However, previous studies 14a, have shown that the Ni foam substrate displayed promising performance, although its use as a working electrode (WE) is limited in acidic media. The h-WO3@Ti mesh exhibited promising results, demonstrating steady performance in acidic media up to 2 V without electrolyte decomposition. This stability is advantageous for manipulating potential shifts in G-Caps. In acidic environments, NiO/Ni(OH)2 tends to dissolve due to the reaction with H3O⁺, forming soluble Ni²⁺ and H2O in the reactions given in Equation 1 and 2.