re-immobilised at a polarisable aqueous|TFT interface without the aqueous Ce 4+ oxidant or organic EDOT monomer present. Cyclic voltammetry was carried out varying the aqueous phase pH using the electrochemical cell configuration described in Fig. . At ca. pH 0.7 using a 0.2 M H2SO4 aqueous electrolyte, significant peaks showing sharp increases in current indicative of surface or adsorption processes at the polarisable L|L interface were recorded on the forward and reverse scans (Fig. ). These peaks correspond to those labelled γ and γ* in However, the adsorption, can occur due to a strong "chemical affinity". He et al. have shown using density functional theory calculations that octa-EDOT adduction with protons on the carbon of the end-thiophene releases a huge energy of 1.15 MJ•mol -1 (with respect to the neutral octa-EDOT). Thus, the experimentally observed signal was modelled in Supplementary Section S8, with the proton adsorption peak calculated using Supplementary Equation S19 exhibiting an asymmetric shape (Fig. ) that matches very well with the experimental one (Fig. , 0.2 M H2SO4).