For the calendering process, the effect of line speed and temperature is ignored. The virtual calendering machine has a line speed of 0.1 to 1 meters/minute (m/min). For these range of values, it has been reported that no significant effect of speed on the resulting electrode property (porosity) is observed . The roll temperature effects on the final electrode properties highly depend on the formulation and binder distribution and are not represented in this version of the BMM . The maximum threshold for the roll gap is the sum of the thickness of the current collector and the dry electrode thickness since no calendering takes place with a roll gap larger than this. The minimum threshold is taken considering the particle fracture in the electrode, which leads to poor cycling performance . It is assumed that the virtual calendering machine has ideal calendering rolls that are not susceptible to deformation. So, the roll gap is taken to be the actual gap through which the electrode is passed through. The AM particles are taken to be brittle, so fracture is assumed if a roll gap less than the height that can accommodate the AM particle is reached. So, the minimum roll gap is taken to be the point at which the minimum AM skeletal porosity of 20 % is reached. It is assumed here that the carbon binder domain is flexible enough to reorganise itself under high pressure, allowing the AM to reach this skeletal porosity. The value of 20 % for the minimum skeletal porosity is also assumed since it is dependent on a variety of factors such as particle size distribution, roughness, etc. . The equation for finding the AM skeletal porosity is as follows,