which describes the fluorescence anisotropy (𝑟) of a random ensemble of non-ideal dipole emitters in terms of the intrinsic dipole character (𝛽) of individual emitters. The dipole character of NRs or NR bundles in the samples studied above can be calculated by substituting experimentally measured ensemble anisotropy values in Equation . Then, the correlation between ∆𝐴 𝐴 ! ⁄ and 𝜅 (Equation ) is used to determine the degree of order in each sample studied in terms of the average deviation angle (𝜃 ̅ ). Table summarizes the limiting relative change in absorbance, ensemble anisotropy and degree of alignment for each sample. For NR concentrations above 0.5 µM, we have also included estimates of the average deviation angles by inputting the extrapolated ensemble anisotropy data (dashed trace in Figure ). We also report the statistical standard deviation (SD) of the fitted and extrapolated deviation angles.