[ϕ ] SA )/(∂ κ p,q ) and (∂ E SA . The neglected term implies that we can variationally minimize the stateaveraged energy without further modification if the solvent reaction field is generated using the state-averaged density (Q e,[ϕ ] → Q e,SA ) or if SS-MCSCF (Q e,SA → Q e, ) is employed. However, these introduces other challenges discussed in the main text. The approximation worsens as the number of averaged states increases, making it preferable, in principle, to restrict the number of states being averaged. However, this introduces challenges similar to the root-flipping problem.