Metabolomics has been extensively used to study the metabolic changes that occur in plants during pathogen infection . These changes can provide valuable insights into the plant's defense mechanisms and the pathogen's virulence strategies . For example, a study by used LC-MS to investigate the metabolic changes in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves infected with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae . The authors identified several metabolites, such as flavonoids and glucosinolates, that accumulated in response to infection and contributed to plant defense. Similarly, a study by used GC-MS to investigate the metabolic changes in barley leaves infected with the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum . The authors identified several metabolites, including amino acids and organic acids, that were differentially accumulated in resistant and susceptible barley genotypes, indicating their potential role in disease resistance.