Additionally, the ability to control the chain length and functionalization of these oxygenated hydrocarbons provides a versatile platform for synthesizing a range of chemicals, including biofuels, lubricants, and specialty chemicals. Future work will focus on further optimizing the catalyst system to enhance selectivity, yield, and overall efficiency. Moreover, improving our understanding of the reaction mechanisms at play will help in scaling up the process for industrial application, ensuring that it is not only sustainable but also economically viable.