A series of Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests also compared students' involvement with research at pre-test and post-test measures in the secondary cohort. This analysis (Table ) found similar trends as those reflected in the primary cohort, with increases in students involvement with research related to omics data analysis. These significant effect sizes may be explained by the fact that students had a better understanding of the data that they were analyzing in their research fellowships by the end of the workshop.