Plentiful research efforts have been devoted to the valorization of this immense amount of biowaste, especially of the more stable by-products such as heads, tails, fins, skin and bones. In 2018 the total global capture fisheries production reached 96.4 Mt, the highest level ever recorded, 7 millions of which were comprised of anchovy (Engraulis ringens) catch in Peru and Chile seawaters. A mere 4% reduction to 90.3 Mt was recorded during 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but since then catches have increased again.