Improved embryo culture systems: There are many ways to improve embryo culture systems in ART. These include new culture platform design creating better microenvironment for embryos, new media formulations including antioxidants to reduce oxidative damage and improve blastocyst development, perfusion-based systems using dynamic media flow instead of static culture. Advances in time-lapse imaging and monitoring 108, 109 , and optimized culture media 110 allow continuous monitoring of embryo development, enabling better selection for transfer and increasing implantation rates.