Use of sensors in the agricultural sector 192 includes PANI-based 193 and CNT-based 194 strain sensors having the ability to perform real time monitoring of plant growth. Other applications of sensors in the agricultural sector involve detection of pesticides using carbon dot-based fluorescence sensors 195 and graphene dot-based electrochemical sensors 196 as well as monitoring soil quality in terms of moisture content 197 and bacterial flora. Aflatoxins are toxic and carcinogenic compounds produced by fungal species Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus affecting a wide variety of crops such as corn, wheat and peanut among many others. Aflatoxins are hepatotoxic and consumption can lead to a variety of symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, severe abdominal pain which possibility of acute liver injury in the case of large doses. Therefore, accurate, rapid and highly sensitive detection of aflatoxin levels in food samples is an important area of development for nanosensors including aptasensors.