In order to lower global CO2 emissions and reduce atmospheric CO2, permanent sequestration is required rather than capture and utilization because this latter process potentially results in short-and medium-term emissions. Permanent sequestration can, in theory, be achieved by placing the CO2 back into the location the carbon source came from, i.e., legacy oil and gas reservoirs; however, this approach has drawbacks due to potential leakage as well as uncertainties over the pressures that can be safely deployed .