<prompt> Answer this question truthfullyWhat is the medical treatment for Type 1 diabetes mellitus?  <response>: <reason> Type 1 diabetes is characterized by an absolute insulin deficiency. For these patients, a basal-bolus regimen with a long-acting analog and a short- or rapid-acting insulin analog is the most physiologic insulin regimen and the best option for optimal glycemic control. The medical therapy for type 1 DM: Insulin Algorithm for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adults ABBREVIATIONS BASAL: Glargine or Detemir BOLUS Prandial: Reg: Regular Insulin peak action 3-4 hrs RAI: Rapid Acting Insulin Aspart, Glulisine, or Lispro peak action 1-1 12 hrs PPG: Post-Prandial Glucose SMBG: Self-monitored blood glucose TDI: Total daily insulin dosage in units Split-Mix Insulin Therapies 1. Two shots: NPH Reg or RAI 2:1 ratio AM; 1:1 ratio PM 2. Three shots: AM: NPH Reg or RAI PM: Reg or RAI HS: NPH 23 TDI ÷ as 23 AM NPH 13 as Reg or RAI 13 TDI ÷ as 12 PM Reg or RAI 12 NPH at HS 3. Two shots Premix 23 AM 13 PM Total Daily Insulin: 0.3-0.5 unitskgday, and titrate to glycemic targets Follow A1c Every 3-6 months and Adjust Regimen to Maintain Glycemic Targets OR Intensive Insulin Therapy IIT Physiologic Insulin -1:1 basal:bolus ratio SQ Basal: Glargine QD or Detemir QD-BID Bolus: RAI or Reg before each meal: If meal skipped, skip dose. Premeal insulin dose include s: 1. Insulin to cover carbohydrate ingested; 1 unit RAI covers 500TDI grams carbohydrate from meal 2. Additional insulin to correct for high SMBG; 1 unit RAI lowers PG by approximately 1800TDI mgdL. Reg lowers PG by 1500TDI 3. Consider adjustment for exercise Total Daily Insulin 5: 0.3-0.5 unitskgday and titrate to glycemic targets Follow A1c Every 3-6 months and Adjust Regimen to Maintain glycemic Targets Pramlintide Consider as adjunct therapy to insulin in patients unable to stabilize PPG. Footnotes 1 Consider referring all type 1 patients to pediatricadult endocrinologistcomprehensive diabetes specialty team, and consider continuous glucose monitoring. If insulin pump therapy is considered-refer to Certified Pump Trainer. 2 Modern glucose meters give values corrected to plasma glucose. 3 Most type 1 patients need IIT to attain glycemic targets; IIT may be by SQ multiple injection or by SQ continuous insulin pump. 4 Dosages may differ in children and adolescents. 5 Dosage does not depend on patients race. 6 Twice daily dosing may be required at low basal insulin doses. 7 Strongly recommend referral to RegisteredLicensed Dietitian or Certified Diabetes Educator with experience in diabetes nutrition counseling. 8 Consider decreasing 1 unit for every 30 minute s of vigorous physical activity.Insulin receiving patients who took Sotagliflozin had better glycemic control compared to control group with glycated hemoglobin level HbA1c lower than 7.0 and lower risk of sever hypoglycemia. Although chance of diabetic ketoacidosis is higher with Sotagliflozin. 