The B3LYP-D3 DFT interaction energies in the full data set of both native and non-native 774 close contacts range from -10.1 to -0.6 kcal/mol. Comparing the three general categories, CHp stacking interactions, hydrogen bonding interactions, and all other close contacts, we observe that the categories have distinct albeit overlapping DFT interaction energy distributions (ANOVA p-value=9x10 -145 , Figure ). On average, the CH-p stacking interactions have B3LYP-D3 interaction energies of -6.1 kcal/mol, whereas hydrogen bonding interactions have interaction energies of -4.4 kcal/mol and the other close contacts have an average of -3.2 kcal/mol (Figure and Supporting Information Table ). Thus, CH-p stacking interactions are the strongest interactions formed between galactose and isolated tryptophan, tyrosine, or phenylalanine side chains.