10 wt.% NaOH solution is used as the neutralization agent in the CNC production process. A pipe mixer is employed to achieve the neutralization and a pH monitor can be set up to ensure . This is because spray drying can deliver controllable CNC particle size, is relatively low in capital cost, is a scalable technology, and works in a continuous mode . The largest CNC manufacturer, CelluForce Inc., also employs spray drying for its CNC products . The input energy is required to increase temperature of water to drying temperature, and then the phase transition from water to steam.