For the RSE Atlas, we sampled rings with the highest and lowest RSE values, and validated them by computing the RSE using ωB97M-D4/Def2-TZVPP. The AIMNet2 RSE workflow demonstrated strong consistency with the DFT method, achieving an R 2 of 0.99 and an MAE of as the ring size and the number of heteroatoms, and is color-coded by the RSE. This plot intuitively shows how each factor influences the RSE distribution. For example, the size coordinate predominantly displays red for sizes 3, 4, and 9, indicating that many rings of these sizes have high RSE. It is also observable that rings with a greater number of double bonds, triple bonds, or oxygen atoms typically exhibit high RSE, whereas rings containing more silicon, phosphorus, or sulfur atoms tend to have lower RSE. More statistical plots about the ring atlas can be found in Figure .