Physico-chemical and biological treatment of MSW landfill leachate.
This paper analyses the evolution of the physico-chemical characteristics of the leachate from the Central Landfill of Asturias (Spain), which has been operating since 1986, as well as different treatment options. The organic pollutant load of the leachate, expressed as chemical oxygen demand (COD), reached maximum values during the first year of operation of the landfill (around 80,000 mg/L), gradually decreasing over subsequent years to less than 5000 mg/L. The concentration of ammonium, however, has not decreased, presenting values of up to 2000 mg/L. When feasible, recirculation can greatly decrease the organic matter content of the leachate to values of 1500-1600 mg COD/L. Applying anaerobic treatment to leachates with a COD between 11,000 and 16,000 mg/L, removal efficiencies of 80-88% were obtained for organic loading rates of 7 kg COD/m3d. For leachates with lower COD (4000-6000 mg/L), the efficiency decreased to around 60% for organic loading rates of 1 kg COD/m3d. Applying coagulation-flocculation with iron trichloride or with aluminium polychloride, it was possible to reduce the non-biodegradable organic matter by 73-62% when treating old landfill leachate (COD: 4800 mg/L, BOD5: 670 mg/L), also reducing turbidity and colour by more than 97%. It is likewise possible to reduce the non-biodegradable organic matter that remains after biological treatment by adsorption with activated carbon, although adsorption capacities are usually low (from 15 to 150 mg COD/g adsorbent). As regards ammonium nitrogen, this can be reduced to final effluent values of 5 mg/L by means of nitrification/denitrification and to values of 126 mg/L by stripping at pH 12 and 48 h of stirring.