A stock solution (10 mM) of AR was prepared by dissolving the AR (5 mg) in DMSO (1.944 mL). An aliquot of this stock solution was added to the reporting cell, along with a solution of C 6 H 12 O 6 (0.1 M) in NaOH (0.5 M). The volumes of each solution varied depending on the desired concentration, but the total volume was always 1 mL. Around 1 mL of the FcMeOH solution (concentrations varied) was added to the detection cell. The design and dimensions of the electrochemical cell can be found in Figure .