Powder XRD was performed with a Bruker D2 Phaser XRD using Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5406 Å, 30 kV, 10 mA) between 10° and 70° (2θ) with a step of 0.02°/min. An air-tight Si-based sample holder was used for all measurements. The operando XRD measurements were carried out at beamline P02.1, PETRA-III at DESY (Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron) in Hamburg, Germany, using synchrotron radiation with an energy of ~60 keV (λ=0.20733 Å). The operando cells were designed in-house and assembled in an argon-filled glovebox (H2O and O2 concentrations <5 ppm, provided by beamline). The electrochemical data were collected using a Biologic VMP-3 potentiostat with an EC-Lab software, which version was 11.34. All the cells were rest for 20 min, then charged/discharged at 0.1 C at a voltage range of 2.5-4.4V. The operando XRD data were collected as an ensemble of up to 5 cells simultaneously through the cells with an acquisition time of 1 minute per cell before moving to the next cell using a X-Y stage with a travel range of 350 mm for both directions. The movement of the stages and triggering of the acquisition were controlled by the python3 script. Therefore, for each operando cell a 1-minute measurement was performed every 6 minutes. All the Rietveld refinements of the XRD patterns were performed using GSAS I.