Raman spectroscopy has shown that PEDOT and graphene form π-π stacking between the components. This results from non-covalent π-π interactions between PEDOT's conjugated backbone and graphene's sp 2 carbon lattice, and the parallel alignment of PEDOT's aromatic structure with the graphene surface facilitates π-electron system overlap. Figure compares the Raman shift of our PEDOT-graphene film with that of a control graphene film. Further structural insights are provided by Figure , which presents an SEM image of the PEDOT-graphene film. The image illustrates the composite film's continuous structure, with PEDOT filling the gaps between the graphene sheets. This arrangement contributed to the improved conductivity of the composite.