Retrosynthesis algorithms should place a significant emphasis on preventing the generation of duplicate reaction predictions. Much like the case with invalid SMILES, having duplicate reactions reduces the effective number of predictions generated by the framework. Equation 8 introduces a novel diversity metric, which is scaled between 0 and 1. A score of 0 signifies that all the predictions are essentially identical duplicates of each other. The variable z idv signifies the count of distinct predictions for a given target, while k represents the total number of predictions. If z idv = k, there are no duplicates and the duplicate metric will be set to 1. In all other cases, the duplicate metric is calculated as follows: