Oppositely, in the samples with 38 % and 48 % porosities the large 𝒁 𝒄𝒄 shadows and alters the TLM shape as a whole. In these cases, there is not enough information for the model to maintain the same number of parameters and many of them become redundant. This results in unreliable tortuosity factor values lacking physical meaning. These can be observed in Figure , where The exact values for the 38 % and 48 % porosities for the 95 % AM must be taken with care because the reliability of the 𝑹 𝒄𝒄 is also affected by the uncertainty of 𝑹 𝒊𝒐𝒏 as per equation (1).