Oxide glasses are essential materials for daily life, with applications including beverage bottles and window glass, and their high chemical durability and transparency have led to their widespread use as industrial materials. Glass materials are also candidates as solidstate electrolytes in next-generation battery materials and have attracted much attention in recent years with respect to such applications. In the medical field, biocompatible bioglasses have been used to repair bones and teeth. A borosilicate glass for immobilization of high-level radioactive nuclear waste (nuclear waste glass) requires high chemical durability, and safety assessment for long-term use has been an area of active research. Glasses of this type in practical use are multicomponent systems containing at least four or more oxide components. Nuclear waste glass consists of more than 30 oxides, including radioactive elements. To manufacture such multicomponent glasses, rational material design based on the atomic structure of the glass is required.