Despite the massive advantages LSBs offer, significant challenges must be still overcome to ensure their seamless industrial integration. Both S8 and Li2S exhibit intrinsically poor ionic and electronic conductivities, which lead to poor discharge/charge performances. Just as importantlythe discharge products of LSBs include highly soluble lithium polysulfides (Li2Sn, 2 ≤ n ≤ 8), which, besides being lost during battery cycling operation with a concomitant capacity loss, can diffuse through the porous separator and detrimentally react with the lithium anode. This process, known as the shuttle effect, results in the loss of active sulfur and leads to rapid capacity fading and poor cycling stability. Furthermore, the high reactivity of sulfur and the polysulfide intermediates can cause severe electrode corrosion, leading to electrode dissolution, and a decrease in the battery's overall capacity and lifespan. Moreover, the large volume expansion and contraction of the sulfur cathode during charging and discharging cycles can result in electrode pulverization, and a loss of electrical contact between the active material and the current collector. To overcome these challenges, various strategies have been proposed and investigated, including the use of advanced electrolytes, the development of nanostructured cathodes, and the use of protective coatings and binders for both the sulfur-based cathodes, the separator, as well as for the Li anode.