A predictive machine learning model was then trained on the dataset and quantified the effect of each component. This revealed surprisingly that the buffer has 61% importance to the holistic performance despite heuristic optimisation indicating the buffer concentration had a marginal effect, thereby emphasising the complexity of systems with inter-dependent variables. The buffer is 20% more important to TONCO/TOFCO than it is to yield of CO and quantum yield, which demonstrates the trade-offs required for holistic optimisation and why maximising a single metric has limited meaning to overall system performance.