where 𝜎 𝑖 is the distance between atom 𝑖 in the two frames, and 𝑁 is the total number of equivalent atoms. Also, PSD function can reflect the deformation and quantify the distribution of diameters of a collection of spheres that best fill the pores in the simulated grids. To calculate the PSD, the Monte Carlo procedure was utilized. The pore range of weaving structures was divided into small bins.