Nanoparticles exert a few important attributes like nanoscale size, high surface-to-mass ratio, and high reactivity. These properties can be used to overcome most of the limitations found in common therapeutic and diagnostic agents. High amounts of bacterial toxicity mechanisms have been observed in metal-based nanoparticles which collectively makes it difficult for the development of resistance and results in broadening the array of antibacterial activity. The development of nanoparticles has been at the forefront in the last decade using a variety of processes like co-precipitation, thermal decomposition, hydrothermal synthesis, microemulsion, sonochemical synthesis, and sonochemical synthetic routes. Iron oxide nanoparticles show enhanced antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria, in our project we mainly focus on this property of nanoparticles.