To account for the varying signal strengths across each chemical (diffraction/scattering angle) channel and facilitate easier training of the generator, all sinogram channels along the 2θ axis are normalized based on the maximum value of each channel. Additionally, to ensure that the output images from the generator maintain consistent relative intensity, they are divided by the same normalization factors used for the sinograms before applying the forward operator. The forward operator then processes the images at their actual intensity scale, yielding generated sinograms with accurate intensities. Subsequently, these generated sinograms are multiplied by the normalization factors, and the loss is calculated in comparison to the normalized input reference sinograms A circular mask is applied to the images during training to filter out signals outside the CT reconstruction area. A 3D grid is calculated considering the experimental setup and specifically the 2θ diffraction angles (1D vector), the sample-to-detector distance, the translation step size and the X-ray wavelength. Starting with a tomographic angle of 0 °, the forward operator accounts for nT voxels across the sample's thickness, and simulates the parallax effect with an nT 2θ axis vector yielding the 3D grid. The modeling of the 3D grid is based on a relationship between the new 2θ axis, its offset from the centre of rotation, and the distance from the sample to the detector, as defined by Scarlett et al. :