We posit that these factors can qualitatively explain the selectivity difference between CO-and HCOOH-producing elements. By themselves, none of these features are entirely new, but have often been overlooked or used sparingly due to the difficulty and resource intensity in calculating transition states and high-coverage structures for so many different features and elements. Combining these approaches through thorough theoretical investigation of the CO 2 RR, we hope to find new insight for CO 2 RR and especially CO vs. HCOOH selectivity on the different metal catalysts.