The effect of reduced noise points with increasing 𝜖 is qualitatively shown in Figs. 2D1-3 by the decrease in black colored regions. We further quantified the effect of varying 𝜖 in Figs. 2E1-3. First, the calculated default 𝜖 is where the difference curve slope crosses the x-axis in Fig. . As the neighbor distance decreases, the ratio of noise points becomes increasingly sensitive to 𝜖 until DBSCAN measures most of the ligands as noise (Fig. ). Specifically, the number of noise points shown in Fig. dramatically decreases as 𝜖 approaches the recommended default value. We also find that the cluster number increases with decreasing neighbor distance (Fig. ) until DBSCAN treats a high proportion of ligands as noise. So, the default value of 𝜖 in HiMap reduces the number of noise points in the dataset. Since each noise point will essentially be an orphaned ligand, this is a relevant design consideration.