The molar concentration of sulphate ions η decreases as the intensity of sulphur-sulphur correlations increases. This effect originates from an interplay between the electrostatic screening length lD and the average separation distance l between the sulphate ions. For high η, the electrostatic correlations between sulphate ions are negligible since lD < l. Conversely, when η is small and lD > l, the Coulomb correlations become sufficiently strong to force sulphate ions to form compact clusters. The increasing presence of water molecules that surround sulphate ions decreases interactions between H3O + ions and sulphate ions which enhance their separation distance. This leads to the third learning outcome: if the concentration of sulphate ions intercalated into a GO membrane increases, then sulphate ions become solvated with more water molecules resulting in the formation of larger water clusters around these ions. Based on 3DSGO membrane fabrication , the concentration of sulphate ions intercalated into a membrane is changed by changing the molar concentration of sulphuric acid solution mixed with GO suspension.