Photoluminescence (PL) measurements were collected on a custom setup. A 447 nm laser (MDL-F-447-2W, Dragon Lasers) excited the sample, PL was collected at 90 degrees using a collection lens, and the appropriate filter was used to avoid saturating the spectrometer (425 nm short pass filter for upconversion PL; 475 nm long pass filter for phosphorescence), QE Pro (QEPRO-XR, Ocean Insight).