Before T cell activation, T n cells mainly use oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in mitochondria . Cell metabolism is optimized for minimal energy consumption for cells in resting states like T N cells. T N cells use imported nutrients to produce energy through OXPHOS, which breaks down nutrients like fatty acids, amino acids, and glucose . Upon encountering an antigen, T n cells activate and transform into T EFF cells, triggering an accelerated metabolism and promoting aerobic glycolysis . However, memory cell subsets remain similar to T n cells in that they largely depend on OXPHOS as opposed to glycolysis . Recent studies indicate that the sustained elevation of glycolysis hinders the development of long-lived memory cells. Pushing T cells toward an irreversibly differentiated state causes an inability to persist post-adoptive cell transfer (ACT) . Therefore, to achieve sustained persistence, strategies should shift the metabolic processes from glycolysis towards OXPHOS to induce more T SCM and T EM cells.