For BBA the single objective optimization of t 2 and VAMP2 eq (2) increased t 2 by 128 % and 135 % respectively. However, these models have not optimized the same relaxation process as the incumbent from the randomly sampled hyperparameters, model 1. The t 2 optimized MSM, model 5 (see Table and section S2.9), denotes a transition between two misfolded structures (see Figure (f). This is perhaps surprising given that the main difference between the two model specifications is that change in the logistic transform (see Figure for the difference between model 1 and model 5's logistic transform). In contrast the VAMP2 eq (2) optimized model shows a similar transition to models 1 and 2 (see Figure ). Both the dual objective optimization runs did not improve t 2 significantly, although, in the case of optimization of t 2 with t 2 /t 3 , the gap increased significantly (see Figure (b)).