Phosphorus is the element which contain one valence electron higher than carbon. Hence ntype semiconduction is possible in P-doped graphene like N-doped graphene. As the electronegativity of P is lesser than C, the P-C bond is polar, however the charge is more distributed around the carbon atom. When the phosphorus is doped into graphene, then the hybridization of carbon changes from sp 2 to sp 3 and the structure of graphene is perturbed as the size of phosphorus is bigger compared to carbon. Similar to N-doping, three forms of Pdoping exist in graphene. However, the graphitic phosphorus is not a planar but pyramidal overhang which suggesting that the phosphorus overhang from the graphene by .