In our initial level of analysis, the indicators for cost and environmental impacts were normalized based on the mass of porous chitosan particles produced. These results revealed that TPCP and MPCP were the highest cost to produce at 123. 27 [93.28-161.80] USD/g (denoted as median [5th-95th percentile]) and 104.07 [80.76-135.07] USD/g, respectively (Figure ). In contrast, APCP proved to be the most cost-effective method, with a price of 32.89 [26.13-41.00] UDS/g. The cost differences among chitosan particle variants stemmed from the precursors used during synthesis while maintaining a uniform general technique. The incorporation of azodicarbonamide as foaming agent in the preparation process a cost-effective approach as also demonstrated by several other studies. It is suggested that future research endeavors focused on enhancing porosity to improve adsorption capacity via tuning the amount of azodicarbonamide. Similar trends were observed in our next level of analysis that normalized costs to percent removal of the methylene blue (Figure ). Specifically, the cost of TPCP was 3.78 [2.92-4.89] USD/% removed, MPCP was 1.96 [1.55-2.48] USD/% removed, and APCP was 0.74 [0.60-0.89] USD/% removed. This analysis provides a more meaningful comparison of the costs associated with each chitosan particle variant by considering their effectiveness in removing the target pollutant. The results highlight the importance of not only considering the production costs but also the performance of the particles in their intended application. In another study, azodicarbonamide utilized in the preparation of polymeric lignin composite and revealed a high removal efficiency of methylene blue. When results were normalized to mass of the porous chitosan particles produced, similar trends were observed in the estimates for acidification potential at 0.0047 [0.0041-0.0053] kg SO2-Eq/g, global warming potential at 0.91 [0.81-1.03] kg CO2 eq/g, ecotoxicity: freshwater at 7.29 [6.49-8.24] CTUe/g, eutrophication potential at 0.0064 [0.0054-0.0075] kg N-Eq/g, human toxicity: non-carcinogenic at 1.79×10 -7 [1.59×10 -7 -2.02×10 ] CTUh/g, particulate matter formation potential at 0.0011 [0.010-0.013] kg PM2.5-Eq/g, and maximum incremental reactivity at 0.47 [0.42-0.53] kg O3-Eq/g (Figure ). These results indicate that the general chitosan synthesis procedure is the main contributor to the environmental impacts when considering the mass of particles produced. Despite the advantages of conventional agents like azodicarbonamide, significant environmental issues remains, such as contribution to global warming and ozone depletion, as well as safety concerns regarding potential carcinogenicity and flammability. Notably, this study found out APCP had drastically higher estimates for human toxicity: carcinogenic at 0.15 [0.12-0.18] CTUh/g and ozone depletion potential at 5.96×10 -8 [14.95×10 -8 -7.13×10 ] kg CFC-11-Eq/g. These findings suggest that the precursors used in the APCP synthesis may have a more significant impact on these specific environmental categories. Further investigation into the specific components and their potential toxicity would be necessary to identify opportunities for mitigating these impacts.