cassandra-trunk/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/cql3/Sets.java
/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.cassandra.cql3;

import static org.apache.cassandra.cql3.Constants.UNSET_VALUE;

import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.SortedSet;
import java.util.TreeSet;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.StreamSupport;

import org.apache.cassandra.cql3.functions.Function;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.DecoratedKey;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.guardrails.Guardrails;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.AbstractType;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.ByteBufferAccessor;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.MapType;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.ReversedType;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.SetType;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.rows.Cell;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.rows.CellPath;
import org.apache.cassandra.exceptions.InvalidRequestException;
import org.apache.cassandra.schema.ColumnMetadata;
import org.apache.cassandra.serializers.CollectionSerializer;
import org.apache.cassandra.serializers.MarshalException;
import org.apache.cassandra.transport.ProtocolVersion;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.ByteBufferUtil;

/**
 * Static helper methods and classes for sets.
 */
public abstract class Sets
{
    private Sets() {}

    public static ColumnSpecification valueSpecOf(ColumnSpecification column)
    {
        return new ColumnSpecification(column.ksName, column.cfName, new ColumnIdentifier("value(" + column.name + ")", true), elementsType(column.type));
    }

    private static AbstractType<?> unwrap(AbstractType<?> type)
    {
        return type.isReversed() ? unwrap(((ReversedType<?>) type).baseType) : type;
    }

    private static AbstractType<?> elementsType(AbstractType<?> type)
    {
        return ((SetType<?>) unwrap(type)).getElementsType();
    }

    /**
     * Tests that the set with the specified elements can be assigned to the specified column.
     *
     * @param receiver the receiving column
     * @param elements the set elements
     */
    public static AssignmentTestable.TestResult testSetAssignment(ColumnSpecification receiver,
                                                                  List<? extends AssignmentTestable> elements)
    {
        if (!(receiver.type instanceof SetType))
        {
            // We've parsed empty maps as a set literal to break the ambiguity so handle that case now
            if (receiver.type instanceof MapType && elements.isEmpty())
                return AssignmentTestable.TestResult.WEAKLY_ASSIGNABLE;

            return AssignmentTestable.TestResult.NOT_ASSIGNABLE;
        }

        // If there is no elements, we can't say it's an exact match (an empty set if fundamentally polymorphic).
        if (elements.isEmpty())
            return AssignmentTestable.TestResult.WEAKLY_ASSIGNABLE;

        ColumnSpecification valueSpec = valueSpecOf(receiver);
        return AssignmentTestable.TestResult.testAll(receiver.ksName, valueSpec, elements);
    }

    /**
     * Create a <code>String</code> representation of the set containing the specified elements.
     *
     * @param elements the set elements
     * @return a <code>String</code> representation of the set
     */
    public static String setToString(List<?> elements)
    {
        return setToString(elements, Object::toString);
    }

    /**
     * Create a <code>String</code> representation of the set from the specified items associated to
     * the set elements.
     *
     * @param items items associated to the set elements
     * @param mapper the mapper used to map the items to the <code>String</code> representation of the set elements
     * @return a <code>String</code> representation of the set
     */
    public static <T> String setToString(Iterable<T> items, java.util.function.Function<T, String> mapper)
    {
        return StreamSupport.stream(items.spliterator(), false)
                            .map(mapper)
                            .collect(Collectors.joining(", ", "{", "}"));
    }

    /**
     * Returns the exact SetType from the items if it can be known.
     *
     * @param items the items mapped to the set elements
     * @param mapper the mapper used to retrieve the element types from the items
     * @return the exact SetType from the items if it can be known or <code>null</code>
     */
    public static <T> SetType<?> getExactSetTypeIfKnown(List<T> items,
                                                        java.util.function.Function<T, AbstractType<?>> mapper)
    {
        Optional<AbstractType<?>> type = items.stream().map(mapper).filter(Objects::nonNull).findFirst();
        return type.isPresent() ? SetType.getInstance(type.get(), false) : null;
    }

    public static <T> SetType<?> getPreferredCompatibleType(List<T> items,
                                                            java.util.function.Function<T, AbstractType<?>> mapper)
    {
        Set<AbstractType<?>> types = items.stream().map(mapper).filter(Objects::nonNull).collect(Collectors.toSet());
        AbstractType<?> type = AssignmentTestable.getCompatibleTypeIfKnown(types);
        return type == null ? null : SetType.getInstance(type, false);
    }

    public static class Literal extends Term.Raw
    {
        private final List<Term.Raw> elements;

        public Literal(List<Term.Raw> elements)
        {
            this.elements = elements;
        }

        public Term prepare(String keyspace, ColumnSpecification receiver) throws InvalidRequestException
        {
            validateAssignableTo(keyspace, receiver);

            // We've parsed empty maps as a set literal to break the ambiguity so
            // handle that case now
            if (receiver.type instanceof MapType && elements.isEmpty())
                return new Maps.Value(Collections.emptySortedMap());

            ColumnSpecification valueSpec = Sets.valueSpecOf(receiver);
            Set<Term> values = new HashSet<>(elements.size());
            boolean allTerminal = true;
            for (Term.Raw rt : elements)
            {
                Term t = rt.prepare(keyspace, valueSpec);

                if (t.containsBindMarker())
                    throw new InvalidRequestException(String.format("Invalid set literal for %s: bind variables are not supported inside collection literals", receiver.name));

                if (t instanceof Term.NonTerminal)
                    allTerminal = false;

                values.add(t);
            }
            DelayedValue value = new DelayedValue(elementsType(receiver.type), values);
            return allTerminal ? value.bind(QueryOptions.DEFAULT) : value;
        }

        private void validateAssignableTo(String keyspace, ColumnSpecification receiver) throws InvalidRequestException
        {
            AbstractType<?> type = unwrap(receiver.type);

            if (!(type instanceof SetType))
            {
                // We've parsed empty maps as a set literal to break the ambiguity so
                // handle that case now
                if ((type instanceof MapType) && elements.isEmpty())
                    return;

                throw new InvalidRequestException(String.format("Invalid set literal for %s of type %s", receiver.name, receiver.type.asCQL3Type()));
            }

            ColumnSpecification valueSpec = Sets.valueSpecOf(receiver);
            for (Term.Raw rt : elements)
            {
                if (!rt.testAssignment(keyspace, valueSpec).isAssignable())
                    throw new InvalidRequestException(String.format("Invalid set literal for %s: value %s is not of type %s", receiver.name, rt, valueSpec.type.asCQL3Type()));
            }
        }

        public AssignmentTestable.TestResult testAssignment(String keyspace, ColumnSpecification receiver)
        {
            return testSetAssignment(receiver, elements);
        }

        @Override
        public AbstractType<?> getExactTypeIfKnown(String keyspace)
        {
            return getExactSetTypeIfKnown(elements, p -> p.getExactTypeIfKnown(keyspace));
        }

        @Override
        public AbstractType<?> getCompatibleTypeIfKnown(String keyspace)
        {
            return Sets.getPreferredCompatibleType(elements, p -> p.getCompatibleTypeIfKnown(keyspace));
        }

        public String getText()
        {
            return setToString(elements, Term.Raw::getText);
        }
    }

    public static class Value extends Term.Terminal
    {
        public final SortedSet<ByteBuffer> elements;

        public Value(SortedSet<ByteBuffer> elements)
        {
            this.elements = elements;
        }

        public static <T> Value fromSerialized(ByteBuffer value, SetType<T> type) throws InvalidRequestException
        {
            try
            {
                // Collections have this small hack that validate cannot be called on a serialized object,
                // but compose does the validation (so we're fine).
                Set<T> s = type.getSerializer().deserialize(value, ByteBufferAccessor.instance);
                SortedSet<ByteBuffer> elements = new TreeSet<>(type.getElementsType());
                for (T element : s)
                    elements.add(type.getElementsType().decomposeUntyped(element));
                return new Value(elements);
            }
            catch (MarshalException e)
            {
                throw new InvalidRequestException(e.getMessage());
            }
        }

        public ByteBuffer get(ProtocolVersion version)
        {
            return CollectionSerializer.pack(elements, elements.size());
        }

        public boolean equals(SetType<?> st, Value v)
        {
            if (elements.size() != v.elements.size())
                return false;

            Iterator<ByteBuffer> thisIter = elements.iterator();
            Iterator<ByteBuffer> thatIter = v.elements.iterator();
            AbstractType<?> elementsType = st.getElementsType();
            while (thisIter.hasNext())
                if (elementsType.compare(thisIter.next(), thatIter.next()) != 0)
                    return false;

            return true;
        }
    }

    // See Lists.DelayedValue
    public static class DelayedValue extends Term.NonTerminal
    {
        private final Comparator<ByteBuffer> comparator;
        private final Set<Term> elements;

        public DelayedValue(Comparator<ByteBuffer> comparator, Set<Term> elements)
        {
            this.comparator = comparator;
            this.elements = elements;
        }

        public boolean containsBindMarker()
        {
            // False since we don't support them in collection
            return false;
        }

        public void collectMarkerSpecification(VariableSpecifications boundNames)
        {
        }

        public Terminal bind(QueryOptions options) throws InvalidRequestException
        {
            SortedSet<ByteBuffer> buffers = new TreeSet<>(comparator);
            for (Term t : elements)
            {
                ByteBuffer bytes = t.bindAndGet(options);

                if (bytes == null)
                    throw new InvalidRequestException("null is not supported inside collections");
                if (bytes == ByteBufferUtil.UNSET_BYTE_BUFFER)
                    return UNSET_VALUE;

                buffers.add(bytes);
            }
            return new Value(buffers);
        }

        public void addFunctionsTo(List<Function> functions)
        {
            Terms.addFunctions(elements, functions);
        }
    }

    public static class Marker extends AbstractMarker
    {
        protected Marker(int bindIndex, ColumnSpecification receiver)
        {
            super(bindIndex, receiver);
            assert receiver.type instanceof SetType;
        }

        public Terminal bind(QueryOptions options) throws InvalidRequestException
        {
            ByteBuffer value = options.getValues().get(bindIndex);
            if (value == null)
                return null;
            if (value == ByteBufferUtil.UNSET_BYTE_BUFFER)
                return UNSET_VALUE;
            return Value.fromSerialized(value, (SetType<?>) receiver.type);
        }
    }

    public static class Setter extends Operation
    {
        public Setter(ColumnMetadata column, Term t)
        {
            super(column, t);
        }

        public void execute(DecoratedKey partitionKey, UpdateParameters params) throws InvalidRequestException
        {
            Term.Terminal value = t.bind(params.options);
            if (value == UNSET_VALUE)
                return;

            // delete + add
            if (column.type.isMultiCell())
                params.setComplexDeletionTimeForOverwrite(column);
            Adder.doAdd(value, column, params);
        }
    }

    public static class Adder extends Operation
    {
        public Adder(ColumnMetadata column, Term t)
        {
            super(column, t);
        }

        public void execute(DecoratedKey partitionKey, UpdateParameters params) throws InvalidRequestException
        {
            assert column.type.isMultiCell() : "Attempted to add items to a frozen set";
            Term.Terminal value = t.bind(params.options);
            if (value != UNSET_VALUE)
                doAdd(value, column, params);
        }

        static void doAdd(Term.Terminal value, ColumnMetadata column, UpdateParameters params) throws InvalidRequestException
        {
            if (value == null)
            {
                // for frozen sets, we're overwriting the whole cell
                if (!column.type.isMultiCell())
                    params.addTombstone(column);

                return;
            }

            SortedSet<ByteBuffer> elements = ((Value) value).elements;

            if (column.type.isMultiCell())
            {
                if (elements.size() == 0)
                    return;

                // Guardrails about collection size are only checked for the added elements without considering
                // already existent elements. This is done so to avoid read-before-write, having additional checks
                // during SSTable write.
                Guardrails.itemsPerCollection.guard(elements.size(), column.name.toString(), false, params.clientState);

                int dataSize = 0;
                for (ByteBuffer bb : elements)
                {
                    if (bb == ByteBufferUtil.UNSET_BYTE_BUFFER)
                        continue;

                    Cell<?> cell = params.addCell(column, CellPath.create(bb), ByteBufferUtil.EMPTY_BYTE_BUFFER);
                    dataSize += cell.dataSize();
                }
                Guardrails.collectionSize.guard(dataSize, column.name.toString(), false, params.clientState);
            }
            else
            {
                Guardrails.itemsPerCollection.guard(elements.size(), column.name.toString(), false, params.clientState);
                Cell<?> cell = params.addCell(column, value.get(ProtocolVersion.CURRENT));
                Guardrails.collectionSize.guard(cell.dataSize(), column.name.toString(), false, params.clientState);
            }
        }
    }

    // Note that this is reused for Map subtraction too (we subtract a set from a map)
    public static class Discarder extends Operation
    {
        public Discarder(ColumnMetadata column, Term t)
        {
            super(column, t);
        }

        public void execute(DecoratedKey partitionKey, UpdateParameters params) throws InvalidRequestException
        {
            assert column.type.isMultiCell() : "Attempted to remove items from a frozen set";

            Term.Terminal value = t.bind(params.options);
            if (value == null || value == UNSET_VALUE)
                return;

            // This can be either a set or a single element
            Set<ByteBuffer> toDiscard = value instanceof Sets.Value
                                      ? ((Sets.Value)value).elements
                                      : Collections.singleton(value.get(params.options.getProtocolVersion()));

            for (ByteBuffer bb : toDiscard)
                params.addTombstone(column, CellPath.create(bb));
        }
    }

    public static class ElementDiscarder extends Operation
    {
        public ElementDiscarder(ColumnMetadata column, Term k)
        {
            super(column, k);
        }

        public void execute(DecoratedKey partitionKey, UpdateParameters params) throws InvalidRequestException
        {
            assert column.type.isMultiCell() : "Attempted to delete a single element in a frozen set";
            Term.Terminal elt = t.bind(params.options);
            if (elt == null)
                throw new InvalidRequestException("Invalid null set element");

            params.addTombstone(column, CellPath.create(elt.get(params.options.getProtocolVersion())));
        }
    }
}
