The dimensionless applied current density λ determines the non-linearity of the Butler-Volmer kinetics, the high value of which indicates a non-linear behavior in the kinetics term (Eq. 30). It's worth noting that it should not be mistaken by the linearity and non-linearity of polarization curves in high or low applied current density . A higher current density results in higher reaction rates given a fixed potential difference, which can act as another source of non-linearity in the formulated problem. By increasing the applied current density from 0.1 to 5.0 in a fixed liquid/solid conductivity ratio, an increase of ∼ 20% in the volume fraction of the liquid phase was observed for both cases simulated with or without the flow as depicted in Fig. . At higher current densities, the optimizer adds more liquid to satisfy the applied current. This effect was boosted for higher liquid/solid conductivity ratios as the liquid has higher conductivity facilitating the charge transport. We hypothesize that under the defined operating conditions (e.g. where the kinetics are not limiting), the optimizer prioritizes adding liquid electrolyte over solid to maximize ionic transport. For more kinetically-sluggish electrolytes, we anticipate that the optimizer would preferentially add solid phase to reduce kinetic overpotentials.