Given the increasing interest in applications of chiral interlocked molecules including examples based on mechanical and co-conformationally chiral systems , as well as other exotic or hard to access mechanical stereogenic units , we anticipate these results will spur progress in the development of functional chiral interlocked systems . Finally, it should be noted that dynamic stereochemistry related to that of mechanically axially chiral catenanes and rotaxanes can also arise due to conformational and co-conformational processes , both of which have been observed but are poorly understood (Supplementary section 15). These may have potential applications as stereodynamic probes.