The extent of In(OH)3 precipitation increases with the pH of the electrode material until the particle surface becomes neutral. In addition to the In(OH)3 phase, other chemical species represented by phases such as In2O3, InOCl and InCl3 can form due to the specific chemical nature of the electrode material. In2O3 and InOCl can be obtained through dehydration of In(OH)3, and In(OH)2Cl (see equations 3 and 4), respectively.