Atomic layer deposition. NMC811 powder was purchased from Xiamen Tob new energy company (China). The provided NMC811 particles (80%) were mixed with Super P carbon black powder (10%) and polyvinylidene fluoride binder (PVDF, Sigma Aldrich) (10%) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP, Sigma Aldrich) about 10 min in a vacuum mixer. Then, NMC811 cathode electrodes were casted onto a corroded aluminum foil using a standard doctor blade casting technique with an automatic thin-film coater (MTI corporation, Hefei, China). Afterward, the attained cathode material was dried at 120°C overnight in a vacuum heating furnace.