Interestingly, the dielectric constants of a small range of alcohols are significantly underestimated in the AM1-BCC-dPol simulations (Table ). Although this underestimation might trace to inadequate electronic polarizability, this seems unlikely, because AM1-BCC-dPol gives good agreement with experimental molecular polarizabilities for these compounds (Table ). In addition, the dielectric constants of these highly polar liquids are dominated by orientational polarization, so that adding electronic polarization does not have a dramatic effect. This is apparent by comparing AM1-BCC-dPol with the nonpolarizable but otherwise similar Sage force field (Table ). Note that previous simulations with the nonpolarizable GAFF/AM1-BCC FF similarly underestimate the dielectric constants of these liquids (methanol 20.0, ethanol 11.4, 2-propanol 10.5). Although all of these underestimates might trace to too-weak partial charges, they may also result from an overly low Kirkwood g-factor 20 . The g-factor is the ratio of the liquid's dipole moment fluctuations to those which would be obtained if there were no correlations among the molecules in the liquid. Thus, a higher g-factor gives a higher dielectric constant, other things being equal. Importantly, the g-factor depends on not just the electrostatic model but also on other force field parameters, such as Lennard-Jones parameters. Thus, correcting these dielectric constants may require a more holistic refitting of the force field.