<prompt> Translate the following text to SwahiliTwo types of community epidemiological studies involving measures of short-term and long-term exposures and response have been used to estimate PM mortality relationships.  <response>: Aina mbili za utafiti wa jumuiya ya magonjwa kuhusisha vipimo vya muda mfupi na muda mrefu wa mfiduo na majibu zimetumika kukadiria uhusiano wa PM na vifo. 