Cells, tissues, and organoids not only exhibit spatiotemporally varying mechanical properties but also have optical characteristics that could present challenges in real-time characterization of propulsion and the accurate processing of information obtained from nanomotors. While brightfield, confocal or even super resolution microscopy enable high precision imaging in vitro , there are no good techniques to simultaneously monitor motion in real-time with high precision as the nanomotors swim through the body, penetrate cells, and undergo changes over time, such as the rearrangement of attached enzymes (or other catalysts), the formation of protein corona, and the nanomotors' eventual degradation.