The coherence between metabolic and epigenomic process that supports the various tumor hallmarks including proliferation, invasiveness, metastasis and drug resistance is being unraveled . Emerging observations support the role of lactate as a non-metabolic signaling molecule that promotes lactylation and post-translational modification of a lysine residue on histone and other target proteins such as PKM2 and beta-catenin . At the same time, lactylation is reported in certain types of cells including macrophages, and is linked to the transcriptional changes that help the M1 macrophages to be changed into M2 macrophages .