Further research should also consider enhancing the photocatalytic efficiency by exploring alternative doping strategies, co-catalysts, or nanostructuring techniques. For instance, coupling TiO₂ with other semiconductors that exhibit strong visible light activity, such as graphene oxide or zinc oxide, could create hybrid systems with superior performance. Investigating the role of synthesis parameters, such as calcination temperature, pH, and precursor concentrations, may yield insights into further improving the catalysts' properties.