However, an in-vitro study confirmed that tipiracil can inhibit uracil binding to the NSP15 active site presumably through competitive inhibition and modestly suppress SARS-CoV-2 viral replication in cellular assays . Cluster A includes six pyrimidine analogues that are currently used as viral inhibitors: HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors-zidovudine and stavudine, HBV DNA polymerase inhibitor-telbivudine, and HSV DNA polymerase inhibitors-brivudine, edoxudine, and trifluridine (Table and Figure ). The other two drugs in cluster A, tipiracil and floxuridine , are anticancer drugs that have antiviral properties. All these pyrimidine analogues are polymerase inhibitors, which is a major class of antiviral drugs. These results support using NSP15's pharmacophore features to identify potential antiviral compounds containing a pyrimidine-like scaffold and further development of nucleotide-like drugs with higher affinity for the active site of NSP15. Recent studies demonstrated that tyrosine kinase inhibitors have antiviral potential through inhibition of key kinases required for viral entry and reproduction . Thus, repurposing receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors is an effective strategy in the fight against COVID-19 22 . Our pharmacophore model successfully identified four tyrosine kinase inhibitors with antiviral activity in cluster G, the binding affinities of which are high. Dasatinib, an approved drug for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), has activity against both MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV in vitro and possible protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection . EGFR inhibitor gefitinib has demonstrated in vitro activity against HCV, BKV, CMV, and VACV (Figure ). Lapatinib was just recently found to potently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication at clinical doses, strongly supporting our screening result .