between 1980 and 2022 (data dump on 27th July 2023), which led to 17,621,956 substances. To complete the bibliographic information associated with the publications reporting these substances, we retrieved information from Dimensions and OpenAlex (bibliographic databases). By using the DOI of each publication, when available from Reaxys ® , we pulled the available bibliographic data from the bibliographic databases. When DOIs were not available in Reaxys ® , a combination of the bibliographic information on Reaxys ® about authors, publication titles, years, pages and ISSNs, was used as the key to pull data from the bibliographic databases. As Reaxys ® data match with bibliographic information was over 80% for the period 1996-2022 (Figure ), this was the selected period for the current study, which involves 15,725,488 chemicals with author's affiliation countries. In case of an author having multiple affiliations, for the sake of simplicity only the first affiliation was selected. Reaxys ® data used in this work is property of RELX Intellectual Properties SA. The code supporting all calculations is available at GitHub and the processed data with the participation of each country in the CS is provided in the SI.