To combat these issues, there have been several proposed ideas. The first one is a revolution in the LFA tests by replacing the nanoparticles with magnetic nanoparticles and combining LFA technology with the Isothermal Nucleic Amplification technology . The magnetic nanoparticles could be used to quantitate the measurements if used with an external reader and improve selectivity and sensitivity after being functionalized with an active biomolecule . Another promising technology is the electrochemical biosensor, which has been used to detect viruses, proteins, nucleic acids, and small molecular antibodies. One type of electrochemical sensor, called label-free EIS, is highly popular due to its quick detection of the characteristics of various biological analytes . Two common types of label-free EIS are impedimetric sensors, which measure the change in the charge conductance and capacitance as the targets bind, and the field effect transistor . Last but not least, chip-based nucleic acid detection has emerged to be popular because they can potentially allow automation from preparing the sample to detecting the target nucleic acid in an inexpensive portable device, which follows the ASSURED (Affordable, Sensitive, Specific, User-friendly, Rapid and robust, Equipment-free, and Deliverable) platform guidelines . Some technologies created using the chip-based nucleic acid detection methods include pre-concentration of virus particles, nucleic acid extraction and concentration in microfluidic chips, and nucleic acid detection in microfluidic systems .