Five publications included a quantitative comparison of the quality of work between the two grading systems. Two of these publications compared final exams between the points-based and specifications grading versions of their courses. Ring compared student work by grading final exams from their previous points-based version of their course with the same rubric as the specifications grading course (i.e. without partial credit) and found that the students from the specifications grading version of the course passed questions at a higher rate . However, Ring did not comment on whether there was a change in the final letter grade distribution between the two courses. In Martin's courses, the same final exam composed of 60 multiple-choice questions was used for both a points-based and a specifications grading version of their general chemistry course . The average score in four previous course iterations that used points-based grading ranged between 30-38 (50-63%), whereas in the three terms following the adoption of a specifications grading system, the averages ranged between 38-42 (63-70%). Changes to the final letter grade distribution by adopting specifications grading were not discussed.