To explore the integration of CPAMs into the electrolyte of a hybrid (RO-capacitive) process, it is essential to consider the interactions among macromolecules, water molecules, NaNO 3 salts, and the membrane surface. CPAMs, widely recognized for their high charge density and hydrophilic properties, have proved effective in enhancing the flocculation and coagulation processes in water treatment, particularly by triggering the aggregation of impurities through electrostatic interactions . When used in desalination, they can dynamically influence ion transport and water flux within a hybrid process . Nevertheless, further investigation is needed to deepen our understanding of the strategic parameters and also enhance the efficiency of this combined process for water purification.