It was furthermore confirmed that the original NADH/[1] 2+ /XTT liposomes perform light-driven transmembrane electron transfer under inert conditions with a rate constant of kAr = (1.76 ± 0.09) 10 -12 s -1 for Fz formation during the first 10 minutes of irradiation, and a quantum yield of 𝑄𝑦 = 0.045%. The rate constant of Fz was determined by fitting the first ten minutes of data with a linear function, and the 𝑄𝑦 was determined by the number of photons divided by the number of Fz formed as described in Section S9. Interestingly, we found that the presence of oxygen only reduced the reaction rate and 𝑄𝑦 by around factor 2 and the by a factor of 0.45 to 𝑄𝑦 = 0.020%, as reported in Table . This observation is very promising, as oxygen normally inhibits electron transfer reactions when performed with a diffusion-based electron shuttle. It seems that the transmembrane molecular wire approach provides robustness, potentially enabling the investigation of transmembrane water-splitting reactions in the future as well as reactions under aerobic conditions.