Many industrial applications such as coatings, adhesives, sealants, elastomers, and insulation rely on reactions involving isocyanates to form useful polymer networks. A key reaction involved in polymer formation is alcoholysis via the HNCO species to produce carbamates. The rate of this reaction can be significantly modified in many ways by changing substituents on the RNCO or ROH reactants, autocatalysis of the reactants, solvent selection, or via other more efficiently designed catalysts such as organotin. It is well established that HNCO will react with water across either the N --C or C --O bonds, producing carbamate and imidic acid, respectively. Raspoet and coworkers predicted with QCISD(T)/6-31G** that reaction across the N=C bond to form carbamate is favored with a reaction barrier of 37 kcal mol -1 , 9 kcal mol -1 lower than the barrier to reaction across the C --O bond. Perhaps the most rigorous determination of the barrier to carbamate formation is from Nicolle and coworkers in 2016 who predicted a barrier height of 37 kcal mol -1 at the CCSD(T)//M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. Both of these studies also note that additional catalytic water molecules significantly reduce the enthalpy of reaction across both bonds.