The possible charge separated states result in non-emissive charge separated states which can undergo IC (S1 → S0) and ICT or ISC (S1 → Tn/1) as the most probable decay pathways. Additionally, the non-radiative relaxation from a higher to lower excitonic state and the weak emission profile suggest that the prominent electronic transitions are ligand centered. These observations indicate that the chromophores undergo excitedstate non-radiative relaxations (conformational, vibrational, electronic) prior to the observed steady-state emission spectrum with the radiationless ISC process (with rate constants of the order of 10 8 s -1 ) expected to lead to an efficient triplet formation. Any possible metal-to-ligand charge transfer that might co-occur could be merged with the broad peak of the emission spectrum since it is already red shifted (500-700 nm) where CT emission can be expected. Kusaka et al. considered an equilibrium between the emissive 1 -* transition of the ligand and the non-emissive charge separated states of tris(dipyrrinato)In(III) complexes. They surmised that in homoleptic complexes (with β substitution) there was a larger contribution of the charge separated states among the ligands leading to low fluorescence quantum yields, whilst in heteroleptic complexes a smaller contribution of the charge-separated states resulted to the highest fluorescence quantum yield.