Bacterial biotherapy has gained significant attention in the field of cancer and challenges the traditional methods of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions . Tumor tropism can selectively target them and accumulate within the cancer cells . They can target tumors by modulating the immune system or delivering therapeutic payload . Bioconjugation is a technique in which bacteria are used as a vehicle to transport drugs to a specific region of the body . Bacteria have unique properties that make them well-suited for drug transport, such as traversing various physiological barriers and selectively targeting specific diseased cells (tumor cells) . Nucleolin (NCL) is a multifunctional protein primarily located in the nucleolus . However, it can also be present on the cell surface in various cancer diseases . NCL on the plasma membrane acts as a coreceptor for attaching multiple single-stranded RNA, bacteria, and toxins . The protein is primarily present inside the cell and helps in ribosomal production, DNA repair, DNA transcription, and RNA splicing . In cancer cells, these proteins are also present on the cell's surface and can be used as cell surface markers for cancer detection and treatment .