eV. The difference in E f distribution in CMR dataset is because Castelli et al. intentionally selected only stable perovskite oxides with respect to the list of reference systems. In contrast to E f , the majority of E g values are zero in all the three datasets (see Figure ), with 81.7% in MP dataset, 86.3% in OQMD dataset, and 96.1% in CMR dataset. The larger portion of zero E g values in CMR is primarily attributed to its utilization of a more restricted selection of A, B, and X ions compared to MP and OQMD.