Pure iron is not sufficiently strong or hard enough for practical applications. It is, therefore, often mixed with other elements in small quantities in order to improve their properties such as mechanical strength and corrosion resistant. When a small amount of carbon is added into the iron matrix, it becomes steels with enhanced strength and hardness. The standard chemical composition of steel contains 90-95 % of iron, ˂ 4.5 % of carbon, and other trace elements such as manganese, silicon, phosphorus, and sulphur. Carbon atoms mainly occupy interstitial sites within the iron lattice, distorting the lattice and hindering dislocation movements, which increases the strength of steel. Carbon steels are popular, accounting for approximately 90%