The measured cell voltage under direct current conditions is given by: (34) 𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅 Ω + 𝜂(𝐼) Fig. shows, in various representations of the data, how the ohmic resistance of the cell affects the measured cell polarization and resistance. Even a small ohmic resistance of 1 Ω cm 2 can have a significant impact on the current versus voltage relation at high current densities, resulting in the appearance of "deformed Tafel plots", which have sometimes been observed in the literature (Fig. ) . When 𝑅 𝛺 ≫ 𝑅 𝑐𝑡 0 , the BV kinetics become completely obscured and the voltage versus current relation becomes essentially ohmic. At very high current densities, as the value of Rct approaches zero, the cell resistance plateaus at the value of RΩ (Fig. ). Regardless of the cell design or electrochemical technique, it is unavoidable that appreciable ohmic resistance will be included in the measurement. From these observations, it can be concluded that minimizing the ohmic resistance of the cell is critically important for obtaining accurate kinetic measurements at high current densities. Furthermore, ohmic resistance must always be quantitatively accounted for in the methods for data analysis. Ideally, RΩ should be precisely measured, for example by PEIS, to allow for quantitative IR correction. If this is not feasible, then Eqs. 32-34 can also be used to fit the value of RΩ as an independent parameter; however, we have found that the accuracy of this approach is limited except when 𝑅 𝑐𝑡 0 ≫ 𝑅 𝛺 .