The potential difference between the cathode (Pt) and the anode (IrOx) arises from the water splitting overpotentials of hydrogen evolution in the cathode compartment and oxygen evolution in the anode compartment, which was caused by ohmic resistance at these high currents. The potential change (Figure ) shows a gradual decrease with time, most likely due to an increase in the conductivity of the solutions as the electrodialysis process progressed, primarily driven by the increase in LiOH concentration, which was indicated by the reduction of the overpotential at the Pt counter electrode (Figure ). From the measured potential profiles, applied current, electrodialysis time and amount of LiOH produced, energy consumption and current efficiencies were calculated and the results are summarised in Figure . Among the three candidate membranes tested, the P(LiMTFSI-IBMA)-10%