P. sclerotiorum originally discovered in the air of java, Indonesia by van Beyma. The species is named from its orange sclerotia, which are produced by some strains. It also features monoverticillate, vesiculate conidiophores and bright orange to red colony colors. There is currently little research being done on the phylogeny of Penicillium section Sclerotiora. Although they are separated from home dust, strains are regularly found in soil and occasionally in fabrics. According to Houbraken & Samson, Penicillium sclerotiorum is now categorized under Penicillium subgenus Aspergilloides, section Sclerotiora. This filamentous fungus has garnered significant attention due to its unique biological characteristics, its role as a pathogen in various contexts, and the exploration of bioactive compounds it produces. As researchers investigate the sophisticated nature of its biological activities, a comprehensive understanding of P. sclerotiorum emerges, offering insights into its multifaceted nature and the broader implications it holds. The potential therapeutic applications of this fungus bioactive compound have collected significant attention, particularly in the realms of anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities. The bioactive compounds produced by P. sclerotiorum exhibit promising properties that could be harnessed for combating inflammation and tumor progression. Additionally, the exploration of the bioactive compounds produced by this fungus reveals a treasure trove of potential pharmaceutical and industrial applications, underscoring the importance of understanding its biosynthetic capabilities. Through this comprehensive exploration, we aspire to shed light on the multifaceted nature of P. sclerotiorum, illuminating its biological intricacies, secondary metabolites, and the transformative impact of its bioactive compounds.