Moreover, the interaction between Pt-doped graphene and hydrogen intermediates is optimized due to the balance in binding energy reflected in the enthalpy change. Pt sites on the graphene sheet bind hydrogen strongly enough to promote the adsorption step, yet not so strongly as to hinder desorption and molecular hydrogen formation. This optimal ΔH minimizes energy losses and accelerates the reaction rate, particularly at elevated temperatures, where the exothermic nature of HER becomes more pronounced. Additionally, the thermal stability of Pt-doped graphene ensures sustained catalytic activity, making it a robust material for HER. The combination of exothermic reaction dynamics and the unique catalytic properties of Pt-doped graphene underscores its efficiency in hydrogen production applications .