While it is possible for PANI-CSA to be metallic for the low emissivity state, the synthesis is nontrivial. Metallic PANI-CSA emeraldine salt (ES) has only been demonstrated through low temperature self-stabilized dispersion polymerization at -35°C . This process also requires excellent nanostructure control during synthesis to achieve high molecular weight, high crystallinity, and an extremely low level of defect to reach free carrier, Drude-like charge transport.