bringing the bond angle closer to the ideal tetrahedral angle. The parameter with the largest variation is LJ where TIP3P-ST has a smaller value than the other three models. Among the other four parameters, the TIP3P-ST and TIP3P-FB parameter are closer, though we note the former has a slightly higher value of r OH . This indicates TIP3P-ST has stronger directional character in its intermolecular interactions, and could be further understood by examining the thermodynamic properties. On the other hand, the TIP4P-FB and TIP4P-ST are highly similar in the q H , σ LJ and LJ parameters, and both models place the virtual site closer to the O atom than TIP4P-Ew. The value of ω v in TIP4P-ST is smaller than TIP4P-FB, but the accuracy of these two models are highly similar.