As a result, caffeine has been found in waterways around the world, especially in the United States of America and Switzerland. The maximum concentrations of caffeine in raw wastewater, treated wastewater, river, drinking water, groundwater, lake, catchment, reservoir, and rainwater samples were reported to be 3.60 mg/L, 55.5, 19.3, 3.39, 0.683, 174, 44.6, 4.87, and 5.40 μg/L, respectively . Experiments have shown that the caffeine in the waterways had negative impacts on marine life (such as in algae, clams, and mussels) such as effects that lead to lower reproduction and growth rates. Eutrophication may also be triggered when caffeine ends up in waterways causing oxygen to decrease which ultimately impacts marine life . Though, more research is needed to prove if lab experimentation on some species of fish can be applied to the actual ocean environment with much different wildlife .