The extinction coefficient is affected by the nanoparticle's size, shape, elemental composition, and surface modifications. For instance, anisotropic gold nanoparticles, such as nanocages, nanoshells, and nanostars, exhibit enhanced visual detection primarily due to their high extinction coefficient . Out of different morphologies of gold nanoparticle systems, gold nanostars represent a more promising nanoplatform than other nanoparticle morphologies for enhancing the performance of colorimetric LFIA assays. This advantage primarily stems from the strong localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the nanostars, resulting in exceptionally high molar extinction coefficients, which further enhance their optical brightness in colorimetric LFIA assays . Additionally, their larger surface area, characterized by a spherical core with multiple protruding spikes, significantly enhances antibody conjugation efficiency, thereby improving LFIA assay performance . For example, our recent work demonstrated that sharpspiked gold nanostars and bimetallic gold nanostars provide enhanced colorimetric sensitivity compared to conventional gold nanosphere-based colorimetric LFIA . Although anisotropic gold nanoparticles demonstrate promising colorimetric LFIA sensitivity, their detection limit remains in the ng/mL range. Therefore, further improvements are needed to enhance LFIA sensitivity for detecting ultra-low analyte concentrations.