MCM-N (0.5 g) was added to 1,4-dioxane (25 mL) and sonicated for a few minutes to create a homogeneous mixture. Subsequently, a solution of succinic anhydride (20 mg, 0.2 mmol) in 1,4dioxane (12.5 mL) was added under stirring. The mixture was then heated for 10 minutes at 80 °C to facilitate the reaction. Finally, the product was isolated by centrifugation, cleaned with water and ethanol, and oven-dried overnight. MCM-41, MCM-N, and MCM-Z nanoparticles were dispersed in their respective buffers at 0.5 mg/mL concentrations. A Zetasizer Nano ZS instrument, manufactured by Malvern Instruments in the UK, was used to conduct the measurements. This instrument is equipped with a 532nanometer laser and configured for a 173-degree backscattering angle. The temperature was maintained at 25°C using the instrument's built-in thermostat.