The diagram illustrates key components of metabolic engineering in plants. Central plant image represents the target organism. Primary metabolic pathways: photosynthesis, glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and nitrogen assimilation. Secondary metabolic pathways: flavonoid biosynthesis, terpenoid synthesis, and alkaloid production. Genetic modification techniques: CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, RNAi, transgene insertion, and promoter modification. Desired outcomes: increased yield, enhanced nutrient content, improved stress tolerance, and production of valuable compounds. Arrows indicate how genetic modifications influence pathways to achieve specific outcomes. This diagram demonstrates the integrated approach of metabolic engineering in modifying plant metabolism for improved agronomic traits and novel product synthesis.