We conducted EIS measurements for the bare and modified electrodes in 1 x PBS buffer using the WaveDriver 100 Bipoteniostat/Galvanostat (Pine Research Instrumentation, Durham, NC). We applied the sinusoidal waveform of 5 mV amplitude from 100 kHz to 1 Hz on the Aftermath software (Pine Research Instrumentation, Durham, NC) and collected data using the Aftermath software. Equivalent circuit modelling was also performed in this software.