To date, various small-scale microfluidic artificial lung designs have been constructed and tested at lab scales . Microfluidic artificial lungs are commonly formed by a single blood layer and a single gas layer separated by a gas diffusion membrane. One of the first examples was the flat-plate membrane oxygenator developed by in 1977. Despite Hung's pioneering work, the important hydraulic resistance of the small-diameter blood channels and the advent of hollow fiber membrane technology delayed the research in microfluidic artificial lungs.