A neodymium magnet disc (25mm x 10mm x 6mm) with a vertical pull of 14.8 kg (N42, ~1.2 Tesla) (First4Magnets®, UK) was employed. Neodymium magnets, permanent potent static magnets made from rare-earth element alloys, are quite affordable and suitable for use at room temperature. The magnet was cling-filmed, to avoid corrosion, and then placed it in the centre of the beaker base underneath the submerged zeolite drum for 180 min starting from the beginning of the experiment. This was done to stimulate copper deposition on the zinc-reinforced surfaces of the zeolite, drawing on the rapid deposition process shown by , see Fig. for an illustration of the design. After the time-bound application, the magnet was carefully removed without affecting the integrity of the zeolite drum. The zinc-reinforced zeolite forms (via gel adhesion or plasma sputtering) were tested with and without the presence of the magnet. For the treatment levels where the V. faba bio-trap accompanied the zinc-gel-reinforced zeolite, the root of the hanging plant was placed in close proximity to the magnet, while the zeolite drum was submerged directly over the magnet, Fig. . The zeolites (raw or zinc-gel-reinforced)