methods can be identified via the citation graph in Figure , although it is not uncommon for a study to cite more methods than it compares against. If we focus only on papers reporting results using the nine-species benchmark described in the DeepNovo paper, then we can create a smaller graph in which an edge indicates that one method outperforms the other on this benchmark dataset (Figure ). The field would clearly benefit from a systematic benchmarking study in which all models are trained on the same data and evaluated on independent test data with clearly defined metrics.