Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are growth factors belonging to the transforming growth factors-beta superfamily. Over 15 BMPs have been identified in mammals and play important roles in tissue homeostasis, cell differentiation and cell reprogramming, in a wide range of different cell types (bone, cartilage, endothelium…) . Bone morphogenetic protein 2 has been identified in the 1970s as an essential molecule for de novo bone formation in adult animals . Owing to its osteogenic potential, the clinical use of recombinant human BMP2 has been approved in 2002 by the Food and Drug Administration and validated by the European Medicines Agencies.