(iii) Direct recycling method: Direct recycling includes novel methodologies developed to recover, regenerate, and reuse the battery electrodes while keeping their chemical structure intact. After processing, these recovered and regenerated materials are intended to be returned to the battery supply chain without additional, or in some cases, limited processing . The high cost-effectiveness and low environmental impact of this disruptive recycling route are evident, but currently not outweighed by the challenge of solving the technical difficulties and large-scale implementation. The current status of industrial and research process for recycling EoL batteries can be mainly classified in two process routes: a combination of pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy, or a mechanical treatment followed by hydrometallurgical process . Both recycling alternatives have been developed with the aim of increasing the recovery yield of the most valuable metals, leaving aside the treatment and valorization of low-density plastics, metal scraps, graphite, electrolytes (salts and organic solvents), binders and separators, among others. In this way, the recycling rate of the batteries is really low with a huge reduction in circularity and sustainability because complex materials, including halogenic and organic compounds, as well as some strategic battery materials are lost.