The electrostatic potential of the bulk layer, due to its net electroneutrality, serves as our reference point and is denoted as . This neutrality ensures a consistent electrostatic potential value. The subsequent electrostatic potential drop across the interface is expressed as , with the electrostatic potential at the charged graphene surface. Ultimately, is defined as , where corresponds to the electrostatic potential drop associated with the neutrally charged graphene case To investigate whether the change in is mirrored by a change on the mechanism of charge storage at the interface as predicted by the Lippmann equation, we calculate the predicted total areal capacitance ( ) using Equation and compare it with the total areal capacitance ( ) calculated using Equation . The value of is determined using Equation , and the value of is taken from Ref. where the same molecular model and surface charge was used.