o Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are tiny vesicles composed of lipids that can encapsulate nucleic acids, such as mRNA or small interfering RNA (siRNA), protecting them from degradation and facilitating cellular uptake. LNPs are widely used for delivering RNA-based CRISPR components and have been proven effective in recent mRNA vaccines. Protects RNA, facilitates uptake, low immunogenicity, potential toxicity at high doses.