In 1965, Umezawa and co-workers isolated an aminoglycoside antibiotic from the bacteria Streptomyces kasugiensis; because this bacterial strain was found in a soil sample near the Kasuga shrine in Nara, Japan, they named the natural product kasugamycin (Figure ). Remarkably, unlike many other aminoglycosides, which are potent antibacterial antibiotics, kasugamycin only exhibited weak antibacterial activity. However, it was found to be a potent antifungal agent and continues to be agriculturally used to control rice blast disease. Kasugamycin is quite sensitive to heat and light exposure, and, in the environment, rapidly degrades into a related compound named kasuganobiosamine. As a target for total synthesis, kasugamycin has lain dormant for more than 50 years. Our laboratory has a deep interest in the development of new reactions to simplify the syntheses of structurally complex, anti-infective molecules. We envision such syntheses will serve as foundations for future function-oriented medicinal chemistry efforts. Thus, we chose kasugamycin as a worthy target both for its challenging, heteroatom adorned framework and for its potent antifungal activity. Here, we report the first enantioselective total syntheses of (+)-kasugamycin and (+)-kasuganobiosamine.