The most important challenge in employing photosynthetic organisms for CO2 capture lies in scaling up the process. Because this involves the use of photo bioreactors, open ponds, or raceway ponds, scaling is hindered by large surface area requirements, light requirements, low productivity, and contamination possibilities. Closed systems have been proposed to overcome some of these limitations. Recently, chemoautotrophic organisms including Ralstonia eutropha have been exploited for industrial applications due to a natural CO2 fixation pathway (CBB pathway) that works in conjunction with other pathways to sequester CO2 into bioplastics. Furthermore, growth of this organism at scale is simple, and can be genetically engineered. Table . In our curated list of publications, a significant number of the biology-related publications (~1600 out of ~3900) had identifiable terms in the abstract that could be linked to photosynthetic organisms that use the Calvin-Benson-Bassham pathway for CO2 fixation. 70% of these documents were published in the last decade, suggestive of the recent focus on photosynthetic organisms as the biological chassis of choice for CO2-remediation studies (Figure ). The organisms with other natural and synthetic CO2 fixation pathways are yet to be systematically explored for focused CO2-utilization studies.