Before CST can be processed into value-added products it must be desulphurised, as its sulphurous compounds may otherwise cause numerous downstream issues including catalyst poisoning, malodour, and sulphur dioxide formation upon combustion. Generally, desulphurisation to less than 5 ppm sulphur content is desirable, and common desulphurisation methods include distillation (industrially prevalent), oxidation, and extraction. The isolated sulphur compounds, including oxidation products such as sulfonyl chlorides, thiosulfonates and dimethyl sulfoxide, may be sold to other industries for various applications. At many pulp mills, desulphurised turpentine is simply burnt for energy recovery as an effective way of treating turpentine bio-waste while reducing fuel costs of running the Kraft process. However, turpentine is also a frequently employed renewable feedstock material. Without further separation, turpentine is mainly used to solvate and reclaim rubber, as solvent in paints and varnishes or in other chemical solvent applications. Unseparated turpentine can also be used as a fuel additive to improve engine performance, or to produce motor and aviation bio-fuels via terpene hydrogenation. Separation of turpentine into its individual monoterpene fractions yields significant portions of purified α-pinene and β-pinene. This separation is generally done through ordinary or vacuum distillation which, due to proximity in terpene boiling points, is rather energy intensive. While β-pinene shows higher reactivity than the more abundant α-isomer due to the presence of the exocyclic double bond, both pinenes can be interconverted through catalytic isomerisation. The obtained monoterpene fractions are commonly used starting materials for chemical synthesis, including the production of fragrances, 29 flavorings 30 and polyterpene resins. 14 α-Pinene is mainly used for the synthesis of pine oil (α-terpineol), but is also employed to prepare menthol, isoborneol and camphor. β-Pinene is a common precursor for commercially produced fragrances as it can be pyrolyzed to β-myrcene from which geraniol, nerol, or linalool can be derived. Medicinal applications of turpentine and its derivates include the production of liniments from turpentine oil and the use of αterpineol as anti-septic, however, the potential that terpenoids hold as feedstocks for the synthesis of small molecule pharmaceuticals is still rather unexplored.