Usually, these oscillations lack the necessary intensity to overcome the barrier, causing the atom to revert back to its original position. Occasionally, substantial displacements occur, resulting in a successful diffusion of the atom. These occurrences of activation are infrequent compared to the frequencies of the lattice vibrations, which are characterized by the Debye frequency, typically ranging from 10 12 to 10 13 s -1 . Once an atom has moved due to an activation event, the energy dissipates quickly. Consequently, the atom becomes deactivated and awaits many lattice vibrations on average before it jumps again. In a crystal, atoms undergo thermally activated motion, transitioning between lattice sites (or interstitial sites) through a sequence of distinct jumps.