It is being evaluated for use in HER2-positive gastric cancer. Lapatinib inhibits the kinase activity of HER2, preventing activation of downstream signaling pathways. Combining HER2-targeted therapies with ICIs is an area of active research. ICIs like pembrolizumab (Keytruda) and nivolumab (Opdivo) are being evaluated in combination with trastuzumab and chemotherapy. HER2-targeted therapies can enhance antigen presentation and promote immune cell infiltration into tumors, potentially improving the efficacy of ICIs. • CD19 | B-cell lymphoma CD19 is a protein expressed on the surface of B cells, including malignant B cells in various types of B-cell lymphomas. It plays a crucial role in B cell development, activation, and differentiation. CD19 has become a significant target in immuno-oncology, particularly for therapies designed to treat B-cell lymphomas. CD19 is uniformly expressed across all stages of B cell development, making it an ideal target for therapies aimed at eliminating B-cell malignancies. CD19 is involved in the B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway, which is essential for B-cell activation and proliferation. Targeting CD19 disrupts this pathway, leading to the death of malignant B cells. CD19 is expressed in the vast majority of B-cell lymphomas, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). CD19 has become the primary target for chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies, which have shown remarkable efficacy in treating relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphomas. CAR-T cell therapy: