where β -1 = k B T is the product of the Boltzmann constant (k B ) and temperature (T), c 0 is the standard state concentration (1 molar), and ∆G A-B is the binding free energy between proteins A and B. Similarly, the thermodynamic quantity of the effective ternary dissociation constant K 3 in Eq. ( ) describing the complexation from individual partners to the ternary complex can be expressed as,