Figure displays the evolution of the catalysts in GA, tracking important performance metrics such as the EtOH conversion, the yield and selectivity for BD, as well as for major by-products, over the generations. The catalyst-wise data are shown in Figure . In Figure , the average EtOH conversion was consistently above 80%, surpassing 90% in later generations. The product distribution underwent significant changes during the evolution process. Initially, the most common products were AcH and ethylene, followed by BD, while butene yields remained consistently low across all generations. The sum of these yields was nearly 100%, indicating the absence of other major by-products. The BD yield increased from about 22 to 33% on average during the first two generations. After a brief stagnation from the second to the fifth generation, the BD yield steadily increased, primarily due to the suppression of ethylene by-production, and secondly by the consumption of AcH. This fact suggests that components that promote EtOH dehydration were gradually replaced by those that convert AcH to BD. Eventually, the BD yield reached a generation average of about 50%. The best catalyst identified in this GA exhibited a BD yield of 73% with 77% selectivity (Figure ). These results demonstrate the effectiveness of GA-driven HTE in discovering high-performing catalysts by exploring a highly multidimensional space. In Figure , the elemental distribution of the catalysts is averaged for each generation.