The biosensor uses affinity-based detection through impedimetric measurements, with a lower detection limit of 100 pg/ml and a dynamic range of 100 pg/ml to 100 ng/ml in human saliva. The biosensor has demonstrated stable, dose-dependent biosensing in varying salivary pH levels, and when integrated with low-power electronics and a portable saliva swab, could be used as a roadside DUI hand-held platform for rapid identification of THC in saliva samples obtained from human subjects. A flexible screen-printed electrode with two working electrodes was used to develop a dualchannel electrochemical biosensor for simultaneous detection of lactate and glucose in saliva by Liu et al. The biosensor exhibited high sensitivity and wide linear ranges for both analytes, with negligible cross-talk between the two channels. This makes it a promising candidate for wearable devices for monitoring disease progression and fitness. Kim et al. later presented a new study presented an innovative mouthguard designed to noninvasively monitor salivary uric acid (SUA) levels. The researchers integrated an enzyme (uricase)-modified screen printed electrode system onto a mouthguard platform, along with miniaturized instrumentation electronics consisting of a potentiostat, microcontroller, and a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) transceiver. In contrast to RFID-based biosensing systems, which demand substantial proximal power sources, this developed platform allowed real-time wireless transmission of sensed data to standard smartphones, laptops, and other consumer electronics for on-demand processing, diagnostics, or storage. The mouthguard biosensor system exhibited high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability in detecting uric acid in human saliva, covering concentration ranges applicable to both healthy individuals and hyperuricemia patients. The innovative wireless mouthguard biosensor system enabled real-time and continuous monitoring of SUA levels, and could be easily extended to include an array of sensors for various analytes. This adaptability made it a promising wearable monitoring system for a wide range of health and fitness applications.