No single technology is available that can recover all the nutrients from waste streams. Only the use of multiple processes in concert is likely to both improve nutrient recycling and minimize the environmental impact of fertilizer used. Ecofriendly technologies, such as composting, vermicomposting, composting with biochar, anaerobic digestion, and pyrolysis are known processes for improving sustainability in waste management for plant nutrition. Nutrient recovery technologies can be divided according to their functions into nutrient accumulation, release, and extraction. Pyrolysis, adsorption, chemical precipitation, ion-exchange, membrane filtration, microorganism accumulation (algal cultures) could be used for nutrient accumulation. Anaerobic digestion, bioleaching and thermochemical methods provide nutrient release. Nutrient extraction can be achieved by crystallization, electrodialysis, liquid-gas stripping, or gas-permeable membranes. 117