The antimicrobial activity of the 16 peptides was examined using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)-approved MIC assay with broth microdilution method. Briefly, the microorganisms were cultured on Tryptone Soya Agar (TSA) and incubated overnight for 18-21 hours at 37 °C. Three to five bacterial colonies were obtained from the agar plate and inoculated into an Eppendorf tube containing 1 mL of cation-adjusted Muller-Hinton broth (caMHB). The bacterial suspension was adjusted to achieve a turbidity equivalent to 0.1 OD600 or 0.5 MacFarland, containing 1.5 × 10 8 colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL, which was then further diluted in 1:150 in caMHB to reach a final bacterial concentration of 1 × 10 CFU/mL. The peptide was prepared in 1:2 serial dilution in a 96-well polypropylene microplate, with a starting concentration of 200 µg/mL and decreasing to 0.78 µg/mL. 50 µl of 1 × 10 6 CFU/mL bacteria was added into each well containing of equal volume of peptide. The MIC values, defined as the lowest concentration of the antimicrobial agent that inhibits any visible bacterial growth, were determined after 24 hours of incubation with treatment.