Biocatalysts, such as carbonic anhydrase and RuBisCO (ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase), represent a novel approach for CO₂ fixation and polymerization. Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of CO₂ and bicarbonate, and it has been explored for its potential to promote CO₂ incorporation into organic molecules. RuBisCO, a key enzyme in the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis, has been used for CO₂ fixation in biopolymer synthesis, offering the advantage of high specificity for CO₂. While biocatalysts are highly selective and environmentally friendly, their use in industrial polymer synthesis is limited by factors such as enzyme stability, reaction conditions, and the need for optimization to improve their efficiency and scalability .