Molecular organization in the apolar nematic (a) and ferroelectric nematic (b) phases; arrows represent molecular electric dipole moments and are coloured according to the polar order parameter <P1> which takes a value of 0.06 in (a) and 0.89 in (b), while <P2> is ~ 0.65 in both cases. (c) The molecular structures and transition temperatures (°C) of the three of the archetypal ferroelectric nematogens: RM734 , DIO , and UUQU-4-N .