The fabricated ZrNT/Ag 2 O/AgNp composite (Ag -ZrNT) and unmodified ZrNT prepared by anodizing Zr-Ag alloy and pure Zr foil respectively were characterized using SEM to determine nanotube characteristics, such as diameter, length, surface coverage, and cross-sectional morphologies. Figure shows the top view image of the fabricated nanostructure; from the top, the nanotubular structure was highly ordered, packed, and with an average diameter of 80 ± 10 nm and 9 µm length for both samples. Notably, the presence of silver did not affect/influence the nanotube geometry, however, on the composite Ag -ZrNT there were silver nanoparticles uniformly deposited on the surface of the nanotubes and Figure showed that Ag nanoparticles were not just on top but also along the length of the nanostructure. Another observable difference is the presence of a thin film of Ag 2 O that looks like a mesh that sits on top of the nanotube for the Ag -ZrNT nanostructure Figure S 1. The EDS which is coupled with the SEM was used to determine the presence and Ag content of the composite material; results are summarized in Table and describes the average element percentage, calculated based on EDS analysis of 3 spots on different areas of a composite sample. The average weight percentage of Ag was 1.5 ± 0.8 and this value agrees quite favorably with the actual weight percentage of Ag in the original Zr -Ag alloy. XPS analysis was performed which gives information about elemental surface composition. A general xps survey (Figure ) compares the chemical composition of the different samples and the expected peaks of Zr 3p/3d and O 1s were observed for both samples. The peaks of F 1s and C 1s are due to the organic electrolyte used in the anodization which contains fluoride and despite an attempt at removing this organic residue by dissolving in ethanol, there are still traces in the nanotube matrix. There were no identifiable differences for both samples in terms of detecting the peaks for Ag. This can be due to interference from the Zr 3p peaks with binding energy at 332.78 eV and coupled with the small quantity of the silver in the Ag -ZrNT( ~ 1 wt%), which might be difficult to resolve in a survey scan. However, a high-resolution (HR) XPS spectrum confirms the presence of Ag on the decorated Ag -ZrNT. The signal at 368.2 eV is a confirmation peak for Ag metal 3d with a separated spin orbit ( Ag 3d 3/2 and Ag 5/2 ΔBE ~ 6 eV) and as shown in Figure there are peaks at 367.2 and 373.8 eV for Ag 3d 3/2 and Ag 5/2 respectively. The broadening of the peak and small shift to lower binding energy is indicative of Ag+ species due to the formation of Ag 2 O . Additionally, ToF -SIMS measurement was done to further complement the results from EDS and XPS. Tof -SIMS signals at m/z ratio of 106.9 and 122.9 are typical for Ag and its oxide ion fragment respectively and as observed in Figure the intensity is higher for the decorated ZrNT.