LiCoO 2 and LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 O 2 (NMC532) cathode materials were purchased from Canrd and used as received. The laminate of low/medium-high loading LiCoO 2 electrodes (~1.9/~9.3 mg active material cm -2 ) and NMC532 electrodes (~1.9/~9.8 mg active material cm -2 ) were prepared by casting a slurry mixture containing 90 wt% active material, 5 wt% carbon black (Super P, Canrd) and 5 wt% polyvinylidene difluoride (PVdF, Canrd) in N-methylpyrrolidone onto an aluminum (Al) foil. After drying at 110 o C under vacuum for 12 h, the electrodes were cut into discs with a diameter of 12 mm. Thick Li foil (450 μm thickness, 1.56 cm diameter) was purchased from MTI. NaPB was synthesized following a previous report . The areal mass loading of NaPB in the electrode was ~1 mg cm -2 . Electrochemical measurements. Li||LiCoO 2 and Li||NMC532 cells were assembled in the standard CR2032 coin-type cells, with thick Li foil (450 μm) as the anode, one-piece separator (Celgard2400) separator and the prepared electrolyte (70 μL in each cell). The Li||LiCoO 2 and Li||NMC532 cells were tested in constant-current mode on battery testers (Wuhan LAND) within the voltage range of 3.0-4.3 V and 2.8-4.3 V, respectively. Only for the Li||NMC532 cells with medium-high loading electrodes, a constant-current-constant-voltage mode was used; cells were charged to 4.3 V and then held at 4.3 V until the charge current decayed to C/10, where 1C is equal to 180 mA g -1 . LSV studies of the electrolytes were conducted on a Biologic VMP3 system. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was conducted in a three-electrode cell (ECC-ref cell (EL-CELL)) configuration using a Solartron 1470E workstation.