This involves the use of an alignment cell, where the LC ink is filled into the gap between two surfacemodified glass slides. The modified surfaces, including polymer coa�ng or surface rubbing, enforce a universal director field in the whole LC material, and thus resul�ng in only one simple actua�ng patern. The limita�ons on programing LC orienta�on within an alignment cell are two-folds: The surfaces from the top and the botom glass have a direct influence on orien�ng LC molecules only when they are in contact with the surfaces, while the ones at the core layers can only be aligned indirectly, by molecular interac�ons propagated from the anchored molecules. Therefore, surface alignment methods are generally restricted to a cell thickness of 100 µm. To locally control alignment, very complex methods such as lithography paterning or microrubbing technique are required to achieve the desired spa�al accuracy. There have been only a few reported approaches aiming at allowing flexible alignment manipula�on in 3D. For instance, in a previous work, we demonstrated the capability to alter the alignment of LC ink in situ by applying electric fields during the prin�ng process . This approach enabled the fabrica�on of LCE microstructures with intricate alignment designs, showcasing complex actua�on. However, this method requires very special technical exper�se to realize the necessary customized setup.