The picture of electronic states and electronic excitations developed in Figure is well supported by the optical absorption spectra shown in Figure and calculated using TD-DFT. The calculated optical absorption spectrum of the complex is plotted in Figure (a), including FIG. . Optical absorption spectra. (a) Spectrum of the complex of Figure with double doping. P1 and P2 polaron excitations are marked as well as selected charge transfer excitation that occur in the complex. A corresponding stick spectrum for the underlying electronic transitions is also included. (b) Spectra of neutral and singly positively charged OSC oligomer. Also included is the complex spectrum of panel (a) for comparison.