As per Equations 13 and 14, Li and co-workers report rates between 4.8×10 3 s -1 for the 1 A 1g ← 1 B 2u transition of benzene, depending on the promoting mode. They do, however, remark that their results may be underestimated from the true rate constant, due to the combination of a large energy gap, and small Huang-Rhys factors and vibronic coupling matrix elements, and that their results should instead be interpreted as a lower bound of possible rates. Li and co-workers study the same transition in benzene, and find rates of 2.85 × 10 3 s -1 and 1.91 × 10 3 s -1 , with respect to the promoting mode. Valiev and co-workers built on this and calculated internal conversion in terms of quantum Green's functions for some cyanines, and found rates on the order of ∼10 10 s -1 . Marconi and co-workers studied a series of aza-stilbenes and calculated rate constants on the order of 10 10 s -1 , while Lei and co-workers studied a series of different thermally activated delayed emitters and calculated rates on the order of 10 5 s -1 for five different 9,10-dihydro- 9,10-diboraanthracene derivatives. Yin and co-workers studied 1,1-dimethyl-2,3,4,5-tetraphenylsilole in detail and calculated a rate of 1.8 × 10 11 s -1 . Lin and co-workers examine formaldehyde and calculated rates of 1.21 × 10 7 s -1 and 3.79 × 10 6 s -1 , depending on how many states are averaged over . Interestingly, the former compares best to experimental observations. Hornburger and co-workers noted that when using a local mode method, internal conversion in benzene was more sensitive excess vibrational energy within a harmonic model compared to a morse one; 10 7 s -1 compared to up to 10 5 s -1 . They however highlighted that a key problem remained: for a successful treatment, the electronic and vibrational components must be separated. Further, Hornburger and co-workers found that a one-dimensional non-Condon treatment results in a much slower rate, since energy is distributed along all modes rather than a single transition participating mode; the importance of the single mode is governed by qualities of the final electronic state normal modes, analogous to the inclusion of large occupations numbers , and is therefore influenced by anharmonic or inter-vibronic coupling effects. They therefore concluded that a Condon treatment was viable with respect to specific uncertainties.