However, at high current densities and/or low frequencies, the cell voltage can change significantly even during the measurement of a single impedance point, which can lead to inaccurate results (Fig. ) . For high-current O-GEIS measurements, the data should ideally be collected with a single impedance point per scan, and drift correction must be employed to compensate for changes in the cell voltage during the measurement of each impedance point. The process of drift correction can be visualized by subtracting the voltage versus time data of O-GEIS and S3E-CP measurements at the same applied current, revealing a highly linear sinusoidal voltage response to the O-GEIS excitation (Fig. ). The Biologic EC-Lab software has a built-in drift correction option, which accounts for changes in the cell voltage using a Fourier transform methodology.