Initially, artificial serum samples were spiked with CRP concentrations ranging from 10 to 500 ng mL -1 . The calculated values for ∆Q and the efficiency of the proposed system were then reported as percentages of detected CRP in comparison to the theoretical concentrations. As shown in table , the recovery values ranged from 91.4 to 108.1 %, similar to the results achieved using the PalmSens4.