Figure . Summary of hydrogels' swelling ratio Figure displays the swelling analysis results for freeze-dried hydrogel samples, ranging in weight from 1 gram to 5 grams. Since each type of hydrogel exhibits distinct swelling properties, all 4-arm-PEG-Mal and chitosan-SH hydrogel samples exhibit similar swelling ratios, approximately 60%, despite varying weights. When submerged in PBS, hydrophilic samples absorb more water and produce a higher swelling ratio. Notably, 3% 4-arm-PEG-Mal and 3% chitosan-SH hydrogels absorbed 60% weight of freeze-dried hydrogel samples, indicating their high flexibility to mimic the extracellular matrix. Overall, these results demonstrate that the hydrogels generated using this formula exhibit exceptional flexibility. Figure displays the relationship between angular frequency and the moduli G′ and G′′ for hydrogels. The observed viscoelastic behaviors are characteristic of hydrogels. Specifically, the moduli G′ was consistently greater than G′′, indicating that hydrogels formed via maleimide-thiol coupling chemistry exhibit elastic solid properties.