The spectral change owing to the 1 LED contribution was confirmed from the host dependence of different donor materials. When hosts cannot form an intermolecular CT state with a guest such as ZEONOR or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), the intrinsic 1 LED emission can be obtained (Fig. ). Because DTAPC (HOMO = -4.99 eV, LUMO = -1.87 eV) and AAPC (HOMO = -4.92 eV, LUMO = -1.78 eV) have identical optical gap, their spectral peaks in ZEONOR and PMMA are consistent (Figs. ). Similarly, because the HOMO energies are almost equal, DAAPC/3,7-PPT and DDATA/3,7-PPT exhibit identical broad PL spectra corresponding to their 1 CT (Figs. ). Further, the donor PLs in DPEPO and 2-PPT closely resembled those in PMMA, suggesting that their emissions are primarily from LED with the redshift induced by solid-state solvation. A comparative analysis with other investigated systems (Extended Data Fig. ) revealed that the emissions are predominantly from 1 CT when ΔELUMO is larger than 0.6 eV, and predominantly from 1 LED when the ΔELUMO is smaller than 0.3 eV. A noticeable mixture of 1 LED and 1 CT emissions was observed when ΔELUMO = 0.3-0.6 eV. In systems where the spectral components are exclusively either 1 LED or CT, the PL and LPL spectra are almost identical. However, in mixed systems with LED and 1 CT components, the LPL spectra show a significant redshift and broadening compared with the PL spectra attributed to the higher proportion of CT emission in the LPL spectra. This is because LPL emissions are dominated by geminate charge recombination, whereas PL primarily evolves from the initial excited states. The broadening of the electroluminescence spectrum relative to the PL spectrum further supports this hypothesis (Supplementary Fig. ).