Fish scale waste, a potential source biosorbent, can be utilized to remove heavy metal pollutants from water systems. Over the years, researchers worldwide have explored the use of scales from various fish species, such as Tilapia nilotica, Catla catla, Gadus morhua, Labeo rohita, and Oreochromis niloticus, as biosorbents. Notably, raw dried fish scales, without any modification, have been reported