Competition for Access to Low-Carbon Energy. Availability of low-carbon energy sources is crucial for DAC deployment. DACCS at scale will likely compete with other industries and with households for access to low-carbon energy, creating challenges in prioritizing access. Additionally, as shown from our harmonized TEA results, powering a DAC system with a carbon intensive grid electricity mix would alter the cost of net-removed tons of CO 2 significantly, even if the net removal efficiency of the DAC unit is high and negative emissions are achieved.