Clot formation was evaluated using a turbidimetric plasma recalcification assay based on previously established protocols . In triplicate, PCL fiber membranes were cut into 5 × 5 mm pieces and placed in the wells of a 96-well multiwall plate. Then, 100 µL of 37 ○ C plasma was added to each well and incubated at 37 ○ C for 1 hr. Subsequently, 100 µL of 37 ○ C 0.025 M CaCl2 was added to each well, and absorbance was monitored using a Cytation 5 multimode plate reader at 405 nm at 1 min intervals for 1 h. NFs membrane with a contact angle of 117.20 .