In reality, due to the thermal motion of atoms, the relative positions of atoms are constantly changing. As a result, during a dynamic process, the interaction characteristics at each moment in the system will vary to some extent. The wellestablished molecular dynamics (MD) technology can easily simulate the real motion behavior of atoms, even in complex systems. While the visualization analyses mentioned above can be performed at regular intervals to understand the weak interactions occurring in a real dynamic environment, comprehensively understanding these interactions from a large number of images is undoubtedly very challenging. To address this issue and intuitively display the interactions that occur during a dynamic process, Yang et al. proposed an extension of NCI analysis called the averaged NCI (aNCI) method in 2013. In this method, the time-averaged electron density (𝜌̅ ) and its derivatives, generated over a period of MD simulation, are substituted into the calculation formulas of RDG and sign(2) to yield averaged RDG (aRDG) and averaged sign(2) (𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛(𝜆 ̅ 2 )𝜌̅ ). The 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛(𝜆 ̅ 2 )𝜌̅ colored aRDG isosurfaces can then reflect the average interactions occurring during the dynamic process. Additionally, this method defines the thermal fluctuation index, which vividly reflects the stability of noncovalent interactions at different locations during the dynamic process by mapping it onto the averaged RDG isosurface. Practical application examples can be found in its original paper, as well as in Refs. .