where the parameters 𝜔 contained in the embedding network and fitting network are obtained by the training process using the Adam stochastic gradient method. |b| denotes the batch size, and 𝑙 denotes the index of the training data. 𝑝 ' and 𝑝 ! are tunable prefactors with 𝑝 ' the set to 0.01 eV -2 and the 𝑝 ! decays from 1000 Å 2 eV -2 to 1 Å 2 eV -2 .