Three sets of coatings were prepared by electrodeposition of the respective graphene-copper plating dispersions onto AISI 52100 steel washers (Figure ); FGO-and GO-containing copper coatings onto AISI 52100 (FGO-CMMC and GO-CMMC), alongside graphene-free copper coatings (Cu Ref ) for comparison. For each set of coatings, the effect of deposition power was further studied by preparing coatings at two current densities (0.25 and 0.5 A/dm 2 ). FGO-CMMC coatings were uniformly deposited onto steel washers (Figure ).