However, sulfide electrolytes are expected to undergo plastic deformation in response to the volume change of electrodes due to their low yield strength . For example, indentation measurements indicate that the yield strength for amorphous and crystalline sulfide electrolytes ranges from 200 MPa to 450 MPa, while the yield strength for oxide-based electrolytes is significantly higher, ranging from 2 GPa to 3 GPa . Fig. show the effect of the plastic deformation in oxide and sulfide electrolytes on the chemo-mechanical behaviour of composite cathodes, at a discharge rate of 1 C. Here, solid electrolytes are modeled as isotropic elasto-plastic materials using the isotropic J 2 plasticity model , with a yield strength of 2 GPa for oxide electrolytes, 450 MPa for crystalline sulfide electrolytes, and 200 MPa for amorphous sulfide electrolytes . Fig. shows that oxide-based electrolytes exhibit minimal plastic deformation upon lithiation of composite cathodes. The impact of plastic deformation in oxide electrolytes on the formation of dislocations in cathodes and interfacial stress distribution is negligible (Fig. ). In contrast, Fig. , f show that while the plastic deformation in sulfide electrolytes does not obviously impact dislocation formation in NMC cathodes, it can effectively reduce the tensile stress concentration at the interface between cathodes and solid electrolytes.