Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an environmentally benign oxidant with diverse industrial applications, including paper-bleaching, waste-water treatment and chemical manufacturing. While conventionally produced via the anthraquinone process, there is a growing push to generate H2O2 through electrochemical means. Doing so would circumvent the necessity of using H2 and volatile H2/O2 mixtures, as well as issues with catalyst recyclability. Further, electrochemical H2O2 synthesis would enable a decentralization of its production, given the relative simplicity of the equipment necessary for this. Typically, H2O2 (or HO2 -in basic solutions) is produced via the 2e -reduction of O2, a process that is in competition with the thermodynamically easier 4e -reduction pathway to H2O. A continual challenge in this direction is to develop both an understanding of the reaction process and factors that dictate H2O2 selectivity, as well as the continual development of effective catalytic systems.