where Lk is a Lindblad jump operator that imparts the impact of the environment onto the system with interaction strength Γ k (with a unit of rate or inverse time) and { Â, B} = Â B + B Â represents the anti-commutator. The superoperator L Ĥ [•] is the part of the Liouvillian that describes the Hermitian dynamics of the system governed by ĤS defined as