Electron diffraction is highly sensitive to this chain ordering, particularly for crystals oriented with chains perpendicular to the electron beam, or equivalently with 'chains flat' on the support film of a TEM grid. In this latter orientation, if the chains pack with nematic ordering, then the 0kℓ diffraction pattern strongly resembles that of polyethylene, with the {011}PE reflections consisting of a single, dominant spot (Figure ). Here, the subscript PE denotes the polyethylene sub-cell, and ℓPE = 1 coincides with ℓ = n + 2 for n carbons. When the chains pack with defined lamellae, then the diffraction pattern will contain additional reflections arising from the interlamellar spacing around the strong polyethylene type reflections (Figure 2c-e), with the {01ℓ} for ℓ = n particularly pronounced. However, the size and shape of regions with lamellar ordering and their position relative to nematic phases within wax crystals remain obscured by diffraction analysis without coordinated real-space imaging.