Metaproteomics is the large-scale characterization of the entire protein complement of environmental microbiomes, providing insights into the taxonomic composition, functional activities, and interactions of microbial communities within their habitats . It allows the direct study of microbial community functions in a wide range of environments, from human microbiomes to environmental ecosystems like soil and oceans, and offers insights into both the overall community phenotype and the contribution of individual members to the community biomass .