/*
 * Copyright (c) 2002 - 2006 IBM Corporation.
 * All rights reserved. This program and the accompanying materials
 * are made available under the terms of the Eclipse Public License v1.0
 * which accompanies this distribution, and is available at
 * http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html
 *
 * Contributors:
 *     IBM Corporation - initial API and implementation
 */
package com.ibm.wala.util.graph.traverse;

import com.ibm.wala.util.collections.HashMapFactory;
import com.ibm.wala.util.collections.HashSetFactory;
import com.ibm.wala.util.collections.NonNullSingletonIterator;
import com.ibm.wala.util.graph.Graph;
import java.util.ArrayDeque;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.function.Predicate;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * This class searches breadth-first for node that matches some criteria. If found, it reports a
 * path to the first node found.
 *
 * <p>This class follows the outNodes of the graph nodes to define the graph, but this behavior can
 * be changed by overriding the getConnected method.
 *
 * <p>TODO: if finding many paths, use a dynamic programming algorithm instead of calling this
 * repeatedly.
 */
public class BFSPathFinder<T> {

  private final boolean DEBUG = false;

  /** The graph to search */
  private final Graph<T> G;

  /** The Filter which defines the target set of nodes to find */
  private final Predicate<T> filter;

  /** an enumeration of all nodes to search from */
  private final Iterator<T> roots;

  /**
   * Construct a breadth-first enumerator starting with a particular node in a directed graph.
   *
   * @param G the graph whose nodes to enumerate
   */
  public BFSPathFinder(Graph<T> G, T N, Predicate<T> f) {
    if (G == null) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("G is null");
    }
    if (f == null) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("null f");
    }
    this.G = G;
    this.roots = new NonNullSingletonIterator<>(N);
    this.filter = f;
  }

  /**
   * Construct a breadth-first enumerator starting with a particular node in a directed graph.
   *
   * @param G the graph whose nodes to enumerate
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if G is null
   */
  public BFSPathFinder(Graph<T> G, T src, final T target) throws IllegalArgumentException {
    if (G == null) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("G is null");
    }
    this.G = G;
    this.roots = new NonNullSingletonIterator<>(src);
    if (!G.containsNode(src)) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("src is not in graph " + src);
    }
    this.filter = target::equals;
  }

  /**
   * Construct a breadth-first enumerator starting with a particular node in a directed graph.
   *
   * @param G the graph whose nodes to enumerate
   */
  public BFSPathFinder(Graph<T> G, T src, Iterator<T> targets) {
    if (targets == null) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("targets is null");
    }
    final Set<T> ts = HashSetFactory.make();
    while (targets.hasNext()) {
      ts.add(targets.next());
    }

    this.G = G;
    this.roots = new NonNullSingletonIterator<>(src);

    this.filter = ts::contains;
  }

  /**
   * Construct a breadth-first enumerator starting with any of a set of nodes in a directed graph.
   *
   * @param G the graph whose nodes to enumerate
   */
  public BFSPathFinder(Graph<T> G, Iterator<T> sources, final T target) {
    if (G == null) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("G is null");
    }
    if (sources == null) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("sources is null");
    }
    this.G = G;
    this.roots = sources;
    this.filter = target::equals;
  }

  /**
   * Construct a breadth-first enumerator across the (possibly improper) subset of nodes reachable
   * from the nodes in the given enumeration.
   *
   * @param nodes the set of nodes from which to start searching
   */
  public BFSPathFinder(Graph<T> G, Iterator<T> nodes, Predicate<T> f) {
    this.G = G;
    this.roots = nodes;
    this.filter = f;
    if (G == null) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("G is null");
    }
    if (roots == null) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("roots is null");
    }
  }

  @Nullable private ArrayDeque<T> Q = null;
  @Nullable private HashMap<Object, T> history = null;

  /**
   * @return a List of nodes that specifies the first path found from a root to a node accepted by
   *     the filter. Returns null if no path found.
   */
  @NullUnmarked
  @Nullable
  public List<T> find() {
    if (Q == null) {
      Q = new ArrayDeque<>();
      history = HashMapFactory.make();
      while (roots.hasNext()) {
        T next = roots.next();
        Q.addLast(next);
        history.put(next, null);
      }
    }
    while (!Q.isEmpty()) {
      T N = Q.removeFirst();
      if (DEBUG) {
        System.err.println(("visit " + N));
      }
      if (filter.test(N)) {
        return makePath(N, history);
      }
      Iterator<? extends T> children = getConnected(N);
      while (children.hasNext()) {
        T c = children.next();
        if (!history.containsKey(c)) {
          Q.addLast(c);
          history.put(c, N);
        }
      }
    }

    return null;
  }

  /**
   * @return a List which represents a path in the breadth-first search to Q[i]. Q holds the nodes
   *     visited during the BFS, in order.
   */
  @NullUnmarked
  private List<T> makePath(T node, @Nullable Map<Object, T> history) {
    ArrayList<T> result = new ArrayList<>();
    T n = node;
    result.add(n);
    while (true) {
      T parent = history.get(n);
      if (parent == null) return result;
      else {
        result.add(parent);
        n = parent;
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * get the out edges of a given node
   *
   * @param n the node of which to get the out edges
   * @return the out edges
   */
  protected Iterator<? extends T> getConnected(T n) {
    return G.getSuccNodes(n);
  }
}
