On the approach to steady state Fig. (a) and 3(e) shows the snapshot of the system from NE-DCVMD and E-DCVMD simulations, respectively. The membrane is 6×6×6 nm 3 in size. In panel (a), the NE-DCVMD setup simulates a non-equilibrium membrane process, where the inlet CV is placed on the left, with a target pressure of 1 bar and a gas composition of 85% N 2 and 15% CO 2 .