The objective of this review is to present the recent advances in the field of polymer prodrug nanocarriers obtained by RDRP techniques via the three main synthetic routes: (i) the "grafting to" strategy, which consists in coupling the drug to a preformed polymer; (ii) the "grafting through" strategy, which consists in grafting a drug onto a monomer prior to polymerization and (iii) the "grafting from", also called "drug-initiated" strategy, which consists in the polymerization of monomers from a drug functionalized by a RDRP controlling agent.