 I-Ultrasonics: Izicelo nezinqubo - Hielscher Ultrasound TechnologyUltrasonics: Izicelo nezinquboI-Ultrasonication isetshenziselwa izinhlelo eziningi, njenge-homogenizing, ukuhlakazeka, i-sonochemistry, i-degassing noma yokuhlanza. Ngezansi, uthola ukubuka konke okuhleliwe mayelana nezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene ze-ultrasonic nezinqubo.Uyacelwa ukuthi uchofoze ezintweni zohlu olulandelayo ukuze uthole imininingwane engaphezulu kwesicelo ngasinye.Ukuhlakaza nokuDeggomeromUkukhishwa Okumanzi Nokugayaukufakwa kweseliUkushisa Amanzi OkushisayoI-Transesterification i-BiodieselUkutholakala Kokuvuza Amabhodlela NamathiniUkuhlanza i-Wire StripAmaprosesa ase-Ultrasonic asetshenziswa njengama-homogenizers, ukunciphisa izinhlayiya ezincane eketsheni ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukufana nokuzinza. Lezi zinhlayiya isigaba sokusabalalisa kungaba yizici ezinamandla noma iziphuzo. I-ultrasonic homogenizing isebenza kahle kakhulu ekunciphiseni izinhlayiya ezithambile nezikhuni. I-Hielscher ikhiqiza amadivaysi e-ultrasonic ukuze i-homogenization yimuphi umthamo wamanzi we-batch noma inline processing. Amadivayisi we-laboratory ama-ultrasonic angasetshenziselwa amanani amaningi kusuka ku-1.5mL kuya ku-approx. 2L. Amadivaysi asezimboni ze-ultrasonic asetshenziselwa ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo nokukhiqizwa kwamatch kusuka ku-0.5 kuya ku-2000L noma ukugeleza kwamazinga kusuka ku-0.1L kuya ku-20m3 ngehora.Chofoza lapha ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana ne-ultrasonic homogenizing!I-Ultrasonic Dispersing and DeaggomeromUkusabalalisa nokusabalalisa kokuqina kwezidakamizwa kuyisicelo esibalulekile samadivayisi ultrasonic. I-cavitation ye-Ultrasonic ikhiqiza amabutho aphezulu we-shear ephula ama-particle agglomerates zibe yizinhlayiyana ezingabodwa ezihlakazekile. Ukuxuba ama-powders zibe iziphuzo kuyisinyathelo esivamile ekubunjweni kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene, njengopende, Inkinobho, impofu, iziphuzo, noma imidiya yokuphosa. Izinhlayiya zomuntu ngamunye zihlangene ngokukhanga kwemvelo ehlukahlukene yemvelo kanye namakhemikhali, kuhlanganise namandla e-van der Waals nokuxubana kwamanzi. Amandla okukhanga kufanele anqotshwe ukuze aguqulwe futhi ahlakaze izinhlayiya zibe yizindaba ezimanzi. Ukuze ukuhlakazeka nokwehlukaniswa kwamapulders kulesosizi, ukuphakama okukhulu kwe-ultrasonication kuyindlela ekhangayo ekukhiqizeni i-homogenizers ephezulu kanye ne-rotor-stator-mixers.Chofoza lapha ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokusabalalisa kwe-ultrasonic nokususa i-deagglomeration!i-ultrasonic emulsifyingImikhiqizo eminingi ephakathi kanye nabathengi, njenge Izimonyo futhi izici zesikhumba, amafutha okugaya imithi, ama-varnishes, amapende kanye namafutha kanye namafutha asekelwe ngokuphelele noma ingxenye ye-emulsions. Emulsions kukhona ukuhlakazeka kwezinhlobo ezimbili noma ezingaphezulu zokungcola okungaziwa. I-ultrasound enamandla kakhulu inikeza amandla adingekayo ukusabalalisa isigaba samanzi isigaba esasakazekile ngamaconsi amancane esigabeni sesibili isigaba esiqhubekayo. Endaweni yokuhlakazeka, ukufaka ama-bubble cavitation kubangele ukushaqeka okukhulu kwamanzi okuzungezile futhi kubangele ukubunjwa kwamanzi ahlanzekile e-liquid velocity. Emazingeni afanelekayo wezinga lamandla, i-ultrasound ingakwazi ukufeza kahle ubukhulu be-droplet obuphansi ngaphansi kwe-micron elincane i-emulsion encane.Chofoza lapha ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana ne-ultrasonic emulsifying!I-ultrasonic Wet-Milling nokuGayaI-ultrasonication iyindlela ephumelelayo yokugaya amanzi kanye nokwehlukanisa okuncane kwezinhlayiyana. Ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizeni ama-slurries esayizi-superfine, ama-ultrasound anezinzuzo eziningi, uma kuqhathaniswa nemishini evamile yokunciphisa usayizi, njengama-colloid mills isib. Izigayili zebhola, izigxobo ze-bead, ama-discs noma ama-jet mills. I-ultrasonication ivumela ukucubungulwa kwe-high-concentration kanye ne-high-viscosity slurries - ngaleyo ndlela ukunciphisa ivolumu okufanele icutshungulwe. Ukukhishwa kwe-ultrasonic kufanelekile ukucubungula ubuncane be-micron kanye ubukhulu be-nano izinto ezifana ne-ceramics, i-alumina trihydrate, i-barium sulphate, i-calcium carbonate ne-oxides ensimbi.Chofoza lapha ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokukhishwa kwe-ultrasonic okumanzi nokugaya okuncane!I-Ultrasonic Cell DisintegrationUkwelashwa kwe-Ultrasonic kungaphazamisa izinto ezinamathebhu, izinto ezibonakalayo ze-cellulosic zibe yizinhlayiya ezinhle futhi ziphule izindonga zesakhiwo seseli. Lokhu kukhishwa okungaphezulu kwezinto zangaphakathi, ezifana nesitashi noma ushukela emanzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho lokho okubonakalayo kwendonga yeselula kuphulwa zibe izidumbu ezincane.Lo mphumela ungasetshenziselwa ukuvutshelwa, ukugaya kanye nezinye izinqubo zokuguqula zendaba eziphilayo. Ngemuva kokugaya nokugaya, i-ultrasonication yenza okungaphezulu kwezinto zangaphakathi-isib. Isitashi kanye namadayimane edonga leseli elitholakalayo kuma-enzyme aguqulela isitashi zibe ushukela. Kubuye kwandise indawo ebusweni evezwe ngama-enzyme ngesikhathi sokuphuza noma ukuhlanjululwa. Lokhu kuvame ukukhulisa isivinini nokuvuthwa kwe-yisilment fermentation kanye nezinye izinqubo zokuguqulwa, isib. Ukukhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-ethanol kusuka ku-biomass.Chofoza lapha ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokuhlakazeka kwe-ultrasonic kwezakhi zamaseli!Ukukhishwa kwama-enzyme kanye nama-proteine agcinwe emaqenjini kanye nezinhlayiya ze-subcellular kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokusetshenziswa kwe-high-intensity ultrasound, njengoba ukukhishwa kwamakhemikhali ephilayo okuqukethwe ngaphakathi komzimba wezitshalo kanye nembewu nge-solvent kungathuthukiswa kakhulu. I-Ultrasound inenzuzo engaba khona ekufakweni nasekuhlukanisweni kwezingxenye ezintsha zezinzwa ezingamakhompiyutha, isib. Kusuka ekungasetshenziselwa ukusakaza kwemikhiqizo eyenziwa ngezinqubo zamanje.Chofoza lapha ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi mayelana ne-ultrasonic cell extraction!Isicelo Sonochemical of UltrasonicsI-Sonochemistry yi-application ye-ultrasound ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali nezinqubo. Inqubo eyenza imiphumela ye-sonochemical in oketshezi yiyona yinto ye-acoustic cavitation. Imiphumela ye-sonochemical ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali kanye nezinqubo kubandakanya ukukhuphuka kwejubane lokuphendula kanye noma ukukhipha, ukusetshenziselwa kwamandla okusebenza kahle, ukuthuthukiswa komsebenzi we-catalysts yokudluliswa kwesigaba, ukusetshenziselwa kwezitshalo nokuqina ukwandisa ekusebenzeni kabusha kwama-reagents noma ama-catalysts.Chofoza lapha ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nemiphumela ye-sonochemical ye-ultrasound!I-ultrasonic Transesterification yamafutha ku-BiodieselI-ultrasonication yandisa isivinini se-chemical response and yield of the transesterification yamafutha yemifino nezilwane zezilwane zibe yi-biodiesel. Lokhu kuvumela ukuguqula ukukhiqizwa kusuka ekuqhubeni amathambo kuya ekuqhubeni kokuqhuma okuqhubekayo futhi kunciphisa izindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali nokusebenza. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-biodiesel kusuka emafutheni omifino noma amafutha ezilwane, kuhilela ukuguqulwa kwama-acids e-base-catalyzed base-base nge methanol noma i-ethanol ukunikeza ama-methyl esters afanayo noma ama-ethyl esters. I-ultrasonication ingakwazi ukufeza isivuno se-biodiesel ngokwezingu-99. I-Ultrasound inciphisa isikhathi sokucubungula kanye nesikhathi sokuhlukanisa kakhulu.Chofoza lapha ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokuguqulwa kwe-ultrasonically kwamafutha ku-biodiesel!Ukuchithwa kwe-Ultrasonic ye-LiquidsUkuqeda uketshezi kweziphuzo kuyisicelo esithakazelisayo samadivayisi we-ultrasonic. Kulesi simo i-ultrasound isusa ama-bubbles amancane omisiwe avela ketshezi futhi inciphisa izinga legesi eliqhekekile ngaphansi kwezinga lemvelo lokulinganisa.Chofoza lapha ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana ne-ultrasonic degassing yeziphuzo!I-Sonication yamaBhodlela namaKhansela okuThola ukuvuzaI-Ultrasound isetshenziselwa ukufaka amabhodlela nokufaka imishini ukuhlola amathini namabhodlela okuvuza. Ukukhishwa kwesikhashana kwe-carbon dioxide kuyimpikiswano eqondile yokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic ukuvuza kweziqukathi ezigcwele iziphuzo eziphathekayo.Chofoza lapha ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe mayelana nokubona ukuvuza kwe-ultrasonic!Ukuchithwa okungaqhubekayo kwezinhlelo zamanzi ashisayoUkulwa namagciwane aseLegionella ayingozi emithonjeni yamanzi ashisayo futhi kuvikeleke indawo yokuphepha evikelekile i Inkampani ye-Gruenbeck iye yasungula isimiso se-GENO-break. Lolu hlelo lusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-Hielscher ultrasonic ngokubambisana nokukhanya kwe-UV-C.Chofoza lapha ukuze uthole ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana ne-ultrasonically ukusiza ukungena ekushoneni.I-ultrasonic Wire, iCheth and Strip CleaningUkuhlanzwa kwe-Ultrasonic kungenye indlela enemvelo yokuhlanzwa kwezinto eziqhubekayo, njenge-wire kanye nekhebula, amateyipu noma amashubhu. Umphumela we-cavitation owenziwe amandla e-ultrasonic ususa izinsalela ze-lubrication njengamafutha noma amafutha, amasobho, ama-stearates noma uthuli.Chofoza lapha ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi mayelana nokuhlanzwa kwe-ultrasonic!Cela ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-ultrasonic!Uma inqubo yakho ehlosiwe ingabhalwanga ngenhla, sicela usazise. Sinezinombolo eziningi ze-ultrasonic nezixazululo ezingahlangabezana nezidingo zakho.Imininingwane Ejwayelekile mayelana nokucubungula kwe-UltrasonicI-Ultrasound iye yavela ebuchwepheni obuphuthumayo, phakathi neminyaka eyishumi edlule futhi isungule ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula ngokugcwele. Ukuthembeka okuphezulu nokukala okuphansi kanye nezindleko zokugcina eziphansi futhi ukusebenza kahle kwamandla yenza i-ultrasound ingxabano ethembisayo yokwakha imishini yokucubungula amanzi. I-Ultrasound inikeza amathuba engeziwe engeziwe: I-Cavitation - umphumela oyisisekelo we-ultrasonic - ivumela imiphumela emisha ezinqubo eziphilayo, zamakhemikhali nezomzimba.Ngenkathi ukuqina okuphansi noma i-high-frequency ultrasound kusetshenziselwa ukuhlaziywa, ukuhlolwa okungekho okungonakalisayo nokucabanga, i-high-intensity ultrasound isetshenziselwa ukucubungula iziphuzo ezifana Ukuxuba, Emulsifying, Ukuhlakazeka futhi i-deagglomeration, cell nokwahlukana of ukuchithwa kwe-enzyme. Lapho ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile, amagagasi omsindo asakaze emithonjeni yamanzi ashukumisela ukushintsha ukucindezela okuphezulu ukucindezela nokujikeleza okuncane ukungavamile, namazinga kuye ngokuthi imvamisa. Ngesikhathi umjikelezo ophansi ocindezelayo, amagagasi aphakeme kakhulu e-ultrasonic enza ama-bubbles amancane avulekile noma aphuma emanzini. Lapho ama-bubbles athola umthamo lapho bengakwazi khona ukuwuthola amandla, awela phansi ngesihluku phakathi nomjikelezo ophezulu wokucindezela. Lokhu kwenzeka kuthiwa yi-cavitation. Phakathi nokushisa okuphezulu kakhulu cishe 5,000K kanye nezingcindezi cishe 2,000atm kufinyelelwe endaweni yangakini. I-implosion ye-bubble cavitation nayo ibangele ama-jets ahlanzekile angama-280m s velocity.Ngokuvamile, i-cavitation e-liquids ingabangela i-degassing esheshayo nephelele: qalisa ukuphendula kwamakhemikhali ahlukene ngokudala ama-ioni yamahhala ama-radicals mahhala; Ukusheshisa Ukuphendula Kwemvelo ngokugqugquzela ukuxuba kwama-reactants; ukwandisa ukusabela kwe-polymerization nokudonswa kwe-depolymerization okwesikhashana ukusakaza ama-aggregates noma ngokuphula ngokuphelele izibopho zamakhemikhali emaketangeni e-polymeric; ukwandisa emulsification amazinga; ukuthuthukisa izinga lokusakaza; ukhiqiza emulsions okugxile kakhulu noma i-uniform dispersions we-micron-size noma izinto zokwenza izinto ezincane; usize ukukhipha izinto ezinjengama-enzyme ezivela esilwaneni, ezitshalweni, emvubelo, noma emangqamuzaneni ebhaktheriya; susa amagciwane kusuka kumcubu onegciwane; futhi ekugcineni, siphume futhi siphule izinhlayiya ezikhungethekile, kuhlanganise nezinhlobo ezincane. Kuldiloke 2002I-high-intensity ultrasound ikhiqiza ukufutheka okubudlova ezingxenyeni eziphansi ezise-viscosity, ezingasetshenziswa ukusabalalisa. Ensminger, ngo-1988 E-liquid solid or gas interfaces eqinile, ukungena kwe-asymmetric ye-bubble cavitation kungabangela izingxubevange ezidakayo ezinciphisa ukwehlukaniswa kwemingcele yokwehlukaniswa, ukwandisa ukudluliselwa kwamandla okudlulisa, futhi kukhulise kakhulu ukusabalalisa ezindaweni lapho ukuxuba okuvamile kungenzeki khona. Nyborg, ngo-1965Ensminger, DE 1988: Izindlela ze-Acoustic ne-electroacoustic zokudambisa amanzi nokumisa, ku: Ukumisa Tech. 6, 473 1988.Kuldiloke, J. 2002: Umphumela we-Ultrasound, Temperature nokucindezela ukwelashwa kwi-Enzyme Umsebenzi wezakhi zekhwalithi zezithelo nezithelo zemifino; Ph.D. I-Thesis e-Technische Universität Berlin 2002.I-Nyborg, i-WL 1965: Ukusakaza kwe-Acoustic, Umq. 2B, i-Academic Press, eNew York 1965.UP200H UP200S Amandla we-Ultrasonic weLabI-VialTweeter Sonication Intensive of Volumes SmallFunda kabanzi mayelana nezinhlelo zamakhemikhali zamadivayisi wethu we-ultrasonic! 