XAS emerges as a valuable tool for scrutinizing sulfur evolution, particularly in the context of short-chain polysulfides. Raman spectroscopy, with its diminished sensitivity to Li2Sx operando XAS spectra analysis, was excluded from the standard references group due to its vulnerability to oxidation, even in the presence of trace amounts of oxygen. The standard references were then introduced into different electrolytes, including both the baseline and BNCcontaining electrolytes as shown in Figures and. The resulting spectra underwent calibration through gypsum (CaSO4) scans to rectify any peak shifts as shown in Figure .