Interviewees who selected the second step used resources including the type of reaction, resonance stability, and the stability of the carbonyl bond. One of the underlying comparisons that persists throughout the organic chemistry sequence is the differences in kinetics between acid-base reactions involving proton transfers and other types of reactions such as addition, substitution, and elimination. Specifically, acid-base reactions occur with the fastest kinetics and hinder pathways such Students consistently fall back on heuristic resources and treat them as fully fleshed out answers . When further probed, however, they struggle to be able to connect them with either kinetic or thermodynamic resource frameworks and why they would be either stabilizing or destabilizing . It seems very often that students are parroting terms they have learned and are 250 connected to the material, without having a deep understanding of the interplay between that resource and the type of stabilization or destabilization it provides.