In contrast, electrified water treatment processes centered on Faradaic (i.e., charge transfer) mechanisms, such as electroreduction and electrooxidation, play a crucial role in transforming substances of concern into less harmful, more valuable, or separable forms through redox reactions. These processes include electrolysis, electroplating, electrocoagulation, and electroflotation, which are pivotal in the degradation of organic pollutants, precipitation of heavy metals, and removal of suspended particles . Companies have introduced modular and compact electrocoagulation systems that offer cost-effective industrial wastewater treatment to remove turbidity, metals, oils, bacteria, etc. . Compared to non-Faradaic treatment processes, Faradaic technologies operate within a broader voltage range (up to 4.0 V) , resulting in a significantly higher energy input than what is predicted by thermodynamics, sometimes reaching up to two orders of magnitude higher than non-Faradaic processes .