4. **Heterologous Expression in Yeast**: For functional validation, the authors developed an innovative microbial consortia system using *Saccharomyces cerevisiae* strains. The engineered yeast strains expressed different enzymes involved in paclitaxel biosynthesis, including the newly characterized T1βOH. These microbial systems produced paclitaxel precursors such as T5αAc-1β,10β-diol at an unprecedented yield of around 40 mg/L. 5. **Microbial Consortia Approach**: A novel microbial consortia system was designed to overcome metabolic stress and redox balance limitations observed in single-strain systems. This allowed better substrate availability and precursor production, ultimately facilitating the functional validation of T1βOH's role in the paclitaxel pathway.