Propositional Knowledge Representation and Reasoning in Restricted
  Boltzmann Machines
  While knowledge representation and reasoning are considered the keys for
human-level artificial intelligence, connectionist networks have been shown
successful in a broad range of applications due to their capacity for robust
learning and flexible inference under uncertainty. The idea of representing
symbolic knowledge in connectionist networks has been well-received and
attracted much attention from research community as this can establish a
foundation for integration of scalable learning and sound reasoning. In
previous work, there exist a number of approaches that map logical inference
rules with feed-forward propagation of artificial neural networks (ANN).
However, the discriminative structure of an ANN requires the separation of
input/output variables which makes it difficult for general reasoning where any
variables should be inferable. Other approaches address this issue by employing
generative models such as symmetric connectionist networks, however, they are
difficult and convoluted. In this paper we propose a novel method to represent
propositional formulas in restricted Boltzmann machines which is less complex,
especially in the cases of logical implications and Horn clauses. An
integration system is then developed and evaluated in real datasets which shows
promising results.
