Perhaps one of the most promising areas is the production of pharmaceutical compounds and vaccines in plants. This approach, often termed "molecular farming," offers several advantages, including lower production costs, ease of scalability, and reduced risk of contamination with human pathogens. Metabolic engineering has enabled the production of various therapeutic proteins, antibodies, and vaccine antigens in plants . Notable examples include the production of anti-cancer antibodies in tobacco and the development of plant-made vaccines against infectious diseases. The ability to produce complex pharmaceutical compounds in plants not only offers a novel production platform but also has the potential to improve global access to important medicines and vaccines. These diverse applications of plant metabolic engineering for the production of valuable metabolites highlight the versatility and potential of plants as biofactories. As our understanding of plant metabolism deepens and engineering techniques become more sophisticated, the range of compounds that can be produced in plants is likely to expand, offering new opportunities for sustainable production of valuable materials.