The photocatalysis an enhanced oxidation process, can be initiated when a photocatalyst is exposed to light irradiation with energy equivalent to or exceeding the photocatalyst's band gap. Electrons transition from the valence band to the conduction band, resulting in the formation of positive holes. Radicals ( • OH) can be formed by the oxidation of water molecules by positive holes in the valence band, whereas ( • O2 -) species can be produced by the reduction of (O2) in the conduction band. Photocatalytic biomass conversion is a novel alternative method, replete with significant potential and technical challenges .