The CAS Content Collection 105 is the largest human-compiled collection of published scientific information, which represents a valuable resource to access and keep up to date on the scientific literature all over the world across disciplines including chemistry, biomedical sciences, engineering, materials science, agricultural science, and many more, thus allowing quantitative analysis of global research publications across various parameters including time, geography, scientific area, medical application, disease, and chemical composition. Currently, there are over 30,000 scientific publications (mainly journal articles and patents) in the CAS Content Collection related to biomarkers for early detection and diagnosis of cancers. Of these, over 4,000 documents are related specifically to liver cancer, and over 3,000 documents to pancreatic cancer. There has been a steady growth of these documents (both journal articles and patents) over the last decades, with a nearly 30% increase in the number of journal articles in the last two years (Figure ). The growth in the number of patents is still slower, indicating the stage of accumulation of scientific knowledge preceding its subsequent transfer into patentable applications. China, the United States, South Korea, Japan, and Germany are the leaders with respect to the number of published journal articles and patents related to cancer biomarkers research, with China spotted as an eminent leader (Figure ). A graph of the annual contribution of the top countries/regions to the number of journal articles and patents exhibits the gradual increase of the portion of publications from China and South Korea at the expense of those from the USA, Japan, and Germany (Figure ). Patent protection is territorial and therefore the same invention can be filed for patent protection in several jurisdictions. We searched for all related filings pertaining to the cancer biomarkers. Certain patent family might be counted multiple times when they have been filed in multiple patent offices. Detailed analysis of the patent family data (Figure ) indicating the complex flow of patents from patent assignee countries/regions or regions (left column) to the patent office wherein the application is first filed (center column) and the patent office where the application finally ends up (right column) is shown in Figure . There are diverse patent filing strategies: some patent assignees, such as those from China, file foremost in their home country patent office (CN), with a smaller proportion filing through the World International Patent Office WIPO (WO), or other jurisdictions. Others, such as the United States-based applicants, have a dominating number of WO filings. Most of the applicants tend to have a comparable number of filings in their home country and at WO, while also having a sizable number of filings at other patent offices such as the US, European Patent Office (EP), and others. Figure . Sankey graph depicting the flow of cancer biomarker-related patents between assignee countries/regions (left), office where application is first filed (center) and final destination office (right) (only patents for which the entire flow information is available are included in the graph).