Consequently, the comparison reveals significantly lower specific capacitances for PN, PNZ, and PNF of 476, 280, and 182 F g -1 , respectively, at a current density of 1 A g -1 . In contrast, PNFZ exhibits the highest specific capacitance of 791 F g -1 at the same current density. These findings are consistent with those obtained from the CV analysis. Moreover, the decrease in specific capacitances with increasing current densities across the various electrodes suggests that the processes are predominantly surface-controlled and exhibit only mass transport limitations at high current densities, as indicated by the CV results . A comparison of various polyaniline composite electrode materials in three-electrode setup is presented in Table . The analysis of PNFZ reveals comparable charge storage capabilities to those incorporating cobalt-iron oxide and nickel-iron oxides, however, it stands out due to its non-toxic dopant. Consistent with PN composites, PNFZ exhibits a notably high power density of 1058.4 W kg -1 alongside a moderate energy density of 136.4 Wh kg -1 at 1 A g -1 , making it suitable for high power applications.