In that case, the ultimate impact on the production cost of end-user products is limited to approximately 1%, assuming there is no opportunistic price increase in the supply chain, among other assumptions. This is because the impact of cost increases in the chemical industry is diluted by the additional material input and value added by companies in the middle of the supply chain. Given the seemingly prohibitive cost increase, it is natural for companies in the middle of the supply chain to delay the introduction of net zero chemicals despite the limited cost impact and regardless of the need for such chemicals at the downstream end of the supply chain. Therefore, it is essential that downstream brand owners who need to reduce scope 3 emissions collaborate with the chemical industry at both ends of the supply chain. For example, they could share signals for the future demand and supply of net zero chemicals via an open coalition.