In this work, we demonstrate microfluidic MFCs as a new application for microscale chitosan membranes. The successful fabricating of a microfluidic MFC with a chitosan separation membrane supported a reduction in inter-electrode spacing down to 0.8 mm. From the experimental results, it showed that reduced electrode spacing resulted in an increase in power output of 546 mW m -2 at a flow rate of QT=0.1 mL h -1 which increased by almost 30% at QT=10 mL h -1 . This compares favorably for a lower membraneless MFC with an inter electrode separation of 6 mm which produced a maximum power density of 376 mW m -2 flowing at a comparable flow velocity (resulting from volumetric flow rate of QT=1 mL h -1 ). That is, the membrane MFC showed an improved power density of 45% compared to the membraneless device. Perhaps most important was the maximum current value of 3.54 A m -2 , which, to our knowledge is the highest reported value for any microfluidic MFC. As a result of the high current and reduced ability for acetate solution to by-pass the anode in the membrane set-up, the unoptimized acetate conversion efficiencies were nearly 20%, which was 7 times higher than for the 6 mm membraneless MFC, despite the very small anode size, and corresponding contact time with the acetate solution. Further studies should be conducted to optimize ion transfer, perhaps by controlling membrane porosity or by implementing nano hybrid membranes, or by direct modification of the chitosan amide groups. Further power, elongated electrodes for better contact time and improved acetate conversion efficiency.