WEa, REa, and CEc, and (ii) WEc, REc and CEa, as shown in insets of Figures and, respectively. Under both setups the Nyquist plots contained a semicircle feature at high frequencies, which is indicative of a charge transfer process on the working electrode (Figure , 3b). The x-intercept at high frequency gives the solution/membrane resistance. Extending toward lower frequencies in the Nyquist plot is a capacitive linear segment. Before membrane formation, Rs/m=1998 ± 8.51 Ω as measured using electrode configuration (i) and Rs/m=1857 ± 13 Ω as measured using electrode configuration (ii). The difference between the two measured Rs/m values could be related to differences in inter-electrode distances or in electrode dimensions between the two electrode configurations. After membrane formation, the solution/membrane resistances increased to Rs/m=2060 ± 14.47 Ω and to Rs/m=1932 ± 8.11 Ω using electrode configuration (i) and (ii), respectively. Following membrane synthesis, the average increase in Rs/m was 68.5 Ω. The increased resistance was statistically significant (compared to the fitting uncertainty) and is attributed to the membrane. Analysis of charge transfer resistance on the graphite electrode on Sidea (using electrode configuration (i)) was Rct,a=833.61 ± 3.38 Ω and Rct,a=866.55 ± 60.59 Ω before and after membrane synthesis, respectively. Analysis of charge transfer resistance on the graphite electrode on Sidec (Using electrode configuration (ii)) was Rct,c=593 ± 87.76 Ω and 624 ± 5.11 Ω before and after membrane synthesis, respectively. The differences in Rct were not statistically significant (compared to the fitting uncertainly), so we conclude that there were no residual effects of the membrane synthesis on the electrochemical properties of either graphite electrode. We attribute this to the PBS sheath flow which protected the electrodes from contacting precursor liquids during membrane synthesis. Experiments which did not contain a sheath flow resulted in Rct values that were significantly changed after membrane synthesis (data not shown). in the fitting procedure. In all cases, the reported uncertainty, arose from the fitting procedure.