Viral-based gene therapy strategies have attracted scientific and clinical attention. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) mediate anti-tumor effects through direct tumor cell lysis, causing the secretion of tumor-associated antigens and IFNs, which contribute to antitumor immunity . As standalone treatments, oncolytic viruses have yielded only modest anti-tumor effects in patients. This is largely due to the restricted entry of oncolytic viruses into tumors, their limited persistence within the host, and the patient's antiviral response . However, OVs can be used in combination to enhance the efficacy of other therapies, including CAR-T cell therapy, to induce a stronger anti-tumor immune response .