P-type semiconductors CuO and Cu2O have narrow band gaps of 1.2eV and 2eV, making them suitable for visible light-driven photocatalysis. However, their low electronic conductivity may lead to recombination of electrons and holes, hindering catalytic activity. Modifying these oxides with carbon materials can enhance their conductivity . The addition of reduced graphene oxide thermal stability, non-toxic nature, and abundant availability. However, g-C3N4 exhibits limited photocatalytic activity characterized by charge carrier recombination, low surface area, and low electrical conductivity. Therefore, modifications to pure g-C3N4 are necessary. Unlike graphene, g-C3N4 is a metal-free material with a moderate band gap of 2.7eV. Its conduction band edge makes it a practical choice for CO 2 reduction into CH 4 , CH3OH, HCHO, and HCOOH, as these reactions require a negative electrode potential .