For this reason, the direct observation of morphology of the cathodic product during the discharge, and its subsequent dissolution (oxygen evolution) during the charge cycle, is of crucial interest for the optimization of a LOB in order to improve the electrolyte performance. The use of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is well known in the field of lithium batteries as a direct method to visualize the formation of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) and the denditric formation in lithium-ion batteries (LIB). A recent review by Weidong et al. briefly mentioned a few AFM studies describing the use of AFM for the characterization of LOBs. Thus, it is worth to review here the studies reported during the last years, which analyze the morphology and conductivity of the discharge products of LOB using AFM and Electrochemical Atomic Force Microscopy (EC-AFM), performed in-situ, and ex-situ. Byon and coworkers carried out the first in-situ study of the formation and decomposition of Li 2 O 2 on HOPG (highly oriented pyrolytic graphite) using the EC-AFM technique, with 0.5 M LiTFSI in TEGDME as electrolyte and metallic Li as counter-electrode. The AFM was located inside a glove-box and the contact mode AFM was realized with silicon nitride tips for the electrochemical scan and Si tips to observe the HOPG surface in tapping mode, once the cell was disabled. The Li 2 O 2 deposit on HOPG terrace edges exhibited nanoplate shape having several hundred of nm length and 5 nm height, and they disappear during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). A similar study on a mesoporous gold electrode using the same electrolyte, allowed to visualize the formation of a film of Li 2 O 2 nanoparticles with sizes around 10 nm, which grows up as the discharge proceeds, reaching a final size of 50 nm.