The effect of dynamic cycling is amplified at lower C-rates and emphasizes the importance of carrying out aging in dynamic and non-accelerated conditions. The low C-rates here are critical in revealing this finding, otherwise not observed in the literature . Figure shows the distributions of EFCs with respect to constant current cycling at end-of-life. For all C-rates (C/10, C/5 or C/2), constant current protocols underestimate lifetime compared to almost all dynamic discharge protocols, by up to 38%. For a typical powertrain, this corresponds to an underestimation of lifetime mileage by up to 123,000 miles (see SI S.2.4 for powertrain model details).