In conclusion, our study demonstrates the potential of V2O5 as a promising HTM for tin-based perovskite solar cells. Through continuous simulation and optimization, we have shown that the proposed V2O5-based cell exhibits optimal efficiency. Additionally, our findings indicate that utilizing Se as a back contact material maximizes the efficiency of the cell. These results suggest that V2O5 can serve as a cost-effective alternative to other expensive HTMs while maintaining high efficiency. Overall, this study contributes to the development of non-toxic perovskite solar cells by identifying V2O5 as a viable option for enhancing their performance.