The particles were resuspended in 10 µL of ethanol and sonicated for 5 min then resuspended in Opti-MEM to a final concentration of 10 ng mRNA/µL. The particles were added to cells in a 96-well plate using 100 ng per well. Lipofectamine 2000 and Messenger Max were prepared per the manufacturer's protocol. RNA-PEI complexes were prepared by suspending RNA and PEI separately in Opti-MEM then mixing both solutions and incubating for 15 mins. Cells were maintained in phenol red-free medired-free0% FBS. Fluorescence was measured at different time points using a SpectraMax i3 plate reader at 475/515 nm.