Indoor air quality (IAQ) is a critical component of public health, affecting productivity, comfort, and well-being. Poor IAQ can result in significant health impacts such as respiratory diseases, headaches, fatigue, allergies, and cognitive impairment. These issues are exacerbated by the fact that modern humans spend the majority of their time indoors. Indoor air pollution levels are often two to five times higher than outdoor air due to confined spaces and sources like furniture, electronics, and human emissions .