By definition, the problems described only affect approaches that generate molecular structures as SMILES. To our knowledge the only study that has attempted to use an alternative line notation is that by Gómez-Bombarelli et al , where InChI strings were tested but were found to perform "substantially worse" than SMILES. There are approaches that entirely avoid these problems by working directly on the molecular graph (Kearnes et al , Simonovsky and Komodakis , Li et al , You et al ) or on a reduced graph representation (Jin et al ). Nonetheless, the current popularity of SMILES-based generative models means that a solution to the SMILES syntax problems above would be beneficial.