In addition to these traditional CO₂-derived polymers, novel materials like biodegradable polyesters and biopolymers are under investigation. These materials offer the potential for widespread application, especially in fields such as packaging, agriculture, and medical devices, where the environmental impact of traditional plastics is a major concern. Research continues to focus on optimizing the polymerization techniques, catalytic systems, and monomer design to expand the scope of CO₂-based polymers, improving their mechanical properties, biodegradability, and industrial scalability .