The main DNA probe attachment approaches have already been explained in a great detail in excellent recent reviews published by , , and and therefore, they will not be discussed herein. In this review, we have classified the sensors for general E. coli and STEC detection into different categories based on the electrode materials (gold, ITO, SPE) while the last section summarises the use of magnetic particles. Several strategies have been developed by researchers to improve performance of the DNA sensors, such as integration of nanostructures, or polymers and miniaturisation of the system.