The RO process commonly employs carbon-based materials, particularly graphene, as membranes. This preference can be attributed to their well-established fabrication methods, high permeability, exceptional mechanical properties, low-friction water interactions, and excellent conductivity . Moreover, nanoporous graphene membranes were shown to maintain their mechanical integrity in RO . However, to enhance the effectiveness of the RO process by mitigating the fouling of particles, a critical factor that influences membrane longevity and efficiency , the role of salt contribution becomes increasingly significant. For instance, polyacrylamide derivatives become more coiled as the concentration of NaCl or CaCl 2 salt increases . Research has shown that applying an external electric field across nanoporous membranes can significantly enhance salt rejection by altering ion trajectories and reducing ion permeation .