S9), in good agreement with the product information. Assuming Gx-DiMan bound lectins are fully quenched (indeed, QEs as high as 99.97% were reported for GNP quenched fluorophores), then the QE here represents the percentage of added lectins that are bound to Gx-DiMan. Therefore, QE is positively correlated to the MLGI affinity between Gx-DiMan and DC-SIGN/R (i.e. the higher the affinity, the higher the QE). The resulting QE vs. pH plots for DC-SIGN/R binding with Gx-DiMan were shown in Fig. .