For example, the broad bean, Vicia faba (L.), is a popular global cash crop . This plant is rich in protein with robust shoots and roots where the root system colligates associated symbiotic nitrogen-fixing rhizobacteria, adding to the value of V. faba as green manure . Having considerable biomass, along with the said symbiotic association, corroborates the applicability of broad beans as a sustainable low-cost augmented phytoremediator of copper . Moreover, V. faba has considerable tolerance to the uptake of metallic contaminants , as the plant can phytostabilise and accumulate copper in its tissues ), but that is relative to copper content in the medium . However, Cu 2+ concentrations of 0.159 g/L of CuSO4 in hydroponic culture have been reported to have a genotoxic effect on V. faba after 42-h exposure . Longer exposure to Cu 2+ from treatment with CuSO4 results in oxidative stress, disruption of uptake of other elements, and inhibition of growth . That is in addition to necrosis that occurs at