Additionally, a perovskite absorber material can exhibit different eta (%) under different conditions with different HTM and ETM. It is also clear from the table that there are mainly two types of absorber materials available. They are Pb-based absorber materials and other cation-based absorber materials. However, Pb induces toxicity that harms the human body and the environment, obstructing its commercialization . Determining highly efficient cell structures with inexpensive material is another key aspect of the study. The importance of cost-effective cell structure can be realized by the cell structure and their relative cost represented in Table . The price of each material is taken from Sigma Aldrich Table indicates that the cells are either expensive or not optimized. The cells are costly either for the high cost of HTM and ETM or the high cost of back contact materials. Hence, it is necessary to choose low-cost HTM, ETM, and back contact materials initially to simulate cost-effective and efficient perovskite solar cells. As simulation can reveal the output characteristics of the cell and is effective for designing and fabricating perovskite solar cells, it is necessary to choose low-cost HTM, ETM, and back contact to develop low-cost and highly efficient perovskite solar cells.