Although AIEgens-based antimicrobial theranostics have made a remarkable progress, there are still much room for improvement. (1) Visualization of interactions of bacteria-bacteria, microbebacteria plays an important role in understanding the corresponding physiological processes. To date, several NIR dyes have been developed for covalent binding with bacteria based on metabolic labeling strategy . As a result, the endocytosis of bacteria, the interaction of gut microbiota, and other dynamic processes could be real-time monitored. (2) Artificial intelligent (AI) assisted pathogen differentiation can significantly improve the accuracy, rapidity and sensitivity, which is highly suitable for high-throughput assay. (3) The back-to-basics principle of new uses of old drugs has emerged as a fruitful basis for the discovery of new AIE drugs . Thus, some AIE-active natural compounds with advantages of biocompatibility, biodegradability, and intrinsic pharmacological activity, have been developed for various applications. (4) Biosafety is a frequently discussed topic, which is an essential factor to advance the clinical application. To date, the excretion of AIE NPs in hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal pathway of non-human primates and rodents has been investigated . More studies on AIE biomaterials, such as bio-distribution and pharmacokinetics, need to be conducted in future.