Interestingly, an incidental, statistically significant increase in the activity was observed for 2Ala compared to the other salts. Like in the case of S. granarius, many of the quinine-based QAS obtained were characterized by at least good antifeedant properties and showed significantly better activity toward khapra beetle larvae compared to quinine hydrochloride (T = 59). Interestingly, quinine in the form of the free base also demonstrated significantly better activity toward khapra beetle (T = 121) compared to the hydrochloride formsuch discrepancies between the selected reference substances were not observed for the other species tested.