<prompt> Translate the following text to SwahiliEffect is linked to cause by design and analyses that compare observed results with estimates of what might have been observed in the absence of the program.  <response>: Athari ni kushikamana na sababu kwa kubuni na uchambuzi kwamba kulinganisha matokeo aliona na makadirio ya nini inaweza kuwa aliona katika kukosekana kwa mpango. 