The dissolution of manganese into the electrolyte is detrimental to the SEI layer of the anode and further reduces the stability of the cell. Another problem with the LMO cathode is that the Mn 4+ ion has high oxidation ability and it leads to the decomposition of the solvent in the electrolyte. The LiMnO2 electrode has various challenges one of which is that it is not defect-free and in turn, the spinel structure loses capacity irreversibly upon cycling. Another issue is that, in the LiNiO2 cathode material, Ni 2+ ions tend to occupy the Li + sites. This ion mixing is detrimental as it decreases Li + ion concentration. The reason for this mixing is due to the similarity of sizes of Li + and Ni 2+ radii .