Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a spherical-shaped virus belonging to the Lentivirus family. Upon infecting humans, it can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Currently, 1.2 million people in the US are infected with HIV disease. The HIV virus specifically targets CD4+ T cells (CD4 cells), which are central facilitators of the immune response. The hallmark feature of HIV infection is the depletion of CD4+ T cells, which subsequently raises risk for infections and cancers. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) aims to target the HIV virus at different stages of its life cycle. Although not curative, it reduces the patient's HIV burden, thus decreasing the risk for opportunistic infections, cancers, and other illnesses.