Commercial MoO3 was used for the exfoliation to synthesize a few layers of MoO3-x (Figure ) . The synthesis procedure involved the reflux of a bulk α-MoO3 at 80 °C in water for 7 days. The prepared MoO3-x nanosheets displayed infrared plasmonic properties offering localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peaks at 954 and 1160 nm due to the oxygen vacancies upon light excitation. The plasmonic properties of the nanosheets can be enhanced using visible light irradiation for only 10 min. The materials were used as photocatalysts for dye degradation under visible light irradiation . Ruthenium oxide (RuO2) with mesopore was synthesized via a surfactant-assisted procedure . The mesoporous structure of RuO2 was achieved using surfactants as a template. The materials exhibited higher catalytic oxidation activity of water using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN). This is a chemical oxidation of water using CAN as oxidant.