Our results show that optimization provides a consistent improvement in the efficiency of designs compared to radial and LOMAP designs (Fig. ). Indeed, the relative efficiencies we obtain are less than 1 for all five ligand sets (Fig. ). These efficiency results indicate that optimal designs will converge more rapidly than the reference designs studied. And therefore, by investing additional effort into perturbation map planning, we can achieve computational cost savings due to improved efficiency even without increasing the number of edges in designs.