The interfacial-charge transfer kinetics in LIB AMs ultimately manifest as, and can only be measured by, the electrical resistance within the battery cell. As such, it is convenient to characterize the interfacial kinetics in units of resistance (i.e., Ω cm 2 ). In the literature, the interfacial charge-transfer resistance (Rct) is typically measured with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) by applying a sufficiently small voltage excitation (e.g., < 10 mV) to ensure that the kinetics remain in the linear region . For clarity, we refer to the value of Rct measured within the linear region of the kinetics as the linearized charge-transfer resistance (𝑅 𝑐𝑡 0 ), which for a one-step reaction can be calculated from α and I0 according to :