A solution of 70% ethanol was injected into both device inlets at 0.35 mL•h -1 for 1 hour to disinfect the system. Sterile bidistilled water was then injected at 0.35 mL•h -1 for 1.5 hour to wash away any residual ethanol. The channels were inoculated by injecting the bacteria pre-culture at 0.25 mL•h -1 for 1.5 hour.