Next, a real-time observation of the formation process of the capsular DNA coacervates during decreasing temperatures from 80°C to 30°C was performed (Figure ). Fractal analysis was performed on the jagged porous structures of the capsular DNA coacervates (Figure ). The fractal-dimension values were calculated using the box-counting method. The 3D microscopic images of the capsular DNA coacervates were first binarized, then their reconstructed images on a spherical surface were obtained (Figure In summary, these results revealed that there were two types of porous formations driven by different microphase separation processes depending on the DNA concentrations: (i) simple phase separation and (ii) cluster-cluster aggregation after phase separation (Figure ). In general, soft matter systems exhibit transient porous structures of minor slower-diffusion components in major faster-diffusion components through the VPS , which include two typical processes depending on the concentration of the slower-diffusion components transient continuous liquid-like coacervate while expelling the solvent molecules. Then, the DNA coacervate phase-separates in a viscoelastic manner to form many round porous structures (Figure ), similar to the sponge-like porous structure of general soft matter . In contrast, at a lower DNA concentration (CDNA= 5 μM), DNA Y-motifs formed transient discrete coacervate particles by VPS; the discrete DNA coacervate particles showed clustercluster aggregation to form jagged porous structures (Figure ), similar to the network-like porous structure of general soft matter .