The X-ray Fluorescence Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX) results indicated that the structures formed by the nanoparticles are composed of oxygen and copper, strongly suggesting the formation of CuO NPs, as illustrated in Figure . Clear peaks in the spectrum at approximately 0.5 keV correspond to the electronic transitions of oxygen, while the peaks at 1.0 keV, 8.1 keV, and 8.9