Life has been defined as a self-sustaining chemical system that undergoes Darwinian evolution. In addition, life is considered self-sustaining, self-contained, self-regulating, self-replicating, and self-organizing. As a result of these properties, living systems can undergo Darwinian evolution, and a constant increase in fitness through trial-and-error is achieved. To gain deeper insights into the origins and mechanisms of life, scientists have turned to designing model systems, such as synthetic cells, which mimic these essential life traits. An ideal synthetic cell contains all the traits above and can undergo open-ended Darwinian evolution. Complex coacervate droplets and liposomes are promising synthetic cells since they form compartments and enrich different molecules, serving as nutrients, catalysts, or building blocks. This work focuses on the self-sustainment and division of complex coacervate-based synthetic cells. Several approaches to dividing coacervate protocells have been described, frequently using external factors such as shear forces , mechanical pressure , or temperature. Alternatively, it has been demonstrated that droplets can be divided by molecules produced within the coacervate droplet, such as proteins that form bundles that deform the coacervate phase until it is split into two droplets. These systems use static coacervates, meaning they are close to equilibrium and do not consume energy to sustain themselves. We propose to use active coacervate droplets to get closer to living cells. In this context, active droplets do not exist in equilibrium but require a chemical reaction to sustain themselves. Theory on such droplets has predicted that active coacervate droplets can undergo division due to shape deformation despite the surface tension. However, the number of examples of self-division in active coacervates is limited. We recently found an example of active coacervate-based droplets that can self-divide. These active complex coacervate droplets comprise the homo-polymeric, polydisperse RNA (polyuridylic acid, poly-U) as a polyanion and a peptide as a polycation. They are active droplets because a chemically fueled reaction cycle regulates the peptide's affinity for the polyanion. In response to fuel, these droplets emerge, and as they consume the fuel, they decay again. Excitingly, we found that towards the end of such a fuelingstarvation cycle, the droplets could self-divide by ripping apart into tiny daughter droplet fragments. Eventually, these fragments also dissolved. As the mechanism of the division of these droplets was not understood, we could not control it. Moreover, poly-U is a critical component for the division, and as it is derived from a biological source, it suffers from batch-to-batch variations, making the self-division unpredictable, further complicating the understanding of the division.