The potential to increase the liquid gas ratio to 13:1, and the gas residence time promises a higher CO2 dissolution and permanent sequestration in ZAP-C 3 RED reactor in phase 1. The overall efficiency of ZAP-C 3 can significantly improve in phase 3 wherein the unreacted CO2 escaping the reactor described herein is captured and permanently sequestered in a second reactor, creating a multi-tier system.