Thus, the nanostructure of acetylated wood has much less room for solutes to diffuse, and (A) Within the simulated model with the "constant" simulation approach, we identify water molecules in the bulk that are at least 5 Å away from cell wall biopolymers. The fraction and size of these bulk water pockets clearly is reduced as acetylation increases within the secondary cell wall. (B) The evolution of these pockets of bulk water over the 1000 ns is visualized using a time series at each acetylation degree. In this panel, we are again measuring the percent of the total water that is at least 5 Å away from any cell wall biopolymer atoms. As a reminder, the first 50 ns of the trajectory is considered equilibration, and is marked in gray. very few water highways along which ions or other solutes could hitch a ride deep into the secondary cell wall.