Pioneering work on light-driven transmembrane electron transport across vesicle bilayers was previously reported with a photosensitizer within the membrane combined with molecular electron shuttles resulting in diffusion-based transmembrane electron transfer. A prominent example of the pioneering work is shown in Figure . There are more diffusion-based systems, which are reported for inert conditions. Diffusion-independent light-driven electron transfer has been reported for photoelectrochemical studies with planar lipid bilayers using the type of photosensitizer shown in Figure . A few elegant, but synthetically demanding rigid transmembrane molecular wires and supramolecular barrel were reported for light-driven transmembrane electron transfer, shown in Figure , d. Apart from vesicle lipid bilayer membranes, the transmembrane design is also interesting for photoelectrochemical electron transfer and catalysis at electrode surfaces covered with an inorganic SiO2 membrane coating (Figure ). The function of these transmembrane electron transfer systems was to protect and connect the photo-and electrochemical components.