Following brain injury, inflammatory immune responses may manifest as ischemia, status epilepticus, hemorrhage, hypoglycemia, or trauma . Hypoglycemia and respiratory depression collectively exacerbate three injury patterns: selective neuronal necrosis, microglial activation, and laminar cortical necrosis . It is prevalent in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients and is linked to atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, and ischemia in middle-aged and geriatric individuals .Genetic mutations, susceptibility polymorphisms, environmental neurotoxins/metals, cardiovascular disease, traumatic brain injury, and ischemia/hypoxia may also influence the development of AD. Patients who are subjected to cerebral hypoxia or ischemia are at an increased risk of developing dementia . In various neurodegenerative disease models, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's disease (HD), mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced glucose uptake, and impaired glucose metabolism are observed .