Although at first glance, epitopes may be treated similarly to modulators, the specificity of their search is quite different. It takes into account not only the process of binding to the TLR but also the stability and specificity of the epitope. Research on epitopes has the potential to reveal the mechanism of action of TLRs and their specificity to a greater extent. In the near future, this type of research can contribute to a much better understanding of the functioning of our immune system and the recognition of threats. We also anticipate that the contribution of AI-based methods will allow for a better understanding of the signalling pathways and their interrelations.