, in which ℎ is the Planck constant, 𝑐 is the speed of light, 𝑘 4 is the Boltzmann constant and 𝑇 is 34°C (307.15 K). The forward-design and optimization shown in We then fabricated the numerically optimized active metasurface thermal emitter by photolithographically patterned Au microdisks on spin-coated EB thin film with the proper doping level on the Au substrate. Detailed process of nanofabrication can be found in the Experiment Procedure section. Fig. shows the calculated and measured reflectance spectra of the metasurface. Bare thin film reflectance spectrum was also calculated for comparison. This result verifies the existence of chemical absorption peaks, AFP, and GSP resonance modes, and