In our definition, a species in the low-coverage limit is identified as an ideal species (i.e. non-interacting). Parameters with the superscript "ideal" are the lowcoverage values (here assumed to be 1/9 th monolayer (ML) coverage), and those parameters with superscript "cov" are the correction values due to the coverage dependence. Lowercase symbols are used to represent intensive properties. The corrections for the standard state (denoted with • , evaluated at 1 bar and 298 K) enthalpy of formation and reference entropy, along with the correction for heat capacity for an arbitrary adsorbate X * are formulated in Equations 1, 2, and 3, respectively: