One of the primary limitations of the dilute solution theory based models has been shown to be the breaking of the steric limit of ion concentration (C steric = a -3 , where a is the effective size of the ion) close to the charged surface at high applied voltages relative to φ T . Excluding steric effects then leads to unphysically high EDL capacitance values and inherently making the solution non-dilute in the double layer region irrespective of the concentration of the bulk solution . Therefore, in order to resolve the EDL of a CO 2 ER system such that its essential qualitative nature is captured, we use the generalised modified PNP (GMPNP) equations which incorporate a mean-field continuum description of steric effects to the dilute solution theory based time-dependent PNP system. This modification is in addition to the Stern layer , where the surface catalytic reactions occur (Zone 1 in Figure ), which defines the plane of closest approach; the so-called outer-Helmholtz plane (OHP).