The electrochemical kinetics of LIB AMs can generally be separated into bulk (i.e., diffusion) kinetics and interfacial (i.e., charge-transfer) kinetics, although in many cases these are highly interdependent. In the literature, the interfacial charge-transfer kinetics of LIB AMs are generally assumed to follow the Butler-Volmer equation (BV), which describes the relationship between current (I) and overpotential (η) based on two kinetic parameters, the exchange current (I0) and the transfer coefficient (α). Based on the tacit assumptions that α ≈ 0.5 and αa + ac = 1, the BV Equation is often formulated as : Accordingly, I0 is typically calculated from the charge-transfer resistance (Rct) measured with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) under linearized conditions as :