From Figure , the abrasion pH and exchange pH of the mine samples from Longnan, Anyuan and Dingnan can be seen that the abrasion pH of the mine samples from all three regions is higher than the exchange pH, which is due to the combination of negatively charged clay particles with H + in water, which makes the solution OH -increase and the abrasion pH rise. The higher the abrasion pH, the stronger the hydration process of clay minerals, the more sparse the structure of the original ore in aqueous solution, and the more likely to cause soil erosion, and the loss of fine particles makes the surviving ore bodies generally exist in the form of biased large particles, which is consistent with the large granularity and less fine particles in An Yun area. The larger pH value of Dingnan exchange is due to the fact that the same ore sample with less than 20 mesh, There are more fine particles of clay distribution in the Dingnan ore sample, and the clay mineral skeleton is negatively charged and easy to combine with H + . Under the same conditions of leaching agent solution, there are more fine particles of clay distribution and more combined H + , thus the exchange pH value of Dingnan is larger. The difference is that equilibrium leaching is a single equilibrium showing the final result of exchange, while column drenching is multiple dynamic equilibrium, which can reflect the changes of the whole exchange process on the column. From Fig. , the relationship between the content of rare earth ions and the concentration of leaching agent, it can be seen that the content of leached rare earth ions is the most in Anyuan ore sample, followed by Dingnan, and the lowest in Longnan, where the amount of rare earth leached from Anyuan ore sample is about 2.5 times that of Longnan ore sample, which is different from the column leaching results. The content of the ore samples below 800 mesh was less than that of the generally larger granularity of the An Yuan ore samples. Combined with Fig. , it can be seen that the leaching of rare earth ions existed in the process of dramatic change of pH and slow change of pH in the solution, which means that H + and OH -in the solution were involved in the ion exchange between clay minerals and leaching agent at the beginning, and the pH of the solution with leaching agent did not change much during the ion exchange process afterwards, and the balance of H + and OH -was basically stable.