• Economic Viability: The economic feasibility of CO₂-based polymer production is another critical issue for large-scale adoption. While laboratory-based processes can show promise in terms of yield and product quality, the high cost of CO₂ capture, catalyst development, and reaction conditions significantly impact the overall economics. To be competitive with conventional polymer production, advances in carbon capture technologies and catalyst efficiency must drive down production costs. Additionally, economies of scale and optimization of reaction processes will be necessary to make CO₂-based polymers cost-competitive with petroleum-based alternatives .