The interaction of lyotropic liquid crystal nanoparticles (LCNPs) such as cubosomes with surfaces has been extensively studied. Of particular interest are their interactions with lipid membrane interfaces, where insight has previously been provided using solidsupported lipid bilayers. These studies suggest a strong and rapid attraction between LCNPs and supported DOPC lipid bilayers on silica. Once sufficient LCNPs incorporate into the supported bilayer, this leads to destabilisation of its structure and a net release of material from the bilayer; QCM-D revealed the lipid surface becomes viscoelastic with a large change in dissipation following addition of LCNPs. Moreover, a significant lipid exchange between the hydrogenated monoolein (MO) LCNPs and the deuterated DOPC lipid bilayer was confirmed by neutron reflectivity, revealing bidirectional transfer of MO to the supported bilayer and DOPC to the LCNPs. By contrast, the incorporation of LCNPs into supported bilayers was hindered in more organised lipid bilayers in the gel phase, where dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lipids densely pack in an orthorhombic fashion. Complementary small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) results confirmed that LCNPs have a strong interaction with DOPC unilamellar and multilamellar vesicles: large changes in the unit cell dimensions of the LCNPs were observed, eventually resulting in a transition from a cubic to lamellar phase structure once DOPC and MO mix. Insights into the interactions of LCNPs with bilayer membranes have also been gained from cell interaction studies. MO-LCNPs stabilised by either Pluronic F127 or F108 copolymers were observed to alter the lipid distribution and membrane structures of HeLa cells (human cervical carcinoma cells), resulting in lipid droplet accumulation, mitochondrial hyperpolarization and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Furthermore, Dyett et al. observed individual MO-LCNPs interact with the cell membranes of small intestine epithelial cells and STO fibroblasts (Sandos inbred mice (SIM) 6-thioguanineresistant, ouabain-resistant cell line) by docking onto the membrane surface before diffusing into the membrane, suggestive that the MO incorporates into the cell membrane structure, analogous to reported interactions with minimal model membrane systems. Current studies have shown strong evidence for the interaction and mixing of LCNPs with bilayer membranes with synergies between findings in model membranes and live cells.