Plastics are indispensable materials in modern society due to their low weight, durability, and low production costs. Global production for plastics reached 380 Mt in 2015, with an annual growth rate of 8.4%. Most plastics used in our daily life are manufactured from fossil feedstocks (including naphtha, coal, and natural gas); for example, polyethylene (PE) is made from ethylene, which is produced from steam cracking of petroleum naphtha. The reliance on non-renewable fossil feedstocks is not sustainable; moreover, the use of fossil feedstocks results in a substantial amount of greenhouse gases (GHG) emitted to the atmosphere. In 2015, the plastic sector contributed 4.5% of global GHG emissions, which is around 2 GtCO 2 -equivalent. To address these challenges, new technologies based on biomass feedstocks have been proposed. Adopting biomass for plastic production provides provides a more circular and sustainable pathway, because biomass production sequesters carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Recently, researchers have successfully converted various types of biomass to chemicals for further plastic processing. For instance, Machado et al. demonstrated the process of propylene production from sugarcane with a minimum product selling price that is similar to its fossil-fuel counterpart. However, most biomass-based technology pathways are still not economically feasible. Accelerating the development and deployment of such technologies requires incentives, such as carbon pricing.