The electrical properties of graphene are equally striking. Due to its unique band structure, graphene exhibits exceptionally high electrical conductivity. At the Dirac point, where the conduction band and valence band meet, electrons behave as massless Dirac fermions. This results in extremely high carrier mobility and low electrical resistance. Graphene's electrical conductivity can exceed 200,000 S/cm, making it superior to many conventional conductive materials. This high conductivity, coupled with low thermal noise, positions graphene as a promising candidate for next-generation electronic devices, including high-speed transistors and other advanced components .