The production of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants necessitates sophisticated techniques to ensure scalability and efficiency. Direct extraction can be impractical, prompting the need for semi-synthesis, total synthesis, and biotechnological approaches as viable alternatives. Semi-synthesis involves modifying natural compounds to enhance their efficacy or ease of production. A notable example is the production of paclitaxel (Taxol), a critical anti-cancer drug. Advances in synthetic chemistry have enabled chemists to pursue total synthesis routes for compounds like paclitaxel and its derivatives, enhancing the availability and reducing the costs associated with natural extraction methods . Biotechnological methods, including genetic engineering and microbial fermentation, have revolutionized the production of complex natural products. For instance, genes responsible for paclitaxel biosynthesis have been successfully integrated into microorganisms such as Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, enabling these microbes to produce paclitaxel precursors . Additionally, plant cell culture techniques have been employed to cultivate paclitaxel from Taxus cell cultures .