where 𝑀 is the number of beads, 𝑅 !" is the relative distance between the centre of the bead i and the centre of the bead j, and 𝐹(𝑞) is the bead form factor, which mirrors the scattering intensities of individual beads. There are several approaches to calculating 𝐹(𝑞), among these, the singlebead approximation (SBA) proposed by Yang et al. , has proven to be one of the most computationally streamlined, fast, but dependable. According to SBA: