While significant progress has been made, numerous knowledge gaps remain. Future research must prioritize a comprehensive understanding of the complex interplay between transport mechanisms, reaction kinetics, and tissue biomechanics. Developing advanced models that incorporate these aspects, coupled with innovative experimental techniques, will pave the way for more accurate diagnoses and personalized therapies. By delving into the intricate world of species transport and transformation, we gain a deeper appreciation for the interconnected nature of biological processes and the crucial roles they play in both health and disease.