Both integrated temperature and surface displacement increase with increasing pulse width. However, it is evident that the surface displacement profile is much 13 broader than the temperature profile. These results confirm that the thermo-elastic displacement has a nonlinear relationship with the temperature variation due to the presence of an inhomogeneous distribution of the heat source, which induces nonuniform strains in adjacent materials. Furthermore, both models reveal distinct dependencies of integrated temperature and surface displacement on the absorber position (see Figure ). Evidently, when the absorber is positioned closer to the surface, the surface displacement exhibits higher amplitude and a narrower profile, while the shape of the integrated temperature profile mainly depends on how quickly the heat can diffuse away from the absorber (i.e. it is narrower closer to the substrate). Likewise, a comparable dependency is evident in the surface temperature profiles (see Figure ).