Another class of techniques that can be used to quantify the absolute and relative amounts of organic and inorganic INSs in atmospheric samples involves treating atmospheric samples with H2O2, heat, or (NH4)2SO4 and observing the change in ice nucleating efficiency due to the treatment. H2O2 treatment is used to remove organic material. H2O2 can be used to quantify organic and inorganic INSs in atmospheric samples by measuring the concentration of INSs before and after H2O2 treatment with standard freezing assays . Heat treatment has been used to denature heat-active proteins (a type of organic INSs). Heat treatment can be used to quantify protein INSs in atmospheric samples by measuring the concentration of INSs before and after heat treatment . (NH4)2SO4 treatment is used to enhance the freezing properties of mineral dust (a type of inorganic INSs) . The presence of mineral dust INSs can be detected in atmospheric samples by measuring the concentration of INSs before and after treatment with (NH4)2SO4 via a standard freezing assay ). However, H2O2, heat, and (NH4)2SO4 treatments are susceptible to overestimating or underestimating the contributions of INSs of interest as the treatments may affect INSs in the sample other than the target INSs or may not affect all of the target INSs . For the aforementioned reasons, additional techniques are needed to better detect and quantify organic and inorganic INSs.