• Levodopa (L-dopa) is the most effective medication for managing motor symptoms of PD. It is converted into dopamine in the brain, replenishing dopamine levels and improving motor function. Levodopa is combined with carbidopa or benserazide, which prevent the peripheral conversion of levodopa to dopamine outside the brain, reducing peripheral side effects such as nausea. Common brand names include Sinemet, Madopar, and Stalevo.