Cancer cells within the tumor microenvironment achieve metabolic reprogramming by concerted contributions from cellular and non-cellular factors . Indeed, the requirements of cancer cells are met through various metabolic networking including glucose metabolism and distinctive metabolic products including lactate . Given Warburg's effects on cancer cells, the production of lactate is suggested as a waste product. Currently, there is an emergence of understanding that cancer cells may export metabolic waste lactate to fuel the growth and metastasis by supporting various intracellular metabolic and non-metabolic epigenetic regulations of cancer-supporting cells such as macrophages within the tumor microenvironment .