When testing the optimisation algorithm it is important to understand how the performance of the algorithm is affected by problem size. The largest problems investigated in similar studies include parameter estimations involving 5 structures and 12 parameters in the work of Bowskill et al. , 19 structures and 6 parameters or 15 structures and 8 parameters in the work of Gatsiou et al. , and 24 structures and 1 parameter in the work of Pyzer-Knapp et al. . For our purposes, we wish to examine how well our methodology performs on problems of this size as well as much larger estimation problems that have not been tackled by other approaches. To synthesize test problems of various sizes, we opt to use different combinations of the reference datasets from Table . The seven test problems we investigate are given in Table .