1. Introduction: Zinc oxide is an interesting metal oxide material that has gained attention in materials science recently because of its unique properties, which include broad radiation absorption, catalytic activity, high mechanical and chemical stability, electrochemical coupling, and non-toxic behaviour . Its nano size is especially intriguing. Particles that range in size from one to one hundred nanometres are referred to as nanosized particles . Among the many types of nanoparticles, semiconductor nanoparticles have drawn major attention due to their unique properties and wide range of potential uses. Semiconductor nanoparticles are useful in electronics, medicine, and environmental remediation because they differ from their bulk counterparts in their electronic and optical properties. In this instance, semiconductor nanoparticles of particular interest are zinc oxide nanoparticles . ZnO nanoparticles have gained prominence due to their exceptional photocatalytic activity, wide bandgap, and biocompatibility. These nanoparticles are noteworthy as semiconductor materials, playing a pivotal role in a diverse array of applications. Their multifunctionality and versatility make ZnO nanoparticles indispensable in various fields .