To measure the direct-current voltage response of the cell during LA-GEIS and O-GEIS measurements, two potentiostat channels were connected in parallel; one channel ran the EIS measurement and the other channel measured the OCV every 0.2 ms. The magnitudes of the voltage harmonics were calculated from the discrete Fourier transform of the voltage versus time data with EC-Lab software. Large amplitude sinusoidal voltammetry (LASV) was conducted at a frequency of 10 Hz between a voltage of -1 V to 1 V, and the data are shown for the 2 nd -10 th cycle.