Before demonstrating the AND logic operations, we experimentally studied the properties of the condensates assembled from the sensing X-motifs. In Figure , we conducted a melting experiment by applying a temperature range from room temperature (RT) to 45°C. Initially, the fabricated RNA condensates assumed a broadly spherical shape, indicating a liquid-like state. With increasing temperature, the condensates showed rounding-up beyond 30°C, which was followed by porous formation on the surface at 35°C. When heated up to 45°C, the condensates became dispersed completely. Upon cooling down to RT by switching off the heater, we observed reassembly of the almost spherically shaped condensate, suggesting the thermoreversibility of the condensate. We further captured dynamic coalescence between two particles with time-lapse imaging using phase-contrast microscopy of the condensates at 30°C (Figure ). Within 6 min of a contact, they showed a fusion into one entity, strongly suggesting that they achieved a liquid state. In addition, we conducted FRAP to quantify the molecular diffusivity in the condensates of sensing X-motif. Figure gives a plot of the fluorescence recovery over 30 min after photobleaching. To cancel out the effects from global fluorescence decay and an unwanted drift of the condensate particles of interest, we also quantified the intensity of a region of interest relative to that of a non-bleached region as control (See Supporting Information for detailed description). We observed a markedly higher fluorescence recovery at 30°C than at 15°C. Taken together, these results revealed that the designed sensing motif (KL_Mut2-Xs) could form RNA droplets at 30°C. Finally, we demonstrate AND logic operations using the RNA droplets, liquid-state condensates of KL_Mut2-X. Besides m1 and m2 as model target molecules (Figure ), we considered the aqueous buffer used in this study as control (Figure ) and two unrelated miRNAs (m3 and m4), which were also referenced from the biomarker set mentioned above (Figure ). Figure presents time-lapse images of the condensates at the initial, intermediate, and equilibrium states for varied inputs. We observed that inputs of both m1 and m2 made a drastic conversion of the initial dense liquid state into a dispersed state over a time period of 3.5 h. In the middle, the RNA droplets showed boiling-like pore formation across the droplets (See Movie S1), indicating non-equilibrium motif restructuring induced by the strand displacement reactions at STH1, 2. This distinct phase-state change strongly suggests that the quadrivalent X-motif experienced a dynamic decrease in valency from 𝑓 = 4 to 𝑓 = 2 (Figure ), leading to a global disassembly of the initial network-like conformation.