A glass slide (micro cover glass, MATSUINAMI, Japan ) was subjected to a cleaning process us-100 ing nitrogen to remove any dust particles on its surface. Subsequently, both the PDMS block and 101 the glass slide were treated with plasma (20 ml/min oxygen flow rate, 75 W, 5 s) using a plasma 102 treatment system (FA-1, Samco Inc., Japan). This treatment activated the glass slide surface, pro-103 moting bonding with the PDMS block. After plasma treatment, place the patterned side of the 104 PDMS block on the glass slide carefully while avoiding air bubbles between them as much as pos-105 sible. To strengthen the bonding, the devices were further baked at 80 °C for at least 15 minutes.