Another representative work was proposed by Jiang et al. . Considering the domino effect within the industrial area, the concept of vulnerability was re-defined as: "when the tank area is subject to the disturbance of various hazard factors (natural disasters, human error, terrorist attacks, etc.), the tank has an inherent property which may cause the escalation of accidents due to the material hazards; the distribution of tanks; the lack of emergency response, etc." The interactions of various physical effects caused by multi-hazard coupling scenarios were modeled by three specific criteria: "strong coupling", "weak coupling", and "zero coupling". On this basis, a tank vulnerability evaluation indicator system was established from the perspectives of "availability" and "effectiveness". However, as we mentioned in Section 5.2, a large amount of detailed data is required to perform indicator-based methods. The lack of basic research makes reliable data sources very scarce . In addition, such static methods cannot capture the spatiotemporal evolution of multi-hazard coupling scenarios in CPI.