for carbon capture and utilization of CO2 streams as flue gas containing atmospheric air because the presence of atmospheric oxygen would collapse the anaerobic microbial consortium. Meanwhile, classical CO2 capture from flue gas with chemical absorption is limited by the energy-intensive stripping unit, which also accelerates the decomposition of the solvents. In this proof-of-concept study, the biomethanation process has been integrated into an amine scrubbing process to substitute the energy-intensive and amine decomposing regeneration stripper by using the microbial catalyst as a driving force to remove the CO2 (Patent pending: 22185156.1). Hence, the utilization of CO2 from diluted CO2 sources decouples biomethanation from the spatially available concentrated CO2 sources, which would increase the application of the biomethanation technology considerably.