Analogously to the current pulses, we target an exact solution for the potential shift by resolving the current constraints. Voltage pulses have an advantage over current pulses in phase-separating materials, since most voltages chosen are outside the voltage corresponding to the miscibility gap in phase separating materials. In addition, the non-coupled behavior of voltage control avoids particle-by-particle and other population effects seen in current pulses , since all particles are connected to the bath. To streamline our analysis, new notation (such as the fitness variable W ) is introduced.