) -1.0~2.3 TPa SWCNT 1300 -3.0 --6.8 0.48 (1.2 GPa) carbon materials. Another important feature of meso-structured elastic carbons is their highly flexible carbon framework. The bulk modulus of NPG is less than 1 GPa, and this value is a magnitude smaller than those of typical "soft" materials such as zeolite (14 GPa) and the relatively soft class of metal-organic-frameworks (7.7 GPa). The surface area of NPGs mainly comprises the basal plane of single-layer graphene extended over the 3D nanospace instead of the edge sites. The surface area of NPGs obtained by using a γ-ANP template reached 1800-2300 m 2 g -1 , and this lies between that of single-layered graphene (2627 m 2 g -1 ) and stacked bilayer graphene (1314 m 2 g -1 ). Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of NPGs was investigated, and it showed much fewer edge sites on NPGs when compared with typical activated carbons and carbon black. The electrochemical stability of NPGs also confirms that the above-mentioned structure has fewer terminal edge sites. The Raman spectra of NPGs indicate that they consist mostly of hexagonal aromatic rings, but some pentagons and heptagons exist, which introduce curvature to the NPGs in their grain boundaries. An intense G band at approximately 1587 cm -1 , as in a typical graphene 110,111 (Fig. ), coupled with a high specific surface area (SBET ~ 2000 m 2 g -1 ) and a weak 002 diffraction in the XRD pattern indicate the presence of a single-layered graphene structure in NPGs. The red-shifted G' band at ~2670 cm -1 , compared with that of typical graphite, 110,111 corroborates the presence of a single-walled graphene structure. The redshifted G' band may also reflect the value of Young's moduli by the introduction of curvature. In general, a relatively sharp D band (Fig. ) in the Raman spectra can be mainly attributed to edges, but TPD analysis indicates a very low occurrence of edges. Therefore, the prominent D band of the NPGs is mainly attributed to in-plane disorder instead of edges.