where 𝐶 and 𝐷 are concordant and discordant pairs, respectively, and 𝑇 𝑑𝑜𝑐𝑘 and 𝑇 𝑒𝑥𝑝 are the number of ties in the docking scores and experimental binding affinities data, respectively. Similar to Spearman, if the data is perfectly monotonic with respect to each other, then 𝜏 𝐵 = 1. An important distinction between Spearman and Kendall is that the latter accounts for ties in the data. This is particularly relevant in binding assays where compound activities may exceed the limit of quantification (LOQ).