For the UK specifically, there was a 2014 survey on drug discovery (PMID 24378794) but this was later criticised for reliance on limited questionnaire responses. This means the charts therein, while of interest, may not have been statistically representative snapshots. A reanalysis from the following year ('Academic drug discovery within the United Kingdom: a reassessment' PMID 26091271) identified 24 dedicated drug discovery facilities in the United Kingdom, some operated by universities with sources of funding including charitable organizations or connected to industrial facilities near to academic campuses. There was also a common feature between these groups of having some proportion of academic staff and being accessible to any UK academic groups. While Table While the issues cannot be detailed here, progressive funding is obviously critical for ADEV. Even a conservative figure for getting to early-phase human clinical trials would be ~ 1.5 Mill $. This is a major barrier for small units and underscores the need to seek commercial support.