For international shipping, we create a spatial surrogate from the combined length of OSM features tagged as river, riverbank, pier, ferry, ferry terminal, boat, and mooring. For noncombustion agriculture, we create a spatial surrogate from the combined length of OSM features tagged as farm, farmland, or vineyard (OSM, 2017). For industrial combustion and processes and solvents, we create a spatial surrogate from the combined area of OSM features tagged as industrial buildings or "industrial" or "quarry" land use. For the remaining categories (residential, commercial, and other, and waste disposal and handling), we assume a spatial distribution similar to population density, which we represent using the year-2020 projected population from the WorldPop database .