The selected data sources and a comprehensive list of references are provided in the Supplementary Materials (See SI-1.1). Data Curation Protocols: Following the cheminformatic data curation protocol recommended by Fourches et al. , we manually conducted the initial data cleaning and standardization. Additionally, (i) data associated with fusion proteins and autoinhibitory proteins were excluded; (ii) all data were manually standardized and kinases were carefully identified across all collected sources, with each kinase being assigned a unique identifier, specifically its UniProt ID.