Next to hydrate formation dynamics, thermodynamic equilibrium between the gas, hydrate, and water phase plays a crucial role in HBCC, as it relates the process conditions with the mole fractions of CO 2 in the feed, the process and regenerated gas, thus affecting both capital and operational expenditures. Since pressure is one of the largest cost drivers, the majority of studies center on shifting equilibrium to lower pressures by employing thermodynamic promoters, i.e. chemical additives that are integrated into the crystal structure of the hydrate for increased stability . This is of critical importance when dealing with feed gas that is already lean in CO 2 , e.g., gas emanating from the combustion of fossil fuels. For instance, adding minute amounts of 1-3 mol% of the thermodynamic promoter tetrahydrofuran to a CO 2 -N 2 -liquid water system with 18 mol% of CO 2 can reduce the pressure requirement for hydrate formation from 72 bar to less than 2 bar . While the pressure reduction is a major advantage for HBCC , the utilization of thermodynamic promoters often deteriorates capture capacity by substituting CO 2 with promoter molecules in the crystal lattice . Besides, at non-optimal concentrations these promoters can also negatively affect capture efficiency and selectivity by shifting equilibrium composition in the hydrate more towards N 2 . Moreover, although promoters can be effective even at low concentrations , their use invariably incurs additional chemical costs and, in many instances, impacts environmental benignity .