When only AML subtypes are considered, LDA can separate AML M0, M5a, M6 and the cloud of M2/M3 cells ("AMLs"; Fig. , Fig. ). Again, the maturation stage is associated with CV2 and the differentiation is associated with CV1 (see also scalings in Fig. ). The confusion matrix resulting from this LDA (Table , "AMLs") shows very good accuracy for the classification of AML M5a and M6 (F1-score 1 for both) and for the classification of AML M0 (F 1 -score 0.86). Again, in Fig. M2 and M3 are partially overlapped (F 1 -scores of 0.71 and 0.67, respectively) and M1 (F1-scores of 0.80) sits between M0 and M2/M3 (Table ). As said before, this is aligned with the maturation stage of AML M1 cells, which is halfway between M0 (undifferentiated cells) and M2/M3 (promyelocytes at higher maturation stage). When only ALL subtypes are analyzed by LDA ("ALLs"; Fig. ) a certain separation can be seen between the three subtypes, especially between ALL B Ph-and ALL T (f-1 score of 0.76 and 0.73, respectively). CV1, representing most of the between-class variation in ALLs, is characterized by scalings (Fig. ) reporting variance mainly between different nucleus-related clusters. In detail, it seems that the DNA-related cluster #7 (negative CV1 values) is specifically associated with ALL B Ph-. This is also visible in false-color images of ALL cells (Fig. ) and in the centroids reported in Fig. , showing a higher intensity of DNA-related peaks at 788 cm -1 . The variance associated with CV2 seems not to be relevant for the separation between ALL subtypes and, according to scalings (Fig. ), this variance is represented by the presence of carotenoids whose distribution among cells and patients seems to be not associated with a specific ALL subtype. Finally, two other LDAs have been performed aiming to assess the possibility to discriminate different leukemia macro categories. When AML M0 cells (unmature leukemia cells), AML M1+M2+M3 grouped together (maturing promyelocytes) and AML M5a cells (maturing monoblasts), were analyzed by LDA, F1-scores of 0.88, 0.95 and 1 were obtained (Table ), with an overall accuracy of 0.95. This is aligned with what was seen above and suggests clear biochemical differences between these three macro categories. When all AMLs and all ALLs cells were gathered in two macro groups and analyzed by LDA, the confusion matrix provided an F 1 -score of 0.81 (Table ), for both classes, showing the potential of separating ALLs and AMLs, even if these two classes are intrinsically heterogeneous and constituted by different subtypes.