In conclusion, advancements in process efficiency and water conservation, such as low liquor ratio dyeing, waterless dyeing technologies, closed-loop systems, and advanced oxidation processes, play a crucial role in promoting sustainable textile dyeing. These innovations reduce water and chemical usage, minimize waste, and enhance the overall sustainability of the dyeing process. However, challenges such as high initial costs, technical complexity, and the need for advanced infrastructure must be addressed to facilitate the broader adoption of these technologies. Continued research and development efforts are essential to overcome these barriers and achieve more sustainable textile dyeing practices.