Bulk-sensitive XAS measurements were conducted for a set of 16 quasi in-situ samples in order to complement the surf ace-sensitive XPS measurements. The X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) provides estimates f or the oxidation stateparticularly the contribution of oxide phasesas well as the local geometry around the X-ray absorbing atom. The extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) is determined by backscattering of the electron-wave created at the X-ray absorbing atom; it provides bond distances and coordination numbers of the backscattering atoms in the f irst 3-5 coordination shells around the X-ray absorbing atom. Since XAS of (inter)metallic phases such as alloys tend to suffer from reabsorption effects and show very strong FT amplitudes for the metallic back scatterers, potentially hiding shells of lighter atoms (e.g., oxygen) or low amounts of other atoms (e.g., In or Sn), efforts have been made in careful data evaluation and thoroughly modeling the data, resulting in a total of almost 180 f it models in EXAFS (see SI f or details). With this comprehensive approach, we address the following (interrelated) questions from the XAS-perspective: