Products 7a-e were oils and so crystallographic structural data could not be obtained. However, the enforced nonplanarity of the anilinic nitrogen with the aromatic ring may be inferred from the 13 C NMR shift of the para-carbon to the nitrogen, as demonstrated by Zakrzewska. The values for 7a, b and d are shown in Figure : the value of 118.1 ppm for the largest ring system 7d indicates a largely planar structure (cf. 115.1 ppm for N,N-dibutylaminobenzene and 118.9 ppm for Nphenylpiperidine