<prompt> Translate the following text to EnglishKutoa mapendekezo ya kununua au kuweka kwa muda mfupi kwa wazi huongeza shinikizo kwa makampuni kukidhi na kushinda matarajio ya mapato kwa gharama yoyote.  <response>: Their issuing of short-term buy or short-term hold recommendations obviously intensifies pressure on companies to meet and beat earnings expectations at all costs. 