The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that diabetes ranked seventh among the top causes of death worldwide in 2016. Tragically, the number of deaths related to diabetes continues to increase, with approximately 1.6 million deaths reported globally in 2019. The WHO notes that diabetes can contribute to various health problems, such as blindness, lethargy, kidney failure, strokes, numbness, and heart attacks. Diabetes can be an even worthy-noting problem in developing countries. In many developing countries, there has been significant economic growth over the past decade, but current projections indicate a slowing of this trend. China, Brazil, and India have experienced sustained and impressive economic growth, leading to urbanization, mechanization, and the entry of multinational food corporations into their markets. As affluence has increased, the middle socioeconomic stratum has gained greater purchasing power for energydense fast foods and processed foods, leading to significant changes in physical activity and food choice behaviors. Traditional eating patterns and cuisines have been replaced, leading to a rapid escalation of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Such lifestyle and nutrition transitions have been strongly linked to these health issues. The prevalence of obesity has risen worldwide, with rapid increases seen in children, adolescents, and adults, exceeding 50% in men in some developing countries. Thus, it is crucial to prevent missed diagnoses and delayed treatment, as these could lead to fatal consequences. Regular glucose monitoring is an indispensable diagnostic tool that allows doctors to identify early symptoms of diabetes and administer timely treatment to avert severe complications. This review provides a peek into the basics of graphene, as well as the very recent advances since 2020 utilizing graphene, GO, rGO, and other novel graphene composite to monitor glucose.