Due to the excessive exploitation and use of non-renewable energy sources such as fossil fuels, the global energy crisis has become even more severe with several environmental pollutions . Global environmental pollution caused by fossil fuels has gathered increasing attention in recent years as a serious worldwide problem . Hydrogen energy is chosen as the ideal form of energy because of the high heat of combustion, total net zero carbon emissions and may completely replace the dependency of the industrial sector on fossil fuels . The more focused investment in clean hydrogen energy has been boosted by the rebound from the COVID-19 pandemic-related downturn and the subsequent response to the global energy crisis . The dissociation of hydrogen storage materials, photocatalytic water splitting, photoelectrochemical electrolysis, methane pyrolysis, steam reforming of natural gas and photo reforming of biomass are important processes for generating hydrogen . The water oxidation half reaction of overall water splitting is sluggish, energetically demanding and often handled by improving the performance of photocatalysts including the inclusion of co-catalysts, elemental doping, Z-scheme arrangements, morphological control, and the quantum confinement effect .