Pristine and recycled electrode materials were tested in half-cell configuration against a lithium metal anode and liquid electrolyte. The electrodes were prepared by mixing the active materials with conductive Super P carbon black and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) binder in a weight ratio of 85:5:10. The binder solution comprised 10 wt-% PVDF dissolved in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). Additional NMP was added to the slurry to adjust its viscosity. The resulting slurry was tape-casted onto copper or aluminum foils using a doctor blade, yielding a wet film thickness of 180 μm. The solvent was evaporated by placing the tape-cast films on a heating plate at 80 °C. After drying, 7.9 mm diameter disks were punched from the foils and dried under vacuum at 80 °C for 12 hours. Two-electrode Swagelok-type cells were assembled inside an Ar-filled glovebox for electrochemical testing. These cells were built using prepared electrodes, lithium metal as the counter electrode, a glass fiber membrane-based separator (WhatmanGF/C), and a liquid electrolyte comprising 180 µL of 1 M LiPF6 in a 1:1 mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC). The assembled Swagelok cells were tested using a VMP potentiostat (BioLogic Science Instruments). Galvanostatic cycling with potential limitation (GCPL) was performed using different C rates of C/10, C/5, C/2, and C (five cycles for each C rate), with charge and discharge currents calculated based on the mass of the active material within the electrode tested. Moreover, cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements were conducted for all electrode materials with a scan rate of 0.1 mVs -1 .