In the presence of 82 µmol HCl, the initial pH and conductivity of the acidic solution are 3.1 and 0.28 mS/cm, respectively (see Figure , blue curves). After adding the CAC, the pH increases from the start value to ∼4.6, and the conductivity drops to 0.07 mS/cm. The pH continuously increases for Thermodynamic modeling indicates that a higher amount of dissolved CA is needed to reach the pH swing to alkaline conditions in the presence of HCl compared to the reference system (see Figure ).