These parameters were estimated using a global multi-response optimization method , i.e., by fitting hydroperoxide and aldehyde profiles simultaneously, using MATLAB 2021b software (Mathworks, Natick, MA, USA) . The optimization procedure was applied to fit experimental datasets with 1 µM BODIPY 665/676. Based on the literature, k3 (R.3 in Table ) was found to be approximately two times lower than kBODIPY (R.9 in Table ), thus, we fixed k3 as 0.5 × kBODIPY. Typically, the starting values of all parameters required for the optimization were obtained from the literature (Table ). Then, for every set of initial starting values, the 'lsqnonlin' algorithm simultaneously determined their estimated values by minimizing the sum of the squared residuals between the experimental (𝑋 exp ) and numerical (𝑋 num ) datasets.