The effect of OEEFs was studied using the "Field = M ± N" keyword, which defines the OEEF axis, direction, and magnitude in Gaussian16. A range of field strengths (F z ) was explored, ranging from F z = -0.30 V Å -1 to F z = +0.30 V Å -1 , with intervals of 0.10 V Å -1 . This range covers the full range of electric field strength estimates in microdroplets in the literature. It should also be mentioned here that in the Gaussian16 software, the positive direction of OEEF is defined from the negative to the positive charge which is opposite to the conventional definition in physics. We primarily applied the electric fields along the dipole moment, µ, of the individual species (labeled the Z-axis of the system), since OEEFs have a "tweezer" effect on molecules in solution and/or in the gas phase (i.e., molecules reorient in the direction that maximally stabilizes their dipole moment). As such, this orientation can be expected to be the most prevalent one taken on by the considered molecular systems under the influence of a uniform field. In Figure , a schematic overview of the adopted field, dipole, and z-axis definition is provided.