Nucleotide-based therapeutics have sequence-specific ability to treat various diseases by modulating gene expression They have the potential for precise and customized treatment at the fundamental genetic level. Despite the huge potential of this family of therapeutics, clinical application is limited because of their low stability and poor bioavailability. In order to overcome these challenges, nucleic acid drugs can be packaged and delivered using viral gene delivery vectors, which inherently have high infection capacity. The high infection efficiency, however, comes at the compromise of pathological safety, elevated immunogenicity, low loading capacity, and high production costs. This has prompted the development of safer non-viral gene delivery vectors, which provide high versatility, cost-effectiveness, and high capacity to encapsulate payloads ranging from small oligonucleotides to large DNA plasmids .