Quaternization of chitosan is a significant modification that can improve the functionality of CSNPs by adding quaternary ammonium groups into the molecule of chitosan. This can be achieved by reacting quaternizing agents, which can take the form of alkyl halides, with chitosan. Specifically, the quaternizing agent glycidyl trimethylammonium chloride has been used by Cai et al. to successfully prepare quaternized chitosan nanoparticles (QCNPs). These QCSNPs also exhibited better solubility, similar to CMCSNPs and can be used in a variety of biomedical applications, especially in wound healing. This is a direct result of the NPs synthesized by Cai et al. having a permanent positive charge, improving their ability to interact with negatively charged cell membranes. Also, the positive charge results in improved adhesion properties, making QCNPs especially useful in promoting tissue regeneration.