Removal of antibiotic substances seeping into wastewater and groundwater is a major public health and environmental challenge. This study depicts an innovative water purification strategy, employing peptide amyloid fibrils as vehicles for catalyzing hydrolysis of β-lactam antibiotics in water. The experiments demonstrate that PFK, an amyloid-forming short peptide comprising alternating lysine/phenylalanine residues and proline termini, displayed efficient hydrolysis of βlactam substrates, both in its suspended (standalone) fibrillar form, and as fibrils attached to silica beads. Importantly, PFK fibrils catalyzed hydrolysis of different β-lactam substrates: nitrocefin, a β-lactam surrogate, amoxicillin and penicillin which are among the most widely used antibiotic compounds.