The description of solvent effects on molecular properties has been one important application of FDE for many years (see, e.g., Refs. 6, 155-159). Typically, in such studies one performs molecular dynamics simulations using classical force fields or ab initio molecular dynamics to generate a sufficiently large number of structural snapshots. For each of these snapshots, one then uses FDE to calculate the molecular property of interest for the solvated molecule (ρ I ) in the presence of the frozen solvent density (ρ II ). This frozen density ρ II is typically obtained as a sum of the electron densities of the isolated solvent molecules, possibly after partial relaxation in freeze-and-thaw cycles. The results for all snapshots are subsequently averaged. Recent examples of such studies can be found in Refs. 143,160-164 (see Fig. ). It is worth noting that such a protocol can also be applied in combination with a treatment of the solute with wavefunction methods (WFT-in-DFT embedding, see Section 6.6) and that it can be combined with a (polarizable) force-field description of the outer solvent shells .