In order to facilitate a succinct comparison of conventional, sonochemical, and coupled procedures for hydrogen generation, a comprehensive review of prior results is illustrated in Fig. . We standardized all the data by expressing them in uniform units of volume and time. Replacing the usual approach of photocatalysis with methods utilizing ultrasound, as seen in Fig. ). Nonetheless, we continue to interrogate the comparative efficacy of sonolysis and integrated methodologies. The various behaviors illustrated in Fig. (a), (b), and (c) indicate insufficient research in this domain and a superficial understanding of the operational mechanisms of ultrasound, attributed by some authors to the sonochemical process, the mechanical effects of ultrasound , the enhancement of electromagnetic radiation absorption properties , as well as the reduction in catalyst size and the improvement of mass transfer . Isolated analyses of various interpretations within comprehensive experimental research would, in our opinion, yield clearer answers to this topic. The isotype heterojunction of g-C3N4 nanosheets and nanorods was created in a separate study by . This photocatalyst enhances HER performance due to its diverse morphologies (Fig. ). The aim of the study was to determine the optimal conditions for hydrogen production by Ultrasonic radiation can affect the photocatalytic process in a way that promotes the formation of active oxygen agents (H2O2), which is a byproduct of water sonolysis, function as sacrificial agent by absorbing holes produced by light . There is a strong correlation between the H2O2 and H2 creation during sonophotocatalysis, which demonstrates a considerable improvement in hydrogen production . Another possible explanation for this improvement is that the mass transfer barrier is significantly reduced when ultrasonic cavitation combines liquid circulation current with intense turbulence on a micro-scale, homogenizing the medium . In addition, the formation, coalescence, and release of ultrasonic cavitation bubbles at the interfaces between phases enhance mass transfer and accelerate reaction kinetics. Based on these findings, we conclude that sonophotocatalytic HER outperformed both photocatalytic and sonocatalytic processes individually (Fig. ). Building upon existing research in ultrasound-assisted catalytic processes for hydrogen production, which has yielded promising results but still faces several challenges, the development of optimized reactors for sonophotocatalysis is vital to overcoming these limitations. Sonophotocatalysis presents significant opportunities for improving pollutant degradation, enhancing energy efficiency, and advancing hydrogen production from renewable sources such as biomass, water, or waste materials.