Overall and Regional Trends by Chemical Lists Information was available for 103 separate regions, with most data generally available for the US, Europe, Japan, China, Korea and WIPO; the first 5 were chosen for a more detailed regional analysis. One example plot showing the top 20 of the 103 regions is shown in Figure ; additional plots are included in the ULPatentTrends repository The overall trends in the entire Agrochemicals category (Figure ) and the two EU and US subsets (SI Figure ) were quite similar, although the increase in patents from China was less pronounced for the US compared with the EU and overall agrochemical list. A slightly different pattern was observed for EUBIOCIDES (Figure ). Figure , a breakdown by compound, shows that this is driven primarily by benzoic acid, propanol and isopropanol. Further breakdowns per CID are included in ULPatentTrends . The pattern for S20 BISPHENOLS (Figure ) and the alternatives list, S97 UBABPAALT, were almost identical, dominated by Bisphenol A (see Figure ). The plot for CompTox PCBs (Figure ) reveals a markedly different pattern with a peak around 2001, potentially due to the impact of the Stockholm Convention signed in 2001 (effective 2004) -details by CID are given in Figure . This baseline is mainly 2-chlorobiphenyl, with 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl and 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl forming the peak around 2000 (see Figure ). The difference in patent trends for the initial versus updated PFOA listings in the Stockholm Convention (Figure vs. F), particularly in the last years (2009-2022), underscore the critical importance of updating regulatory lists, especially in light of the increasing proportion of Chinese patents. Regional plots for all six PFAS lists are included in Figure .