There were 6 log D estimates and 2 reference methods. Methods are listed in Table and statistics for all log D prediction methods are available in Table . There were 5 methods that belonged to the physical (QM) category, and 1 in the Physical (MM) + QM+LEC category (this category used a MM-based physical method in the log P challenge, and a QM+LEC method in the pK a challenge). The null and reference method were included in the empirical method category. Microstates with entropy values greater than 0 reflect increasing disagreement in the predicted sign. Microstates with an entropy of 0 are not shown here, but indicate that methods made predictions which had the same sign for the free energy change associated with a particular transition. About 44% of all microstates predictions disagreed with one another based on the sign, and the rest agreed. Roughly 5% of microstates strongly disagreed on the sign of predictions-meaning that predicted relative free energies were fairly evenly split between positive, neutral, and negative values. This indicates that these transitions were particularly challenging.