For every case, the equation for TnT mass conservation may be written for both 1:1 and 1:n stoichiometry, as stated in Eq.5. The free TnT equilibrium concentration ([𝑇𝑛𝑇]) was expressed as a difference between total TnT concentration (𝑐 0 𝑇𝑛𝑇 ) and the sum of phage-bound TnT. After the assumption of varying saturation levels and complex stoichiometry, each complex concentrations may be expressed by total phage concentration (𝑐 0 𝑀13 ) and TnT-dependent saturation fractions. This equation was explained in Supplementary Materials (Eq.S21 was obtained after combining S15, S17 and S19). In the case of the monovalent receptor, also presented by Friguet , Eq.5. may be written as follows in Eq. 6.