Since the deployment of this optimized system is a priority, our analysis primarily focuses on exploring the context in which the system is used. For the Biogenic Refinery, the treatment of mixed excreta is shown to have a lower cost with higher GHG emissions compared to the treatment of the source-separated excreta (Figure ). Specifically, the daily user cost in the mixed excreta scenario is estimated to be 0.05 USD•cap -1 •d -1 (median) with a range of 0.03 -0.09 USD•cap -1 •d -1 [hereinafter, 5 th -95 th percentiles are shown in brackets]. On the other hand, the source-separated scenario is estimated to have a user cost of 0.09 [0.07 -0.14] USD•cap -1 •d - 1 . The higher costs of the source-separated scenario are accompanied by significantly less GHG emissions over the system lifetime. The emissions from the source-separated scenario were estimated to be 18 [12 -41] kg CO2 eq•cap -1 •yr -1 , compared to 53 [30 -81] kg CO2 eq•cap -1 •yr for the mixed excreta. The trade-offs between cost and GHG for these scenarios present varying opportunities for the deployment of this OP, where mixed excreta scenario offers a lower user cost option but with higher GHG emissions.