The evaluation of cytotoxicity is a pivotal step in materials development, ensuring their safe and effective application in medical and biomedical contexts. Cytotoxicity assessment was conducted following ISO 10993-5 guidelines, involving indirect contact of tubular hierarchical structure extracts with cells. The cytotoxicity of PBS-DLS copolymers alone, with varying segmental compositions, had previously demonstrated promising and excellent biocompatibility with L929 fibroblast cells . However, following the fabrication of the tubular structure in three distinct layers, involving processes like electrospinning and 3D printing, and the incorporation of additional materials such as CNC and gelatin, the copolymers underwent significant alterations. Therefore, the evaluation of cytotoxicity after these alterations becomes necessary. However, while this study has unveiled promising aspects of multilayered scaffolds, further research is imperative. Another promising direction might be the development of novel tubular structures with diameters even below 2.5 mm or aspiring to achieve lower thrombosis and restenosis risk than currently used stents in vessels with diameters 2,5-6 mm (3), . According to Liu et al., after overcoming technical difficulties, even 2.0 mm stents might be a feasible option for patients with critical lesions in coronary arteries . Deeper investigations beyond cytotoxicity, using endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in dynamic cell culture, encompassing hemocompatibility and long-term degradation studies, are recommended.