To determine the optimal spacer thickness for our T-TENG, we varied the thickness from 1 mm to 12 mm. The observations revealed a notable enhancement in output voltage with increasing spacer (sponge) thickness, reaching a peak at 5.5 mm. However, a further increase in spacer thickness resulted in a decline of output voltage. Thus, the findings depicted in 3c demonstrate the critical importance of selecting an optimum spacer thickness, a notion supported by various studies. To determine the influence of active area on the performance of the device, T-TENGs were constructed with four different active areas and subjected to a 22N force. A linear increasing trend in the output was observed, as the active areas were progressively enlarged (Figure ). The developed T-TENGs demonstrated exceptional endurance, withstanding characterization under a 14N strain for more than 1000 cycles.