Here, 𝑎 𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑝 is the scaling factor for the valence shell widths that results in damping of the interaction and was set to 2 in the present work. Eq. 11 is the only difference between the present work and EMLE as described in the original publication, where the interaction with the external field was calculated using atomic point dipoles. The damping is required to avoid overpolarization of the ML region. Now, the total induction energy (including the interaction between induced dipoles and MM point charges as well as the polarization cost) can be calculated as half of the interaction between the MM point charges and the electrostatic potential formed by the induced dipoles: