Leading agencies and policymakers have proposed various healthcare models, but progress is hindered by challenges such as the cost effectiveness of healthcare models, availability of diagnostic tools and services, technical competencies of diagnostics, commercial viability, and end-user acceptability. Numerous campaigns have been initiated by pharmaceutical companies, private healthcare providers, and diagnostic manufacturers to promote healthcare services, leading to the development of portable health tracking, disease monitoring systems, and dedicated health management models to improve primary healthcare. , -