The preparation process of the electrochemical glucose sensor is illustrated in Figure . As a portable electrochemical transducer, SPE is commonly used in the design of portable and convenient sensors . Glucose oxidase (GOx) catalyzes the oxidation of glucose, producing gluconolactone and releasing H2O2 . Therefore, the SANs-functionalized glucose biosensor is capable of measuring glucose levels in samples by detecting the concentration of H2O2. In this study, Fe-N-C SANs are used for glucose sensing due to their excellent peroxidase-like activity and efficient catalytic performance for H2O2 detection, which was demonstrated by our previous [32, 33, 40-42] . GOx, a particular oxidoreductase, enables to use oxygen as an electron acceptor and oxidize the β-D-glucose to produce D-glucono-δ-lactone and release H2O2 . The catalytic mechanism of GOx is as follows: observed with the equation Y = 177*X + 67.9 and R 2 value of 0.990, ranging from 0.1 μM to 0.1 mM. The limit of detection (LOD) was measured by 3.3 times the standard deviation obtained from seven metrical values of the blank sample and the slope of the curve . The LOD of SANs/GOx-coated SPE is calculated to be 0.059 μM at -0.22 V, which is lower than most of the reported enzymatic or non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor in Table . For the practical application of glucose biosensors, anti-interference, reproducibility and stability are very crucial . Glucose sensing is affected by other substances in the ISF . Therefore, the response current of various interfering substances and glucose at the same concentration was tested to investigate whether the interference would affect glucose detection. Figure shows the ratio of the response current intensity of 5 mM interferences at -0.22 V using amperometry to the response current of glucose at 5 mM concentration. The response currents of the interferences are approximately 1% to 4% of glucose, indicating the response current generated by the interferences is insufficient to affect the accuracy of glucose detection. Therefore, the glucose biosensor can detect glucose in the presence of interferences in ISF. Figure shows the response current of 2 mM glucose solution measured by seven electrodes fabricated by the same method. The standard deviation of the measured current was 2.55%, which means that the fabricated SANs/GOx-coated SPEs have good reproducibility. Figure also shows the response current of 2 mM glucose solution from SANs/GOX-coated SPEs after 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days of storage at room temperature. Most previously reported glucose sensors show significant performance degradation within 7 to 30 days of storage . However, SANs/GOx-coated SPEs proposed in this study were able to maintain about 94.5% current after 35 days of storage at room temperature, demonstrating the excellent stability after long-term storage.