Extraction and preparation of drug material. MDMB-4en-PINACA was extracted into ethanol from UK prison-seized crystal material of ~81% purity. MDMB-CHMICA was extracted into ethanol from pure crystal. Etonitazene and metonitazene were prepared in house and confirmed as >95% pure (below). THC and CBD were purchased as standards. Highly pure (>80%) THC vape pens used in device validation were obtained from police seizures. Seized refill bottles of SC-containing e-liquid were obtained from police seizures.