<prompt> Translate the following text to EnglishKwa kiwango ambacho hatari za vifo zinazozungumziwa katika tathmini hii zinahusishwa na vipindi vya muda mrefu vya ugonjwa au maumivu na mateso makubwa kuliko hatari zinazozungumziwa katika fasihi ya tathmini, vipimo vya WTP vilivyotumika katika uchambuzi huu vinaonyesha upendeleo wa chini.  <response>: To the extent that the mortality risks addressed in this assessment are associated with longer periods of illness or greater pain and suffering than are the risks addressed in the valuation literature, the WTP measurements employed in the present analysis would reflect a downward bias. 