The quantification of intracellular ATP levels was detected using a luciferase luminescence assay. After the treatment, the culture medium was replaced with 70 µL of cold 1% Triton-X-100 for cell lysis, incubated for 10 min, and centrifuged (4800 × g; 5 min; 4 °C). To detect intracellular ATP concentration, 90 µL of reaction solution was added to 10 µL of a lysate. The reaction solution included 20× reaction buffer (500 mM Tricine buffer, pH 7.8; 10 mM MgSO4), 5 mg/mL luciferase, 10 mM D-luciferin, 0.1 M DTT, and distilled water. Luminometric measurement was performed at Em = 560 nm using s SPARK microplate reader (Tecan, Austria). The intracellular ATP levels were expressed as the percentage of ATP levels related to that in control cells (control = 100%).