The details of the electrochemical microfluidic device fabrication were presented previously . Briefly, the microfluidic pattern was created using AutoCAD software. Next, transparency PET film (Xerox) and double-sided adhesive tape (DSA, 467MP, 3M) were lasercut using a laser cutting method (Laser engraver GCC LaserPro, C180II) to create the flow channels, which were then integrated in a sandwich-layer configuration. The fast-flow channel had a height of 350 μm, while the delayed channel had a height of 200 μm.