Standardized protocols define the sampling duration, flow rate, and filter type, ensuring consistency in data collection. By adhering to these protocols, it can compare and combine data from different locations, enabling regional or global assessments of air quality . PM collected on filter membranes can be easily preserved and archived for future analysis or reference purposes. The filter membranes can be stored under controlled conditions to maintain sample integrity and stability. This archiving capability allows for retrospective analysis, reanalysis of samples using new analytical techniques, or validation of previous results.