The ability to monitor antimicrobial agents (AAs) consumption is critical for AMR surveillance. Whilst prescription data can provide valuable insight, several challenges exist to estimating true consumption: i) prescription data may not be easily accessible for both primary and secondary care; ii) prescription data does not account for AAs that can be purchased over the counter or online; iii) just because an AA is prescribed, does not necessarily mean it has been consumed; and iv) consumption/excretion of AAs may happen in a different catchment to prescription. Compliance to AA is a well-regarded problem, with one study reporting over 1/3 of patients not completing the AA course , or individuals reporting stopping treatment before course has finished due to feeling better or having sideeffects . Studies have shown that individuals not only admit to not finishing courses of treatment but they also admit stockpiling for self-prescribing at a later date .