Energy storage systems play a key role in the transition toward renewable energy, addressing the intermittency of solar and wind power and enabling more reliable and sustainable electricity grids . Among the various energy storage technologies, electrochemical energy storage stands out for its versatility, scalability, and wide range of applications, from portable electronics to gridscale systems . In this context, redox flow batteries (RFBs) offer a promising alternative to conventional batteries for grid-scale energy storage due to their unique ability to decouple power and energy capacities . Unlike solid-state batteries, RFBs store energy in liquid electrolytes, making them inherently scalable and well-suited for large-scale, stationary applications .