We selected the deconstructed Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-GFP TRBO reporter system. The TRBO system is composed of a big, single transcription unit and is a robust fluorescence reporter system that is visually detectable and can confirm both the delivery of a large plasmid into the plant cell and in planta expression of a large functional unit. The TRBO-G plasmid (11.3-kb) was conjugated with PEI-SWCNTs to make a DNA-PEI-SWCNT complex at a 1:3 DNA-to-PEI 30 -SWCNT mass ratio. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis confirmed that similar to the 4.2kb plasmid mentioned above, the 11.3-kb plasmid DNA was properly adsorbed onto the PEI-SWCNT surface (Fig. , Supporting Text 1).