N-heterocyclic carbene-carbodiimide (NHC-CDI) adducts may be good candidates for control of 3D conformational isomerism (Figure ). These adducts result from the nucleophilic addition of an NHC to a CDI, forming a zwitterionic species with an inherent 3D twisted shape due to steric repulsion of the NHC and CDI substituents. Thus, controlling NHC-CDI conformation could enhance the utility of these species as building blocks for novel materials. Additionally, NHC-CDI adducts have been applied as metal ligands, catalysts, and promoters for CO2 reduction. Figure . Functional groups that undergo isomerization and non-traditional NHC-CDIs.