Co-precipitation was used by Latif et al. to create the ZnO and ZnFe2O4 NPs. The breakdown of diclofenac sodium during 120 minutes of UV light irradiation was shown to be more successfully catalyzed by synthetic ZnFe2O4 (61.4%) than by ZnO (48.9%) without the need for an oxidizing agent. Furthermore, zinc ferrite exhibited excellent recyclability even after undergoing five distinct photocatalytic activity tests, indicating a promising level of catalyst stability. Tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) is degraded 90% and 86% of the time by strong MW synthesized adsorbers, the highly crystalline spinel NiFe2O4 and ZnFe2O4, which are formed by coprecipitation. The catalyst is reusable, as shown by the fact that the whole reaction is completed in less than 15 minutes. Researchers employed a microwave-assisted process with K2CO3 chemical activation under optimized conditions to produce activated carbon from lentil waste (LW). The LWAC was later used as a matrix for the production of spinel ferrite composites due to its significant surface area of 1875 m 2 /g. The combination of CuFe2O4 NPs with LWAC resulted in the creation of a new magnetic composite material called M-LWAC. The wastewater containing Tetracycline (TC) was efficiently eliminated using M-LWAC, which had an adsorption capacity of 384.62 mg/g. A study investigated spinel ferrite NPs (MFe2O4, where M represents iron, cobalt, nickel, or zinc) as potential carriers for the anticancer drugs doxorubicin (DOX) and methotrexate (MTX). Among the different MFe2O4 NPs tested, cobalt ferrite (CFO) emerged as the most promising candidate for targeted cancer therapy due to its superior magnetic properties, colloidal stability, cytotoxicity towards cancer cells, and biocompatibility. Sol-gel auto-combustion was used by Jasrotia et al. to create nickel-modified Co single bond Mg magnetic nano photocatalysts with the following chemical formula: Co0.65Mg0. 35-xNixFe2O4. The produced NPs were employed to photodegrade the pharmaceutical effluent from amoxicillin using sunlight. -8). This novel material proved highly effective in eliminating dopamine (DOP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) from water. Notably, ZrFe2O4@ZIF-8 achieved complete degradation (100%) of both DOP and SMX, surpassing the performance of ZrFe2O4 alone. Table . Pharmaceutical drug removal from industrial wastewater using spinel ferrites Researchers developed a method to create an NC material combining spinel ferrite with g-C3N4 for eliminating antibiotic pollutants from wastewater. This synthesis involved a four-step process: pyrolysis, solution combustion, mechanical grinding, and annealing. The created photocatalyst was evaluated for its capacity to decompose the drug Doxycycline in sunlight. Based on the results, the experiment resulted in a maximum degradation efficiency of 97.10% for the pollutant in a created heterojunction. The experiment lasted for 60 mins. Promazine was eliminated from wastewater using a magnetic nano adsorbent composed of AC that was modified with CoFe2O4 NPs, a kind of metal ferrite (AC-CoFe2O4). Al-Hetlani et al. exhibited remarkable stability, showed efficacy in eliminating both acidic and alkaline pharmaceuticals from wastewater, and could be regenerated and reused by the application of a magnetic field. The sol-gel auto-combustion method was utilised by Jadhav et al.to generate the NPs of ZnxNi1-xFe2O4, which were also employed to eliminate RhB from the industrial wastewater.