Non-sewered Sanitation Systems and Scenarios. Three non-sewered sanitation systems were modeled to evaluate the influence of context on economic and environmental performance and identify key performance typologies relevant for sanitation and resource recovery decision-making. The systems included two household cluster-level CRTs: the NEWgenerator and the Reclaimer 33 , and one community-scale OP: the Biogenic Refinery (Figure ). The NSS systems were modeled to include user interface, onsite storage, conveyance (if offsite treatment), treatment, and resource recovery. Two performance scenarios were evaluated for each NSS technology, resulting in six total NSS systems in the analysis. The NEWgenerator and Reclaimer were each evaluated under two energy source scenarios: grid (baseline) and photovoltaic electricity (alternative), and the Biogenic Refinery was evaluated for treatment of mixed excreta from pit latrines (baseline) and source-separated urine and feces from urine-diverting dry toilets (alternative). Design, simulation, economic and environmental impact characterization, and uncertainty and sensitivity analyses were performed in Python (version 3.9) 41 using QSDsan , an open-source, community-led platform for quantitative sustainable design of sanitation and resource recovery systems. The code for all evaluated NSS systems is publicly available on GitHub 42 . The Biogenic Refinery 4018 (a pyrolysis-OP from Biomass Controls PBC) 43 is a combined pyrolysis and downdraft gasification system designed to process organic feedstocks into biochar.