Performance of NSS Technologies Across Contexts. The potential deployment of all three NSS technologies was evaluated under uncertainty with global average data (the general case) and across 77 countries using national-level contextual parameters (Figure ). Additionally, to better capture the full range of potential NSS performance across locations, the best-case and worst-case combinations of contextual parameters were also evaluated by selecting the most favorable and unfavorable combinations of parameters from across the global dataset. This full range of potential NSS performance across locations defines the performance space of each NSS system scenario. The exploration of NSS technology sustainability across contexts demonstrates the likely range of costs and CIs that can be expected and can be used to identify the salient features of a context that govern system sustainability. Using generalized assumptions for the contextual parameters (i.e., global averages), the Biogenic Refinery treating mixed excreta from pit latrines (baseline scenario) is shown to have a lower cost with higher GHG emissions compared to the treatment of source-separated excreta from UDDTs (alternative scenario). The daily per capita cost of the baseline scenario is estimated to be 0.04 USD•capita -1 •day -1 with a range of 0.03-0.04 USD•capita -1 •day -1 [5 th and 95 th percentiles will be shown in brackets from this point forward] and 0.08 [0.07-0.10] USD•capita -1 •day -1 for the alternative scenario incorporating UDDTs. The two scenarios exhibit cost-CI tradeoffs where the higher cost of the alternative scenario treating source-separated excreta are accompanied by significantly less GHG emissions over the system lifetime; the baseline scenario's emissions are 38 [20-65] kg CO2 eq•capita -1 •year -1 while the alternative scenario's emissions are 16 [13-20] kg CO2 eq•capita -1 •year -1 . For the CRTs, the scenarios relying on grid electricity results in lower costs but with higher CIs compared to scenarios relying on photovoltaic electricity. The daily per capita costs of the NEWgenerator are 0.14 [0.12-0.18] USD•capita -1 •day -1 for the baseline scenario incorporating grid electricity and 0.14 [0.12-0.19] USD•capita -1 •day -1 for the alternative scenario using photovoltaic electricity. The minor difference in cost is due to the difference in cost of the photovoltaic electricity unit compared to the grid electricity unit. The NEWgenerator emissions are 78 [63-97] kg CO2 eq•capita -1 •year -1 for the grid scenario and 54 [39-73] kg CO2 eq•capita -1 •year - 1 for the photovoltaic scenario. The Reclaimer resulted in higher costs and emissions than the NEWgenerator using general assumptions. The daily per capita costs of the Reclaimer are 0.20 [0.16-0.27] USD•capita -1 •day -1 and 0.22 [0.17-0.28] USD•capita -1 •day -1 for the grid electricity and photovoltaic electricity scenarios, respectively. The annual per capita GHG emissions were estimated to be 182 [134-248] kg CO2 eq•capita -1 •year -1 for the baseline grid electricity scenario and 132 [83-198] kg CO2 eq•capita -1 •year -1 for the alternative photovoltaic electricity scenario.