Route identification A SynGraph instance is a value object entirely defined by its properties: the set of unique nodes and their relationships. SynGraph instances are identified as Synthetic Routes if they match some completeness criteria defined at the chemistry (presence of all necessary and sufficient synthetic steps to produce a chemical target) and graph (unique root, correct node, and relationship labels) levels. Mining The mining (or extracting) Synthetic Routes from a Synthetic Tree is the inverse operation of merging. This operation is linked to the "route enumeration " from NOC and, in our case, is tailored to operating on a Synthetic Tree. To ensure a chemically sensible route reconstruction, the mining procedure relies on a modified depth-first search algorithm that leverages the directional nature of the Synthetic Tree and responds to the local node connectivity. Starting from the root node (target) the algorithm moves toward the leaf nodes (starting materials), memorizing in a stack the nodes discovered until a divergence point (node "OR ", see Figure ) is encountered: a Molecule node connected through PRODUCT relationships with multiple Chemical Equation nodes. This situation represents, from a synthetic standpoint, a chemical that multiple reactions can produce and hence identify alternative routes to the target. The algorithm identifies these bifurcation points by dynamically analyzing node connectivity and, after duplicating the node stack, keeps accumulating nodes along each branch defined by these Chemical Equation nodes.