For the leaching procedure, the cathode sheets (20 by 22 cm) were cut into small pieces (approximately 1 by 1 cm). 0.3 g of the cathode pieces were added to 10 mL of 1M citric acid (Sigma, 99.5%) at 50 °C to selectively leach the LMO into solution. At the end of the stated leaching time the solution was filtered to separate the remaining LO cathode from the citric acid solution. A small sample of the leached solution was used for Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) analysis. The remaining solid was put into an oven at 80 °C to dry. The amounts of metals leached into solution were analysed using an Agilent 5110 ICP-OES. Samples were taken from the leaching solution at set times along with matching samples of the remaining solid for complementary analysis.