• Hemocompatibility. ECMO clinical applications require artificial lung lifetimes of up to several months (i.e. lung failure or chronic lung disease) and up to now, microfluidic artificial lungs have not demonstrated this level of hemocompatibility. Though they can better mimic the vascular physiology, the impact on blood compatibility has not yet been quantified. The development of microfluidic artificial lungs for long-term application should include: