Incorporation of flow has long been understood to boost electrochemical sensor responses by replenishing oxidised/reduced analyte at a sensor surface. The addition of convection, as an additional mode of mass transport, in combination with Fickian diffusion, facilitates more rapid delivery of an analyte to a sensor surface; leading to more analyte molecules/ions in contact with a sensor surface over a set timeframe. Furthermore, convection also effectively removes oxidised / reduced analyte from a sensor surface. Both these traits lead to the diffusion limitations, commonly observed in quiescent systems, being surmounted. Consequently, the use of fluid flow combined with electrochemical sensors is an interesting area of research. Most commonly, the incorporation of fluid flow, hydrodynamics, with electrochemical sensors has been achieved using a rotating ring-disk electrode set-up. Incorporating microfluidic components on a chip surface is a growing area of research. Concerning the latter, the dominant method employs soft-lithography to define microfluidic elements, typically polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), as first reported by Xia and Whitesides. In this approach both the substrate and microfluidic element are oxygen plasma treated, to create Si-OH bonds on both surfaces, aligned and brought into conformal contact with each other such that covalent Si-O-Si bonds form between the two components through a condensation reaction. For example, Ko et al, amongst others, employed this method for carbon nanotube-based electrode sensors, patterned onto a polyethylene terephthalate surface. In that work, a PDMS microfluidic device was bonded to their substrate by treating both with O2 plasma, bringing them into conformal contact overnight allowing covalent bonds to form. This approach works well with oxidised surfaces but is problematic when trying to attach to other dielectric surfaces, such as silicon nitride, due to the lack of oxygen atoms in the Si3N4 layer. Nitride is the preferred passivation layer for use with silicon chip based electrochemical sensors, as it is a dense, non-porous layer and, as such, does not allow electrolyte molecules ingress into the layer thereby preventing unwanted parasitic capacitances. To this end, new microfluidic production methods, such as xurography and 3-D printing, are being explored by different research groups. With advances in additive production capabilities, the use of micro-scale channels with electrochemical sensors has now become more facile with less fabrication expertise required compared to the photolithography driven microfabrication techniques previously employed. Often, designs require complex multi-step processes that can be time consuming, Swensen, et al. requiring a multi-step process and the use of hazardous chemicals thereby restricting the approach to the laboratory settings. Progress has also been made in reducing the time required for microfluidic production, such as through the use of xurography as shown by Speller, et al. however, these methods still require multi-step processes. Each step presents a potential source of error with alignment issues, and with human input required for several steps. 3-D printing in particular, addresses the issues of microfluidic fabrication and integration with sensors, and also has the ability to produce multiple reproducible components in parallel.