Meanwhile, the retention of the coating during frequent cleaning/disinfection routines is also essential to inspect. To exhibit this, we replaced the rubber eraser in the setup (Figure ) with a water-damped Kimwipe, where the Ag, Cu, and Zn contents decreased by 45.5%, 33.9%, and 51.7%, respectively, after 100 swipes at 2.31 kPa (Figure ). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), high touch surfaces must be disinfected at least three times daily; hence, 100 wipes would be equivalent to ~33 days of routine cleaning. This means that the antibacterial activities of the hand sprayer-based coatings may survive under the suggested disinfection routines for a month. Previously, Cu 2+ /MnO4 --based ARD coating on stainless steel exhibits as high as ~44% leaching of Cu 2+ upon continuous water exposure for 500 minutes. These leached ions are argued to result in bacterial cell death through ingestion, outweighing the slightly compromised durability of the coating. Nevertheless, regulating the release of the metal ions (i.e. introducing other anions that can manipulate dissolution) may prospectively improve the lifetime of the coating. As such, the observed dissolution of metal ions is quite advantageous towards the bactericidal action.