During in-vitro testing, the biosensor displayed a strong correlation between output current and glucose concentration. In artificial saliva containing salts and proteins, the glucose sensor demonstrated highly sensitive detection across a range of 5-1000 µmol/L of glucose, covering the range of glucose concentrations typically found in human saliva. The researchers showcased the sensor's ability to monitor saliva glucose in a phantom jaw replicating the structure of the human oral cavity, along with the wireless communication module. They achieved stable and long-term real-time monitoring (lasting over 5 hours) using the telemetry system. This mouthguard biosensor holds promise as a novel method for real-time, non-invasive saliva glucose monitoring to improve dental patient management.