From the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that: A variety of heterocyclic compounds were synthesized from cyanoacetohydrazide and its derivatives, as it contains five different functional groups ( cyano, active methylene, carbonyl, amido and hydrazino groups ) . Some of them could act as a nucleophile or as an electrophile. The reviewed reactions were classified according to the active centers of cyanoacetohydrazide involved. They are divided into the 12 classes, the behavior of cyanoacetohydrazide in the reaction mechanism depends on the reaction conditions and the other reactants. Moreover, the versatility of this reagent could be extended to form condensed heterocycles via the involvement of more than two centers in the reaction course.