Through lumped pathway metabolic modeling, the stoichiometric parameters are intrinsically linked to metabolism and, thus, treated as fixed values (Table ). To identify key parameters for model calibration, a total of 28 parameters were varied in the uncertainty and sensitivity analyses (Table ). The number of samples plays an important role when conducting uncertainty and sensitivity analyses: an insufficient sample size may not return reproducible results, while an excess number of samples undermines computational efficiency. In this study, the analysis on the effect of sample size showed a minimum of 3,000 samples were required to obtain consistent and reliable identification of sensitive parameters (Figure ).