Fresh hen eggs were purchased from a domestic market to isolate LDL, as a source of apoB and phospholipids, and phosvitin using protocols adapted from . Briefly, egg yolks were rolled on filter paper to remove the chalazas. An equal amount of distilled water was added to the yolk at 4°C. The obtained solution was centrifuged at 12000 g for 45 min (Avanti j-25, Beckman). To isolate LDL, the plasma fraction was moved to a new centrifuge tube and centrifuged again to obliterate the granules. Then, the plasma was mixed with 40% ammonium sulfate for 1 hour to precipitate livetin. Next, the pH was adjusted to 8.7 using a 420 mM NaOH stock solution. The solution was centrifuged at 12000 g for 45 min. The semisolid yellow supernatant was separated and dialyzed using a 7 kDa pore-size tube. The dialysis continued overnight to remove the ammonium sulfate. The dialyzed solution was then centrifuged at 12000 g for 45min. The floated residue was collected and lyophilized using a freezedryer from either (Christ, Germany) or (Labconco, United States of America). The granule fraction for isolating phosvitin was collected and homogenized with an equal mass of a 0.17 M NaCl solution and centrifuged again at 12000 g for 15 min. The granules were dissolved in a 1.74 M NaCl solution (1:10 w/v). Further, the solution was homogenized with 4% w/w of PEG6000 and centrifuged at 12000 g for 15 min. The supernatant was dialyzed against distilled water for 24 hours at 4 °C and subsequently centrifuged at 12000 g for 15 min. The supernatant was collected and lyophilized using a freeze-dryer.