A conservative estimate using the lower bound U.S. annual consumption rates for each item, the lower bound initial estimate for the social cost of plastic pollution, and assuming only 0.5% of these items leak into the environment, suggests that switching from PS to CDA foam could equate to annual savings for society due to a reduction in the cost of plastic pollution of ~$1.6 billion for food trays and ~$114 million for takeaway containers. These savings are also conservative because they do not reflect costs associated with circularity and renewability, as discussed in the following section. Moreover, regardless of the value of the exchange constant, the savings to society by using non-persistent materials are inherent; they are baseline savings that do not rely on changes in consumer behavior or waste management infrastructure. ) are included in Supplementary Table . Supplementary Figure includes comparisons to additional materials.