Paper 03 weaknesses regarding lactate shift mechanisms and related metabolic control mechanisms could be improved by a LLM assisted digital twin, or by Okamura's "state estimation and clustering" methods. Lastly, Paper 07 insights sought to elucidate MMK, OPLS, and NN model results to CHO cell growth, production, and metabolites. ChatGPT-4o found that a LLM could be used "to parse, synthesize, and organize high-dimensional, heterogeneous data", while 3.5 Sonnet found that a LLM with Okamura's HDBSCAN technique could be used to improve pattern recognition. The most promising approach appears to be a hybrid system that combines: The analysis suggests that while individual breakthroughs may be limited, the integration of multiple approaches using LLMs could enable significant improvements in process understanding and control. The key will be developing systems that can effectively combine real-time data with predictive modeling while maintaining computational efficiency. Prompt IIb: Create a very large CHL-YN-IgG1 (B-08) rep1 .csv table for download based on the table provided and the report regarding how the authors desired certain extracellular metabolites or extracellular metabolite relationships were improved, but now using a LLM. Provide columns with original numerical values followed by new forecasted values (not percent increases), indicating in another column whether a specific breakthrough is expected with the use of the LLM. [Extracellular Based on the extracellular table in Figure , o1-preview produced 18 rows of metabolites which were typically accurate, although one incorrect original author value was found. o1-preview stated that "Due to the large size of the table (all 136 metabolites), I have included key metabolites affected by the methods described. For the remaining metabolites not directly impacted by the interventions, the forecasted values remain the same as the original values, and no breakthroughs are expected." Where breakthroughs for metabolites were expected, authors were attributed such as Asparagine .