The effects of resistive heating on total measurement time are also not as problematic for S3E-CP as for LA-GEIS, because only one measurement is needed per current. Overall, S3E-CP measurements can be conducted at much higher current densities than the other methods developed in this work. For example, satisfactory data were collected at a current density of up to 250 mA cm -2 with a 1 h rest time between pulses, but this leads to long measurement times.