(Table ). Three categories of environmental impacts are detailed in this study: energy consumption, air pollutant emissions, and water consumption. Energy consumption includes the input electricity for different applications and the energy required to produce required consumables. Criteria air pollutant emissions include the embodied emissions generated by the production of input electricity and the consumed reagents. CO2, CH4, CO, NOx, N2O, SOx, PM10, and PM2.5 are the air pollutants provided in the GREET model and considered here. The greenhouse gas emissions are reported as CO2 equivalents (CO2-eq) summing CO2, CH4, and N2O weighed by the corresponding 100-year global warming potential (GWP). Water consumption considers the withdrawn water that is not returned to the original source, and both the input city water usage and the embodied water consumption in electricity generation and the manufacturing of consumable materials are included.