Unlike continuous finite-element methods, stochastic simulations allow for noise analysis on time traces such the determination of power spectral density and autocorrelation functions in the frequency and time domains, respectively. In nanofluidic electrochemistry, such spectroscopy analyses have been used to determine diffusion coefficients, adsorption, and flow . Power spectral density analysis of the simulation data is shown in Figure . Figure displays the power spectrum of particle numbers present in the area between the electrodes, revealing the 1/f 3/2 noise characteristic of Brownian motion in nanochannels. In Figure , the power spectrum of a luminescence/ photon-time trace is presented, showing white noise consistent with the random and uncorrelated nature of radical decay described in equation (