Our simulations also provide insights into sustained enzymatic activity in SSA. BCL specifically has been observed in previous work to embed into lipid monolayers, with the consequence that it is directly exposed to atmosphere. In addition to embedding at the surface, we show that BCL embeds into FA agglomerates in the core and aids in sequestering FAs away from the interface. BCL stability at surfactant monolayers is dictated by surfactant type and solution pH, with charged surfactants (such as DPPC, also present in the marine surfactant composition 140 ) conferring more stability to the BCL-embedded monolayer than uncharged FAs. The enzyme is ultimately exposed to a variety of chemical microenvironments which are likely to impact its activity.