In addition to the sulfate ions of the sulfate carriers, other inorganic ions, such as nitrate, can be present in the pore solution. Accelerators or corrosion inhibitors are typical sources of nitrate ions. Ions such as chloride or nitrate can be incorporated into the layered double hydroxide (LDH) structure of AFm phases, resulting in the formation of Friedel's salt and nitrate AFm . In a recent study, Li and colleagues employed a combination of inorganic and organic molecules to selectively control the hydration process of aluminate phases in OPC. Their approach involved the retardation of ettringite nucleation and the simultaneous enhancement of aluminates dissolution at a specific point in time, resulting in a higher amount of ettringite formed and improved material properties . Thus, understanding how ions like SO 2 4 , Cl -or NO - 3 affect the hydration kinetics of C 3 A is important for elucidating their influence on the early age rheology and structure of cementitious materials.