The NMR and MD simulation study suggested a carpet-like mechanism of SAAP-148, consistent with observations that the helical-prone region of LL-37 (the LL-32 peptide) binds to membrane surfaces without forming toroidal pores . Interestingly, the improved activity of SAAP-148 compared to LL-37 was achieved through a serendipitous change in its mechanism of action, illustrating that increasing antimicrobial efficacy does not necessarily follow a linear path.