𝐶𝑎𝑂 + 𝐶𝑂 & → 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂 ( 𝑀𝑔𝑂 + 𝐶𝑂 & → 𝑀𝑔𝐶𝑂 ( Thus, any real long-term sequestration relies on these two reactions and the extent of the mineralization process is limited to these reactions: in each case 1 CO2 is sequestered per metal atom. It should be understood that no more is possible based upon stoichiometry. If there is a claim of an apparently higher carbon sequestration than that defined by these reactions, for example through aqueous carbonate or bicarbonate formation, it is only temporary in nature and can lead to emissions (see above). Thus, caution should be taken in accepting CCS solutions with higher than stoichiometric sequestration.