The generator was cycled from -0.15V to 0.45V while the collector was held at -0.15V. The generator comb oxidised the FCA to FCA + . The FCA + species then diffused across the gap to the collector electrodes, where it was subsequently reduced back to FCA. This phenomenon is known as redox cycling and can be used to boost signals when using reversible redox molecules; as described by Seymour, et al. The CV steady-state behavioural shape observed for the static FCA scan in Figure (A): inset, arises from REDOX cycling as it surmounts the diffusion limited behaviour typically associated with transport of fresh analyte to the electrode. As a flowrate across an electrode surface is introduced and increased, the measured current response signals were observed to increase with increasing flow rate. However, the steady-state plateau of signal, typically associated with quiescent solutions, is replaced with an elongated current response at higher voltages with increasing flowrate. This is due to the addition of convection as a mode of mass transport, as opposed to the diffusion only conditions experienced in quiescent solutions. The convection allows for constant replenishment of fresh FCA at an electrode surface, thereby increasing the current response. Each voltammogram presented in Figure (A) is an average of three consecutive cycles for each flowrate: inset is a typical CV obtained under quiescent conditions. The generation and subsequent reduction of gold oxide was used as an indicator of pH, as shown previously by Seymour et al. Chemical buffers in the pH range of 3 -7.6 were characterised electrochemically to monitor the position of the reduction peak for each buffer, in both static and flow conditions (100 µL/min); Figure (A) and (B) show these, respectively. Under both static and flowing conditions, little to no difference observed in the minima positions of the gold oxide reduction peaks.