To quantify the uncertainty in the parameters values obtained from CMA-ES, samples of the parameters were drawn from the last 25, 50, and 75% of solution candidates seeded by the CMA-ES optimizer (all tested 𝐿 () , 𝑖 ",. ! , 𝛼 . ! , 𝑖 ",+, , and 𝛼 +, ). The last 25% of points were representative of the final generations of CMA-ES, and the 50%-and 75%-point samples were representative of earlier generations that were further from but still close to convergence (due to the incredibly stringent tolerance of 1 × 10 &'' ). The uncertainties in the fitted parameters were defined by one standard deviation of the selected CMA-ES-generated parameter points (Tables ). For each of these groupings (last 25, 50, and 75%), the current densities at all simulated applied potentials (i.e., the polarization curves) were evaluated for each of the parameter groupings, and the standard deviation of the current density was calculated at every simulated potential to define the uncertainty band for the fitted polarization curves. Because of the stringent convergence criteria employed, there was very little change in the objective function for the last 25% of evaluated candidates, meaning that the uncertainty for the last 25% of candidate points was exceedingly small.