General Methods. Purity of all final compounds was ascertained via HPLC on an Agilent 1200 series chromatograph >95%. Chromatographic methods utilized include a ThermoScientific Hypersil GOLD C-18 4.5 X 250 mm, 3 µm column, UV detection at a wavelength of 254 nm, flow-rate set to 1.0 mL/min, and with an acetonitrile: water gradient from 5% to 95% acetonitrile over 12 minutes with a 3 min hold time at 95%. Both acetonitrile and water contained 0.1% v/v formic acid. Mass spectrometry was obtained on an Advion CMS-L Compact Mass Spectrometer with an APCI or ESI source on normal or low fragmentation settings. 1 H and C NMR spectra were recorded on either a Bruker DRX500 spectrometer or a Bruker AVIII in CDCl3, DMSO-d6, or Methanol-d4 with internal standard of TMS at 0.05% v/v. Chemical shifts (δ) reported below are as parts per million (ppm) and the coupling constants are reported as follows: s=singlet, d=doublet, t=triplet, q=quartet, p=pentet, h=hextet, hept=heptet, dd=doublet of doublets, ddd=doublet of doublet of doublets, m=multiplet. Protocols for each compound are detailed below.