and quadratic coefficients of the polynomial fit correspond to the dipole and polarizability components, respectively. While the field strengths may seem small in atomic units, they are in fact strong enough to induce an energy change over 100 kJ/mol in some cases, but not large enough to observe hyperpolarizability in the quadratic DFT fits. For AMOEBA, we used the the POLARIZE program provided in the Tinker 2022 software package which performs a similar computation based on small perturbing fields. A:U and C:G pairs were minimized with their atoms in the xy-plane at the ωB97X-V/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory with Qchem 5.3 and their molecular polarizabilities were then computed as separate nucleobases.