The effect of pH on browning rates was examined using catechol and Pi buffer at fixed final concentrations of 15.6 mM and 50 mM, respectively. The pH was varied in increments of 0.2 units from 7.0 to 8.0. All components were pre-warmed to 37 °C, and reactions were initiated by adding catechol, resulting in a final well volume of 200 L. Browning was monitored at 340 nm over 190 min, with absorbance readings recorded at 10-min intervals.