There are several issues with plane IONPs, which include limited stability, particle aggregation, fast degradation, and magnetic property changes when they are exposed directly to systems-related biological properties. The zeta potential is the electrostatic potential at the boundary between the nanoparticle's compact and diffuse layers, according to(View of Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles by Co-Precipitation Method at Different Conditions, no date b; It is used to assess the stability of NP suspensions. If all the particles in suspension have large negative or positive zeta potential then they will tend to repel each other and there will be no tendency for the particles to come together. Values in the -5 mV to +5 mV range imply quick aggregation, according to .