When the fragments shift from the d-position to the m-position, the attractive interactions disappear across all ligand systems (Figures ). Therefore, only slight adjustments in fragment position are required to prevent attractive interparticle interactions from turning repulsive. For example, shifting the fragments of dDB and dBR ligands by one carbon position toward the head group (d1DB and d1BR) changes interparticle interactions from attractive to weakly attractive or repulsive (Fig. ). In contrast, for dNR ligands, a twocarbon shift (NR) is needed to produce purely repulsive interparticle interactions (Figure ).