In conclusion, innovative technologies such as plasma technology, digital textile printing with biodegradable inks, and microbial dyeing are at the forefront of eco-friendly dyeing research. These advancements hold promise for significantly reducing the environmental impact of textile dyeing processes while maintaining or enhancing dyeing efficiency. Microbial dyeing, in particular, offers solutions to the main problems of natural dye extraction by providing consistent quality, simpler processes, and the use of renewable resources. Despite their potential, challenges such as high initial costs, technical complexities, and scalability issues need to be addressed. Continued research and development are essential to overcome these barriers and facilitate the broader adoption of these sustainable dyeing technologies.