Among the energy storage technologies, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been the leading technology in terms of research and industrial application . LIBs offer high energy density due to the high theoretical specific capacity of lithium (3860 mAh g -1 ), low density (0.534 g cm along with the lowest reduction potential (3.04 V vs SHE). In addition numerous high voltage/ high capacity cathodes, including Ni-rich transition metal oxides (LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2, LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2, etc..), Li-rich (Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2) and high spinel (LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4) electrode materials were developed but still some of them raise safety issues and show extreme capacity fading or have lower energy density . In addition, LIBs suffer from critical issues like lithium dendrite growth leading to reduced safety due to the use of flammable organic electrolytes. Further, limited availability of elemental resources such as Li can pose a supply risk in the future. Hence, it is important to investigate the alternative energy storage technologies to keep up with the upcoming increased demand.