The kinetic model is highly dependent on both the coverage prefactor and the chosen activation energy. Improvements would likely require a more detailed study of the various parameters and their delicate balance. Considering that our Monte Carlo simulation samples the thermodynamic limit, it is likely to overestimate the impact of site-blocking. Therefore, it might be desirable to use alternative computational methods to help balance kinetic and thermodynamic aspects. Nevertheless, our approach gives convincing results and offers a solid foundation for understanding ORR overpotential. To further refine our model, future work could explore a broader range of parameters, improve the assumptions made about the activation energies, and more importantly, perform additional sampling with fine-tuned forcefields. Such enhancements would help to understand the precise nature and relative weight of the various factors in Equation .