The high interest in the microbiome is particularly pertinent in diseases where immune and inflammatory mechanisms play a central role, as the microbiome may modulate both immunesuppressive and stimulatory pathways . Furthermore, microbiome-host interactions extend beyond individual organs that are vital for maintaining homeostasis and influencing disease progression . Therefore, the interrelationship between microbial communities colonizing different human surfaces provides the advantage of collecting highly informative profiles from more accessible microbiome samples in clinical contexts where pathology mostly affects less reachable organs.