For PM monitoring, countries like the US and European Nations (EN)/Union (EU) successfully adopt cyclone-based and impactor-based samplers. Cyclones, impactors and virtual impactors are mechanical devices utilized to separate particulate matter based on particle aerodynamic diameter and later the mass of PM determined by weighing the collecting substrate before and after sampling . Cyclone separators are essential stationary equipment widely employed in the field of air quality. By utilizing centrifugal forces, cyclone sampling techniques are effective in collecting airborne particles. The cyclone separator is known for its simple structure and geometry, absence of internal components, high efficiency, minimal maintenance requirements, and low manufacturing cost. However, it is worth noting that typical cyclones exhibit lower efficiency when it comes to capturing fine particles . Thus, causing a lower "collection efficiency" and sampling representativeness if non filtering substrates are used. In impactors air containing particles is accelerated through an orifice or nozzle towards a plate placed below the orifice, which causes the airstream to change direction abruptly. Particles small enough to follow the streamlines remain suspended, while those unable to do so collide with or impact upon the plate. Various type of these air sampler are commercially employed: high , medium volume air sampler, micro-orifice uniform deposit impactors and cascade impactors .