The main limitation of TBM is the lowered sequence similarity with known proteins, which significantly influences the prediction accuracy. Low sequence similarity compromises the structural model's dependability, thereby leading to mistakes ( ). Conversely, ab initio methods-which rely not on current protein structures-can provide answers in these contexts. Still, these methods are computationally demanding and labourintensive; exact results often require significant resources. This double issue emphasises the need for discoveries in both TBM and ab initio methods to improve the dependability and efficiency of protein structure prediction ( ). However, TBMs are still practical to perform template-based molecular docking in drug discovery.