The conjugated polymer process recipe is expanded to process stages of substrate pretreatment, solution processing, film deposition, and post processing at the second level of ISA-88 (Figure ). These entities are fixed stages and represent logical subdivisions that broadly describe the active layer transformation of the input materials. Figure represents a third level of process description, showing that the sequence of process operations that falls within the boundaries of each polymer process stage may vary from sample to sample. Substrate pretreatment refers to all the processing activities related to preparing the patterned device substrate for the deposition process. This sequence may or may not include cleaning treatments (e.g., chemical washing, UV-ozone, plasma treatment, etc.) proceeded by one or more surface modification steps, such as the use of a self-assembled monolayer. Solution processing includes the various ordered steps (e.g., mixing, sonication, cooling, aging, etc.) that transform the polymer/solvent components into the final solution or ink formulation that ultimately gets coated onto the treated substrate during the film deposition stage. The film deposition stage includes only one node that contains information about the parameters and metadata of the coating method (e.g., blade coating, spin coating, drop casting, inkjet printing, etc.). Finally, post-deposition operations such as further chemical treatment or annealing appear under the post process stage node.