In all these cases, there is a common challenge, the proper description of the CBD phase. Due to the filament-like structure of the binder and the small size of the CB particles, they tend to combine forming a non-homogeneous hybrid that is challenging for explicit treatment in simulations, and it becomes necessary to make certain assumptions. These assumptions can have a notable impact on the electrode properties, for instance, Mistry et al. showed computationally that just by changing from a film-like CBD to a finger-like CBD with certain porosity, the kinetic resistance was reduced by 20 % and energy was increased by 2%.