A similar normalized density profile is also calculated for the ions (Figure ). We observe that the Cl -anions are always repelled from the neutral surface, regardless of the ionic concentration, in agreement with our previous simulation results . On the other hand, the Li + cations always exhibit two adsorption peaks at 0.42 nm and 0.72 nm from the neutral surface, both outside the inner Helmholtz plane (IHP) that extend no further than a monolayer of water molecules along the z-axis from the graphene surface . The position of these peaks does not change even for highly concentrated solutions, due to the relatively high hydration free energy of Li + that prevents partial dehydration of its first hydration sphere. The position of the Li + adsorption peaks remain unchanged, also when the electrode is negatively charged, but the first peak at 0.42 nm increases in height (Figure in the SI). This is a result of the tradeoff between the dehydration free energy and the surface/ Li + coulomb attractive interactions which, even if further enhanced by the surface polarization, never exceeds the former .