The physical and chemical properties of materials at the macroscopic level naturally arise from the nature and the microscopic arrangement of their atoms, through the laws of statistical physics and the nature of the interactions between the atoms. In this, some geometrical quantities related to the local organization of matter are often considered as key by scientists, because they play an important role in structure/property relationships: distances between nearest neighbors, bond angles, dihedral angles, etc. However, these very local descriptors of the environment of each atom cannot fully account for the macroscopic properties of the material: longer-range information, related to the "packing" or "ordering" of atoms into space, is also important. Features such as symmetry and topology play a critical role in determining the physical properties of materials, shaping their behavior across a range of fields from condensed matter physics to nanotechnology. Topology is key to the determination of many physical and chemical properties, such as electrical and optical properties, magnetic properties, thermal and mechanical behaviour, among others -in ways that go beyond simple chemical composition or crystallographic structure. This is particularly true for crystalline materials and framework materials, built from building blocks (which can be individual atoms, molecular fragments, or larger structural elements) into ordered, periodic three-dimensional structures. A lot of effort has been extended to find topological characteristics that maximize the occurrence of specific desirable properties, or suppress unwanted behavior. This concept is also at the core of the reticular chemistry approach, in which well-defined molecular building blocks are assembled by strong bonds into crystalline extended frameworks, in a LEGO-like manner. There, the properties of the crystal derive from the properties of the individual building blocks, as well as the topology of the three-dimensional net.