We also simulated the bovine ADP/ATP carrier (PDB ID 1OKC) to test interactions with cardiolipins bearing PO tails (namely, POCL) using Martini 3. The experimental structure shows three cardiolipins, (CDL800, CDL801, CDL802) which are bound in the lower leaflet. Occupancy maps of POCL, derived from two independent 30 μs-long simulations, show higher occupancy in the lower leaflet, without clearly defining individual sites (Figures and). At the chosen density isovalues, for POPE we retrieved no occupancy near the protein, while for POPC we identified confined regions in the upper leaflet in both simulations (Figures and). This is consistent with the results of a 30 μs-long Martini 2 simulation, where, however, POCL occupancy is more prominent in Martini 2 (Figure ). The timescale of the interactions between the protein and cardiolipins is also different between Martini 3 and Martini 2: The Martini 3 simulations show a much faster exchange of lipids in both the upper and the lower leaflet and near the POCL experimental sites (Figure ), compared to Martini 2, wherein the lower leaflet a few POCLs remain within 5 Å from the protein for several μs (Figure ), as previously shown for tetra-oleoyl cardiolipins using Martini 2. Interestingly, bulk lipid diffusion is not significantly different between Martini 2 and Martini 3 (Figure ), and the main difference in interaction patterns and timescales can be attributed to differences in the non-bonded interactions between the protein and lipid models in Martini 2 versus Martini 3. Martini 2 is known to be overly "sticky" for a range of applications , and the faster exchange of lipids in Martini 3 may be realistic. However, further studies are needed to investigate exchange rates (residence times) of lipids, ideally compared to experimental measurements across many lipid types and protein systems. Another useful application of Martini is the investigation of the binding mechanisms of peripheral membrane proteins. Here, we test several such protein-lipid systems including BtPI-PLC , wild-type SaPI-PLC , PLC-d1 PH domain , FGF2 and Ebola virus VP40 matrix protein .