All capital cost values provided in genGEO have some accounting for indirect costs and contingency. Indirect costs, which NETL (2011, 2019a) calls Engineering, Procurement, and Construction Management (EPCM) costs, are necessary costs for administration, planning, and design that are separate from the plant material and labor costs. GETEM and GEOPHIRES generally assume indirect costs are 12% of the installed cost (i.e. bare erected cost). For example, if surface piping has a 1M$ installed cost (i.e. labor and materials), it will likely cost an additional 0.12M$ to draw engineering plans, procure the materials, and supervise the construction. Similarly, NETL (2012) assumes indirect cost is 9% of installed cost. We assume the GETEM indirect cost multiplier of 12% in genGEO ( 1.12), unless explicitly stated otherwise.