<prompt> Translate the following text to EnglishHatua ya utetezi yaweza kushindwa wakati ni upendeleo maalum tu unaopewa wale ambao wana wazazi sahihi, iwe haki inamaanisha nasaba ya elimu au rangi ya ngozi.  <response>: Affirmative action is likely to fail when it is merely a special preference bestowed upon those who have the right parents, whether right means educational pedigree or skin color. 