1. **Identification of Previously Unknown Enzymes (CYP450s) in Paclitaxel Biosynthesis**: The study successfully identified two crucial cytochrome P450 enzymes: **taxane oxetanase 1 (TOT1)** and **taxane 9α-hydroxylase 1 (T9αH1)**. These enzymes were missing components in the paclitaxel biosynthesis pathway. TOT1 was shown to catalyze the formation of the oxetane ring, a critical structure for paclitaxel's anti-tumor activity, while T9αH1 was identified as the enzyme responsible for the C9 mono-oxidation in baccatin III synthesis. but also facilitates the transformation of double bonds into both ternary and tetrad rings. This finding challenges the long-held belief about the role of epoxides in this process, thus resolving a longstanding debate in the scientific community.