In 2007, Grimme and Neese established the TD-DHDF scheme according to which the orbitals and orbital energies from the hybrid-portion of Eq. 7 are used for a standard TD-DFT calculation resulting in a hybrid excitation energy ∆E TD-hybrid , which is then corrected by a CIS(D)-type step, with inputs from the previous two steps and the resulting electron correlation correction scaled by the same parameter as in the ground-state expression: ∆ETD-DHDF = ∆ETD-hybrid + aC∆CIS(D),