Although aluminum is a far more sustainable metal than lithium, the main factor preventing the widespread adoption of aluminum-ion batteries and replacement of lithium-ion batteries is the superiority in electrochemical performance. There are a few challenges that AIBs face before they can replace LIBs on a larger scale and be adopted in the long term. One crucial consideration is energy density and voltage: the potential difference in a battery originates from the differential electrochemical potential between its anode and cathode. Notably, the standard AIB design currently exhibits a lower voltage than its LIB counterpart, leading to a diminished energy density, a vital metric for applications like electric vehicles where the balance of range and weight is paramount. Another challenge stems from aluminum's trivalent nature, which emits three electrons upon ionization which complicates the ion's intercalation into cathode materials . On the contrary, LIBs use a monovalent lithium ion and its well-researched and optimized cathode materials like lithium cobalt oxide or lithium iron phosphate. The search for a suitable electrolyte that efficiently handles Al 3+ ions and remains stable across the battery's operational voltage poses a significant challenge. A further limitation resides in the discharge rate of AIBs. Due to the inherent complexities associated with the movement of trivalent Al 3+ ions compared to monovalent Li + ions, AIBs currently struggle to achieve the rapid energy release rates seen in LIBs, making them less suitable for high-demand applications. Moreover, AIBs do not match LIBs performance for cycle life and long-term stability, especially under fluctuating temperature and usage conditions 17 .