Illustrating the importance of combining PK and PD, Chen et al. developed a computational approach called model-based target pharmacology assessment. This method combines physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) and PD (specifically QSP) modeling with predictive models for ADME and potency to acquire a thorough understanding of the pharmacological system and drive decisions in the drug discovery pipeline. It emphasizes the complex relationship of the biological system with the PK and potency of compounds.