Here, the competitiveness was examined by creating a comparative analysis of the expected energy consumption of carbon capture and utilization routes in the production of renewable CH4 from flue gas using either conventional amine scrubbing or the biomediated approach (Figure ). The most energy intensive element of amine scrubbing is the heat requirements for the regeneration of the capture agent, and only to a lesser extend the downstream CO2 compression. The energy requirements for amine scrubbing were reported in the range of 2 to 6 GJ t -1 CO2 depending on the applied lean solvent loading, the amine solvent concentration, the stripper operating pressure and reboiler temperature . Of these, an average energy requirement of pilot amine scrubbers of 3.56 GJ t -1 CO2 was used as a reference to compare conventional amine scrubbing with consecutive biomethanation utilization . The electricity demand for auxiliaries as pumps and blowers (excluding CO2 compression) for the amine scrubber was reported to be within the range of 0.09 to 0.13 GJ t -1 CO2 59 , which only constituted 3.2% of the total energy consumption for amine scrubbing (including CO2 compression). Furthermore, the conventional carbon capture with amine scrubbing may require additional processing of the CO2 gas by compression to facilitate transport and storage if the utilization unit are located at a decentralized plant. Compression work for pressurizing CO2 generally consume 0.32 to 0.43 GJ t -1 CO2 60 , but have not been included in this comparison between the two technologies. The energy expenditure for biomethanation is here assumed to be the same for both carbon capture technologies. The profitability of biomethanation are mainly challenged by the expenditures to the renewable H2 feedstock produced by water electrolysis . The expenditures for H2 are dominated by the prices for renewable electricity and system efficiencies for water electrolysis. Accordingly, benchmarked alkaline electrolyzers are reported to demonstrate system power consumption in the range of 4.5-7.0 kWh m -3 H2 . Considering an alkaline electrolyzer with a system efficiency of 66.6%LHV would provide a system power demand of 4.5 kWh m -3 H2, which result in an energy consumption of 32.98 GJ for producing H2 equivalent to convert one ton of CO2 through biomethanation. The performance of biomethanation reactors is generally limited by the H2 gas-liquid mass transfer rate, which can be improved through reactors designs and operation parameters . The microbial mediated carbon capture and utilization with amine scrubbing recirculates large volumes of CO2 rich capture agent, here passing through a CSTR biomethanation reactor.