The α-relaxation, also known as "structural relaxation" or "global relaxation", which the vitrification theory is based, represents the slowest dynamic process in glasses on the timescale of seconds to months, which is strongly temperature and viscosity dependent and involves highly cooperative reorientation via translational and rotational movement of whole molecules. These relaxations are crucial for highly coordinated reorientation within a substance. In essence, the vitrification hypothesis suggests that when a system transforms into a glassy state, it becomes considerably more stable due to the significantly restricted molecular mobility in that state in which the protein is immobilized in a rigid and amorphous glassy sugar matrix. As degradation processes rely on molecular mobility, the limited molecular motion in the glassy state leads to a lowered rate of degradation. Consequently, when the system remains below the glass transition temperature, it behaves primarily as a solid, exhibiting a substantially reduced degradation rate. Aside from slow relaxation, there are local high-frequency dynamics often referred to as the "fast dynamics of glasses". These dynamics involve collective motions on small length scales, occurring on timescales of a nanosecond or less. The fastest βfast relaxation occurs on a timescale of picoseconds and is associated with intra-and inter-molecular collisions. Johari-Goldstein β (βJG, also known as βslow), was mostly discussed and considered as another dynamic index to probe the protein stability in the solid state. Johari and Goldstein made a significant discovery by identifying secondary relaxation in glasses of rigid molecules in 1970. They concluded that certain types of secondary relaxations must involve rearrangements in the orientation and position of one or more molecules within a localized region. Subsequently, such relaxation was named "JG β relaxation" after these authors. The slow βJG relaxation occurs typically on a timescale of microseconds to milliseconds and is associated with small amplitude twisting or crankshaft-like motions, such as the rotational motion of a methyl group or a polymer side chain. It is widely recognized that βJG relaxation serves as a precursor to α-relaxation, which exhibits a slower dynamic as a result of an increase in cooperativity. It has been well held that high-frequency βrelaxations govern the local mobility and are temperature-independent. Although such β relaxation processes may not be the dominant factor at temperatures near or above Tg, their importance is much more emphasized at temperatures below Tg due to their relatively low activation energy. In addition, these relaxations were considered to have a notable effect in limiting the transport of small molecules that may lead to protein aggregation in glasses. That is, by slowing β dynamic processes, diffusive motions of small reactive species such as oxygen and water in glasses can be restricted.