One of the primary applications of high-throughput metabolomics in plant-microbe interactions is the identification of signaling molecules. Plants and microbes engage in an intricate chemical communication system, where they exchange a wide range of metabolites to coordinate their responses . Metabolomics has revealed the existence of numerous signaling molecules, such as phytohormones, quorumsensing compounds, and specialized metabolites, that mediate these interactions . This chemical dialogue between plants and microbes plays a crucial role in shaping their interactions, ranging from mutualistic associations to pathogenic relationships . Phytohormones, such as auxins, cytokinins, and jasmonates, are key signaling molecules produced by plants that can influence microbial behavior and colonization . Conversely, microbes can produce and modulate plant hormones, leading to changes in plant growth, development, and defense responses .