The self-organizing mechanisms ubiquitously found in complex live cells at all scales are exquisite coordination of two dynamic processes: the self-folding of a single molecular unit into a higher-order structure and the self-assembly of multiple subunits into a well-defined structure. In bio-inspired DNA engineering, the sequence recognition capability of DNA enables the self-assembly of complementary singlestranded DNAs (ssDNAs) into well-defined 2D or 3D nano/microstructures. The extensive scalability and orthogonality are mediated typically by hybridization between single-stranded overhangs, known as sticky ends (SEs), of rationally designed building blocks. DNA's intelligence has been applied to molecular computing and sensing of specific biomolecules. In parallel, RNA as a programmable molecule has also provided the reliable basis for the self-assembly of structural and functional analogs. Notably, RNA offers a more diverse range of self-folded structures than DNA, which, in turn, favors the self-assembly into unique higher-order structures. One typical example is the kissing loop (KL) interaction between two internally folded single-stranded RNAs (ssRNAs), which allows the self-assembly of folded structures into stable complex structures. Furthermore, cotranscriptional self-folding of RNA transcripts has diversified RNA nanostructures into various contexts. The rich structural diversity of RNA is consistent with mounting biological evidence that RNA plays a far wider variety of roles than DNA. The accumulating catalog to date has described non-coding RNAs as structural, catalytic, and regulatory 22 biomolecules beyond the simplistic description of RNA as an information carrier passed on from DNA to protein synthesis.