1. Cell membrane disruption: Curcumin nanoparticles interact with the cell membrane of bacteria or fungi, thus increasing membrane permeability which leads to cell lysis . 2. Reactive Oxygen Species Generation: Curcumin nanoparticles induce oxidative stress in microbial cells damaging their lipids, protein and DNA . 3. DNA damaging: Curcumin nanoparticles can damage the microbial DNA by interacting with it which leads to fragmentation or inhibition of replication . 4. Inhibition of Biofilm Formation: Curcumin nanoparticles prevent the formation of biofilms, which are protective layers produced by microorganisms. Thus, making them more susceptible to antimicrobial agents .