Once captured, CO₂ can be converted into various products through chemical conversion, using catalysts to facilitate reactions that transform CO₂ into value-added materials. Key technologies for CO₂ conversion include hydrogenation, electrochemical reduction, and photochemical conversion, each offering distinct advantages and challenges. The development of efficient catalysts with high selectivity and activity is a critical factor in making CO₂-based polymer production economically feasible. Despite challenges, advances in catalyst design, such as bifunctional catalysts and CO₂ activation strategies, are paving the way for efficient CO₂ utilization. .