In particular, there has been significant debate over the role of species such as outer membrane-bound cytochromes as well as extracellular structures such as pili and other "nanowires" in the enzymatic reduction process. The ability to excite U VI O2 2+ using NIR light, which can penetrate biological tissues without damaging them, suggests the capability to use this technique to study dynamic bioremediation processes in vivo and over time. The use of 2PE lifetime mapping microscopy as a means of imaging the redox potential of a cell wall, combined with complimentary techniques such as TEM, also has the potential contribute significantly to this field in pure culture and mineral-containing systems. Overall, we anticipate that our investigation will provide a platform for non-invasive optical imaging of actinide bacterial interactions leading to improved understanding of bioremediation mechanisms that can assist in both removing pollution and repurposing critical metal wastes for possible re-use vital to realising a greener, low carbon energy society.