For comparison, conducting the same number of simulations on a single CPU core with the LB code at a speed of 10 million lattice units per second (MLUPS) would require almost 42 billion timesteps, equating to over 770 years-a timeframe that is clearly impractical to achieve. The minimal total nMSE found to be 0. The standard deviation (SD), representing the error bar, was calculated as the square root of the variance (Eq. ( )). The error bars intersect with the total nMSE curve at