Fluoro ring-substituted methyl phenylcyanoacrylates (PCA) were cited in such applications as pentanidium-catalyzed direct assembly of vicinal all-carbon quaternary stereocenters through C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond formation , as direct cyclopropanation of αcyano β-aryl alkanes by light-mediated single electron transfer between donor-acceptor pairs , in synthesis of cyanoacrylates by Knoevenagel condensation , in diastereoselective four-component synthesis of polysubstituted 2-piperidinones with three and four stereogenic centers , diastereoselective synthesis of spiro hexanes from methylenecyclopropane and cyanoalkenes , in study of microporous polyurethane material for size selective heterogeneous catalysis of the Knoevenagel reaction , in the regio-and stereo-selective synthesis of spiro pyrrolidine and pyrrolizidine derivatives , in pyrrolizinone synthesis through functionalized C-alkylpyrroles , in synthesis of new pyridinecarbonitriles from fluoro arylpropenones , in chiral urea-catalyzed enantioselective epoxidation of α,β-unsaturated esters , in green synthetic methodology of (E)-2-cyano-3-aryl selective Knoevenagel adducts under microwave irradiation , in syntheses of highly substituted cyclohexanes and cyclopentenes via phosphine-catalyzed chemo-and diastereoselective [2 + 2 + 2] and annulations of γ-methyl allenoates with doubly activated olefins , in studies of carbonyl function switches from reacting to activating in aza-Wittig reaction with nitriles , in studies of compartmentalization of incompatible polymers within metal-organic frameworks towards homogenization of heterogeneous hybrid catalysts for tandem reactions , in Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water , in tunable cinchona-based thioureas-catalysed asymmetric epoxidation to glycidic ester derivatives , in synthesis and biological evaluation of spiro[acenaphthylene-1,2'pyrrolidine] derivatives as potent anti-infective agents . Iodo ring-substituted styrenic compound is reported in synthesis of aryl nitriles via aerobic oxidative cleavage of aryl C=C Bonds with (NH4)2CO3 as the nitrogen source , in a study of the effects of complex structure on aryl iodide oxidative addition at bipyridyl-ligated gold(I) centers , as well as synthesis and evaluation of a novel library of alternating amphipathic copolymers to solubilize and study membrane proteins .