The metal node and its connected ligands create pocket of space at the corners of the pores where OSDAs snugly fit in. (2) OSDAs occupy the space between layers, supporting and stabilizing the layered structure. (3) OSDAs stretch along the channels and cavities of the framework, filling the pores. There can be more than one type of arrangement as two or three crystallographically unique OSDAs can exist in a single structure. Crystal structures of all MOFs with OSDA are shown in Supplementary Fig. .