For the concrete example of a linear perturbation (Methods), we obtain a balanced solution for θ ≈ 4, es-timated using Eq. ( ), between under-and overfitting. In particular, the calculated mean after refinement of ⟨x⟩ ≈ 0.66 matches the target Y = 0.8 ± 0.2 within the error. θS KL ≈ 1.05 is close to one, as expected. In this sense, the θ estimate from Eq. ( ) is indeed consistent.