In November 2023, we made a fortuitous collection of B. producta and this material was successfully used to isolate small quantities of both the hydro-analogs, 4 and 6. Approximately 30 millipedes were extracted in methanol, and analysis of the crude extract by LCMS revealed that both 4 and 6 as major components, while 3 and 5 were not present. Reverse-phase HPLC purification led to less than 0.5 mg of both 4 and 6. Analysis of both compounds by 2D NMR confirmed their planar structures (Table and it has since been determined that the frogs acquire these defensive agents from their arthropod diet, particularly oribatid mites . The pumiliotoxins are believed to serve as defensive metabolites as they exhibit potent toxicity against mice, with LD50 of 20 to 50 μg ).