First, the control wells on the microplate were filled from the untreated enzyme solution in the Schlenk flask. Then the air was then gently removed from the Schlenk flask with a manual vacuum pump. None of the liquid containing the enzyme was visibly removed when the air was removed. The Schlenk flask was subsequently attached to a source of research-grade 99.999% xenon gas (Advanced Specialty Gases: Reno, NV), and xenon gas was added to a pressure of approximately 10 psi above atmospheric pressure.