Equation S31 illustrates the two-step process used in genGEO to determine the total tower cost, . The first term in Equation S31 is the cost of a reference BAC cooling tower, , with a 1 MW th nominal heat load, ( ). Then, the reference unit cost is scaled by the total cooling and condensing heat rejected, . The up-scaling exponent of 0.8 is adopted from the GETEM flash cooling tower cost relation.