Here, 𝑆 =1 represents perfectly spherical particles, with a decreasing shape factor value representing less spherical particles. It can be inferred from the shape factor distribution shown in Figure (h) that sulfur particles significantly deviate from being perfectly spherical, with an average shape factor of 0.81. However, as shown by Cao et al. who conducted a CFD-DNS analysis of differently shaped particles with an identical surface area, dissolution rates can vary significantly with varying shape factor, emphasising the need to include particle shape analysis in Li-S battery modelling and ideally to include realistic sulfur particle geometries from X-ray CT data in the modelling studies . Previous Li-S battery modelling studies used the Bruggeman correlation to represent the effective transport parameters in the C/S electrode. However, the derivation of the Bruggeman correlation is based on a perfect sphericity assumption; the current results emphasise the use of an image-based modelling approach to examine the suitability of using the empirical approaches . Figure (i) displays microscopic sulfur particle size distribution using equivalent diameter; 90% of the sulfur particles were smaller than 12 µm in diameter and the average particle diameter observed was ca 7.5 µm. Figure (j) shows the changes in volume fraction of individual phases across the electrode thickness. Collectively, Figure highlights the microstructural heterogeneities present in the C/S electrodes which should be considered while evaluating current electrodes, battery modelling studies, and, importantly, when designing new electrodes.