Despite extensive research, gaps remain in fully elucidating the interplay of transport and transformation processes in GI pathophysiology. There is a continuing need for studies focusing on integrated models that account for interactions between chemical, physical, and mechanical factors in disease progression and treatment outcomes. A comprehensive understanding of chemical species transport and transformation underscores their critical roles in gastrointestinal health and disease . Detailed mechanisms in the context of GERD illustrate the broader applicability of these principles to other GI pathologies. Bridging existing knowledge gaps with integrated, multidisciplinary approaches will enhance our ability to address complex gastrointestinal diseases effectively.