The TGA curve for the SO-CdS nano-hybrid produced in inert (N2) is shown in figure -IV. A significant weight shift takes place through the interaction of Cd 2+ ions with the carbon material of Spinacia oleracea. About 25.13% of the mass loss is explained through this mechanism . The pristine SO-CdS nano-hybrid has a larger BET surface area (24.5 m 2 g -1 ), but the pristine CdS sample has a much lower BET surface area (18.6 m 2 g -1 ). By increasing the surface exposed to photons and the active sites available for reductionoxidation reactions while reducing the charge carrier transport distance, improved specific surface area helps photocatalysts . Small holes are thought to have formed during crystal development, while bigger pores are thought to have formed after the aggregation of CdS crystals of varied sizes .