These same general questions obviously need to be a crucial part of any ADEV INS360, While they can be certainly be partially addressed via the public chemistry and bioactivity resources described above (especially since the 'big bang' of patent extracted chemistry flowing into PubChem within the last three years) there is an element of complementarity with commercial alternatives. This was already described in 2009 (see 'Quantitative assessment of the expanding complementarity between public and commercial databases of bioactive compounds', PMID 20298516). When this was re-visited in 2015 (see 'Parallel worlds of public and commercial bioactive chemistry data' PMID 25415348) the complementarity still remained but accurate comparisons were precluded because commercial sources (understandably perhaps) ensure via licencing restrictions. However, this latter publication also made the point that the public data expansion had long passed the point where they must now be considered as essential to interrogate in parallel with commercial sources. Large pharma companies thus have the best of both worlds in being not only able to afford licences to a range of specialist CI products but are likely to have integrated these with public sources and their own internal data (see 'Making every SAR point count: the development of Chemistry Connect for the large-scale integration of structure and bioactivity data . The extensive subscription costs thus clearly put ADEV organisations (and SME's) at a considerable disadvantage for CI investigations (also termed due-diligence or freedom-to-operate)