Connecting specific case studies for DN underscores the intricate relationship between chemical transport mechanisms and disease pathogenesis. The progression of DN involves multifactorial disruptions, including increased glomerular filtration rate, perturbed solute transport, and enhanced inflammatory responses . These changes lead to biomechanical disruptions such as increased matrix deposition and fibrosis. The accumulation of advanced glycation end-products due to impaired glucose metabolism exacerbates renal damage and inflammation . These molecular alterations disrupt both the biochemical and biomechanical integrity of the renal system, highlighting the interdependence of chemical and physical processes in disease pathogenesis.