The third relationship is between safety and innovation. When considering issues about safety, 29 one obtains new ideas about how to conduct an experiment. New ideas lead to innovation. This 30 process is analogous to prototyping in design thinking, where physically building something 31 brings one to points where decisions need to be made and new ideas emerge. Creative 32 limitation (1) has the same effect in the arts. In poetry and screenwriting, for example, the 33 artificial barriers of rhymes and genres, respectively, force an artist to make decisions that are 34 unrelated to the art's content. New ideas form and the art takes unexpected turns. Like 35 prototyping and creative limitation then, the hands-on nature of considering safety is a 36 decision-making process that can foster innovation in research. 37 38