Having identified some of the prominent waste streams in the region, we can now apply the five criteria outlined in Table in Section 2.1 to characterize and evaluate them, as per aim (a). A total of 2.6 million tons of biowaste is generated in Singapore per annum with an overall recycling rate of 45 %, see values for 2019 in Table . Note, that recycled material in the NEA statistics also accounts for cogeneration of steam and energy for chemical industries and for co-digestion with water sludge for biogas production. Material used in Waste to Energy (WtE)