At the same time, the respective oxide must be stable under this condition and not decompose into other phases. Here, we include the consideration of a stability threshold X as defined above. For any given temperature, the chemical potential ∆µ O can be translated into the corresponding partial pressure pO 2 (or vice versa) using the ideal gas law. Note that many "stoichiometric oxides" do not accommodate high levels of defect concentrations, but instead prefer to form a more reduced, ordered phase with lower O content. In this case, there may not be any (pO 2 , T ) conditions for the target [V O ].