Importantly, the LIG-E fabricated on paper remained superhydrophilic after more than a week of storage under ambient conditions (Fig. ). On the other hand, we rendered paper or LIG-E hydrophobic (static water contact angles of 117±8° and 129±2°) through lamination of a wax pattern (Fig. ). This technique opened up the possibility of creating flow channels that are unaffected by the presence of electrodes and isolate the electrode contacts from the fluidic channel (Fig. ).