Average concentrations across the sampling period, for both hospital and community wastewater, have been compared with the PNEC values (Table ). A handful of AAs were reported to have concentrations that fell below PNEC values for both hospital and community wastewater, including TET, OTC, and CHL. However, several AAs exceeded the PNEC in both communal and hospital wastewater, including CLR with average concentrations 0.47 ± 0.32 and 0.72 ± 0.31 μg/L in hospital and domestic wastewater respectively, above the PNEC of 0.08 μg/L. Similar observations were observed for CIP, with average concentrations 0.93 ± 1.66 and 0.52 ± 0.24 μg/L in hospital and domestic wastewater, again above the PNEC value of 0.064 μg/L. Both CIP and CLR have been previously reported to exceed the PNEC values, in a range of environmental matrices including hospital, municipal and surface waters . The levels exceeding PNEC values could have the potential to promote AMR. Several AAs exceeded PNECs in hospital effluent, but often fell below in community wastewater (table ). For example, AA concentrations in hospital and community wastewater respectively: SMX 1.47 ±1.58 and 0.46 ± 0.19 μg/L, PNEC of 0.6 μg/L; ERY 2.20 ± 2.31 vs 0.06 ± 0.05 μg/L, PNEC of 0.5 μg/L; and TMP 3.25 ± 2.76 and 0.33 ± 0.12 μg/L, PNEC at 0.5 μg/L. Thus for certain AAs, hospital effluents could pose a greater risk of selective pressures of ARGs. The hospital effluent contribution to Bath will likely contribute a small amount to the overall wastewater reaching the WWTP, however the unique environment that hospital effluents constitute (with concentrated AAs exceeding PNECs), highlights the importance of including hospitals in AMR surveillance.