1) knee indicator: Knee, 2) resistance growth factor: R", and 3) negative/positive capacity (N/P) ratio: NP Ratio. The knee indicator describes a sudden and accelerated capacity-based degradation (i.e., a knee in the capacity vs. cycle number curve) with knee indicator > 0 if a knee exists at any point in the cell lifetime. The resistance growth factor captures the curvature of resistance with respect to EFCs, indicating whether resistance grows at an accelerating or decelerating rate during cycling. Finally, the NP Ratio captures the ratio of the estimated Q NE and Q PE . SI Section S.7 details the calculations of these trajectory descriptors.