To overcome these challenges, microstreaming induced by an oscillating microbubble can be utilized. The streaming patterns of the microbubble can be switched from in-plane to out-of-plane streaming via altering the excitation frequency, allowing for controlled threedimensional rotations of cells and organisms, as well as microfluidic applications including pumping or mixing. Due to its high compressibility and the corresponding strong oscillations, the microvortices produced by acoustically-activated microbubbles are significantly enhanced compared to the ones caused through the vibration of solid structures. However, the major drawback of microbubbles is their limited temporal stability. If acoustically excited, rectified diffusion leads to the bubble's growth, which alters its resonance frequency and by that the strength and shape of the vortices. This process can be decelerated using commercially available encapsulated bubbles; however, the instability of the thin polymer membrane of encapsulated bubbles complicates their application for longterm investigations. Lastly, as microbubbles are prone to be trapped in cavities due to hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions, their dimensions show slight variations between multiple experiments, making it difficult to predict their precise response to acoustic excitation and preventing their use for clinical applications.