where 𝜏 is the excited-state lifetime, and N0 is the remaining population not expected to deactivate within this time constant. On the other hand, we employed 𝑓 𝑏 (𝑡) = 𝐴𝑒 -𝑡/𝜏 1 + (1 -𝐴)𝑒 -𝑡/𝜏 2 as the bi-exponential function with time constants 𝜏 1 and 𝜏 2 , and 𝐴 is the pre-exponential factor. The fitting parameters are tabulated in section 6 of the SI. In the following, we will focus on the bi-exponential fitting results. The key figures are given in Table .