To optimize the μCP protocol, a failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) was utilized to assess the risk of failure at each experimental step. Each step was evaluated based on severity of the failure in impacting the results, the frequency of failure occurrence, and the difficulty of detecting failure upon occurrence, by which the product of these factors determined the overall risk priority number (RPN). Optimization of BSA-FITC targeted the high-risk steps in the protocol determined by the FMEA. For the bioink preparation, concentrations of glycerol, EDC/NHS and BSA-FITC were assessed. 0%, 0.1%, 0.25% and 0.5% glycerol concentrations, as well as EDC values of 4.5mg, 5mg and 5.5mg, and NHS values of 2.5mg, 3mg, and 3.5mg, were all assessed as contents of the bioink. The ratio of EDC/NHS: BSA-FITC solution was also varied by ratios of 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75, to determine ideal ratio for chemical crosslinking and attachment. For removal of droplets, pipette removal was assessed compared to Kim-wipe and centrifuge removal. Finally, for air drying step, various dry times were assessed, including 1min, 2min, 3min, and 4min at different humidity-controlled environment conditions of 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%. Furthermore, weight application after air drying and amount of weight, between 0 -1.5kg, were also assessed to determine ideal amount of force for physical bioink transfer. These weights were converted from kg to kPa using Equation 2. Fluorescence microscopy was conducted under FITC at exposure 300ms for LUTs of 100-350. SNR, statistical analyses and CVs were also calculated for each optimization.