In a study on the effects of resiniferatoxin on dogs, dogs with osteoarthritis had a persistent lowering in pain and also an improvement in limb use after an intra-articular injection of resiniferatoxin . In dog studies involving the injection of resiniferatoxin to cerebrospinal fluid, measurements proved that resiniferatoxin's half-life in cerebrospinal fluid is between 5 to 15 minutes, which is relatively quick . The scientists who conducted the study also predicted resiniferatoxin would have the same half-life in humans, and this rapid decrease in resiniferatoxin concentration after injection helps limit any possible side effects that could be caused by the resiniferatoxin staying in the human body. The results of these studies set a basis for the clinical trials on humans that came afterward.