For production sites, there were 22 detections attributed to failure conditions observed during 43,277 overflights of production equipment susceptible to failure (i.e., separators, tanks, flares, and miscellaneous 390 equipment). This figure represents the total number of overflights, and most equipment units were surveyed multiple times, most often two or more days later. This yields a probability of failure-induced emissions for production sites of 5.1 × 10 -4 failures overflight . In the case of midstream sites, 13 probable detected failures were detected during 670 equipment overflights, yielding a failure rate probability of 1.9 × 10 -2 failures overflight . SI Section S-8 shows histograms of detections recorded by CM for the production and midstream sector 395 in the surveyed area. For each detection, random synthetic samples were produced comprising 5000 values drawn from a normal distribution using the mean and standard deviation provided by CM (data provided in SI). All detections were then combined and binned at 1 kg/h, producing results in Figure for production and Figure for midstream. These numbers were used to build a distribution of failure-induced emissions for each sector. 400 Then, to account for emissions from upset conditions measured by CM, when the MAES models are run, for each Monte Carlo (MC) iteration, a random value is selected from the distribution built for that sector, whenever there is a probability of such an event taking place.