The convergence of the optimization is evaluated using the average values of the objectives in the Pareto solutions , see results in Supporting information SI 4. The average thrust force, Fda and MRR stabilize at the 20 th generation for CF/PEKK and the 10 th generation for CF/epoxy. The different levels of average objectives between CF/PEKK and CF/epoxy are consistent with results in Fig. . Therefore, the Pareto solutions obtained for the 100 th generation can be deemed reliable in this study.