RHE, the most endergonic step of lactic acid production (shown in red in Fig. ) is the chemical transformation of surface bound 2-hydroxyacrylaldehyde to pyruvaldehyde. On the contrary, the competing electrochemical pathway is virtually exergonic throughout (shown in blue in Fig. ). The potential response of the latter pathway leads to a takeover of the product via the electrochemical path (shown in blue in Fig. and) at increasing overpotentials. However, at low overpotential, the limiting potential for both pathways is determined by glycerol electro- GLAD at low overpotentials and the predominance of the electrochemical process even at moderate overpotentials. In order to increase lactic acid selectivity, engineering a catalytic system that promotes the dehydration route at moderate electrode potentials is thus required.