The measured FPs of the mixtures containing 1-butanol + FAEEs are listed in Table . As each experiment was conducted in triplicate, the AAD was calculated for each set of measurements. Based on Table measurements, the experimental data showed a significant decrease in FP values with the addition of 1-butanol. This behavior occurs because butanol is a flammable component more volatile than FAEEs, increasing the overall flammability of the mixture.