The batch reactor was modeled as a complete mix reactor, but with the assumption that nutrients were spiked at the beginning only and did not flow into or out of the reactor. Regarding the EcoRecover system, the mix tank and return tank were simulated using continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs). In practice, the full-scale PBR behaves closely to an ideal plug-flow reactor with limited back-mixing, and was thus modeled as a series of 20 CSTRs. The membrane tank and centrifuge were represented as splitters capable of concentrating the microalgae biomass by separating soluble and particulate components at different ratios. Flow rates and reactor volumes were fixed as the average values of the reconciled data (Figure ), and the system was modeled with a dynamic influent setting by leveraging the time-series influent ammonium and orthophosphate concentration data obtained from the plant. Considering the short single-pass time of the membrane and return tank (9 minutes), microalgal activity was assumed to only occur in the mix tank (3.7 hours) and PBR (51 minutes). In both batch and EcoRecover system simulations, temperature and light intensity data with diel variations were provided as model inputs to investigate the behavior of microalgae under day-night cycling.