Consequently, the solidification growth mode of non-metallic systems is primarily characterized by step growth or spiral growth, accompanied by the formation of disc-shaped nuclei at the interface . We speculate that the energy barrier associated with this nucleation process primarily contributes to ∆E tran -∆E diff , and this process is not influenced by the water content. Therefore, our simulations prove that the reduction of the transition barrier by water molecules corresponds to the lowering of the ion diffusion barrier at the B/Y interface.