To further unravel the underlying mechanisms responsible for the kinetically induced memory effect and to gain a deeper understanding of the collective thermodynamic behavior, we implied electrochemical porous electrode models extended to encompass the thermodynamics of phaseseparating active particles through phase-field modeling . These models, which naturally account for size-dependent nucleation barriers , predict the behavior of phase-separating active battery materials at both the single-particle and multi-particle levels under various operating conditions . As a result, the coupling between phase-field and electrochemical modeling can fit experimental voltage curves , provide an accurate picture of the active particle population 9 , and generate realistic operando X-ray diffractograms .