The inks allowed dynamic tissue modelling. Specifically, fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition was demonstrated in a lung tissue model after 24 h of stretching of hLFs. The addition of epithelial and immune cells and interrogating the impact of the type of stretching (uniaxial vs volumetric) are necessary further optimization steps to model the lung more accurately. In closing, our work solves the three key issues of GelMA-based bioinks for extrusion 3D bioprinting, by allowing the printing of complex constructs using: i) low concentrations of GelMA, ii) low concentrations of additive, and iii) physiological temperatures. Our work lays the foundation for using GelMA materials in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and implantable medical device applications. Then, the backgrounds were subtracted. Next, the previously generated ROI was used to identify the cells on both channels. Finally, the mean intensity per cell was calculated for F-actin and αSMA.