These distinct properties offer higher photoconversion efficiency compared to n-type semiconductors. However, the properties of p-type semiconductors typically result in a downward band bending at the semiconductor/electrolyte junction, leading to its predominant application in hydrogen evolution reaction rather than in water oxidation. Some studies have attempted to use Cu2O as a photoanode for water oxidation by synthesizing n-type Cu2O or by forming an ohmic contact with an Au overlayer , but challenges such as low crystallinity, non-selective carrier transfer, and high charge recombination at the interface still remain.