To characterize the life cycle GHG emissions of the NSS system, we performed a LCA across the construction and operational stages. Although a range of impact categories can be evaluated, the focus of this LCA was on global warming potential (GWP). As such, all sources of GHG emissions were normalized to CO2-eq (100-year time horizon) with a functional unit of the provision of sanitation for one person for one year (final unit of kg CO2-eq•cap -1 •y -1 ). Material requirements for construction and replacement parts were acquired from the BOM, and consumables and energy consumption were determined from Tampa, Florida (USA) integration testing data. Life cycle inventory data for all materials and processes were acquired from the ecoinvent v3.2 database, and characterization factors were from the U.S. EPA's Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemicals and Other Environmental Impacts (TRACI 2.1 v1.03). For the general and country-specific cases, rest of world or global emission factors were used (when available) to account for global manufacturing and deployment. When material masses were not available in the BOM, masses were calculated using material density and volume, or by identifying surrogates (similar items with masses available). Direct emissions (fugitive methane, CH4; nitrous oxide, N2O) from the degradation of bodily waste during storage and treatment were estimated using COD and nitrogen quantities in the bodily waste. A 90% biogas combustion efficiency was assumed for the sludge pasteurization unit (i.e., 10% of methane was released as a fugitive emission), and a 10% heat loss was assumed in the sludge heating process. The final effluent from the NSS system has the potential to be recycled for use as flush water, but would require Category A treatment per ISO 30500. Ultimately, however, local regulations and conditions are likely to govern the reuse of recycled water. Additional details are provided in Section S6 of the SI.