In the LC-NFAX and LC-NFAX2 pathways (the combinations of the LC demand scenario and the NFAX or NFAX2 supply scenarios), 62% of the feedstock came from alternative sources. The LC-NFAX pathway required 23 Mt/y of CCS in 2050 and achieved negative emissions (-18 Mt/y), whereas the LC-NFAX2 pathway required no CCS and achieved near net zero emissions (5 Mt/y). The LC-NFAX pathway produced negative emissions, with the entire chemical supply chain functioning as a carbon sink. In addition to CCS, the chemical products that remained in the economy (i.e., those produced using bio-based or DAC-CCU feedstock but have not yet reached the end-of-life stage) also served as temporary carbon sinks.