Expanding on other modeling tools beyond discrete methods, we can find the use of techniques to model the phenomena happening at the continuum space. In this regard, we highlight the use of electrochemical PBMs, as mathematical representations of the inner workings of a battery that consider both physical and chemical phenomena. The first works of PBMs applied for battery materials dates back to 1962, when the current distribution in porous electrodes was studied by Newman and Tobias , later referred to also as "Doyle-Fuller-Newman" (DFN) models, making reference to the authors .