(1) (D = 0.66 nm and 1.08 nm for = 21.6° and 13.6°, respectively). Note also that even in the 2D ESP map of incommensurate clusters with θ = 24.0° (Fig. ) and 19.8°(Fig. ), a similar periodic pattern with a pitch of 0.66 nm is created due to periodicity of N nearly on N (or B nearly on B) configurations. Further worth mentioning is that as shown in Fig. , the triangular lattice-like patterns of the 2D ESP maps are very similar to those found in the IFFT images of the samples with the corresponding twist angles in terms both of the pitch and the pattern. A slight discrepancy between the observed and calculated pitch values may result from the rigid lattice approximation employed in the DFT calculations. This good correspondence confirms our assumption that a series of the IFFT images shown in Fig. represent the interlayer moiré potential created by the local interlayer atomic overlap in the respective hBN bilayers. Finally, we discuss how the interlayer ESP varies as the interlayer distance dint increases from its optimal value dint(opt). Figure shows a variation in the ESP with interlayer distance obtained for the cluster with θ = 24.0°, which is characterized by dint(opt) = 0.329 nm. One sees from Fig. that the positive ESP almost disappears for dint=0.375 nm, and the interlayer ESP eventually becomes almost structureless for din=0.475 nm. This probably accounts for the reason why in previous HRTEM studies on MSLs, the extra FFT diffraction spots, such as those observed in Fig. , have not been reported to occur. In the previous HRTEM measurements, it is likely that various adsorbates are trapped between layers during their assembly and sample handling, which prevents the observation of interlayer moiré potential. Thus, as mentioned repeatedly before, the preparation of adsorbate-free samples is a prerequisite to observe moiré potential as FFT diffraction spots. The chemical exfoliation procedure developed in this work is one useful method for obtaining clean hBN nanolayers and hence observing their moiré potential. We are now applying the present method to graphite and transition metal dichalcogenides. Currently, studies are in progress to confirm its applicability to other vdW systems.