where ⟨...⟩ Trajs indicates an average over the ensemble of all possible simulation trajectories with initial phase-space coordinates x 0 taken from some allowed set (often with the same positions). Var Trajs (⟨A⟩ [n 0 ,N ] ), Bias Trajs (⟨A⟩ [n 0 ,N ] ), and SD Trajs (⟨A⟩ [n 0 ,N ] ) denote the variance, bias, and standard deviation of ⟨A⟩ [n 0 ,N ] over the ensemble of trajectories. The (well known) full derivation of Equation 5 is given in Section S1. Explicitly, the expected bias and variance over the ensemble of trajectories are