In particular, this approach was used as a first step to generate a series of atom-counting maps from 10 snapshots taken every 0.6 s along a 6 s of ADF-STEM sampling( Figure ). In Figure we present snapshots of the obtained NPs, color-coded based on a scheme that correspondsto the number of atoms in each atomic column. As previously mentioned, the reconstructed 3D structures of the NPs correspond to 10 frames, captured over a total observation time of 6 s using ADF-STEM (Figure ). While the reconstructed NP structures are quite decorrelated in time(time interval between them of 0.6 s), these are already useful to attain an unprecedented view of the atomic rearrangements occurring on the surface of the NP in realistic experimental regimes. To extract information on the atomic environments (AEs) emerging on the NP during the experimental data acquisition, we employed a recently designed approach based on SOAP power spectra (Figure ), with the purpose of analyzing and better interpreting what happens into the atomic structure of these real NP experimental snapshots. As a first step, we calculated the SOAP spectrum of each atom for all the snapshots (see methods for details). The SOAP power spectrum provides a comprehensive representation of the atomic environment by combining radial basis functions and spherical harmonics, effectively capturing both the local structural details and global symmetry features. This descriptor thus provides deep insight into how the neighbor atoms are arranged in the space in the local environment surrounding each atom in the NP (i.e within a cutoff radius). Complete details on the SOAP analysis are available in the methods section.