GUV fission and fusion events were also observed following the addition of LCNPs. To study these phenomena in more detail, two populations of DOPC GUVs labelled with different fluorescent probes were mixed prior to the addition of LCNPs. The two distinctly labelled populations of GUVs can therefore report on lipid mixing phenomena between adjacent vesicles. One GUV population was labelled with 3,3'-Dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine Perchlorate (DiO; green) and the other GUV population was labelled with Rhod-PE (red, as above).