Decision-Theoretic Foundations for Causal Reasoning
  We present a definition of cause and effect in terms of decision-theoretic
primitives and thereby provide a principled foundation for causal reasoning.
Our definition departs from the traditional view of causation in that causal
assertions may vary with the set of decisions available. We argue that this
approach provides added clarity to the notion of cause. Also in this paper, we
examine the encoding of causal relationships in directed acyclic graphs. We
describe a special class of influence diagrams, those in canonical form, and
show its relationship to Pearl's representation of cause and effect. Finally,
we show how canonical form facilitates counterfactual reasoning.
