<prompt> Translate the following text to EnglishBias ni kiwango ambacho kipimo, sampuli, au njia ya uchambuzi kwa utaratibu underestimates au overestimates thamani ya kweli ya sifa.  <response>: Bias The extent to which a measurement, sampling, or analytic method systematically underestimates or overestimates the true value of an attribute. 