To understand the significance of the calculated LCIA values, the obtained impact results should be compared to cradle-to-gate impacts of conventional paracetamol manufacturing processes. Unfortunately, corresponding LCA studies for conventional paracetamol production are currently not publicly accessible, and thus a scrutinizing comparison between the proposed bio-based paracetamol process and conventional petrochemical-based production could not be included in this study. However, future comparative assessments employing the LCIA values presented in this study must acknowledge that paracetamol production based on β-pinene as presented herein is far from optimised due to the earlydesign-stage nature of the project, and thus the associated LCIA results represent a worstcase scenario in terms of environmental impacts incurred per tonne of paracetamol produced.