Prior to fabrication, the coplanar waveguide (CPW) was meticulously modeled using COMSOL Multiphysics, a process crucial for optimizing CPW design and minimizing reflection losses. This simulation, employing the conformal mapping method, revealed a strong dependence of the line impedance (Z c ) on the dimensions of the middle strip (W) and the gap width (S). Systematic variations in the gap width were explored, and the resulting effects on Z c were thoroughly analyzed; the findings are detailed in Figure (S8a). The electromagnetic wave module within COMSOL facilitated an in-depth investigation of the frequency domain response of the CPWs, accounting for variations in the electrode width and substrate dielectric constants.