UAVs have some of the highest specific power requirements and a moderate mix of energy, safety, cost, and cycle life requirements. Lithium polymer batteries are typically used for UAV applications due to their high specific power. One example is a Venom TM quadcopter lithium-polymer (LiPO) battery which achieves a specific discharge power of 8713 W kg -1 , excluding housing . This at least several times that of the LTO, LFP, LMO, NMC, and NCA chemistries; however, the specific energy is lower than most lithium-ion batteries, 116 Wh kg -1 excluding housing. Typically, charge power is lower than the discharge power, resulting in longer time to full charge .