Chemicals and materials. Particles 100nm -2 m were obtained from Izon Science Ltd, CPC100 (mean diameter 110nm), CPC200 (mean diameter 200nm) CPC2000, 2 micron carboxylated polystyrene calibration particles, 10 micron and 20 micron carboxlyated polystyrene calibration particles denoted as CP10M and CP20M were obtained from Izon Science Ltd. 30 m carboxylated polystyrene particles, Cat No. 84135, ethanol >99.8 %, acetone >97%, sulphuric acid 95-97% and 30% (w/w) perchloric acid were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, potassium chloride obtained from Fisher Scientific UK, >99% cat no: P/4240/60, Acc Silicones QSil216 was obtained from RS components, catalogue no: 458-765, part no: QSil 216. Lambda DNA (λ-DNA 10745782001) were obtained from Fisher Scientific. The λ-DNA was used as received or diluted to the required solution. Silicon (SiN, SiO2) membranes, and custom faraday cages were purchased from Nanopore Solutions (nanoporesolutions.com), glass nanopore membranes (GNMs) from Electronic BioSciences USA and glass pipettes from World Precision Instruments (WPI) Europe. Silver wire >99.9% cat AG5487 was obtained from advent-rm. Fluid cell holders we designed and printed from SLA resin and supplied through SGD printing services. Data analysis was performed within the data analysis module of the Izon control suite. Pulse shape extraction as performed using molecular devices clampfit version 10.7. Dolomite mitos-P Pumps were used to supply the flow, current amplifiers were supplied from Elements-ic, or were removed and repurposed from a Izon Qnano system for sensor 2. Sampling frequencies were 50-60kHz with a 5 kHz bandpass filter. Flow rates were monitored by collecting the liquid from the outlets and weighing the solution over a period of time.