Researchers used the citrate combustion method to create Co-Cu-Sm nano ferrites, effectively removing RhB dye from polluted water. The band gaps of these nanoferrites decrease when Sm 3+ ions are added. The nano ferrite with x = 0.15 achieved a 94.36% degradation rate within 270 minutes, indicating their potential application in wastewater treatment. Singh, Sneha, and colleagues have discovered that magnetically recoverable spinel nanoferrites doped with samarium (Sm) can effectively be photocatalysts for removing organic contaminants from wastewater. They produced a series of Sm-doped spinel nano ferrites, MSmxFe2exO4 (M= Ni, Co), using the sol-gel method and systematically studied the influence of Sm doping on the pure nanoferrites structural, morphological, optical, and magnetic properties.