Solutions of FeSO₄, KSCN, Fe(NO₃)₃, KMnO₄, and C₂H₂O₄ were prepared using 250.0 mL volumetric flasks. The potassium permanganate solution was vacuum filtered in order to remove any insoluble KMnO₄. Since concentration was not tested as an independent variable, the same solutions were used throughout the experiments. Ideal concentrations for the Fenton reaction were determined through previous research by Abdur-Rahim A. Giwa .