DNA holds all of the genetic information required for development and survival for every living species and therefore is crucially important to protect from damage. Unfortunately, DNA is constantly exposed to harmful sources such as radiation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and other chemical agents. In response, our cells have developed efficient mechanisms for recognizing and repairing various DNA defects. These mechanisms are of prime significance as damage to the genome can lead to the development of diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders and cancer.