Instead of using continuous layers some strategies take advantage of more diffuse coatings in which the sensor surface is blocked with a known protein, to account for the most drastic drop in sensitivity occurring in the first few hours of contact but in a controlled manner. In recent years, also zwitterionic molecules have gained increasing attention, due to their high oxidative resistance and hydrolytic stability as well as a thiolated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) . Carbon materials can be also used in this way, but in this case the protective effect is provided through sp³ hybridization and increased surface area. The nanoengineered surfaces, widely investigated in many laboratories, provide extremely high electroactive surface, increasing sensitivity and level of electrochemical signal. Due to the irregular morphology, they are able to obtain lower LOD in compare to planar carbon electrodes .