These findings present the specific trade-offs in deployment that need to be considered beyond only the magnitude of costs and GHG emissions. For both scenarios, it is observed that the operation and maintenance of the OP is a critical driver to total user cost; whereas the contribution from capital cost of the OP are much lower because it distributed over a relatively large number of users (i.e., 12,000 people) over the system lifetime (i.e., 20 yr). Parameters that are major contributors to the total costs or emissions are those that do not benefit from economies of scale or are not distributed over the number of users (e.g., the frontend, transport, and operation and maintenance of the OP). The necessary costs related to transport and operation can be viewed as beneficial since these create jobs which can stimulate the local economy. Although the pit latrines had highly variable operating costs and GHG emissions, they are commonly used in many parts of the world and may already have existing infrastructure for emptying; thus, the OP could be integrated without the need to widespread frontend construction in such contexts.