Analytical identification of degradation products. Samples were taken at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h for intermediates and end-product analysis. In general, 500 μL samples were first 0.22 μm filtered. Next, filtered samples containing enzymes were injected through Zeba™ Spin Desalting Columns (7K MWCO, Thermo Fisher), and elutes were saved. Then samples were analyzed using LC/MS-QTOF (Agilent 6545) for product identification based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) (details in supporting information).