By contrast, CPO effectively handles both the crossmodal agnostic and minimal training settings, outperforming Meditron by up to 20% in caption generation and 42% in molecule gener-ation. This is likely due to its inherent ability to balance structured learning and generalisation. It aligns with preferred data through behaviour cloning and SFT, which encourage the model to mimic expert behaviour, while reducing bias and suboptimal outcomes via a uniform reference model that assigns equal likelihood to all possible outputs.