Electrical energy storage devices have proven to be key in the transition from conventional fossil fuels because they can efficiently store the electricity generated from renewable sources, helping to mitigate climate change. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are among the most promising electrochemical energy storage devices due to their superior performance compared to other conventional rechargeable batteries, widespread use in portable electronics, and potential for the development of long-range electric vehicles. However, current state-of-the-art of LIBs presents significant development bottlenecks in terms of efficiency and raw materials availability. For instance, transition metal oxide cathode materials have energy density limitations that are constrained by their specific capacities (e.g., ~140 mAh g -1 for LiCoO2). In addition, the large-scale production of these materials is limited by their reduced resources availability and raises serious environmental concerns. Several critical elements used in LIBs, such as cobalt, would inevitably face supply shortages in the near future and raise some environmental and ethical concerns. Electroactive organic materials have long been proposed as alternatives to inorganic electrodes due to their tuneable electrochemical performance, resource availability, environmental friendliness, and flexibility. They are composed of abundant elements (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, etc.) and may have higher specific capacities than those of conventional inorganic electrodes. In addition, some organic electrodes can be obtained from biomass and recycled. However, one of the main limitations of organic electrode materials (especially small organic molecules) is their high solubility in the electrolyte, resulting in rapid capacity fading. An efficient strategy to overcome such solubility issues is to covalently bind electroactive monomers to form organic polymers, which are normally insoluble in aqueous and organic electrolytes. After their discovery in the late 1970s, many conductive polymers were explored as electrodes in lithium metal-organic batteries, and even some companies (Bridgestone-Seiko and Varta/BASF) developed commercial batteries based on poly(pyrrole) and poly(aniline) as active electrode materials. Nevertheless, such polymer-based batteries were quickly discontinued due to self-discharge issues and poor performance compared to lithium-ion batteries, which were commercialised by Sony in 1991. After a period where organic electrodes received less attention, the discovery of organic radical batteries and the bright future for organic batteries vaticinated by Armand and Tarascon in 2008 revived the field with a remarkable progress in the last 15 years. New materials, including electroactive porous organic polymers, and novel redox-active moieties beyond the well-known organic radicals, carbonyl, and organosulfur compounds have been extensively investigated for different types of batteries in recent years. In addition, sophisticated operando and ex-situ characterisation techniques have been developed to further investigate charge storage mechanisms in organic compounds, whereas machine learning methods are also accelerating the identification and discovery of promising organic electrodes. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of crystalline porous polymers composed of organic building blocks linked by strong covalent bonds. Their great chemical and structural versatility makes them potentially interesting for a wide range of applications, including gas sorption and separation, (photo)catalysis or sensing, among others. In particular, layered 2D COFs have received much attention towards electronics and energy applications, as their physical properties In this Feature article, we provide an overview of recent design strategies to improve the electrochemical performance of COF electrode materials for metal-ion batteries within the context of the organic batteries field. In particular, we discuss some principles for the molecular design of COF cathodes in LIBs to increase both the energy and power densities. We also highlight the need to optimise the COFs processing, electrode and electrolyte composition from a materials engineering point of view. Some other aspects such as cycling stability, scalability and recyclability are also considered. Finally, the main challenges and future prospects for COF electrode materials for rechargeable batteries are highlighted.