As explained by , the perovskites, materials with chemical formula ABX3 (A and B cations, X anion), have the specific features proper for their use in solar cells. Moreover, "the oxide perovskite semiconductors have outstanding ferroelectric characteristics" . "The first material to ever demonstrate ferroelectric capabilities is BaTiO3 [barium titanate], which is in the tetragonal phase at a temperature of about 120 °C and has a special structure known as the ABO3 perovskites crystal" . According to Parmar and coworkers. besides ferroelectricity BaTiO3 is characterized by piezoelectricity, and it possesses a high dielectric constant, and "a high band gap and low current loss". Because of these features, the material has applications "in sensors, actuators, waveguides, high-capacity computers, laser frequency doubling, nanoelectronic devices, … BaTiO3 is well suited for … ferroelectric memristors, multilayer ceramic capacitive transducers, infrared detectors, energy storage devices and various functional actuators" .