Recently, studies that have used ionic gelation have focused on the optimization of the synthesis process to improve certain aspects of the NPs. Kharmohammadi et al. (2015) showed that using TPP as a cross-linker enhances the percentage yield and the drug loading capacity of the NPs compared to a more traditional cross-linker . They found that TPP improves the stability and uniformity of the NPs while simultaneously increasing the yield, making this method viable for a variety of applications. The improvements attributed to using TPP in ionic gelation are due to its ability to form stronger interactions with the chitosan, leading to the enhancement of the NPs. Hoang et al. (2022) also support the idea that TPP-based ionic gelation can achieve highly regulated particle sizes, which is an essential component of targeted drug delivery, especially for poorly soluble drugs. .