SEM and EDX analysis were performed to determine the surface morphological characteristics and the chemical compositions of the electrodes, respectively. Fig. depicts the SEM and EDX images of the surface of the electrode at bare Au (Fig. and) and at different modifications of the electrode (Fig. ). The SEM image of the unmodified Au electrode exhibits a flat morphology with some ridges and pits (Fig. ). The image of the Pt-B modified electrode (Fig. ) shows well-dispersed platinum clusters with an enhanced surface area of about 500 nm larger than the bare Au electrode. The subsequent SEM images at higher magnifications of the Pt-B/o-PD/β-CD and Pt-B/o-PD/β-CD/GOx surface modified electrodes are presented in Fig. and. In the case of these modified electrodes, no discernible differences were evident, prompting the need for an EDX analysis. Fig. shows the EDX spectrum of gold (Au) and silicon (Si) in bare Au electrode while in Fig. illustrates the spectrum of platinum (Pt) in Pt-B modified electrode, confirming the predominant presence of Pt as the element of highest percentage weight. At the Pt-B/o-PD/β-CD and Pt-B/o-PD/β-CD/GOx surface modified electrodes, additional elements appearing in the EDX spectra (Fig. and) are carbon (C) and oxygen (O), attributed to the incorporation of o-PD and β-CD. In Fig. , the quantities of C and O are significantly increased, indicating the successful immobilization of GOx on the electrode surface. This observation provides clear evidence of GOx presence on the sensor's electrode. More detailed analysis of the EDX are presented in Fig. and Table .