Module #4, Biophysical Assays: The final training module aimed to provide students with a hands-on experience in evaluating the impact of compound binding on the stability and functional attributes of target proteins. To achieve this, two biophysical assays were included in the module. The first was the thermal shift assay (TSA), which measures changes in the thermal denaturation temperature (melting temperature) of a protein to determine its stability, a property that is often altered by drug binding. The second assay was the GTPase Glo-Sensor Assay, a bioluminescent assay that monitors the activities of GTPases and their immediate regulators. This assay was used to track the effect of compound binding on the GTPase activity of the GOα protein.