Putting DS Analysis and 100% qHNMR Methodology in Context. Challenges in the quality control (QC) of botanical DS are associated with discerning adulterations, contaminants, and impurities as representing "chemical overlay's" of an already daunting variety of natural metabolites produced by the plants. Considering the chemical complexity of botanicals, the adulteration of DS enhances existing difficulties in producing reproducible biological results with them. The reductionist approach of using single or very few metabolites as biological placeholders and analytical reference standards exacerbates the overall challenge of detecting adulteration and fraudulent products sold in the marketplace.