For an in-depth understanding and prediction of battery characteristics, different modelling strategies are available. The most general and widely used models are electrochemical models and empirical models. Additionally, stochastic models and analytical models are widespread . Electrochemical models are based on the chemical kinetics and reaction dynamics of processes in the battery. These models have a high accuracy, but exhibit disadvantages in the complexity of equations and correspondingly long simulation times. In contrast, empirical models such as equivalent circuit models (ECM) are computationally efficient, but deliver limited predictive power regarding ageing and a high stiffness of the model . Among the other two model types, stochastic models are less descriptive but more intuitive, and analytical models use heuristic techniques to model certain specific characteristics of batteries, such as capacity or runtime .