It costs 1-2.5 billion US dollars and takes 10-15 years for a new drug to be fully developed . Drug development is divided into preclinical and clinical stages. Preclinical studies focus on understanding the mechanisms and targets of candidate drug compounds and validating efficacy and possible toxicity. Drug candidates that pass preclinical screening are routed into clinical trials with human subjects. However, with current technologies, compounds that pass preclinical testing and validation have a low probability (<10%) of being launched as a drug . This high failure rate, largely caused by the limited predictive power of preclinical models, not only drives up the cost and time for drug development, which will eventually be propagated as patients' burdens, but can also lead to unexpected tragic outcomes in clinical trials or even after a drug is marketed. A recent example is the compound BIA10-2474, which killed and disabled human subjects after comprehensive preclinical assessments .