Research into new Li-ion selective membranes for Li-salt electrodialysis was pioneered by Hoshino in 2013, where a composite membrane using Nafion TM impregnated with N-Methyl-Npropylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PP13-TFSI) ionic liquid was reported. This membrane showed enhanced selectivity towards Li and improved the recovery of LiOH from 5.94% to 22.2%. Other efforts include the impregnation of Li-selective nanomaterials into a sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) matrix which led to a reasonable Li + /Na + selectivity of 2.17. More recently, Hoshino has shown that a popular Li-ion battery solid-state electrolyte, the perovskite Li0.29La0.57TiO3, can be used as a Li-selective CEM to produce 3.5 mg h -1 of Li from brine waters and also expanded its applicability to battery recycling. Lithium Conductor Glass Ceramic (LCGC) solid-state electrolytes, in combination with an anionic-exchange polymer matrix led to a membrane with extremely high Li + /Na + selectivity of up to 112. However, this high level of selectivity was reached by limiting the applied current to modest values below 0.5 mA cm -2 . The application of the membrane was also limited to the separation of Li-and Na-ion and did not consider the processing of Li ions to high-value LiOH material.