Military batteries typically require high specific energy, while allowing for low affordability. Examples of military batteries include the well-established Panasonic TM Li-thionyl chloride and more recent PolyPlus TM Li-air batteries (both non-rechargeable). The latter rated at 800 Wh kg -1 (pre-discharge) have been tested by the U.S. Army. The primary (single-use) lithium-thionyl chloride chemistry achieves a specific energy of 564 Wh kg -1 , including housing (14500 cell) . This type of cell is used in various military applications owing to its long shelf-life and reduced mass . The maximum specific power, however, is an order of magnitude lower than most lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries at approximately 10 W kg -1 , including housing. With the increase in specific energy comes a trade-off in affordability at 0.78 Wh $ -1 ($12821 kWh -1 ) (several times less than typical lithium-ion batteries). Because it is a primary chemistry, the lifetime affordability is similarly 0.78 Wh cycles $ -1 .