1.1 ICG for sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping Since 2010, near-infrared fluorescence imaging for sentinel lymph node(SLN) detection or biopsy using ICG as the contrast agents, have already been applied in breast cancer , gastric cancer , melanoma , vulvar cancer , cervical cancer , endometrial cancer , non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) , oropharyngeal cancer , colon cancer , colorectal cancer , prostate cancer , squamous cell carcinoma [31], etc. These applications have demonstrated ICG fluorescence imaging to be a safe, efficient and reliable method for SLN identification. Compared with the conventional SLN mapping technology using non-fluorescent blue dyes or radioactive agents (99m Tc nanocolloid), ICG can provide a higher detection rate and increased sensitivity . It allows a real-time intraoperatively visualization of lymphatic vessels and lymphatic drainage pathway.