The empirical and atom-type specific parameters 𝑎 & , 𝑏 & and 𝑐 are available in the International Tables for Crystallography . To account for the solvent effects, each atomic scattering factor fi(q) is modified by subtracting a spherical Gaussian which depends on 𝜌 ) , the electron density of the solvent (e.g., 0.334 e Å -3 for bulk water), and 𝜈 ! 10 , the volume of the solvent displaced by the atom i, following the expression: