For live/dead cell imaging, two scaffolds were washed in PBS and stained for 15 min in a solution containing Calcein Green AM (CaAM, 1:500, Sigma-Aldrich) and Ethidium-homodimer- The compressive toughness (Tc) was obtained as the integration area of the compression stress-strain curves. d Full stress-strain curves could not be obtained from the compression test of PEGDA 700 hydrogels due to their extremely brittle nature. e Triplicates could not be obtained from the tensile test of PEGDA 700 -BAPO/NVP hydrogels due to their extremely brittle nature.