We further assessed the real-world applicability of the proposed mpLFIA by performing the LFIA assay with RVFV spiked into a blood serum sample, without any purification or dilution. Figure illustrates the magnetic concentration process using blood serum samples spiked with RVFV nucleoprotein. Figure presents photographs of the LFIA strips at various RVFV nucleoprotein concentrations in blood serum, ranging from 2.5 ng/mL to 1 pg/mL, while Figure displays the corresponding gray value intensity profiles. Consistent with previous measurements, a linear correlation was observed within the logarithmic concentration range of 500 ng/mL to 5 pg/mL (Figure ). The LOD for the spiked in blood serum samples was determined to be as low as 1.17 pg/mL, demonstrating that the proposed mpLFIA enables highly sensitive and quantitative detection of infectious diseases in real-world applications without requiring any sample preparation.