The series of workflow automation capabilities illustrated by Fig. has been largely mirrored by the evolution of reported automation software for materials chemistry. Seminal demonstrations of software for automating an experiment workflow include ARES, ChemOS, and Bluesky. Continual development of these platforms have resulted in new capabilities such as the generalized ARES-OS and remote operation with Bluesky. 17 ChemOS 14 and ESCALATE have increasingly incorporated ancillary aspects of automation such as encoding design of experiments and interfacing with databases. These efforts have built toward multi-workflow integration in HELAO and NIMS-OS as well as object-oriented, modular frameworks for codevelopment of multiple MAPs and multi-agent automation frameworks. Enabling independent operation of workflow components ultimately requires asynchronous programming, as envisioned by the present work and ChemOS2.0. The abstraction of lab equipment as asynchronous web servers is implemented in HELAO-async using FastAPI, with alternative options including SiLA2, as demonstrated in ChemOS2.0.