Risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, and obesity, are also associated with an increased risk of AD. Regular physical exercise has been shown to have a protective effect against AD and cognitive decline. Some dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, and healthy fats, may lower the risk of AD. Higher levels of education and engagement in mentally stimulating activities throughout life may help reduce the risk of developing AD. Some environmental factors, such as air pollution, heavy metal exposure, and certain toxins, have been implicated as potential risk factors for AD, although more research is needed to fully understand their impact.