TFA was detected in human blood from China with median concentrations of 8.46 µg/L, similar to the levels of long-chain PFAAs, although TFA is not considered bioaccumulative according to regulatory criteria (which typically refer to bioaccumulation in aquatic species entering the food chain and not to bioaccumulation in plants) . A similar study in the USA reported a median of 6 µg/L and a maximum of 77 µg/L , where TFA alone had a 57% contribution to the total mass of 39 detected PFAS in human serum. Thus, the concentrations of TFA in non-occupationally exposed US citizens are similar to the concentrations of bioaccumulative legacy long-chain PFAAs (e.g., PFOS, PFHxS, PFNA, PFDA) measured in the serum of occupationally exposed workers . Because of high uptake, TFA reaches levels in human serum that are much higher than its low bioaccumulation potential in aquatic species would indicate.