The hidden impact of imposed carbon prices on other various environmental metrics (including land use, marine eutrophication, and fossil resource scarcity) for plastic production was also studied, see Figure . We found that, while carbon pricing reduces total GHG emissions, this also causes negative effects on the environment. Specificically, we note that a transition into biomass pathways will cause greater land use and serious marine eutrophication. This can be explained by the larger quantity of biomass needed to produce the plastics, which requires larger agricultural land and fertilizers for crop cultivation. For instance, as the carbon price rises to $105 per tonne of CO 2 eq, the corn stover used for benzene and p-xylene would require 52,978 square kilometer of land, which is approximately 1.3% of all the agricultural land of United States. At the same time, this would worsen the eutrophication problem in the marine environment, making additional 120,288 tonne of nitrogenequivalent fertilizer leak to waterbodies. Further increase on the carbon price to $450 per tonne of CO 2 eq would induce the adoption of sugarcane for propylene production, resulting in 84,580 square kilometer of land use and 68,412 tonne nitrogen-equivalent of marine eutrophication. The biomass feedstocks used in the process contributes to the major part of marine eutrophication problem.