The review encapsulates findings from 34 case studies featured in 23 articles, extensively examining the TEA and LCA of e-fuel production involving H2 and atmospheric CO2. The distribution of these studies is visually represented in Figure , showcasing a pie chart based on continents. Notably, a substantial majority of the investigations concentrate on European countries, constituting a significant 59% of the total cases, which amounts to 20 out of the 34 studies. Following this, North America emerges with an 11% share, while both Asian and South American studies each contribute 9%. Africa and Australia round out the distribution with equal shares of 6%. This continental breakdown underscores the regional focus of current research efforts, emphasizing Europe's prominent role in advancing the understanding of e-fuel production dynamics. The primary energy sources in Europe are dominated by local renewables, with photovoltaic accounting for 25% (5/20) and wind contributing 15% (3/20). Furthermore, a significant portion, 40% (8/20), is derived from a combination of solar, PV, and hydro. Geothermal and nuclear sources collectively contribute 10% (2/20), while fossil and biomass sources make up 5% (1/20), along with 5% (1/20) from unspecified sources. In Asia, primary energy sources encompass a blend of local renewables and fossil fuels, with photovoltaic accounting for 2 out of 3 cases. Additionally, a single case involves a mix of natural gas, crude oil, and coal. Africa, while making a modest contribution, relies on solar and PV sources (2/2). Refer to Figure for a visual representation of these distributions, and for a concise overview of previous research findings on the technoeconomic analysis of E-fuel production, please consult Table . In North America (7/34), which includes North America (4/7) and South America (3/7), primary energy sources are diversified, combining fossil, nuclear, solar, and wind electricity .