L.Z. synthesized all catalysts, performed materials characterization experiments, aggregated all data, and developed data visualization schemes that produced the primary data figures. A.S. performed electrochemical experiments. M.C. performed CrystalShift XRD analysis under supervisions of M.O.T. and R.B.vD.. J.M.G. designed the experimental campaign, supervised research, and was the primary author of the communication with contributions from all authors.