Between the two states, the configuration coordinate can also be continuously expanded or compressed. In this case, the electrochemical reaction takes place in a "normal region" (See Fig. ). Here, thermodynamics and kinetics are directly related, i.e., a reaction with a larger negative ∆A 0 IJ is faster. Both vertical gaps are also positive. Of the reactions, only DMDQ +2/+1 , OH-Vi +2/+1 , and Me-Vi +2/+1 exist in the normal Marcus region. An electron hopping along the vertical gap releases energy if ∆E IJ [R I ] is negative. Therefore, in the 2HNQ 0/-1 reaction, the electron can spontaneously jump from the ground state I to the excited state J, while the whole system fluctuates around the minima of the state I (R I ).