The characterization results showed that the ternary doped catalysts had improved visible light absorption, reduced recombination, and promoted higher crystallinity compared to monodoped and codoped catalysts. The particle size analysis results showed that the particle size of the ternary doped catalysts was in the range of 10-50 nm, which is suitable for photocatalytic applications. The BET surface area analysis results showed that the surface area of the ternary doped catalysts was in the range of 50-100 m2/g, which is higher than that of monodoped and codoped catalysts. The SEM and TEM analysis results showed that the ternary doped catalysts had a uniform particle size distribution and a well-defined morphology. The XRD analysis results showed that the ternary doped catalysts had a higher anatase phase content and a smaller crystal size compared to monodoped and codoped catalysts. The Raman spectroscopy results showed that the ternary doped catalysts had a higher degree of crystallinity compared to monodoped and codoped catalysts. The XPS analysis results showed that the Ti (2p), O (1s), B (1s), and Ce (3d) peaks were present in the ternary doped catalysts, indicating the successful doping of the elements. The DRS analysis results showed that the bandgap energy values of the ternary doped catalysts were lower than those of monodoped and codoped catalysts, indicating improved visible light absorption. The photoluminescence analysis results showed that the ternary doped catalysts had lower recombination rates compared to monodoped and codoped catalysts.