A BLAST search demonstrates that the gene coding for β-glucuronidase (GUSB, and uidA in bacteria 141 ) is extensively common across the animal kingdom (data not shown). Its homolog β-galactosidase (40% identity) is also commonly expressed in bacteria (data not shown). β-glucuronidase has several documented purposes 141 . It targets glucuronic acid in the gut, 142,143 and is associated with the degradation of glucuronate-containing glycosaminoglycan. But its extensive expression on, and release from, neutrophils attracted in response to inflammatory signals is a mechanism whose genetic etiology and species prevalence will require further work to elucidate.