Note that this study focuses on liquid water at room temperature (298.15 K), while the DPMD model-based MD simulations are performed at 330 K to approximately account for nuclear quantum effects . The approximate treatment for the DPMD model is well-documented and mimics the nuclear quantum effect observed in AIMD simulations and empirical potential simulations . On the other hand, the SPC/Fw and the TIP4P/ε potentials have been originally parameterized to accurately simulate static dielectric constant of liquid water at given temperature. Consequently, we decide not to apply the treatment in these cases.