SB may infect aquatic ecosystems via wastewater discharge. Upon entering the environment, it may present hazards to aquatic organisms due to its capacity to induce toxicity when discharged into water bodies . The impact is contingent upon elements like concentration, period of exposure, water quality, and the vulnerability of aquatic organisms . Despite SB is generally considered to possess low toxicity, its persistent release and buildup may adversely impact aquatic environments by changing microbial community balance and compromising the health of fish and invertebrates . Its degradation products, such as benzoic acid, may demonstrate toxicity to fish and other aquatic creatures, affecting their development, reproduction, and survival . Furthermore, SB can facilitate eutrophication, a source of carbon, a phenomenon marked by excessive nutrient enrichment that results in subsequent detriment to aquatic bacteria and organisms . The ecotoxicological consequences of SB may differ, nevertheless it is essential to adopt efficient management techniques to reduce its release and investigate alternative preservatives to protect aquatic ecosystems. SB like other untreated contaminants poses significant risks to aquatic life when it contaminates surface and ground waters . Studies have demonstrated its toxicity to various aquatic organisms, including fish . Exposure to SB may result in acute toxicity, leading to mortality or sub-lethal consequences, including diminished growth rates, compromised reproduction, and behavioral anomalies . Extended exposure may lead to lasting consequences, including biodegradation in aquatic ecosystems and modifications of ecological processes. While SB itself is biodegradable, its still or its breakdown products can have harmful effects on aquatic organisms and plants . Moreover, SB can engage with other water pollutants, intensifying their hazardous effects. The presence of SB in aquatic habitats can profoundly affect the health of aquatic ecosystems and its resident organisms.