Researchers investigated the influence of metal ferrite NPs (MFNPs) on biohydrogen production through thermophilic dark fermentation of milk processing wastewater (MPWW). The MFNPs consist of NiFe2O4, CoFe2O4, and CuFe2O4 NPs. Chemical coprecipitation was used to create the MFNPs, which were then characterised. The characterisation results showed that the average nanocrystallite diameters of the NiFe2O4, CoFe2O4, and CuFe2O4 spinels were 25.8 nm, 33 nm, and 20.7 nm, respectively. The prepared NPs were pure and exhibited ferromagnetic properties. Mona Moradi et al. aimed to improve wastewater treatment by using spinel cobalt ferrite (SCF) NPs coupled with g-C3N4 in their UVC/persulfate technique. As a model recalcitrant pollutant, they examined the breakdown of BPA to assess how well their strategy worked. The team's investigations revealed that SCF@g-C3N4 produced practically, had more excellent photocatalytic activity and superior PS activation capabilities than either pure SCF or g-C3N4. The novel technique was also successful in treating wastewater samples that were BPA-contaminated. After five catalyst reuse cycles, the system removed more than 95% of the BPA, demonstrating the potential for SCF@g-C3N4 to be a cost-effective wastewater treatment method. The results indicate that this method can potentially intensify wastewater treatment through synergy. Wu et al. have shown that electro-peroxone, a combination of ozonation and electrolysis utilizing a carbon-polytetrafluoroethylene cathode, is an effective method for treating the growing contaminant diatrizoate (DTZ) in water. The researchers synthesized cathodic catalysts by modifying carbon nanotubes with ferrite (MFe2O4/CNTs, M: Fe, Mn). They determined that these catalysts were well-suited and showed great promise for this specific method. These results indicate that using electro-peroxide with cathodic materials and MFe2O4/CNTs catalysts is a feasible approach for breaking down DTZ in an aqueous solution. Yao et al. conducted a study on the enhancement of crystallinity, thermostability, and magnetization of γ-Fe2O3 and ferrites NCs by co-modifying them with carbon nanotubes (γ-Fe2O3/MFe2O4/CNTs, M: Co, Cu, and Mn). The purpose of this modification was to improve the capacity of the NCs to adsorb and eliminate CPX from wastewater. The presence of γ-Fe2O3 changed the way CPX is adsorbed on MFe2O4/CNTs and γ-Fe2O3/MFe2O4/CNTs. The investigation revealed that the adsorption interaction and capacity of the copper and manganese ferrite systems were governed by CNTs and γ-hematite (γ-Fe2O3). The study's results highlight the role of magnetic materials, which may be used to create identical adsorbents for environmental applications. Nadeem et al. used coal fly ash (CFA) to manufacture copper ferrite NCs. These NCs were specifically designed for photocatalytic degradation of MO dye. The researchers used hydrothermal synthesis to produce NPs of pure copper ferrite and copper ferrite NC of CFA. The NC photocatalyst demonstrated improved physicochemical properties, facilitating the effective degradation of MO, reaching a maximum of 98% under optimum conditions. Jelokhani et al. effectively produced cobalt ferrite (CF) NCs containing rGO and CNT by using the simple co-precipitation method at low temperatures. The CF-CNT NC exhibited the greatest dark adsorption capacity and best effectiveness in decomposing MB at all concentrations. The CF-CNT NC exhibited a photocatalytic efficiency of 97% under visible light, resulting in the decomposition of a 10 mg/L MB solution during a 180-minute reaction period. This effectiveness was 1.8 times higher than that of the CF-rGO NC and up to 2.5 times higher than that of pure CF NPs. Cobalt hexaferrite NPs were made by Ansari, F et al. for the first time utilising the sol-gel process and organic reducing agents (carbohydrates and pigments). According to the band gap estimate made by DRS, these goods can function as active photocatalysts. Therefore, MO degradation was examined under UV irradiation in the presence of the finished goods. The findings indicate that the graphene-based NC exhibits higher photocatalytic activity compared to both the CNT-based NC and the pure NPs. Table . Spinel metal ferrites with carbon composite-based materials are used for an effective photocatalytic and adsorption of hazardous contaminants from water. These two adsorbents have a fast magnetic response that may be separated from the solution using a magnetic field. From the experimental results of As (V) adsorption CNZF/CNTs shows higher maximum adsorption capacity than NZF. These two NCs used to remove the As (V) from the industrial effluent. Verma et al. developed magnetic MgFe2O4 NPs (MMFNPs) using the sol-gel method. Ultrasonography coated MWCNTs with these NPs to form MMF composites. Prepared materials were tested for heavy metal wastewater remediation. Cr (VI) adsorption onto as-produced MMFNC suited the Langmuir model best. MMFNC are cheap because their magnetic properties make them easy to extract from aqueous solutions. The MMFNC removed Cr (VI) ions with less than 20% efficiency loss after seven adsorption-desorption cycles. Wu et al. constructed magnetic ferrite-modified carbon nanotubes (MFe2O4/CNTs, M: Mn or Co) to remove bezafibrate (BZF) from water. From these experiments, Wu et al. observed that MnFe2O4/CNTs adsorb BZF better than CoFe2O4/CNTs. Results reveal that MFe2O4/CNTs might adsorb BZF from aqueous solutions. Luan, et al. made CuFe2O4 particles hydrothermally. These particles were added to stacked CNT membranes to remove arsenite [As (III)] from drinking water. Drinking water treatment conditions were used to evaluate the composite membrane. CuFe2O4 particles were retained by the CNT membrane and did not enter the filtered water. The composite membrane eliminated over 90% of As (III) under different solution chemical conditions. As (III) removal from drinking water is promising via the novel composite membrane. Ramaraj et al. proposed a simple hydrothermal approach for making BFO nanosheets with functionalized carbon nanofiber. Electrochemical catechol detection was also performed on the BFO NS/F-CNF NC-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). As projected, BiFeO3 NS/F-CNF/GCE has strong electrocatalytic activity and electrochemical redox responses 3.44 and 7.92 fold higher for catechol sensing. 12 Nanosheets of BFO with functionalized carbon nanofiber.