Adverse Effect Levels (NOAELs) . The field of nanosafety recognizes the need for more dose-response data and the inability of current research to meet the demand for efficient risk assessment of the ever-increasing number of new nanomaterials . Therefore, the applications of the NanoLinks semantic interoperability approach is invaluable in connecting observed biological effects to the in vitro and in vivo fate of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs),