I. sakaiensis was unable to produce current from EG in the absence of G. sulfurreducens, which implies non-electric behavior of I. sakaiensis (Figure ). Co-culturing in the absence of PET and EG did not show any electricity production indicating that the oxidation of PET or EG was the source of the observed electricity production (Figure ). 1 H NMR analysis of the EG experiment (Figure ) shows a small increase in acetate over time, which reaches 0.8 mM after 4 d at its highest and then decreases to 0.3 mM after 6 d. For ethanol an increase over time is observed and the concentration is 8.0 mM after 6 d, while EG is completely consumed at this point. The detection of very small amounts of acetate indicates that the acetate produced by I. sakaiensis is instantly consumed by G. sulfurreducens for electricity production. At the same time, ethanol is initially accumulated (Figure ) as G. sulfurreducens cannot use ethanol as the carbon source (Figure ). However, ethanol can be further converted into acetate by I. sakaiensis once EG is fully consumed as observed in the fermentation experiment with the monoculture (Figure ). Cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that bacteria are inside the pores and on top of the IO-ITO electrode (Figure ).