Much of the technology needed to collect measurements used to quantify field-specific feedstock CIs is well developed. The cost of deploying the technology could be an impediment, however. For example, an eddy-covariance flux tower used to collect carbon flux data associated with biomass growth costs approximately $100,000 to install and operate. If technology used to perform field-specific LCA technology is implemented, however, it seems likely that deployment costs could be recovered relatively quickly (i.e., assuming that current fuel price differentials highlighted in Figure are negated by improved CI quantification and fuels are sold for higher prices). Further, rather than intensive monitoring on every field, a system-of-systems approach that combines in-field measurements, biogeochemical modeling, and big data analytics could enable better and more cost effective quantification of field-level carbon outcomes; 14 however, further financial investment is needed to continue to develop and prototype MMRV technologies.