Conducting detailed process design, evaluation and optimization of DAC solutions refers to the need for conducting detailed process designs and evaluation taking into account auxiliary process elements (not only the capture and release of CO 2 ), such as fans/blowers used for enabling the flow of atmospheric air through the air contactor, and transport phenomena and rate processes, such as momentum, mass and heat transfer. Such models will enable the extraction of more accurate insights from process optimization and the use of advanced process performance indicators (e.g., CO 2 productivity, capital and operational expenditure, net CO 2 removal efficiency) for the selection of both optimal materials and processes.