Gelation of AL-functionalized ITO nanocrystals. Aldehyde-terminated ligand (AL) was synthesized via previously reported synthetic protocols. ITO nanocrys-tals were functionalized by AL via a direct ligand exchange (Fig. ), dispersed in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and mixed with oxalyldihydrazide in ethylene glycol and TBAPF 6 in DMF to induce assembly. Gel structures were characterized by SAXS of capillaries measured in transmission using a SAXSLAB Ganesha; a dilute dispersion of nanocrystals was measured to record the form factor used in computing S for the gels (Fig. ).