Figure shows the readout of four to five thermocouples for three runs at temperatures from -20°C to -40°C. Figure presents the simulated thermal profiles of one vial in the core (shades of green) of the pallet and one at its side (shades of red) for three repetitions of the freezing process, at storage temperatures of -8°C (4 (a)) and of -40°C (4 (b)). While the modeling framework provides the thermal evolution profiles for all 25,920 vials, we selected these two vials to present two extreme cases of particularly fast (side vial) and slow (core vial) freezing. We identify four characteristic phenomena in the experimental data, all of which were qualitatively reproduced by the simulations: