The results here show multiple significant associations between the altered compounds found in CSF from AD (e.g., BHBA, GDCA, Nor-DCA) and Aβ, Tau, and NfL levels (right panel of Figure ). In contrast, the associations in the MCI group were weaker (middle panel of Figure ), with only one significant association (Iso-LCA and Aβ1-42). The ND group (left panel of Figure ) presented various significant associations with the classical biomarkers, most strikingly for GCDCA and GCA. Some of them correlate (positively or negatively) as in the AD group (e.g., GDCA, GCDCA and Aβ1-42 were positively correlated in both groups), potentially due to a diseaseindependent relationship, as explained by Jacobs et al .