Analogous to membrane fusion, membrane fission was also observed. The excess membrane area induced by fusion of LCNPs into the GUV membrane can lead to membrane buds that fission and divide into daughter GUVs (Fig. , Movie S2). The large excess area and dynamic shape transformations in these vesicles can also lead to vesicles fissioning into multiple daughter GUVs as they re-equilibrate to a spherical GUV geometry (Fig. ).