The alkyldiamine functionalized V2O5 was synthesized via hydro-and/or solvothermal synthesis routes in a 95 mL Teflon lined stainless-steel autoclave (BR-100, Berghof). The three alkyldiamines utilized are 1,2-ethylenediamine (C2H8N2, 2C-DA, Sigma Aldrich), 1,6hexanediamine (C6H16N2, 6C-DA, ThermoFisher) and 1,12-dodecanediamine (C12H28N2, 12C-DA, ThermoFisher). The molar ratio of alkyldiamine to vanadium used was 1:1. 0.3 g α-V2O5 powder (ThermoFisher) was added to 50 mL distilled water under constant stirring at room temperature. In the case of 12C-DA, a 1:1 volume ratio of distilled water and ethanol was used due to the low solubility of 12C-DA in water. The respective amounts of alkyldiamines were then added to the above solution with stirring. The pH value of the precursor solution was adjusted to 3 via the addition of 3 mol L -1 hydrochloric acid solution (Sigma Aldrich). The reaction mixtures were heated to 100 °C and held for 12 h, before naturally cooled to room temperature. The products were filtered through a PTFE filter paper (Whatman), washed with distilled water and ethanol, and then dried in an oven at 80 °C for 24 h.