For most DAC technologies, 'plant data' is unavailable, presenting a major obstacle to cost and energy use reduction efforts. For the technologies where 'plant data' does exist, future cost ranges of USD100-300/tCO 2 seem attainable, especially due to expected technological learning from continuous DAC deployment, penetration of low-carbon energy sources, and ongoing electrification of energy systems. Nevertheless, this cost range is a highly ambitious target requiring significant technology advancement and is necessary to keep required future DAC investment below $1 trillion.