In addition, the conventional production of nanoparticles often involves toxic chemicals and harmful processes, leading to significant environmental and health concerns. To address this pressing issue, over the past decade, eco-friendly methods using plant extracts, microorganisms, fungi, yeast, and enzymes have been crucial for preparing metal oxide nanomaterials (13) (14) . These approaches produce, to an extent, impurity-free nanomaterials within a confined size range, unlike expensive, hazardous physical and chemical methods. Plant extracts are particularly promising due to their simplicity, availability, absence of toxic chemicals, abundant biomolecules, minimal contamination, cost-efficiency, and rapid reactions . Furthermore, nanoparticles synthesized with plant extracts also exhibit high stability, with biomolecules acting as reducing, capping, and shape-directing agents for precise nanomaterial synthesis . However, a significant challenge lies in controlling the consistency and reproducibility of nanoparticles synthesized using plant extracts, as variations in plant composition can lead to fluctuations in nanoparticle morphologies and purity.