Approximately 50% of known enzyme reactions require cofactors, the most popular being nicotinamide cofactors, which can be prohibitively expensive and unstable outside of cells. Pathways can be designed to recycle these redox cofactors, and sacrificial substrates can be included where this is not possible, allowing for their inclusion in catalytic rather than stoichiometric quantities, but this is not always enough to offset costs and make enzymatic syntheses economical. As a result, the development and implementation of synthetic nicotinamide cofactor biomimetics (NCBs) is an active area of research that aims to facilitate CFB in industrial settings and at scale.