The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway has been identified as significant participant of cellular metabolism that associates nutrient sensing with critical cellular processes that energize cell growth and proliferation. 393 mTOR belongs to a family of phosphatidylinositol kinaserelated kinases, which are known to mediate cellular responses to stress factors such as DNA impairment and nutrient deficiency. In model studies on organisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Drosophila melanogaster, mTOR has been identified as a negative regulator of life span. The mTOR is involved in various distinctive aging pathways, such as nutrient sensing deregulation, proteostasis loss, autophagy impairment, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, and stem cell function decline. It has been reported able to manipulate gut microbiota and its metabolites. One of the foremost pharmacological actions prolonging life span in certain model organisms is rapamycin. Rapamycin is a natural product isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus, which exhibits antifungal, immunosuppressant, and antitumor proprieties, mediated by the inhibition of its target, the mammalian (mechanistic) target of rapamycin (mTOR). Consistent with its central role in cellular metabolism, in synchronizing protein synthesis, energy metabolism, and autophagy, mTOR has been identified as an attractive target to ameliorate age-related pathologies. Inhibition of the mTOR pathway has profound effects on longevity and age-associated phenotypes across a wide variety of organisms. However, the inherent mechanisms are still largely unclear and extensive research is still needed to fill many deficiencies in the available knowledge related to the mTOR function in the context of aging.