Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) condensates are micrometer-sized membrane-less polymer condensates formed by associative or segregative interactions of multiple aqueous polymers, such as intrinsically disordered proteins and polyethylene glycol/dextran (PEG/dextran) aqueous two-phase systems . Although the feature of specific molecular uptake of the LLPS condensates has been used for the separation and purification of molecules , the LLPS condensates have recently been applied to creating artificial cells . Artificial cells require a main body with a semipermeable interface to encapsulate nonequilibrium chemical reaction systems while allowing the substrate to pass through to mimic cellular functions. The LLPS condensates meet the requirements for artificial cells due to their features of moleculespecific uptake and semipermeable encapsulation. In addition, the LLPS condensates have some advantages that provide more dynamic properties to artificial cells, such as abilities to control chemical reactions through activation and inactivation by concentrating or encapsulating molecules; such functions are found in living cells these days and cause the recent attention of LLPS condensates . Recently, DNA-based LLPS condensates (DNA condensates) constructed with designable artificial DNA nanostructures have been studied to enhance the advantages of LLPS condensate-based artificial cells. A DNA condensate is an LLPS condensate generated by an associative interaction of sticky-end basepairing between multivalent branched-DNA nanostructures (Figure ). The designability of DNA nanostructures allows us to tune the physical properties and to program functions , such as sequencedependent surface tension , fusion/division , selective incorporation of molecules , pattern formation , spontaneous motions , promotion of molecular reactions 20 , and molecular computation .