Among the various allotropes of carbon, both graphite, and amorphous carbon remain as solids even at very high temperature of 3825 ˚C, a characteristic truly unique to carbon. While rare other elements may exhibit a degree of similar endurance, such as tungsten (mp 3414 ˚C), osmium (mp 3033 ˚C), tantalum (mp 3017 ˚C), iron (1538 ˚C), silicon (1414 ˚C), and platinum (mp 1779 ˚C), none manage to replicate the exceptional flexibility demonstrated by carbon . Graphite, in particular, distinguishes itself through its exceptional electrical, and thermal conductivities. However, its conductive deftness displays a preferential directionality known as anisotropy, which varies along the crystal's distinct axes. This anisotropic characteristic enables highly order pyrolytic graphite to showcase an electrical resistivity of 0.04 mΩ.cm along the sp 2 hybridized carbon atoms, and 150 mΩ.cm across the stacked layers of graphene sheets . The single crystal of graphite shows the resistivity value of ~ 10 -6 mΩ.cm along the graphene sheet . Along the graphene sheets, graphite showcases the thermal conductivity of graphite is 4.2 W cm -1 k -1 , while across the stacked graphene layer is significantly shortened to 0.04 W cm -1 k -1 . This contrasts with copper's thermal conductivity of 3.85 W cm -1 k -1 , and mercury's 0.083 W cm -1 k -1 , even as their electrical resistivities stand at 1.68 x 10 -3 mΩ.cm, and 1.47 x 10 -3 mΩ.cm, respectively . Though these values are pertained to the properties of graphite, they have huge significances, and implication over the universal research on graphene (as will be discussed below), serving as a cornerstone for scientific inquiry. Similar to the history of carbon nanotubes, which underwent several "rediscoveries", the narrative of graphene's discovery is equally interesting. As far back as 1968, the notion of a single-layer graphene was first documented . The year 1960 saw Boehm's report on single or few layered graphene oxides, making significant contributions to the field . groundbreaking experiments in the realm of two-dimensional materials, leading to their notable Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010 . This prestigious recognition, however, is sometimes misconstructed as the direct discovery of graphene, while their pioneering work illuminated the uncharted territory of two-dimensional materials .