As mentioned, telomere shortening takes place during aging. It is also related to certain ageassociated diseases, including osteoarthritis, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and atrial fibrillation. It has been reported that aging can be impeded by telomerase overexpression, however, that can stimulate tumorigenesis. Recently, that adverse effect has been eliminated by developing anti-aging strategies based on a telomerase activation, telomerase expression activation, and telomerase gene therapy. Thus, it has been found that an extract of the plant Astragalus membranaceus, TA-65, is a telomerase activator, which can restore telomere length without provoking cancer, and enhance age-related markers, including glucose tolerance, bone health, and skin quality. Further, TERT transcription activator and sex hormones have been reported to be directly engaged in telomerase activation, which avoided telomere shortening and enhanced lifespan. Reactivation of telomerase expression by using a gene therapy strategy has been reported as successful approach for aging delay and lifespan extension of mice without cancer incidence.