Stem cell-based therapies in ART offer potential advantages like improving ovarian reserve function, stimulating follicle development, repairing damaged reproductive tissues, and potentially generating new germ cells, potentially providing hope for individuals struggling with infertility due to conditions like premature ovarian failure or low sperm count, by leveraging the unique ability of stem cells to proliferate and differentiate into specialized cell types. They represent a cutting-edge approach to address infertility and enhance reproductive health. These therapies leverage the regenerative potential of stem cells to create gametes, repair reproductive tissues, and improve ART outcomes. Gene therapies in ART offer the potential to prevent genetic diseases in future generations by allowing for the identification and correction of genetic mutations in embryos, potentially leading to healthier babies with a reduced risk of inheriting genetic disorders, while also providing more options for couples facing infertility due to genetic issues; however, ethical concerns and the need for further research remain significant challenges. Although in early stages, gene editing is being explored to address infertility caused by genetic mutations. This could also potentially correct genetic issues in embryos before implantation. Currently, gene editing in humans, particularly germline editing (which affects eggs, sperm, or embryos and can be passed on to future generations), is heavily restricted or banned in many countries due to ethical, safety, and societal concerns. Indeed, changes made to germline cells are heritable, meaning they affect future generations. This raises ethical questions about consent, as future generations cannot consent to these modifications. There are fears that gene editing could be used for non-therapeutic enhancements (e.g., selecting for intelligence, appearance, or athletic ability), leading to societal inequality and eugenics-like practices. Also, some groups argue that altering human DNA is "playing God" or interferes with natural processes. There are also safety concerns that current gene-editing technologies, like CRISPR-Cas9, are not 100% precise and can cause unintended mutations, which could lead to cancer or other health issues. Editing one gene could have unforeseen effects on other genes or biological processes, potentially causing harm. Furthermore, there is no global agreement on how gene editing should be regulated, leading to a patchwork of laws and guidelines. Access to gene-editing technologies could exacerbate existing inequalities, with only wealthy individuals or countries benefiting.