Good donor kidney quality is the basis for long-term graft survival . A rapid and noninvasive assessment of donor kidney quality is necessary before implantation. As far as we know, utilizing NIR-II imaging technology to assess donor kidneys' quality before renal implantation has scarcely been reported. By flushing renal preservation fluids containing non-degradable hydrogel microspheres (200 and 500 μm in diameter) into the donor kidneys, two sorts of rabbit models were established to simulate the donor kidney with suboptimal conditions. As shown in Fig. , after perfusing with DIPT-ICF NPs through the renal artery, the fluorescence signal can clearly present the embolism extent of intrarenal arteriole. For kidney without embolism, the fluorescence signal was uniformly distributed over the kidney surface without fluorescence signal defect area (Fig. and). However, the fluorescence signal of embolized kidney exhibited alternately bright and dark regions on the renal surface (Fig. and), in which the dark regions represented the ischemia areas caused by arteriole embolisms while the bright areas indicated good kidney perfusion without intrarenal embolisms. For kidney flushed by larger size of microspheres, most renal segment arteries were embolized, and more than 2/3 of the renal surface fluorescence signal was lost (Fig. and). These results suggest the feasibility of NIR-IIa imaging based on DIPT-ICF NPs for detecting intrarenal embolism. Donor kidneys may also experience various potential periods of ischemic injuries during kidney transplants despite continuous advances in surgical and hypothermic perfusion techniques .