The comparison of thermodynamic properties at room temperature and standard pressure for six models vs. experiment are listed in Table . The temperature dependence of fitted thermodynamic properties are plotted in Figure , while the validation properties are plotted in Figure . The three-point TIP3P-ST model accurately reproduces experimental thermodynamic properties with a level of accuracy that well exceeds the widely adopted TIP3P model. Notably, TIP3P-ST correctly reproduces the temperature of maximum density, which could not be accomplished by the other rigid three-point water models in our comparisons. The closer agreement with the experimental density curve in TIP3P-ST is a significant difference from TIP3P-FB, and possibly caused by stronger directional interactions resulting from reduced LJ and increased r OH . TIP3P-ST reproduces the experimental thermal expansion coefficient and surface tension more closely than TIP3P-FB, but also has a lower self-diffusion coefficient and higher viscosity compared to experiment. The four-point TIP4P-ST model agrees within 5% of the experimental value for most properties, and the fitted surface tension is surprisingly close to the TIP4P-FB model which did not include surface tension in the fitting targets. Generally speaking, the performance of TIP4P-ST is nearly identical to TIP4P-FB, except that TIP4P-ST achieves an even closer fit to the density amounting to < 0.1% deviations across the whole temperature range. Isobaric heat capacity; D 0 : Self-diffusion Coefficient; η: shear viscosity; TMD: Temperature of maximum density. The TMD for TIP3P model was from reference. The validation properties provide insights into the predictive power of models fitted to surface tension. The TIP3P-ST model yields a higher ∆H vap than experiment, and also has a relatively large self-polarization correction of 7.38 kJ mol -1 indicating a large dipole moment.