Our results suggest that relative disparities in exposure will persist without a paradigm shift in transportation policy. Some policy approaches have the potential to not merely reduce aggregate levels of exposure, but also relative disparities. For example, creating low emissions zones or promoting mode shift away from private automobiles (e.g., dense public transit networks, bike lane infrastructure) could be more likely to reduce exposure disparities from the on-road vehicle fleet than statewide fleet-specific emissions controls, while also improving air pollution throughout the system . Without systemic changes to transportation infrastructure, it seems possible that these relative disparities could persist even in a future, lower emission scenario. Conversely: by strategically accelerating emission-reductions, such as vehicle electrification efforts, with deployment emphasizing overburdened areas, EJ communities could achieve substantial short-term reductions in relative exposure disparity.