With engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) playing an increasingly important role in our lives, the need for adequate risk assessments (RA) for ENMs is urgent . The broad diversity of ENMs and the wide range of their applications, from paints or coatings to medicine, food and cosmetics, introduce both opportunities and challenges. New applications and nano-enabled products are regularly introduced on the market, solving problems such as antimicrobial resistance (4-7), safer drug formulations and delivery and cost-efficient sensor technologies , to name a few. However, the diversity in ENM design and applications has been raising many concerns related to hazard and exposure assessment whenever detailed quality and safety data are lacking. The concern is even bigger due to a lack of integration of cumulative hazards and aggregate exposure assessment in the current RA framework that underpins existing regulation and by differences in legislated procedures for different ENMs classes (e.g., pharma-grade, industrial, advanced materials) .