To evaluate the performance of 1 as phosphate uniporter or symporter, Cl -was replaced by gluconate, whose high polarity impedes its transport, and NMDGH + with K + . When both 1 and the K + transporter valinomycin (V) were added, efficient phosphate transport was observed (Figure , purple curve), which can be attributed to H2PO4 -uniport by 1 combined with K + transport by V. pBOH2] + at 615 nm upon excitation at 322 nm with a time-gate applied. Transport was initiated by adding a 25 mM phosphate pulse after 2 min and the LUVs were lysed after 50 min using Triton X-100; c) 31 P NMR spectra recorded 1h after the addition of NaH2PO4 to the exterior of LUVs with 1-3 preincorporated in the lipid bilayer (1 mol%) in NaCl at pH 5. Before recording the spectra, the paramagnetic agent MnSO4 was added and trimethylphosphate was used as external reference (3.7 ppm).