In the BAU-ME pathway (the combination of the BAU demand scenario and the ME supply scenario), 96% of the feedstock came from fossil sources and required 47 Mt/y of CCS by 2050 to achieve near net zero emissions of 12 Mt CO2eq, as shown in The BAU-ME and LC-ME pathways did not achieve strict net zero, partly because of leakage from the CCS system, whose capture rate was assumed to be 95% in 2050.