Species transport and transformation are integral to myriads of biological functions, encompassing nutrient absorption, waste removal, and cellular communication . For instance, the transport and modification of glucose and lipids are central to metabolic homeostasis, with their dysregulation implicated in conditions like diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Similarly, the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide via red blood cells and their transformations are critical for maintaining cellular respiration and energy production . Furthermore, the roles of species transport and transformation extends to the immune system, where the trafficking and activation of immune cells are essential for mounting an effective defense against pathogens. Disruptions in these processes can lead to autoimmune diseases or chronic inflammatory conditions . Additionally, the transport of therapeutic agents across biological barriers and their subsequent transformation can significantly affect their efficacy and safety, underscoring the importance of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in drug development .