Meanwhile, peptide-derived, GE libraries of 10 5 -10 10 scale are trivially accessible via biosynthetic production, which originates from low-cost DNA libraries. Requiring no expensive robotics nor MS equipment, GE libraries are deconvoluted with the NGS instruments. The growth in affordability and availability of NGS exceeds Moore's law, and a $100 price tag for sequencing of 10 5 DNA molecules makes a GE screen a "commodity". The open challenge becomes whether those commodity peptide-based GE libraries can be upgraded to give rise to value-added hits that contain chemical functionalities and architectural elements not presented in traditional natural peptides.