adapted to the contaminant-free aquatic medium with no signs of root degradation and exhibited significant continuous growth over 14 days. The top of each beaker, where the plant root was submerged, was cling-filmed to minimise evaporation; the plant stem emerged through the cling film. Each plant was kept upright through suspension using a thread attached to a metallic scaffold, with the plant root fully submerged in the experimental medium (aquaculture), Fig. . The plants were supplied with organic spirulina powder (naturya©, UK) dissolved and homogenised in the control experimental medium The latter supplement 2 ml of (1 g/L) was injected into the medium every three days through the beaker cling-film seal.