Hydrometallurgy is the recovery of Cu from ores, concentrates, and scrap materials using aqueous solutions (also known as leach solution). Hydrometallurgical processes fundamentally consist of three major stages. The first stage, known as leaching, is undertaken to transfer Cu from the PCB into the leach solution. The second stage, known as concentration, is aimed at the reduction of the amount of leach solution thereby increasing the concentration of Cu. The third stage, known as recovery is carried out to separate the Cu from the leach solution .