These experiments show a variety of membrane ion transport events to occur, which were first categorised by event type, defined by both current magnitude and time spent in that event state. Figure summarises the time (%) that each system spends in each event state over the course of the experiment. The experiment lasted approximately 1000s unless detailed in Table † . From the summary of these data, as the concentration of SSA is increased, the percentage of time spent in each event window shifts from Event 0, Event 1, Event 2 and through to Event 3. Here the events were characterised by ampere (A), indicating the flow of ions across the planar bilayer as follows: -∞ A ≤ Event 0 < 5.00e-11 A; 5.00e-11 A ≤ Event 1 < 5.00e-10 A; 5.00e-10 A ≤ Event 2 < 4.90e-08 A; 4.90e-08 A ≤ Event 3 < ∞ A. We hypothesise that increase in event magnitude and time spent in that event window are a result of increasing local SSA concentration at the surface of the planar bilayer, in addition to alterations in SSA structure and self-associative properties. As these SSAs likely exist as spherical aggregates under experimental conditions, it is likely that should an aggregate encounter the membrane, it would instantly result in a dramatic increase in local SSA concentration at the membrane surface, which influences experimental reproducibility, particularly at lower SSA concentrations. † . For ease of reference to raw and partially processed data the experiment numbers are given in brackets within this figure. Planar phospholipid bilayers formed were formed from DPhPC 10 % cholesterol, with Buffer A sealed below, and Buffer B accessible above the bilayer. Buffer A (KCl (489 mM), NaOAc (5 mM), pH 5.5, ionic strength = 500 mM); B (Na2SO4 (167 mM), NaOAc (5 mM), pH 5.5, ionic strength = 500 mM). Stock solutions of SSA(s) were prepared as a DMSO:buffer B 1:50 mixture. Control experiments confirmed the membrane to retain stability in the presence of DMSO at these concentrations. All experiments were conducted with a holding voltage +100 mV.