Upon introducing 3 μM α-hemolysin into the outer aqueous phase, a significant decrease in flu-236 orescence intensity was observed (Figure ). In contrast, the negative control lacking α-hemolysin 237 exhibited a minimal reduction in fluorescence intensity (Figure ). For quantitative analysis, the ). We also encapsulated a fluorescent dye, Alexa 488, within liposomes for 251 enhanced visualization of inner aqueous phase dilution.