 Isizinda se-Ultrasonic Astaxanthin Sokukhiqiza Okuphezulu - I-Hielscher Ultrasound TechnologyI-Astaxanthin iyi-antioxidant enamandla kakhulu esetshenziselwa imithi kanye nezithako zokudla okunomsoco.Ukuze ukhiqize i-astaxanthin ephezulu emithonjeni yemvelo efana ne-algae, kuyadingeka inqubo ephakeme yokukhipha ukusebenza.Isizinda se-ultrasonic yindlela yokwelashwa, okunikeza isivuno esikhulu se-astaxanthin ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu sokukhipha.Ultrasonics High-Performance ye-High-Quality AstaxanthinUkwenziwa kwe-ultrasonic we-Astaxanthin kusuka ku-MicroalgaeI-Astaxanthin ye-supplementary dietary, eyadliwa ngabantu nezilwane ngenxa yezinzuzo zabo zezempilo, i-astaxanthin itholakala ezidlweni zasolwandle noma ikhishwe ku-algae H. pluvialis. I-Haematococcus pluvialis iyi-microalga eluhlaza, eveza okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-astaxanthin lapho kusetshenziswe izimo zokucindezeleka, isb. U-salinity ophezulu, ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen, ukushisa okuphezulu nokukhanya. Njengoba kufike ku-9.2mg g i-astaxanthin nge-algae cell kuze kufinyelele ku-3.8 ngesisindo esomile se-H. pluvialis, i-Haematococcus pluvialis iqoqa okuqukethwe okuphakeme kakhulu kwe-astaxanthin yemvelo ngakho-ke yingxenye ekhethiwe yokukhiqiza i-astaxanthin.Ukuze ukhulule i-astaxanthin e-microalgae eluhlaza, amaseli algae kufanele aphazamiseke. I-Ultrasonication isungulwe kahle ngenhloso yokuphazanyiswa kwamangqamuzana, i-lysis nokuhlukaniswa kwamakhemikhali e-bioactive auch njenge-lipids, ama-antioxidants, ama-polyphenols nama-pigment yemvelo. Ama-ultrasonics asebenza kahle adala amandla asebenzayo angaphazamisa izindonga zezingcingo ngamandla wekhanda futhi abangela ukukhululwa kwezinto eziphilayo ezifana ne-astaxanthin.Ukwenziwa kwe-Ultrasonic ka-Astaxanthin kusuka eYilweniI-Phaffia rhodozyma imvubelo ecebile e-astaxanthin. Kodwa-ke, udonga olukhulu lwamaseli ka-P. rhodozyma, oluthile oluyinhloko ye-glucan futhi olubhekene nesimo se-cell rigidity, lwenza ukuphazanyiswa kwamangqamuzana nokuhlukaniswa kwe-astaxanthin kube umsebenzi obalulekile. Abacwaningi uGogate et al. 2015 bathola ukuthi isizinda se ultrasonic kuhlanganiswa ne-lactic acid siqinisa ukuphazanyiswa kwamangqamuzana futhi kwenza ukukhishwa kwe-astaxanthin ku-P. rhodozyma ibe yinqubo enhle, enomngcele ohambisana nendawo. Babesebenzisa i-lactic acid njenge-medium for ukuphazanyiswa kanye ne-ethanol njengesixazululo sokukhipha. Umkhiqizo omkhulu we-astaxanthin 90 watholakala ekusetshenzisweni kwe-ultrasound-eyasizwa ekusetshenzisweni kokusetshenziswa kwe-3 M lactic acid, isikhathi sokuphazanyiswa kweminithi engu-15. Amaprosesa anamandla e-ultrasonic anjalo I-UIP4000hdT 4kW, bheka pic. Ngakwesobunxele ngokuhambisana nokugeleza okucindezelayo-ngokusebenzisa i-reactor kunika amandla ekwakheni kwe-cavitation kakhulu. Amandla okugcoba ama-cavitational aphazamise izindonga zesilonda semvubelo futhi akhuthaze ukudluliswa okukhulu phakathi kwe-cell ingaphakathi kanye ne-solvent.Izinzuzo ze-Ultrasonic Astaxanthin ExtractionUkuvunwa okuphezuluIsisindo se-high speed ngaphakathi kwamaminithiIzitshalo eziphezulu zekhwalithi Emnene-non-ezishisayoIzixazululo ezihlaza isib. Amanzi ethanolUkusebenza okulula futhi okuphephileUkutshalwa kwezimali okuphansi kanye nezindleko zokusebenzaUkusebenza kwe-247 ngaphansi kwesisindo esinzimaIndlela eluhlaza, eco-friendlyUltrasonic Astaxanthin Extraction ku-Batch noma Continuous Flow ModeI-Astaxanthin iyinhlanganisela ye-lipophilic futhi ingasungulwa ema-solvents isib. 48.0 i-ethanol e-ethyl acetate namafutha isib. I-soy bean oil.Isigaba: Izinqubo ze-ultrasonic yesikhumba zingasebenza njengezinqubo ezilula ze-batch noma njengokwelapha okunezinhlawulo, lapho isikhulumi senziwa khona njalo ngokudlulela nge-ultrasonic flow-through reactor.Ukucubungula ama-batch kuyinkambinkimbi elula, lapho isizinda senziwa khona ngenkatho. I-Hielscher Ultrasonics inikeza amaprosesa e-ultrasonic amatshangi amancane kuya kwamakhulu, oku-1L kuya ku-120L.Ukucubungula ama-batches we-5 kuya ku-10L, sincoma UP400St nge-sonotrode S24d22L2D bheka isithombe. ngakwesokunxele.Ukucubungula ama-batches we-approx. 120L, sincoma I-UIP2000hdT nge-sonotrode RS4d40L4 bona pic. phezulu ngakwesokudla.I-Flow-through: Ukuze kube nemikhakha emikhudlwana kanye nesisindo esikhulu sokuhweba okugcwele, ukusakazwa kwamanzi okuqhubekayo kudliwa nge-reactor ye-ultrasonic, lapho i-slurry e-solvent botanical i-sonicated kakhulu.Ngomsindo we-approx. 8L iminithi, sincoma I-UIP4000hdT nge-sonotrode RS4d40L3 kanye no-flow1 cell-cell FC130L4-3G0I-UIP2000hdT 2kW ngesilinganiso esikhulu se-batch extractionUkusebenza okuphezulu kwe-Ultrasonicators for ExtractionI-Hielscher Ultrasonics ikhethekile ekukhiqizeni amaphrosesa aphezulu asebenzayo e-ultrasonic ekukhiqizeni izithelo eziphezulu ezivela ku-botanicals.Iphothifoliyo yomkhiqizo omkhulu kaHielscher isukela kuma-lab ultrasonicators amancane, anamandla amakhulu kumabhentshi amakhulu kanye nezinhlelo ezigcwele zezimboni, eziletha ukuphakama okukhulu kwe-ultrasound ukuze kusetshenziswe kahle futhi kuhlukaniswe izingxenye eziphilayo isib. quercetin, i-caffeine, i-curcumin, Terpenes njll. Wonke amadivayisi we-ultrasonic avela 200W kuya 16,000W kufaka isibonisi ezinemibala yokulawula idijithali, ikhadi elihlanganisiwe le-SD lokuqopha okuzenzakalelayo kwedatha, ukulawula okukude kwesiphequluli kanye nezinye izici eziningi zomsebenzisi. I-sonotrodes namaseli okugeleza izingxenye, ezithintana nephakathi zingenziwa nge-autoclaved futhi kulula ukuzihlanza. Wonke ama-ultrasonicators ethu akhiwe ngomsebenzi we-247, adinga ukugcinwa okuphansi futhi kulula futhi ephephile ukusebenza.Umbukiso wombala wedijithali uvumela ukulawulwa komsebenzisi-friendly of the imishini ultrasonic. Amasistimu ethu akwazi ukuletha kusuka phansi kuya kuma-amplitudes aphakeme kakhulu. Ukukhishwa kwamakhemikhali e-astaxanthin, sinikeza i-sonotrodes ekhethekile ye-ultrasonic eyaziwa ngokuthi i-ultrasonic probes noma izimpondo ezilungiselelwe ukuhlukaniswa okubucayi kwezinto eziphezulu ezisebenzayo. I-sonotrode ekhethekile ye-Hielscher yama-amplitudes aphezulu kuhlanganiswa namaseli okugeleza okucindezelayo akhiqiza amandla amakhulu okugcoba ukugcoba, okuphazamisa ngisho namagundane omvubelo kakhulu. Ukuqina kwemishini ye-ultrasonic ye-Hielscher kuvumela ukusebenza komsebenzi we-247 emsebenzini obuthakathaka nasezindaweni ezinzima.Ukulawulwa okuqondile kwemigomo yezinqubo ze-ultrasonic kuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kabusha nokucubungula ukulinganisa. Izinhlelo ze-ultrasound ultrasonic zezimboni ze-Hielscher zenzelwe ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu kokukhiqizwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu, ngesikhathi esifanayo ukunciphisa abasebenzi, izindleko namandla.I-Gogate et al. 2015: Ukusizwa kwe-Ultrasound Ukuqiniswa Kokukhishwa Kwe-Astaxanthin kusuka ku-Phaffia rhodozyma. I-Indian Chemical Engineer 2015, 57: 3-4, 240-255.Zou et al. 2013: Indlela Yokuphendula Impendulo Ye-Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction ye-Astaxanthin esuka eHaematococcus pluvialis. Izidakamizwa zasolwandle 2013, 11, 1644-1655.Sono-UkukhishwaIsizinda se-Ultrasonic noma i-sono-isizinda sisekelwe esimisweni se-acoustic cavitation.Uma ama-ultrasound ama-intensity asetshenziswa kuma-liquid systems, i-acoustic cavitation iyenzeka, okuyinto yenzalo yesizukulwane, ukukhula nokugcina ukuqhuma kwamabhulebhu avumayo bheka isithombe ngezansi. Phakathi nokusabalalisa kwamagagasi e-ultrasound, ama-bubbles avumayo aqhuma futhi akhule aze afinyelele iphuzu lapho bengenakukwazi ukuthola amandla amaningi. Esiqongweni se-bubble ukukhula bawela ngokuhlukumezayo, okubangela ukushisa kwamakhemikhali, amakhemikhali, kanye namakhemikhali. Imiphumela yemishini ihlanganisa ukucindezelwa okukhulu kuze kufike ku-1000atm, turbulences, kanye ne-shear force force. Lezo zinsizakalo ziphazamisa izindonga zeseli futhi zithuthukise ukudluliswa okukhulu phakathi kwe-cell yangaphakathi kanye ne-solvent ekhishwa ama-bioactive compounds ku-liquid ezungezile ie solvent.Isizinda se-ultrasonic sisekelwe ku-cavitation yama-acoustic namandla ayo we-hydrodynamic shearIsizinda se-ultrasonic samakhemikhali avela ku-botanicals nesisindo se-cell sesiphenywe kahle. Ukusetshenziswa kwamagagasi amakhulu kakhulu e-ultrasonic kukhuthaza izinqubo zesikhulumi kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwenqubo yokuqinisa okuholela ekuvuneni okuphakeme kanye nesikhashana esifushane Ukulimala okushisa nokulahlekelwa kwamazinga okushisa okushisa okuvinjelwayo kuvinjelwe ngoba i-sonication ayikhambi kokwelapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isizinda se-ultrasonic sinemali ephansi yokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nokusebenza, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-solvents kanye noma kuvumela ukusebenzisa ama-solvents ama-greener, okwenza kube nezindlela zokonga nezomvelo-friendly friendly. Ukukhipha izindlela ezijwayelekile zokukhipha, isisetshenziswa se-ultrasonically-assisted UAE samukelwe embonini yokudla ukuze kuveliswe izidakamizwa eziphilayo kanye nezindleko zokonga.Isizinda se-Ultrasonic esivela kumaseli esitshalo: isigaba esincane esithintekayo TS sibonisa indlela yokwenza phakathi kwesikhumba se ultrasonic kusuka kumangqamuzana ukukhulisa 2000x isisetshenziswa: Vilkhu et al. 2011I-Astaxanthin ihlukaniswa nombala obomvu ojulile. I-pigment e-fat-soluble etholakala ku-algae isib. I-Haematococcus pluvialis, i-Chlorella zofingiensis, i-Chlorococcum, imvubelo isb. I-Phaffia rhodozyma, i-salmon, i-trout, i-krill, imfucumfucu kanye ne-crayfish. I-Astaxanthin ibhekwa njenge-super-antioxidant kusukela i-antioxidative potency yayo ishumi elinamatshumi amabili kunamandla kunamanye ama-carotenoids amaningi, njenge-beta-carotene, i-lutein, ne-zeaxanthin, futhi izikhathi eziyikhulu kune-alpha-tocopherol i-vitamin E .I-Astaxanthin 3,3-dihydroxy-β, β-carotene-4,4-dione i-keto-carotenoid futhi iyingxenye enkulu yamakhemikhali abizwa ngokuthi i-terpenes njenge-tetraterpenoid, eyakhiwa ama-precursors ama-carbon kabili, i-isopentenyl diphosphate, ne-dimethylallyl diphosphate. I-Astaxanthin ihlukaniswa njengezinhlobo ze-carotenoid ezihlanganiswa nezingxenye zomoya-mpilo, okuyi-hydroxyl -OH noma i-ketone C O, njenge-zeaxanthin ne-canthaxanthin. I-Astaxanthin iyi-metabolite ye-zeaxanthin kanye noma i-canthaxanthin, equkethe amaqembu asebenzayo ama-hydroxyl kanye ne-ketone. Njengama-carotenoids amaningi, i-astaxanthin iyi-pigment-soluble pigment futhi ihlukaniswa nombala wayo obomvu. Ama-carotenoids afaka i-astaxanthin eyaziwa kakhulu ngamandla awo wokulwa ne-antioxidative.I-Astaxanthin iyi-pigment ebomvu futhi ngokwemvelo ivela emanzini emvula yamanzi i-Haematococcus pluvialis nemvubelo ebizwa nge-Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Phaffia rhodozyma. I-algae ihlushwa ngokucindezeleka ngeyodwa noma inhlanganisela yezimo ezibangelwa ukuntuleka kwezakhi, ukwanda kosawoti okwandisiwe, nokushisa kwelanga okweqile ukwenza i-Astaxanthin. Izinhlobo ezidla lezo zici ezincibilikisiwe zamanzi ahlanzekile, njenge-salmon, i-trout ebomvu, i-red bream, i-flamingo, ama-crustaceans isib. Imfucumfucu, i-krill, i-crab, i-lobster, i-crayfish, ibonisa ukujula kwe-hues red-orange ekubukeni kwayo.Njengengxenye yokwengeza, i-astaxanthin ihlinzekwa ngemiphumela yayo yokwelapha nokukhuthaza ukugula. I-Astaxanthin iyi-nutraceutical eyakhelwe kahle ukuze kuthuthukiswe isikhumba isib. Ukunciphisa imibimbi, ukulimala ngokushisa kwelanga njll.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-astaxanthin ithola ukunakekelwa kokusetshenziswa kwayo ukuphatha isifo se-Alzheimer, isifo sika-Parkinson, i-carases-vascular deaseses, i-cholesterol ephezulu, izifo zesibindi, ukuguqulwa kwe-macular ubudala, nokuvimbela umdlavuza. 