The MACPF domain is frequently found in conjunction with other N-and C-terminal domains, including TSP1, LDLRA, EGF-like, Sushi/CCP/SCR, FIMAC, and C2. They are in charge of the MACPF function. Oligomerization of the MACPF domain is required for cleavage activity. As shown in Table , E, nsp2, nsp10, 3C-like, and exonuclease lack domains that aid MACPF. Therefore, E, nsp2, nsp10, 3C-like, and exonuclease cannot function as MACPF. ORF3a and ORF8 protein dimers can form ion channels, as can S protein trimers. So the S, ORF3a, and ORF8 proteins' MACPF domains could form membrane attack complexes.