Whereas the power law model by contains ten unknown parameters, the mass action kinetics models by and contain 23 and 30 parameters, respectively. The parameter increase is a consequence of the mechanistic incorporation of signaling factor effects. As a result, the mass action kinetics approach helps determine the importance of signaling factors within a specific study and how changes in their levels alter the bone remodeling cycle. The caveat of this approach is that more parameters can lead to overfitting to limited data. The mass action kinetics approach is also more computationally complex and expensive, limiting its use in larger multiscale models of biological systems.