Properties of monolayer TMDs tend to differ from those of their layered bulk structures . For example, bulk WS 2 has a indirect bandgap, whereas monolayer WS 2 has a direct bandgap . Furthermore, the properties of TMD monolayers can differ dramatically depending on both the metal, chalcogenide, crystal phase, and stacking pattern that is present . For example, 1T-TiS 2 is metallic whereas 1T-TiSe 2 is a semi-metal . This breadth of material properties leads to a diversity of possible applications.