A bonus for synthesis of chemicals with posi ve enthalpy of forma on, C2H2(g), C2H4(g), C6H6(l), C(s,diamond), N2H4(l), NO(g), N2O(g), NO2(g), O3(g) (Table ). Similarly, to synthesis of elements in their standard states, forma on of these compounds is thermodynamically challenging. The player receives 500 points for each of these compounds that are obtained as reac on products. The bonus is not awarded if any of these compounds are included as reactants in the task. 6. A bonus for adjustment of ΔG by hea ng the reac on. One of the prac cal aspects of studying thermodynamics is understanding how to adjust condi ons to make nonspontaneous reac on spontaneous. In each level, the reac on temperature is by default set to 298 K. Therefore, the player might encounter a situa on that in a certain reac on ∆H 0 > 0, ∆S 0 > 0, and ∆G > 0. By increasing T, the player can achieve a state in which ∆H 0 -T∆S 0 < 0. The ability to use this piece of knowledge to solve the task is rewarded with the bonus of 500 points. Note when ∆G is nega ve at 298 K, increasing T will not grant the bonus. 7. A bonus for adjustment of ΔG by cooling the reac on. A solu on of certain tasks might be a reac on equa on in which ΔH 0 < 0, ∆S 0 < 0 at 298 K, which make ∆G > 0. By decreasing T, the player can achieve a state in which ∆H 0 -T×∆S 0 < 0. While this approach does not contradict the rules of the game, it is used seldom in chemistry laboratories in the real world. The reason is that, in general, the reac on rate decreases at a lower temperature. To take into account this aspect, in the game, the bonus decreases exponen ally from 500 points at 298K to 0 points at 0 K. The bonus is calculated according to the equa on: