To better understand particle behaviour, the relative mean pixel intensity was calculated by comparing the average gray value within each particle to its pristine state. The mean of these differences was computed for the entire tomogram, as shown in Figure . This change in pixel intensity provides a quantitative measure of the particles' evolving states during charging and discharging. Negative values indicate that the particles have sustained more damage compared to their pristine condition. The analysis revealed trends consistent with the mean particle analysis, showing that particle damage generally increases during charging. The most significant damage occurred in the voltage range of 4.2 -4.4 V; however, damage progression plateaus beyond 4.2 V (see Figure , circles). This observation aligns with data in Figure , where a reduction in normalized grayscale intensity was noted up to 4.2 V, with minimal changes beyond this point.