General procedure for flow chemistry. The ABS-SO3H or ABS(CF)-SO3H printed catalyst was clamped down, and Teflon screw caps with Teflon lines connected to each side. The reaction solvent was pumped into the printed catalyst until solvent collection occurred in a receiving flask. If heating is needed for the conversion, 1 cm heating tape was wrapped around the catalyst cartridge -with a wire thermocouple -and the cartridge was heated. The reactant was dissolved in 10-25 mL of the solvent, drawn into a 50 mL glass syringe, and the syringe was mounted in the syringe pump. The solution was pumped into the printed catalyst at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/h. Once all the solution was pumped into the printed catalyst, 10 mL of the reaction solvent was drawn into the same syringe and pumped into the system at the same flow rate. The eluted solution was then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. Flash chromatography was performed as needed.