Plants produce a wide range of specialized metabolites that play crucial roles in their interactions with microbes . However, the ecological functions of many of these metabolites remain largely unknown . Future studies should focus on exploring the diversity of specialized metabolites produced by plants and their associated microbes, and elucidating their roles in mediating plant-microbe interactions . This knowledge will not only enhance our understanding of the chemical ecology of these interactions but also facilitate the discovery of novel metabolites with potential applications in agriculture and biotechnology .