While CREST gas-phase ensembles perform acceptably compared to ETKDG on the small molecule COD set, the time required for the calculations is large, as illustrated in Figure . The median runtime across the COD set is one hour and increases as n with n as the number of atoms, as both the semiempirical GFN2 geometry optimizations increase in time, and larger molecules generally yield more conformers (e.g., Figure ). Consequently, the approach discussed below is to use a database of CREST ensembles to derive torsional preferences suitable for developing faster conformational search tools.