The advantage of DNA condensates is the high permeability of molecules due to the absence of membranes. Thus, the influence of coating and armoring on the molecular permeability of DNA condensates will interest us. We then evaluated the molecular permeability using molecules with different sizes: Rhodamine B (tetraethylrhodamine; 479 Da, ~1 nm in diameter) (Figures ) and Cy3-labeled 23-nt ssDNA (Cy3-ssDNA; 8291 Da, ~14.5 nm in chain length, (6.4±1.5) nm in hydrodynamic diameter measured by dynamic light scattering (Supplementary Note S2)) (Figures ). The CLSM images in Figures show Rhodamine B had similar permeability regardless of whether the non-coated, coated, or armored DNA condensates. We quantified the molecular permeability of a DNA condensate by calculating the ratio of the internal intensity to the surrounding intensity (I internal /I surrounding ) (Figure ). All three plots showed that I internal /I surrounding was distributed around 1.2, indicating that Rhodamine B was permeable in all conditions.