The most striking and new result was observed using carboxyl-end derivative of PNIPAM: PNIPAM-COOH (MW: 10kDa, 2-5%) co-dispersed with PEG (10%) in 1-octanol. The pH of the continuous phase was increased with NaOH (1M, 50 µL in 2 mL PVA) to deprotonate PNIPAM-COOH. Then, the hot oily phase was poured inside this basic aqueous PVA as above. The resultant emulsion showed very bright droplets by dark field microscopy with multiple smaller darker droplets within (figure and). This suggests that multiple core double emulsion formed in this case, and that the deprotonated PNIPAM-COO -derivative helped stabilizing aqueous droplets within oil when they formed upon water diffusion. To our knowledge, this finding is new and shows that PNIPAM-COOH could be used for stabilizing W/O emulsions (further works are in progress on this issue). The scale bar is 20 µm for both images, and 5 µm for the inset figure A. Similar images were observed when using epifluorescence microscopy with Nile red dispersed in 1-octanol (not shown).