where 𝑅𝑅𝐸𝐸 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐶𝐶,𝑖𝑖,𝑞𝑞 are the LUC emissions of feed crop production (in kg CO2-eq./ton feed ingredient) for each feed ingredient ℎ in gridcel 𝑞𝑞. ∆𝑤𝑤 is the difference between carbon stocks under feed crop cultivation and natural vegetation (in tonne C) for crop ℎ and origin country 𝑜𝑜; 𝑒𝑒 is the molar mass ratio between CO2 and C of 44.01/12.01. 𝑌𝑌 is the feed crop yield (in ton feed ingredient/year); and 𝑡𝑡 is the 30-year time period considered (in years) .