The nonaqueous Mg-CO2 battery includes a metal Mg anode, a separator, organic electrolytes, a porous cathode, and catalysts (see Figure ). During discharging, oxidation at the Mg metal anode generates Mg 2+, which diffuses from the electrolyte to the CO2 cathode, propelled by the potential difference. Dissolved CO2 molecules absorb electrons from the cathode and react with Mg 2+ to produce solid discharge products at the cathode/electrolyte interface.