Microfluidic manufacturing of NPs has also embraced increasing levels of automation. As its name suggests, microfluidics concerns the manipulation and study of fluids at the nano-and microscopic scale . Compared to bulk preparation methods, microfluidics offers a high degree of tunability through specific chip designs, as well as modifying the flow rates and ratios of solutions used for NP production. This allows for immense control over the physicochemical properties of particle-based drug delivery systems, including the size, surface charge, and encapsulation efficiency . Importantly, microfluidic manufacturing of NPs can be used for screening formulations and scaling up manufacturing, depending on the rate of production (i.e., µg min -1 vs. mg min -1 ) . Overall, the process control of microfluidic systems renders them well-positioned for automation, particularly at the laboratory scale .