This approach helps to study the stability and distribution of metal-ligand complexes and better understand their behavior in different environmental conditions. Figure -h model simulates the behavior of metal-ligand complexes in a realistic system using the nutrient solution described by Suzuki et al. . In details, the concentrations used are 0.5 mM MgSO4, 0.5 μM MnSO4, 0.2 μM CuSO4, 0.5 μM ZnSO4, and 0.1 mM Fe-EDTA. This approach helps to simulate the behavior of PDMA in soil solution where the concentration of the metal ions can vary based on soil parent material, soil texture and anthropogenic activities. For the last two models the ionic strength of 0.1M, corresponding to moderate salinity, was used to simulate the ionic strength of soil solution after soil fertilization. The details used for the model are present in SI Table . HySS model was also run to validate the PHREEQC results.