<prompt> Translate the following text to EnglishTathmini ya Confounding, Athari Modification, na Vipimo katika Ushirikiano Kati ya Chembe za Mazingira na Mauti ya Kila Siku Environ.  <response>: Assessing Confounding, Effect Modification, and Thresholds in the Association Between Ambient Particles and Daily Deaths Environ. 