Target Sensing Protocol. Prior to target sensing, initial measurements were conducted in 0.01×PBS for 0.5 h. The measurement buffer solution was then swapped with the target solution and incubated at room temperature for 0.5 h. The device remained floating during the incubation step. Following incubation, the device was rinsed with 0.01×PBS to remove unbound protein. The electrical measurements were then carried out in the measurement buffer solution for 0.5 h. This process was repeated until the target concentration reached a certain value. The response of a blank sample, that is, a target concentration of 0 nM, was measured several times to confirm that the response to the solution exchange process was smaller than that to the target signals.