We developed polypropylene nonwoven fabrics (PP NWFs) with controlled drug release property via surface modification using the photo-activated chlorine dioxide radical (ClO2 • ) oxidation method, followed by β-cyclodextrin (CD) loading. PP materials are challenging to functionalize for allowing the immobilization of drugs, owing to their low reactivity and surface energy. Our β-CD/PP NWFs composite showed sustained drug release behavior over 12 h in phosphate buffer, indicating that β-CDs supported on PP fibers functioned successfully. Our functionalization method is desirable for drug delivery in medicinal chemistry.