Various studies have revealed how aging takes place and how it is controlled by cellular and molecular mechanisms. Factors influencing the aging process and longevity have been identified including telomere shortening, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, deregulated nutrientsensing, DNA repair deterioration, DNA damage, protein homeostasis alterations resulting in accumulation of misfolded proteins, and changes in epigenetic control. In this paper, we review the advances in the research on aging factors and anti-aging strategies. We examine data from the CAS Content Collection 100 , the largest human-compiled collection of published scientific information, and analyze the publication landscape of recent research in this area in effort to provide insights into the research advances and developments. We review the current concepts related to the major aging hallmarks on the molecular, cellular, and organismic level, ageassociated diseases, as well as the major biochemical processes associated with aging. We further assess the state-of-the-art anti-aging strategies and explore their correlations with age-related diseases, based on the data from the CAS Content Collection. Well-known and currently examined anti-aging agents have been specified. Finally, we review clinical applications of anti-aging products with their development pipelines. We hope this review will be helpful for apprehending the current knowledge in the research field related to aging mechanisms and anti-aging strategies, for evaluating challenges and growth opportunities, in effort to further solve the remaining challenges and fulfilling its potential.