From the first questionnaire, it can be observed that most students possessed prior experience in fabricating experimentally LIB cells at the laboratory scale (Figure ). This can be credited to their participation in the i-MESC MSc. program, which specialises in materials for energy storage and conversion. Furthermore, their completion of the first year of the MSc program provided them with theoretical knowledge of LIB cells exceeding the basic requirements. However, very few have manufactured cells in a battery pilot line facility (Figure ). In fact, the pilot line scale facilities are complex and hazardous to train in, mainly because of the complexity of the machines and because of the scale of hazardous materials to handle, which increases the need to continuously monitor every student individually. Furthermore, in general, pilot lines might not be easy to get access to for training purposes because they are generally intensively used for research and/or technology transfer activities. Therefore, in our BMM, students can get trained on the process at any time and by using complex machinery and large quantities of materials without physical risk. The practical part of the BMM VR session lasted 1 hour and 15 minutes. In this part of the session, the students made a positive half-cell with the help of all the instructors from the different universities. Each instructor helped his or her group of students with the various controller functions for moving around, picking up objects, etc., as well as with the equipment on the prototype lines.