The versatility of Lugdunin's ionophore-like activity offers a compelling strategy for future antibiotic development. The ability of MD simulations to elucidate both the vertical aspects of its mechanism (e.g., membrane insertion, pore formation, and stabilization) and the horizontal aspects (e.g., structure-activity relationships across different bacterial membranes) has proven invaluable. This mechanistic understanding was further supported by experimental techniques, such as Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and transmembrane current recordings, which confirmed the formation of stable nanotubes by Lugdunin and shed light its ion transport properties .