Dissociation of BiP from ATF6 results in exposure of two Golgi-localisation sequences on ATF6, and subsequently its translocation to the Golgi apparatus where it undergoes proteolysis by site-1 and site-2 proteases (S1P/S2P). This proteolysis produces a 50 kDa cytoplasmic fragment of ATF6, that is then translocated to the nucleus where it serves as a transcription factor for ER stress response genes bearing the ERSE . Responses downstream of ATF6 activation include inducing expression of ER chaperones such as BiP and the glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94), UPR mediators such as XBP1, and components of the ERAD pathway.