Since the flow velocity is constant, Bernoulli's principle indicates that the pressure difference between the outlet and inlet, Δp (Pa), and the city elevation, z (m), should be considered for the required energy. Δp alleviates the energy needed because the atmospheric pressure is lower on the outlet side than on the inlet side due to the elevation of the city. Therefore, the required energy for pumping and transporting water, Etranspoert (kWh/day), was estimated using the following equation -101325