For CO2 reduction in aqueous media, the adsorbed CO2 (CO2ad) is regarded as a key intermediate. Stabilization of CO2ad on the surface of catalysts promotes the production of CO and formate. The two C=O bonds of CO2ad bend away from the surface, endowing CO2ad with a large dipole moment oriented outwards. Thus, the electric field in Stern layer stabilizes CO2ad (fig. ). Similarly, OCCO intermediate, a key intermediate for the formation of ethylene and ethanol on Cu-based catalyst, has a large outwards dipole moment and is stabilized by the electric field in Stern layer. Therefore, K + ions not only suppressed HER by impeding the migration of hydronium ions in the diffuse layer, but also promoted CO2 electroreduction due to the interaction between electric field and dipole moment of adsorbed intermediates.