Analysing the performance along the 21 TF predictions, we calculate the R 2 score between the RDF curves of the DL-DEM approach against the target DEM ones, for Test I (Figure ) and hyperparameters. For porosity and tortuosity factor errors we have a similar behavior than in Figure , with a higher value for 𝑛 𝐷𝐸𝑀 = 0 steps (pure DL prediction) than the ones including 𝑛 𝐷𝐸𝑀 steps (DL-DEM coupled prediction). In all cases we have a good decrease in the percentage error when the 𝑛 𝐷𝐸𝑀 hyperparameter increases. These good extrapolation results are obtained thanks to considering a physical aid in the model that allows better extrapolations where the model was not trained on. Having obtained these results we can conclude that the coupling of DL with DEM steps improves the accuracy of the purely DL model. In terms of the computational cost, we can compare the wall-time per TF consumed for each case. All the computation has been done using