Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) 95% P.A. from Synth ® was used as the calcium source. Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) 85% P.A. served as the phosphorus source, and ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) 30% P.A. was used as a pH stabilizer; both were purchased from Alphatec ® . Artemisinin 98% P.A. was acquired from Sigma-Aldrich ® Brazil. Absolute ethyl alcohol (CH3CH2OH) 99.5% was obtained from NEON ® , and PBS buffer solution pH 7.4 1x was sourced from Nova Biotecnologia. Euclea natalensis was sourced from Maputo, Mozambique. Its identity was confirmed by Suzana Macuvele, a biologist at the Natural History Museum (UEM) in Mozambique.