The bioink was applied to each PDMS stamp within the 'L' shape of the two landmark regions at 5µL volume per droplet, applied manually via pipette. The droplets incubated for 2mins to allow for the bioink to be absorbed into the PDMS pillar shapes, before removal with pipette, Kim-wipe or centrifugal force. The excess bioink was air dried in which during optimization and air-drying times were assessed at different controlled humidity environments. After air drying, the stamp was flipped and placed on the functionalized PMMA substrate, and a weight was manually applied to facilitate physical transfer of the bioink from the PDMS stamp to the PMMA substrate. After 1min of weight application, the weight and stamp were removed, and the PMMA substrates incubated in a controlled ~100% relative humidity environment for 1-hour. Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) using TPFS was then performed for 15mins to allow for fluorosilanization of the printed PMMA substrates. Wells were created on the substrates using a 16-well superstructure assembly, whereby PFPP lubricant was applied, and three consecutive 10min washes were conducted, in controlled relative humidity of ~100%.