Cultivatable lands around the globe are increasing threatened by both biological and non-biological contaminants , endangering crop yields and food security. Therefore, it is essential to tailor the cultivation practices to the particular requirements of each seed variety to maximise yield and maintain the highest quality of agricultural products. However, traditional methods for selecting crop varieties are time-consuming and labour-intensive, often taking over six months. One of the critical factors influencing seed planting and harvesting is the accumulation of ROS during the early stage of seed germination. During this initial stage, dynamic changes in ROS level are critical for cell division and the elongation of the embryonic axis . Non-biological stressors such as drought , salinity , extreme temperature , light variations , waterlogging , mechanical forces , and chemical disturbances (like heavy metals or pesticide residues), as well as biological stressors, can cause ROS accumulation at this stage . A moderate amount of ROS can activate gene expression, helping plants adapt to adverse conditions. However, if ROS level exceeds the optimal threshold, oxidative stress occurs, causing cellular damage that can delay or even prevent seed germination. For example, in Artemisia sphaerocephala seeds, the optimal range for H2O2 concentration is between 30 and 70 mmol•L -1 . Concentrations out of this range can significantly hinder seed germination. Therefore, monitoring ROS levels during the early stage of seed germination is crucial for selecting suitable varieties under non-biological stress conditions.