To gain insights into how different types of therapies have been investigated over the years, we analyzed the trends of selected emerging concepts that have shown commercial success in cancer immunotherapy, such as immune checkpoint-based therapies, CAR, ADCs, etc. The results indicate an upward trend for all the selected concepts with a steady growth in number of journal and patent publications over the past two decades (Fig. ). Of special note are immune checkpoint-based therapies growing sharply after 2015 and nearly doubling between 2020-2022 (Figs. and). Since immune checkpoint-based therapy has been rising faster than others, we looked at the growth trajectory of individual checkpoint proteins. Within immune checkpoint molecules, PD-L1 and PD-1 show the greatest number of journal and patent publications with PD-L1 having nearly twice as many journal publications as all the other immune checkpoint molecules put together in 2022 (Fig. ). While PD-1 and PD-L1 dominate in terms of absolute number of publications, when looked at from the lens of relative growth, other immune checkpoint molecules such as B7H3, LAG3, and VISTA appear to be keeping pace with PD-1 and PD-L1 (Supplementary Fig. ). To illustrate the connection between emerging therapies and different types of cancer, we determined instances of co-occurrences among related concepts as shown in sankey graphs (Fig. ). Among the different types of emerging therapies -kinase inhibitors, immune checkpoint-based therapies, cancer vaccines, ADCs, CAR, and TILs appear to co-occur to a larger extent with emerging solid tumors in journal publications related to immuno -oncology (Fig. ). Key observations/takeaways from this co-occurrence analysis (Fig. ) are: