• Laboratory preparation. For laboratory sessions to be productive, students need to adequately prepare. Therefore, LLMs can provide personalized assistance in the preparation process, ensuring students derive maximum benefit from lab sessions . Specifically, LLMs can clarify procedures detailed in lab manuals, offer comprehensive explanations of why certain setups are designed in particular ways, and augment safety resources , making the student fully aware of the many design choices, risks, and learning objectives of experiments, without the entry barrier of lengthy lab manuals. By doing so, LLMs can bridge the gap between lab manuals and classroom teaching, ensuring a cohesive learning experience without imposing additional burdens on educators .