Prior to morphology analysis, coin cells were disassembled with a crimper (MTI MSK-160E, China) inside a glovebox and the anode was rinsed with EMC. The Li anode was transferred into scanning electron microscope (Thermo Fisher ScienFfic, USA) for surface morphology examinaFon. The scanning electron microscopy images were taken at 2 kV acceleraFon voltage.