In the MSNovelist study, Zamboni and co-workers use a long short-term memory (LSTM) language model to translate the spectra to molecules directly, with a computational complexity of O (1), instead of the database searching at complexity of O (n) . With LSTM models having been used to reliably write sequences for several natural language processing, chemistry, and biology tasks , and the training of the model using MassBank, a dataset of biomolecules, we used the model as-is.