First, we assessed the PEC water oxidation efficiency under neutral pH conditions using LSV measurements. The optimized Cu2O photoanode was fabricated with back contact layers of Ga2O3/TiO2/ITO and front layers of Cu2O/Al2O3/Au/NiFe, with the NiFe activation via CV cycling under alkaline conditions prior to LSV measurements. In the LSV measurements, the Cu2O photoanode exhibited an onset potential of 0.83 V vs. RHE and a photocurrent density of 6.0 mA cm -2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE in 0.5 M potassium phosphate (KPi) buffer solution (pH 7) (Fig. ). The PEC performance was slightly lower than that observed under alkaline conditions due to the reduced catalytic activity of NiFe in neutral pH.