The sidechain scans for all dipeptides followed the same fitting process as the alanine/glycine backbone with no weighting or regularization used. As atom-typing is not used for the non-bonded parameter assignment in the QUBE force field, each set of sidechain torsional parameters is also residue-specific. This differs from the approach used in OPLS-AA/M in which sidechain torsional parameters with the same set of atom types are generally assigned the same parameters.