Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. As of August 1st, 2021, SARS-CoV-2 has cumulatively infected over 198 million people and killed over 4 million individuals in almost 200 countries and regions (). The serious threats to global public health and the economy presented by SARS-CoV-2 create an urgent need to identify novel tools to provide new pharmacologic leads that can improve survival for those already infected. SARS-CoV-2 is a positive-sense, single-stranded, RNA betacoronavirus with a genome size of approximately 30kb. The genomic RNA contains a 5'-cap structure and a 3'-poly(A) tail. During infection, the genome is translated to generate viral polyproteins and transcribed to generate negative-sense RNA and subgenomic RNAs. The SARS-CoV-2 genome contains 14 open reading frames (ORFs) that encode 29 proteins, including nonstructural proteins (NSPs), structural proteins, and accessory proteins. The two main units, ORF1a and ORF1b are located at 5'-terminus and produce 16 NSPs through proteolytic cleavage by two viral proteases: the 3Clike protease (3CL pro ) and the papain-like protease (PL pro ). NSPs are essential for RNA transcription, replication, translation, and suppressing the host antiviral response .