where the total monomer conversion is related to the instantaneous, 𝑓 ! or 𝑓 " , and initial, 𝑓 ! . or 𝑓 " . , mole fractions of monomer type A or B in solution, respectively. Using Equation , a practitioner can conduct a single copolymerization reaction, periodically monitor monomer consumptions to generate multiple 𝑓 ! and 𝑓 " versus conversion data points, and fit those data to extract accurate reactivity ratio values. We note that in some scenarios, Equation 2 produces numerical instabilities (e.g., when either reactivity ratio is equal to 1, or the copolymerization is occurring at the azeotropic point); however, these cases can be treated with modified equations present in an appendix of Meyer and Lowry's original publication or by studying additional initial monomer fractions. Knowledge of reactivity ratios and copolymer composition measured in this way can be used to infer comonomer sequence through heuristics or otherwise be used as inputs to stochastic copolymerization simulations to generate ensemble comonomer sequence knowledge about a specific polymer sample. For example, blocky comonomer sequences result when both 𝑟 ! and 𝑟 " are >1, or alternating comonomer sequences result when both 𝑟 ! and 𝑟 " are <1.