The operation of kidney transplants involves donor kidney retrieval (donor nephrectomy), donor kidney preservation, and vascular and ureteric reconstruction . Among them, the quality of a donor's kidney directly influences the outcome of the transplantation. Furthermore, the anastomosis of vascular and ureterovesical also affects the reperfusion and urine excretion of implanted kidneys, which play a significant role for a successful renal transplantation surgery . Therefore, real-time evaluation and monitoring the reperfusion and urine excretion of kidney before, during and after the kidney implant will benefit a lot for increasing the success rate of renal transplant surgery. Traditionally, the patency of the vascular anastomosis was determined by visual inspection of arterial pulse quality, venous filling, color, and turgidity of the renal graft , which mainly depended on the surgeons' experience and easily led to incorrect identification. Although imaging techniques like Doppler ultrasound, X-ray angiography , computed tomography (CT) , magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) , and radionuclide imaging could be used for diagnosing surgical complications and assessing renal graft reperfusion, most of them have limitations for real time monitoring and tracing and may even suffer the drawbacks of radioactive injure , expensive costs, and cumbersome operations. In terms of these, fluorescence imaging technology has emerged as an ideal pathway for in situ and real time monitoring various diagnosis or therapeutic processes such as cancer imaging in oncological surgeries, angiography and intraoperative identification of ureters . Therefore, utilizing fluorescence imaging technology to evaluate the reperfusion of donor kidney and monitor the anastomosis of vascular and ureterovesical provides a feasible approach to improve the success rate of renal transplantation surgery.