Fatty acids are organic compounds consisting of a hydrophilic carboxylic acid head and a hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain. They are simple amphiphilic molecules with significant roles and applications across various fields, including the food industry , daily chemical industry, pharmaceuticals, and medicine . The reactive carboxylic acid group allows fatty acids to conjugate with different backbone structures, enabling the formation of new derivatives with unique structures and tailored functions. This versatility underpins their wide applications, such as emulsifiers , surfactants , and building blocks for biocompatible materials .