A range of functional chemicals or oligomers have been employed as reactive components or additives to generate flame-retardant VER, according to current study . Phosphorus-containing flame retardants are one of the most promising alternatives to halogen-based systems. However, adding phosphorus-based flame retardants to a resin typically results in a much lower glass transition temperature (Tg), a significantly lower initial weight loss temperature, and a significantly worse mechanical performance of the cured resin .