While we have focused on one sector within California, our findings contribute to an emerging body of EJ research indicating that to reduce relative disparities in exposure, policy must not merely continue a trend of emissions reduction, but also target the disparate geographical distribution of emissions in overburdened communities. While we focused on California as a case study, it is possible that these general findings would apply across the United States, as most state and national approaches broadly have mirrored California's, with a strong focus on emission rate reductions. Our work provides a compelling illustration of how a highly successful emissions reduction strategy does not necessarily reduce relative disparity in exposures . More research is needed to identify the specific suite of strategies that can deliver a "triple win" for climate, health, and equity goals. We hypothesize that particularly effective strategies may go beyond aggregate emission rate reductions by ameliorating the inequitable spatial distribution of where activities and emissions take place. Thus, future work could explore the environmental equity impacts of potential policy actions and public investments that fundamentally change transportation infrastructure.