This trend implies continuous functionalization within the nanochannels. Further assessment using N2 sorption and TGA studies estimated that the amount of propylamine in MCM-N was 1183 molecules per nm 2 , while the quantity of carboxylic acid in MCM-Z was around 182.97 molecules per nm 2 . These results collectively demonstrate the successful incorporation of functional groups within the nanochannels of the synthesized materials.