Upon interaction with SNPs-18, the GUVs become wrinkled and show permanent microsized pores (Fig. ). The formation of these large pores by this type of SNPs has previously been reported by Zhang et al, who showed that this effect was accompanied by a considerable decrease in lipid lateral diffusion . They proposed that the interaction of the SNPs-18 with the membrane produces a change in the tilt angle of the P --N + dipole in the PC headgroup of the lipids, which would produce a denser lipid packing and consequently decrease the membrane fluidity and increase the membrane tension. This increased lateral tension generates elastic stress which is released by the fracture of the membrane, which leads to the formation of single micro-sized holes in the GUVs .