Additional studies have implemented AI into automation to improve process flexibility, enhance data reliability, and increase productivity. Extensive research using AI has also been applied to pharmaceuticals and functional genomics within the field of biotechnology . In addition, use modelling and data-driven insights have led to incorporation of AI with digital twins to obtain higher levels of manufacturing precision . Machine learning has also been put into practice to "speed up the solving of physics-based models" regarding input-output relations in computational fluid dynamics .