Several mechanisms could possibly explain the enhanced ionic transport in confined-water contained LHTO. First, confined water could shield the charge of Li-ion and decrease its migration barrier. In general, Li-ion hopping in oxides needs to break the strong Li-O ionic bond. Confined water can expand the bond distance from 1.948 Å to 1.969 Å for Li + (H2O)3, and to 2.148 Å for Li + (H2O)6 , which can reduce the migration barrier. This phenomenon is called shielding effect , which has been observed to enhance ionic transport in electrode materials for various batteries, such as LIB, sodiumion batteries, potassium ion batteries, Mg-ion batteries, and Zn-ion batteries (Table , Supporting Information). As a result, the Li-ion activation energy of LHTO-pre and LHTO can be decreased (more than 0.1 eV) compared to that of LTO (Figure ). Second, confined water leads to the formation of an amorphous-glassy phase, which could decrease the Li-ion migration barrier . Braga et al. reported that the existence of H + was beneficial for the formation of an amorphous glassy phase, and very high ion conductivity of more than 10 -2 S cm -1 was reported . From the inset of Figure , we have demonstrated the lattice distortion and disordered structure in Li1.81H1.13Ti2O5.15-σ, which could contribute to the ionic conductivity improvement. As a result, the Li-ion activation energy of LHTO can be further decreased (more than 0.2 eV) compared to that of LHTO-pre (Figure ).