The novel μF/mnESI approach produced 1270 annotated lipids, contrasting with the 752 annotations obtained from the AF/ESI lipidomics data. The μF/mnESI lipid maps (tR vs m/z) featured a notably higher number of sterols (38 CEs vs. 4 in AF/ESI), which formed an easily recognizable cluster (Fig. ). Four additional lipid subclasses were only detected and unambiguously annotated by μF/mnESI: monoacylglycerols (MG, n = 9), monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDG and ether MGDG, n = 3), digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDG, n =3) and sitosterol esters (SISE, n = 12). In addition, a significantly higher number of oxidized triacylglycerols (oxTG) was detected (79 vs. 5 in AF/ESI). Comprehensive data can be consulted in Tables and. Considering a 15-fold reduction in injected material, an effective gain of 2-4 times in peak areas was achieved for compounds such as the majority of phospholipids and triglycerides (Fig. ), in line with our observations with lipid standards. A gain factor of 10-to >260-fold for specific lipid classes was observed, as demonstrated by CE 22:6, CE 22:5 and CE 18:2, unambiguously annotated with both setups (Fig. ). However, the µF/mnESI configuration displayed increased peak broadening, which negatively affected the separation of isomers among polar lipids (Fig. ) but was less pronounced for neutral lipids (Fig. ). As previously discussed, differences in adduct formation patterns were also confirmed by the biological sample analysis. Only 6.5% (82) of lipids were detected as multiple ions in µF/mnESI, while the AF/ESI approach returned 25.9% (195) of such annotations (Fig. ).