CIs of miscanthus production were obtained for 36 U.S. states from Fan et al. (2024). Fan et al. estimated the CI of miscanthus production across the rainfed U.S. using DayCent to account for spatially-varying growing conditions and weather and region-specific historical cultivation practices (detailed further in the Supporting Information for ). The DayCent model used parameters including precipitation, fertilizer application, land cover, and land management to calculate miscanthus yield, changes in soil organic carbon (SOC), and in-field greenhouse gas emissions associated with chemical inputs. The miscanthus CI was calculated as the sum of SOC change and in-field and upstream (scope 3) emissions associated with chemical inputs (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers; herbicides; and fuel) divided by miscanthus yield.