Smith ( ) is a chemical and process engineering standard that provides a similar system of scaling factors to determine overall project cost from individual equipment cost. Smith (2016) estimates that the bare erected cost divided by primary equipment cost for a fluid processing system is 3.4 (see Smith's Table ). In genGEO, this fraction is 2.40, which is 29% lower than Smith (2016). Smith (2016) has large multipliers for piping and utilities, perhaps due to having chemical processing as its target audience. If the piping and utility costs are halved, the ratio of bare erected cost to primary equipment cost reduces from 3.4 to 2.8. Nonetheless, this alternate methodology provides a different, higher estimate, and this value could justifiably be used as a conservative upper bound, depending on the needs of the user.