To further investigate this discrepancy, kinetic simulations have been performed for varying initial HAuCl4 concentrations and electron flux densities (Figure ). Simulation results are indicated by a grid comprising of open gray rectangles. Parameters in between are interpolated cubically. The initial HAuCl4 concentration is the logical benchmark to characterize the system because it is not only an experimentally accessible parameter but also summarizes the initial pH value and the total amount of chlorine and gold present. The existence of an electron-flux threshold required for gold-particle formation is also not evident when surveying LP-TEM literature available elucidating gold reduction from pristine HAuCl4 solution . In Figure , an overview of experiments reported in literature dealing with the formation of solid-state gold in LP-TEM experiments is provided.