Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and diarrhoea stand as the prevailing bovine ailments in the Republic of Ireland, inflicting substantial economic burdens due to production losses (both long and short term), treatment expenses (both direct and indirect), escalated mortality rates, and ensuing replacement costs . According to a report from the All Island Animal Disease Surveillance, jointly compiled by the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine of Ireland (DAFM), the Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute, Northern Ireland (AFBI), and Animal Health Ireland (AHI), BRD and diarrhoea have been associated with mortality rates of 65.4% and 47.3%, amounting to estimated annual economic costs of €900 million and €102 million, respectively ("All-Island Animal Disease Surveillance Report," 2022; "Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine Report," 2022; Gula, 2024). These figures underscore the critical need for effective disease management strategies in Irish cattle industry.