The D values, estimated in the HM environment and using SPCEs, were used to estimate k and EASA values for HM-coated LIGs, as depicted in Table . Bare LIG and SPCE exhibit similar heterogeneous transfer rates, yet regardless of their hydrophobic nature, LIG possesses higher EASA, influencing superior charge transfer kinetics. Supplementary EIS measurements in the SI file, Fig. confirmed that the charge transfer resistance is 72.46 and 11.22  for SPCE and LIG (P12%), respectively. LIG has an anionic surface charge, because of oxygenated carbonyl or hydroxyl functional groups (see Fig. ). Accordingly, positively charged CS chains can adsorb at graphene platelets, while negatively charged Alg adsorption is hard. However, regardless of molecular adsorption, the mechanical interlocking of hydrogels, inside the porous LIG structure, helps their fixation onto the electrode. Accordingly, one can expect the best molecular contact between CS polymer chains and graphene, and the worst for Alg. This indicates the highest available electrochemically active surface area (EASA) for ferricyanide redox probes in the CS matrix and the lowest for Alg.