Mechanical recycling involves the physical processing of textile waste to create new materials. In this process, textile waste, such as shredded polyester, nylon fibers, or spandex, is collected and ground into smaller pieces or fibers. These ground fibers can then be mixed with biodegradable polymers, such as PLA or PHA, to form composite materials with enhanced properties. Mechanical recycling typically includes steps like shredding, compounding, and extrusion to blend the waste fibers with biodegradable matrices . This method is straightforward, energy-efficient, and cost-effective, but the quality of the final composite can sometimes be limited by the degradation of the polymeric fibers during processing.