A self-optimizing microreactor system has been devised specifically for closed-loop optimization of the Heck reaction, employing a "black-box" optimization strategy directed by Nelder-Mead Simplex method algorithm . In-line HPLC analysis was performed to determine the product yield in real time and feedback to the control system to direct the input conditions to achieve optimum product yield in 19 automated experiments. The optimum conditions identified in microfluidics for the formation of monoarylated product (1, Figure ) are successfully translated to a meso-fluidics system at a 50-fold scale to afford the product 1 in 26.9 g yield. LeyLab, a modular software system developed by Fitzpatrick et al. , allows researchers to oversee chemical reactions online. The hydration of 3-cyanopyridine to its amide was monitored by online mass spectrometer offering real-time conversion. Through 30 experiments within 10 hours, five key reaction parameters were finely tuned for optimal conditions. Photochemical reactions require uniform light penetration to the reaction mixture and flow setups with uniform path lengths would be ideal for such reactions. A self-optimizing continuous-flow reactor was designed by Poscharny et al. for [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction promoted by light. The optimization (modified simplex) algorithm arrives the optimal conditions in 25 iterative experiments to afford compound 3 (Figure ) in good yield. A modular autonomous flow reactor controlled via MATLAB was designed for the carpanone (7, Figure ) synthesis using a modified Nelder-Mead algorithm . The four-step process involves allylation, Claisen rearrangement, isomerization and oxidative dimerization. Each reaction steps were optimized independently by using either online HPLC or in-line benchtop NMR spectroscopy to afford an overall yield of 67 % in 66 iterative experiments over four linear reaction steps. Nadiwale et al. reported the autonomous optimization of three multiphase catalytic reactions involving the handling of solid substrates, photoreactor, feeding of slurries, catalysts, and inorganic bases in an automated flow platform comprising a CSTR cascade. The platform allows them to showcase the autonomous optimization of ideal reaction conditions for Suzuki-Miyaura and photoredox-catalysed coupling reactions.