Experimental operations were performed at temperatures ranging from 24°C to 35°C. Each temperature experiment involved choosing a maximum temperature setpoint and launching the temperature ramp. After that temperature was achieved and stabilized, we waited 30 to 40 minutes before gradually adjusting the temperature back to baseline. These temperature cycling procedures were conducted for early-stage biofilms after 1 month and for fully grown biofilms after 4 months, with a constant potential of 0.4 V versus Au applied to the EAB.