Where Δ𝐸 is the change in computed electronic energy, 𝜇 is the electron chemical potential set by the applied bias, Δ𝑁 is the change in the number of electrons, 𝑇 is the temperature (298 K here), and Δ𝑆 is the change in entropy. Note that Δ𝑁 can be a non-integer. All degrees of freedom for adsorbed molecules were considered to be vibrational, similar to previous studies. The change in entropy for adsorption/desorption processes was calculated using gas phase molecular references from NIST. The change in vibrational entropy upon adsorption/desorption was 0.10 eV on Ru(111), which is below the significance threshold for Gmax recommended by Exner. Because of the small change in vibrational entropy, the change in entropy is modeled in this work as a loss of translational and rotational entropy for adsorption/desorption processes only, which is on the order of 0.5 eV and cannot be considered insignificant. Some surfaces dissociated intermediate states favorably during optimization. To ensure that dissociated state energetics weren't being influenced by self-interaction, a Cr(110) supercell was modeled with the