In reviewing the applications of CSHN systems in the biomedical field, it became very clear that they play a significant role in the treatment of cancer (including brain tumours) and viral infections. A prominent example of the use of CSHN in a therapeutic context is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This cancer is one of the most aggressive cancers, with a 5year survival rate of less than 5% and, more importantly, an average overall survival rate of about six months, even after chemotherapy with Gemcitabine. In the search for therapeutic approaches that provide an alternative to conventional chemotherapy, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) have emerged as a new target in recent years. Under hypoxia conditions, these transcription factors induce the synthesis of numerous gene products and regulate numerous cellular processes, from tumour invasion to proliferation. Apart from these intracellular roles, these factors are also responsible for drug resistance. Their inhibition by specific inhibitors or suppression of gene expression would therefore greatly impair the uncontrolled growth of tumour cells and increase the efficacy of chemotherapy.