Figure shows the reconstructed and registered 2D neutron and X-ray images of the pristine and XFC-cycled graphite anodes. Our neutron imaging data shows that graphite is indistinguishable from the Cu CC in the pristine anode (Figure (A) (cyan ellipse), whereas the corresponding Xray images noticeably show Cu (Figure (A) (yellow ellipse)). For the cycled anode, graphite is clearly visible in the neutron images (Figure (B) (cyan ellipses)) and distinguishable from the CC only because they are physically separated from each other. However, the graphite is not clearly visible across all X-ray slices shown. Although it can be seen very faintly in the X-ray slices when it is physically separated from Cu (orange ellipse in Figure ). Here, slice denotes the 2D projections obtained from the 3D volume obtained along the length of the cut anode strip. All the neutron and X-ray images reveal the outer glass capillary (silica) that housed the anode strips in Figure . Additionally, our X-ray imaging data show beam hardening artifacts due to the strongly attenuating Cu metal, which appear as dark streaks around the edges of Cu in both pristine and cycled anode (Figure (A1, B1) (red circles)). To reduce these artifacts, we used an iterative physics-based beam hardening correction in the LTT software for metal artifact reduction (MAR). Although the MAR corrected data reduced artifacts, some dark streaks persisted due to missing projections in μ-CT data when Cu was parallel to the X-ray beam as can been seen in Figure (pink circles) and in Figure (A2, B2) (red circles).