The component induced deactivation is another mechanistic class, which can be subdivided into irreversible and reversible deactivation. Irreversible deactivation is often caused by poisoning, i.e. blocking of the active sites by a component, which is irreversibly adsorbed on the catalyst. Consequently, the change in activity (Eq. ( )) is depending on the rate constant, 𝑘 , the current activity, 𝑎 , , and the concentration of the poisoning component, 𝑐 . This kind of deactivation typically exhibits no or little persistent activity and finally leads to a complete inactive catalyst.