PFAS concentration is another important parameter that effects the sustainability. Both groundwater and bottled water were examined under a range of PFOA and PFOS concentrations covering three orders of magnitude (0.7, 7.0, and 70 μg/L) using both GAC Disposal options for spent media primarily impact environmental sustainability and financial viability. For GAC systems, the disposal of activated carbon significantly impacts acidification and ozone depletion. Additionally, incineration of spent media at high temperatures (above 1100°C) results in substantial greenhouse gas emissions and other pollutants, contributing to global warming and degradation of air quality Similarly, for IX systems, disposal of brine and cosolvents containing PFAS can lead to hazardous emissions during incineration, impacting both environmental and social sustainability due to potential health risks. Financially, incineration and other disposal methods incur high operational costs, increasing the overall treatment cost. Maintenance significantly impacts the financial viability of both GAC and IX systems. GAC systems face higher operational costs due to frequent media replacements, despite having lower annual operating and maintenance costs compared to IX systems. IX systems, while having higher initial capital costs, benefit from lower media usage rates and longer operational life, reducing the need for frequent replacements. While the regeneration process adds to IX operational costs, these systems are more cost-effective over time due to reduced maintenance needs. Effective maintenance strategies are essential to optimize the financial viability of both GAC and IX treatment technologies.