The One of the most significant advantages of transition metal SACs is their ability to maximize the utilization of expensive and rare metal resources while simultaneously improving catalytic performance . This characteristic renders them especially valuable for reactions involving noble metals, as it allows for a reduction in the quantity of precious metals employed without compromising catalytic activity . Moreover, the distinctive electronic structure and coordination environment of transition metal SACs facilitate the surmounting of constraints in selectivity and efficiency that are frequently encountered with conventional heterogeneous catalysts .