DATALOG with constraints - an answer-set programming system
  Answer-set programming (ASP) has emerged recently as a viable programming
paradigm well attuned to search problems in AI, constraint satisfaction and
combinatorics. Propositional logic is, arguably, the simplest ASP system with
an intuitive semantics supporting direct modeling of problem constraints.
However, for some applications, especially those requiring that transitive
closure be computed, it requires additional variables and results in large
theories. Consequently, it may not be a practical computational tool for such
problems. On the other hand, ASP systems based on nonmonotonic logics, such as
stable logic programming, can handle transitive closure computation efficiently
and, in general, yield very concise theories as problem representations. Their
semantics is, however, more complex. Searching for the middle ground, in this
paper we introduce a new nonmonotonic logic, DATALOG with constraints or DC.
Informally, DC theories consist of propositional clauses (constraints) and of
Horn rules. The semantics is a simple and natural extension of the semantics of
the propositional logic. However, thanks to the presence of Horn rules in the
system, modeling of transitive closure becomes straightforward. We describe the
syntax and semantics of DC, and study its properties. We discuss an
implementation of DC and present results of experimental study of the
effectiveness of DC, comparing it with CSAT, a satisfiability checker and
SMODELS implementation of stable logic programming. Our results show that DC is
competitive with the other two approaches, in case of many search problems,
often yielding much more efficient solutions.
