It can be used to give medications orally . It is possible to model cellulose-based hydrogels' drug delivery under pH-and temperature-responsive conditions. Cellulose and other biopolymers such as alginate can be 3D printed into cartilage structures such as a human ear and sheep meniscus (Figure ) . They can be also used for bone regeneration . Cellulose-based advanced several applications such as biomedicine including antifouling . They improved bioengineering and water treatment via pollutants adsorption . Cellulose/ZIF-8 composite was used for water remediation via adsorption and catalytic degradation of organic pollutants such as dyes . Cellulose enabled threedimensional printing of porous materials such as leaf-like zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-L), denoted as CelloZIF-L. Direct ink writing (DIW) or robocasting was used to proceed with the materials. The materials with a ZIF content of 84% were achieved. The materials were used for the adsorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) and heavy metals offering capacities of 0.64-1.15 mmol/g (at 1 bar, 0 °C) and 554.8±15 mg/g, respectively. The adsorbent exhibited selectivity toward Fe 3+ , Al 3+ , Co 2+ , Cu 2+ , Na + , and Ca 2+ of 86.8%, 6.7%, 2.4%, 0.93%, 0.61%, and 0.19%, respectively . Cellulose enabled also the processing of ZIF materials into filter paper and foams . Most of these biopolymers are biodegradable compared to synthetic polymers . They can proceed into the membrane for oil separation .