Peptides 15c and 16c were identified as the leading peptides based on their antimicrobial activity and low cytotoxicity. NMR analysis revealed that their interactions with liposomes mimicking bacterial or mammalian membranes were consistent with the previously described behavior of other short amphiphilic cyclic peptides. Specifically, both peptides interacted effectively with the bacteria-mimicking liposomes while demonstrating minimal binding to the mammalian-mimicking liposomes (Supplementary Figure ).