The high concentration of glutamic acid observed in arthropod hemolymph in this study is consistent with findings from previous research . This amino acid is essential for cellular survival, proliferation, and metabolism . While noted alanine as the predominant amino acid in the giant freshwater prawn, its concentration increased following exposure to varying salinity levels. The glutamic acid dominance in beetles observed in this study aligns with results from Ademola et al. ( ), who reported it as the most abundant amino acid in five insect samples (bee brood, soldier termite, snout beetle larva, and pupa).