This improves light absorption, charge transfer, photocorrosion reduction, hole-electron pair separation, thermodynamic barrier reduction, and hydrogen generation (~30 mmol g -1 h -1 ; AQE-14.3%). Additionally, SO-CdS exhibits high reusability and offers cost benefits in comparison to Pristine CdS. This innovative method of using leftover Spinacia oleracea waste to generate hydrogen is significant for energy applications, carbon recycling, and pollution control.