For instance, a robust indication of the multi-particle dynamics can be obtained by applying the multistep protocol: the saturation current (Fig. ) offers valuable insights into a possible optimal charging rate able to activate the majority of particles within the electrode (assuming the electrode under study to be the limiting factor); in the case of novel materials, such as LMNO, LMFP and NVP , the memory effect becomes a tool for characterizing specific regions of the capacity that exhibit phase separation (Figs. ).