A strong and short pulse of an electric potential that is equal to the switching EEF switches the position of the Ti between LM1 and LM1′ within the time scale of a single molecular vibration (within the domain of terahertz) by eradicating LM1 on the PES. The computed switching EEF for Ti@C70 is ca 1.75 V.Å -1 in the case of a uniform dipolar EEF in our model (see Methods), Fig. . Using electrodes with sharp tips can intensify the electric field locally, and therefore the voltage needed to achieve the switching EEF can be reduced by an order of magnitude or even more. Using a quadrupolar electric field (Fig. ) with voltage at the gate electrodes further helps the system to pass through the intrinsic barrier by affecting the energies of LM2 and TS/TS′, Fig. .