Despite the increasing use of clean energies in the energy supply system, traditional fossil fuels will continue to play a dominant role in the foreseeable future. This is particularly true in the transportation, where internal combustion engines use 70% of the nearly 90 million barrels of crude oil consumed worldwide each day. However, the burning of fossil fuels contributes significantly to the greenhouse effect and the climate change, in addition to the formation of various harmful pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and soot. Soot is made of small carbon particles created by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels . These particles are typically only microns in diameter, and form the main source of PM2.5.. Soot can also form carbonaceous aerosols in air, which is the second largest supplier of greenhouse effect after carbon dioxide . In addition, soot particles can carry a variety of toxic substances into the respiratory system. Soot particles less than 100 nm in diameter can enter the circulatory system via the alveoli and can be transported to the liver, heart and even brain, causing a variety of diseases .