Preparation of cathode material End-of-life cells (EoL) were obtained via the disassembly of a Gen 1 Nissan Leaf (2011 model, 40,000 miles prior to disassembly) (EoL). The pouch cells were safely removed, cycled to gather other experimental data, and discharged prior to disassembly. The cells were manually disassembled inside a ducted fume hood to separate the anode and cathode sheets which are graphite and blended LMO/Ni-rich LO, respectively. Further details of the teardown procedure has been reported by Marshall et al . The open circuit voltages of the used cells was 2.7 V. The cathode sheets were washed in diethyl carbonate (Sigma, 99%) and dried in a fume hood. The recycling and regeneration process is illustrated in Figure . The aluminium current collector was dissolved using a 10 wt% solution of sodium hydroxide (Sigma, 97%). The cathode material was filtered, washed and dried at 70°C.