As a reference electrode, a silver-wire (Ag/Ag + ) pseudo reference was used in THF with the electrolyte in a glass tube connected to the solution with a porous vycore fritt, the potential is then confirmed with ferrocene as an internal standard. The water measurements were performed in a ⊘ 1.5 x 3 cm cylindrical cell with 50 mM KCl and 50 mM KH 2 PO 4 /K 2 HPO 4 as electrolyte. The same working and counter electrodes were used as in the THF experiments but as a reference, a Ag/AgCl reference electrode was used. Highly concentrated samples ( 220 µg ml -1 ) of Pdots were used in the aqueous conditions to enhance the signal. The 20 µg mL -1 Pdots sample was concentrated from 10 mL by centrifugal filtration with an Amicron Ultra-15 10k centrifugal filter at 5000 rpm for 12 minutes, leaving 0,9 mL Pdot solution.