Definitions of the macro-categories are stated as follows : (1) Biological hazards: A hazard caused by the exposure to living organisms and their toxic substances (e.g. venom, mold) or vector-borne diseases that they may carry. Examples are venomous wildlife and insects, poisonous plants, and mosquitoes carrying diseasecausing agents such as parasites, bacteria, or viruses (e.g. malaria). (2) Geological hazards: Natural hazards caused by geodynamic activities or abnormal changes in the geological environment, such as earthquake, landslide, volcanic eruption, etc. (3) Meteorological hazards: Natural hazards caused by short-lived, micro-to meso-scale extreme weather and atmospheric conditions that last from minutes to days, such as extreme temperature, lightning, extreme rainfall, extreme wind etc. (4) Hydrological hazards: Natural hazards caused by the occurrence, movement, and distribution of surface and subsurface freshwater and saltwater, such as river flood, extreme wave, sea surge tsunamis, etc. (5) Climatological hazards: Natural hazards caused by long-lived, meso-to macro-scale atmospheric processes ranging from intra-seasonal to multidecadal climate variability, such as wildfire etc. (6) Extra-Terrestrial hazards: A hazard caused by asteroids, meteoroids, and comets as they pass near-earth, enter the Earth's atmosphere, and/or strike the Earth, and by changes in interplanetary conditions that affect the Earth's magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere. (7) Technological hazards: The potential occurrence of a human-induced physical event or trend or physical impact that may cause loss of life, injury, or other health impacts, as well as damage and loss to property, infrastructure, livelihoods, service provision, ecosystems, and environmental resources, such as fire, explosion, toxic gas dispersion, etc.