To ensure the preparation of a uniform mixture, a slurry comprising 10 mL of phenolic resin and 3 wt/wt % of sulfur powder was combined in an ice bath using an ultrasonicator operating at a frequency of 15 kHz for a duration of 5 minutes. Subsequently, thin layers of this slurry were applied onto a standard stainless steel (316L/304) current collector with a diameter of 15 mm and thickness of 0.5 mm using a spin-coating technique, followed by drying on a hot plate. The resulting dried films were subsequently subjected to near-UV laser irradiation (450 nm, 2.8 W, Zmorph Fab) using various lasing parameters such as power, speed, defocusing, and raster spacing to fabricate the graphene/sulfur cathodes.