Reduction and oxidation occur simultaneously, each constituting a half-reaction. During discharge, the redox flow cell operates in galvanic mode, where spontaneous electrochemical reactions supply energy to an electrical load. In this process, the redox couple in the negative half-cell (Ox(-)/Red(-)) undergoes reduction, while the redox couple in the positive half-cell (Ox(+)/Red(+)) is oxidized. A generalized form of a halfreaction equation is: