The minimal variation in band gap energy between the two catalysts suggests that the introduction of boron, cerium, and silver dopants does not drastically alter the electronic structure of titanium dioxide. However, these dopants are still expected to influence other crucial factors, such as charge separation and light absorption. For instance, silver doping is known to enhance charge carrier mobility, while boron and cerium can extend the light absorption range and improve photocatalytic performance by introducing localized states within the band gap. Thus, while the band gap energy remains nearly constant, the dopant-induced modifications may still significantly impact photocatalytic activity.