In fact, some companies already offer several standardized commercial photoreactors with partially pre-described features , but the prices are relatively high. The more functions a photoreactor can achieve, the more expensive it will be. In addition, several studies have revealed the design of the photoreactors and their principle, even using the thriving 3D printing technology. However, none of the aforementioned photoreactors achieve the full functions discussed, especially external stirring equipment is often required. Salley et al.