In any case, the mechanism of the process must first be reliably established. Once again, let us draw attention to the advantages of the combined spectro-electrochemical methods and the expediency of the integrated application of several techniques here. In addition to the above examples we refer to where by a complex of electrochemical, spectro-electrochemical and mass-spectroscopic measurements as well as DFTcalculations it was established that the unusual irreversible first e-step in perfluoroalkyl-fullerene reduction is not due to the slowed down ET, but the fast following chemical stage, dimerization of two negatively charged anion radicals M