ROS detection in B16-F10 cells. The B16-F10 cancer cells were pre-seeded on the confocal chambers and cultured in serum-free DMEM medium containing PTX-NB NPs, TPE-Pyα-CD NPs, TPE-Py  α-CD+PTX-NB NPs (1.25 μM) for 24 h at 37 ℃. Afterward, the cells were washed and stained with 10 μM of 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) in DMEM medium without serum. Following this, the cells were irradiated with white light (100 mW cm -2 ) for 5 min. The cells cultured with PBS were used as a control. For CLSM imaging, the excitation of dichlorofluorescein (DCF; yielded by DCF-DA reacting with ROS) detection was 488 nm using emission at 500~540 nm.