The heterogeneous mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. Following this time, the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2, transferred to a separatory funnel, and washed with one portion of saturated, aqueous Na2S2O3 solution. The organic layer was collected, dried over MgSO4, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel (specific conditions are associated with each compound). Note: quantities are given for a 1 mmol reaction and are changed appropriately with changes in scale.