Each of them is a well-characterized product of a chemical reaction that was conducted for a specific project or research aim. Most of the compounds were published as part of a chemical study before or after their submission to the Molecule Archive and the deposition of the data to the Chemotion repository. Scientists from different institutions tested the robustness of the infrastructure with respect to the digital transfer and deposition of data, as well as the physical transfer and deposition of samples (Figure ). They contributed to adapting the infrastructure components to their scientific needs. The proposed process to gain FAIR-AR samples includes five main steps: (1) The isolation of the samples from a chemical reaction or a natural product isolation and their analytical characterization, (2) the entering of the samples' metadata and the deposition of the analytical data in a research data repository, (3) the collection of samples and the (4) shipping to the location of the materials' archive (in our example: Molecule Archive at KIT) including the registration of the samples to the archive by the archive's staff , and finally (5) the publication of the results in scientific journals (Figure ). The partner sites and research groups (red circles) that established the described FAIR-AR samples model and provided the first use cases for open data and open materials in different subdisciplines in chemistry are represented schematically in Figure . The implemented process and the order of the proposed steps considers the requirements of the current research system in Germany, including new requirements to openly provide research data along with scientific publications . According to this, the research data should be submitted to a repository before or at least in parallel with the publication of manuscripts in scientific journals to allow access to data during the review of publications. Therefore, step 2 needs to be finished before step 5 -even though data might be accessible only to reviewers at this stage. The order of publication and materials' provision can vary flexibly depending on the amount of material available and the intended publication strategy. Archiving the material before scientific results are published (green workflow in Figure ) could strengthen the publication, as the materials archive can confirm the provision of the sample and hand out information on the quality/purity of the samples. Suppose compounds are already available in the Molecule Archive when the referring work is to be published. In that case the information on the availability of the materials can be added to the publication -very similar to the referencing of data deposition in repositories. The sending of materials to an archive after the publication of scientific results (blue arrows in Figure ) has the advantage that materials are quickly available if reviewers need additional data from the authors, in cases where only limited material is available.