Biopolymers including polysaccharides are intensively applied for biomedical applications . Polysaccharides were applied as excipients for tablet formulation, dental implants, bone/tissue engineering, and drug delivery . They can also be used for antimicrobial textiles . Silver ferrite (AgFeO2) can be modified with chitosan to render their external surface positive for biothiol separation . Alginate can improve the gene delivery of oligonucleotides . Modern technology such as 3D printing enabled simple processing of polylactic acid and hydroxyapatite for water treatment .