Plasma-driven reactions are an alternative to using electricity to break chemical bonds and generate useful products with less or no conventional heating. The electricity delivered to a reactor energizes electrons, which ionize the gas, generating more electrons that absorb power. The electrons collide with the gas, generating a distribution of electron energies while heating the gas. A steady-state is quickly established, where the electron "temperature" can range from much greater than the gas temperature (nonequilibrium plasmas) to nearly equal to the gas temperature (equilibrium plasmas). The electron energy distribution can be characterized as having a temperature of typically 10,000 to 20,000 K (1 eV = 11,606 K) with a very small population of a high-energy tail that exceeds the average ionization potential of the gas (typically 10 to 15 eV). The gas temperature ranges from moderately above the reactor wall temperature (could be anywhere from ambient to higher temperatures) to the electron temperature, depending on power density, pressure, and reactor configuration. Although no commercial deployments of plasma-based chemical production facilities exist today, they have shown promise for several valuable processes, including production of NH3 from N2 and H2, 53 CO2 reforming of methane, 54 decomposition of methane to form H2 and carbon, and synthesis of larger hydrocarbons. For these reactions, the primary appeal of plasma-based approaches is the role of electrons in promoting gas-phase reactions that would not occur in a conventionally heated gas under mild temperature and pressure conditions. This can occur by the excitation of an electron to a dissociative state or a vibrational excitation. Electronic excitation requires plasma electrons with minimum energies in excess of the bond energy (typically 3 to 10 eV for species of interest). Realizing substantial excitation rates often require relative dense plasmas (electron densities >10 12 cm -3 ) where the high collision frequency of these high-energy electrons results in a substantial rate of excitation of the feed gas. Additionally, placing a catalyst in the reactor allows for the possibility of radicals adsorbing on the catalyst as opposed to the parent molecule (e.g., N atoms instead of N2), which could increase the rates of reactions to generate products.