Furthermore, the challenge for the electrochemical fabrication of MXene is that, compared to the strong sp 2hybridized carbon framework in graphene, the transition metal in MXene is prone to oxidize if the voltage applied to the MAX phases is over the oxidation potential of the transition metal. (c.f. for the anodic exfoliation of graphite, a voltage of up to +10 V can be applied) . Nonetheless, since the semi-covalent M-X bond is more thermodynamically stable than the weakly metallic M-A and A-A bond, the selective oxidation of the A element is feasible under a suitable condition. The electrochemical etching of MAX phases have been reported using various types of HCl, NaCl, LiTFSI, and NH4OH/NH4Cl electrolytes. However, the MXenes synthesised in those works were mixed with carbide-derived carbon. This suggests that those electrolytes do not entirely remove the carbide generated during etching. Furthermore, the reaction setups reported in the literature are not scalable; working electrodes comprise MAX phases of ceramic pieces produced by cutting the ceramic or pressing the MAX phase powders into pellets. However, the rate of the reaction would unavoidably be hindered by the limited surface area of the electrode. There are also reports of depositing MAX phase powders onto conductive material (e.g., carbon fiber clothes). However, a binder is needed to ensure good contact. Furthermore, the use of CFC and the MXene produced via this method is always mixed with the fiber residues caused by carbon fiber destruction during the washing process.