As presented in Scheme 1, Müllen and co-workers proposed that a positive potential was applied to a graphite anode, and then the sp² carbon atoms of graphite were attacked by nucleophilic hydroxide ions (OH -) that were generated from water molecules. The C-OH bond and vicinal hydroxyl group formation follows reaction 1. These hydroxyl groups can then further react to form an epoxy group, reaction 2, which in turn can be oxidized into a carbonyl group, reaction 3. Interactions between carbon and water molecules result in the formation of carbon dioxide, reaction 4, while water also self-oxidizes to form oxygen gas, reaction 5. The electrolyte type is one of the most critical factors influencing the yield of graphene oxide (GO). Each electrolyte offers different oxidation capabilities, which results in varying amounts of GO production. Molten salts, ionic, and inorganic solutions are common electrolytes used in the electrochemical process for GO formation. Once a specific oxidation threshold is reached, adding more oxidizing agents does not significantly alter the composition or structure of GO. Sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), a strong proton donor (pKa = -3), is a particularly effective electrolyte as it enhances GO functionality. H 2 SO 4 is widely used in the exfoliation of graphite and GO synthesis due to its rapid exfoliation rate, the appropriate size of SO 2- 4 ions relative to the graphite interlayer distance, and the generation of SO 2 and O 2 gases, which further promote exfoliation . Wu et al. demonstrated that a low concentration of H 2 SO 4 leads to the production of few-layer graphene with low oxidation due to the rapid expansion of graphite layers caused by gas release during exfoliation. Further studies explored the impact of different acids, such as 1 M H 2 SO 4 , 1 M HClO 4 , and 1 M HNO 3 , on GO formation. GO was successfully synthesized using 1 M HClO 4 and 1 M HNO 3 , whereas no GO peak was observed with 1 M H 2 SO 4 due to the fast electrochemical exfoliation . Parvez et al. demonstrated the electrochemical exfoliation of graphite into low-oxidation graphene sheets, achieving a high yield (85%) with up to three layers and a lateral size of up to 44 µm when using inorganic salts such as (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , and K 2 SO 4 . In contrast, acidic electrolytes produced a mixture of GO and graphene with moderate quality but larger lateral sizes. As such, the oxidation degree of graphite can be controlled depending on the choice of electrolyte: inorganic salts lower the oxidation degree, while acidic solutions tend to enhance it . ) peak was seen in XRD spectrum of 1 M H2SO4 (S1), whereas the GO (001) peak was present in 1 M HClO4 (C1) and 1 M HNO3 (N1). In addition to sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) is frequently used as a cationic surfactant in the electrochemical exfoliation of graphite. CTAB assists in functionalizing graphene oxide (GO) by grafting alkyl chains onto the edges, resulting in a stable colloidal suspension. Another technique involves using a mixture of urea, acetamide, and ammonium nitrate as the electrolyte due to its high viscosity, strong intercalation potential, and slow migration speed. This method has achieved a graphene yield of up to 76%, with one to five layers, and a specific surface area of 878 m 2 /g. Ionic solutions are also preferred as electrolytes for GO synthesis due to their superior ionic conductivity and broad electrochemical potential. For instance, triethyl sulfonium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) imide has been utilized as an electrolyte, with graphite serving as the anode. The produced GO was applied in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing for the detection of Salmonella typhi. It is important to note that ionic solutions and molten salts exhibit different exfoliation mechanisms compared to aqueous electrolytes, due to the absence of water.