The measured Raman spectra and deconvoluted peaks of NPCs synthesized using θ-Al2O3 (NPC (θ-Al2O3)) and γ-Al2O3 (NPC (γ-Al2O3)) are shown in Figs. and, respectively. Eight pronounced peaks are observed in each spectrum, some of which including D', D+G, and 2D' peaks have not been analyzed. By the Raman spectra, XRD, and SBET, we found that the NPCs and NPGs are mainly monolayer graphene with single vacancies and heptagons/pentagons such as Stone-Wales (SW) defects. We found that NPCs consists mainly of single-layer graphene. Here, we focus on the NPC synthesized with the θ-Al2O3 template (NPC (θ-Al2O3)) since the Raman spectra (Fig. ) and structural parameters were very close to those of NPC (γ-Al2O3) based on Raman spectra, TPD, and XRD. For NPC (θ-Al2O3), the G band at 1577 cm -1 in the Raman spectrum (Fig. ) and the in-plane 10 diffraction of turbostratic carbons in the XRD pattern (Fig. ) indicate that NPC (θ-Al2O3) surely has a graphene structure. The single-layered graphene architecture of the NPC is supported by the downshifted G' band at 2651 cm -1 as compared with that of the stacked analogue of graphite (~2700 cm -1 ), which is fitted by a single component. The high gravimetric surface area (SBET = 2300 m 2 g -1 , Fig. and Table ) approaches that of ideal single-layer graphene (2627 m 2 g -1 ).