Heavy metals are a group of naturally occurring elements that can be found in the environment. These metals are produced through natural processes such as volcanic eruptions, rock weathering, metal corrosion, and metal evaporation from soil and water. However, with the increase in human activities, heavy metal ions (HMIs) have accumulated in our environment due to activities such as mining, industrial production, agriculture, and metallurgical processes. These activities have significantly increased the amount of HMIs in the air, drinking water, plants, animals, soil, and the earth's surface.