The total mass lost during the ~1.5 hour 1900 K period was ~2.7 MDa, corresponding to ~12% of M at the beginning of the 1900 K period. In Fig. , the NP was also held at 1900 K for ~1.5 hours, with total mass loss of ~2.6 MDa, corresponding to ~14% of the mass at the start of the second 1900 K period.