 Ukuhlolwa kweglucose yegazi: okujwayelekile nokubhaliwe UkuhlaziyaUkuguqula ukuhlolwa kwegazi ushukela ushukelaUkuhlolwa kwegazi - inqubo ebalulekile yokuxilonga yokuhlola isimo somzimbaAmahora ayi-8 ngaphambi kokuthi udinge ukuhlaziya, kufanele usebenzise amanzi kuphela, ungasebenzisi izidakamizwa ngosuku uma kunesidingo, bonana nodokotela, unqabe uphuzo oludakayo.Igazi eliphuma kumthambo - impahla yokuhlaziya kwe-biochemicalUkwemukela i-glucose powder kuxutshwe emanzini - isinyathelo sokuhlolwa kwe-glucoseIgazi lokuxilongwa lithathwa emthanjeni. Ukuqeqeshwa akudingi ukubambelela emithethweni esindayo. Udinga nje ukuyeka utshwala ngelinye ilanga, ungabhemi, ungaphuzi ikhofi, itiye, iziphuzo ezinekhabhoni enesiqingatha sehora ngaphambi kokunikela ngegazi, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa.I-Glucometer - uhlelo lokusebenza lwendlela ecacile yokuthola ushukela wegaziUkwanda kwezinga le-glucose ushukela egazini kuwuphawu olubucayi olukhombisa ubukhona bomzimba womuntu wenqubo ye-pathological ehambisana nezinguquko ze-hormonal kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic. Esigabeni sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa kwama-pathologies anjalo, izimpawu zomtholampilo azihlali zikhona. Ngakho-ke, ngenhloso yokuvimbela, kunconywa ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile kuhlolwe igazi nge-glucose. Cabanga ukuthi kungani udinga ukwenza uhlolo lwegazi lwe-glucose, nokuthi imiphumela ingatshengisani.Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-biochemical kwe-glucoseI-glucose iyi-monosaccharide ebalulekile yegazi. Inikeza amandla adingekayo emisebenzini ebalulekile yamaseli. I-glucose yakhiwa njengomphumela wokugaya ama-carbohydrate kanye nokuguqulwa kwe-hepatic glycogen.Ama-hormone amabili, i-glucagon ne-insulin, alawula ngqo izinga le-glucose egazini. I-Glucagon ikhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwe-glycogen ibe ushukela, okuholela ekwandeni kokuqukethwe kwayo egazini. I-insulin yenyusa ukuqina kwamaseli ulwelwesi we-glucose, idlulisela ushukela emangqamuzaneni, ivuselele ukukhiqizwa kwe-glycogen futhi inciphise ukugcwala kweglucose egazini. IGlucose iyabhidlika ngenxa yokusabela kwe-glycolysis.Kunezimbangela ezithile zokulimala kwe-glucose metabolism egazini:Ukungakwazi kwamaseli we-pancreatic β-cell ukukhiqiza i-insulin,Yehlisa inani lama-insulin receptors,Ukwehluleka kwesibindi ukwenza i-glycogen,I-malabsorption yangaphakathi yeshukela,Izinguquko ekuhlushweni kwama-hormone abamba iqhaza ku-glucose metabolism.Ngenxa yalezi zizathu ezingenhla, izifo ezibucayi impela ziqala ukukhula emzimbeni womuntu.ukuba khona kwezihlobo ezinesifo sikashukela i-mellitus nezinye izifo zohlelo lwe-endocrine,ukuvela okungenani kwalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo: umlomo owomile njalo, ukoma okuqinile okuqinile, ukwanda okungachazeki kwenani lomchamo ochithiwe, ukukhathala, ukuncipha kwesisindo okungazelelwe.Ukunquma izinga le-glucose, kusetshenziswa igazi elivela emithanjeni i-venous noma kusuka emunweni capillary.Ekuhlolweni kwelebhu, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezintathu zokuhlola igazi ngoshukela.Indlela yokuqala basal ukuthola inani le-glucose egazini esiswini esingenalutho.Indlela yesibili ukuthola izinga le-glucose esegazini amahora amabili ngemuva kokudla.Indlela yesithathu okungahleliwe ukuthola izinga le-glucose esegazini elithathwe ngasikhathi esithile, kungakhathaleki ukuthi ukudla kudliwani.Esigulini ngasinye, udokotela ukhetha inqubo edingekayo yokuhlola igazi.Isimo se-glucose esivivinyweni segazi esithathwe emthanjeni yi-4.1-6.0 mmol L. Ezinganeni, ukugcwala koshukela egazini akufanele kudlule ku-5.6 mmol L. Kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-60 ubudala, izinga elivumelekile lalesi sikhombisi lingu-6.5 mmol L.Isimo se-glucose ekuhlaziyweni kwegazi le-capillary sinciphile kancanyana kune-venous one, futhi ingu-3,2-5,5 mmol L.Ukwanda kweglucose yegazi ibizwa nge- hyperglycemia. Kukhona i-hyperglycemia ngokomzimba kanye ne-pathological hyperglycemia.Ukwanda ngokomzimba eglucose yegazi kwenzeka ngemuva kokuzivocavoca ngokomzimba, nokucindezela, ukubhema. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugwema ukubhema, ukungazinzi ngaphambi kokunikela ngegazi ukuze kuhlaziywe. Imvamisa, uma kutholwa i-hyperglycemia okokuqala egazini, kuhlolwa isiguli okwesibili.Ngokusho kombhalo wokuhlolwa kwegazi, ushukela uphakama kulezi zifo nemibandela elandelayo:isifo sikashukela - isifo sohlelo lwe-endocrine olwenzeka ngenxa yokushoda kwe-insulin,pheochromocytoma - indlela yokusebenza kohlelo lwe-endocrine, lapho ukukhishwa kwama-hormone i-adrenaline ne-norepinephrine kukhuphuka egazini,Izifo ze-pancreatic - i-pancreatitis ye-acute and chronic course, i-pancreatic tumor,Izifo zesistimu ye-endocrine, ebonakala ngokwanda kwezinga lama-hormone anegalelo ekukhulisweni kwe-glucose egazini isifo sikaCushing noma isifo, i-thyrotooticosis,izifo ezingapheli zesibindi - i-hepatitis, umdlavuza wesibindi, i-cirrhosis,ukuthatha imishanguzo ethile, efana nezidakamizwa zokulwa nokuvuvukala ze-steroidal, ama-diuretics, izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo ngomlomo.Ngezansi kokujwayelekile, ushukela ekuhlolweni kwegazi hypoglycemia kwenzeka ngalezi zimo kanye ne-pathologies:I-insulinoma - isimila se-pancreatic esivikela i-insulin,malabsorption of carbohydrate emathunjini,ukuthatha imishanguzo ethile, njengama-amphetamines, ama-steroid,i-insulin overdose ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela i-mellitus.Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe abangahlushwa yisifo sikashukela, kwesinye isikhathi ukuhlolwa kwegazi okune-biochemical kungakhombisa ukwehla okuncane kule nkomba. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi fetus idla omunye ushukela emzimbeni womama.Kwenzeka ukuthi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngokungafani nalokho, izinga likashukela egazini lowesifazane likhuphuka. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi ukukhulelwa kuvusa ukwakheka kokuntuleka kwe-insulin. Lesi simo sibizwa nangokuthi isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa, esivame ukunyamalala ngemuva kokubeletha. Kodwa bonke abesifazane abakhulelwe abanalokhu kutholwa kufanele babe ngaphansi kokuqashwa njalo kwe-endocrinologist kanye ne-gynecologist. Isifo sikashukela singaphambanisa inkambo yokukhulelwa futhi silimaze nomzimba wengane.Ukumiswa okunekhono kokuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-glucose kungenziwa kuphela ngudokotela. Uma kunesidingo, isiguli sinikezwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwesibili noma okunye ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.Amangqamuzana obuchopho ngosuku adinga ukuthola amagremu angama-120 kashukela, amaseli emisipha yemisipha - 35, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi - 30. Kwenzekani uma umzimba ungenayo le nto? Kungani ngidinga ukubheka ushukela wegazi lami? Ake sibheke ndawonye.Ukuqokwa kokuhlaziywa kwe-glucose yegaziI-glucose iyi-carbohydrate elula futhi ingumthombo ophambili wamandla wamaseli womzimba. Sithola le nto ngokudla okune-carbohydrate eningi. Kuyadingeka umsebenzi wamaseli obuchopho, igazi, izicubu zomzimba nezicubu zomzimba, ngaphandle kwawo, akukho ukusabela emzimbeni okungenzeka. Ingqondo idinga ushukela ikakhulukazi, lesi sitho sakha kuphela ama-2 esisindo somzimba, kepha ngasikhathi sinye sisebenzisa ama-20 awo wonke amakhalori atholakele. Kumuntu onesisindo somzimba esingu-70 kg, kuyadingeka ukuthola i-185 g kashukela ngosuku. Ukuthola ukuthi ushukela ongakanani odingayo, phindisela isisindo sakho ngo-2.6.I-glucose ingahlanganiswa ngokuzimela kumaseli ngokwesibonelo, izicubu ze-adipose, kepha ngamanani amancane. Indlela yokusekelayo ye-glucose - glycogen - ifakwa esibindini nasemisipha yamathambo ngemuva kokudla ukudla okuqukethe i-carbohydrate. Ngokubulawa yindlala ye-carbohydrate, i-glycogen iyabhidlika esibindini ingene egazini, kuthi izicubu zayo iphule phakathi nokuzivocavoca komzimba. Emzimbeni osesimweni se- reservation ungaqukatha ku-450 g we-glycogen, kanye no-5 g we-glucose, okungukuthi, ithisipuni elilodwa, kufanele kube khona njalo egazini.Amanye amaseli amunca ushukela ngendlela yakhe emsulwa ubuchopho, isibindi, ilensi yeso, kanti amanye ancike kwe-insulin futhi, isibindi, kanye nezicubu zemisipha namaseli egazi, okungukuthi, ukuze athole i-glucose, adinga i-insulin - i-pancreatic hormone.Abanye abazali balule izingane zabo ukuthi zidle ushokoledi ngaphambi kokuhlolwa ukuze bandise umsebenzi wobuchopho. Kodwa-ke, abanaki ukuthi ama-carbohydrate atholwe ngoshokolethi aqala ukungena emgudwini wesisu bese kuphela lapho efakwa kumetabolism we-carbohydrate, futhi azofika ebuchosheni ngemuva kwamahora we-1-2. Kepha ama-carbohydrate ku-oatmeal namantongomane ashesha kakhulu, asebenza kakhulu ekuvuseleleni umzuzwana womsebenzi wobuchopho.99.9 g - elicwengekile,80 g - uju70 g - izinsuku65 g - iphrimiyamu yephrimiyamu,65 g - omisiwe,60 g - ilayisi, i-oatmeal,60 g - ufulawa kakolweni, i-nokunye okufana nokolweni.Kufanele uthintane nodokotela bese uthola ukuhlolwa kweglucose yegazi uma unezimpawu ezilandelayo:ulwelwesi lwe-mucous olomile ikakhulukazi emlonyeni kanye nezitho zangasese,ukukhathala, umuzwa oqhubekayo wokukhathala,amathumba, umqubuko, ukuphulukiswa kancane kwenxeba,ukungaboni kahle okubukhali.Ungalungiselela futhi unikele kanjani ngegazi ukuze kuhlaziye ushukela?Kufanele ukhumbule imithetho eyisisekelo yokulungiselela isifundo ukuze uthole imiphumela ethembekile:Amahora ayisishiyagalombili ngaphambi kokunikela ngegazi, awukwazi ukudla ukudla, futhi kuphela amanzi angenawo amakhabhoni avumelekile ukusetshenziswa njengesiphuzo.Ungabuphuzi utshwala ngosuku olwandulela inqubo.Ngalobo busuku bokuhlaziywa, uma kunokwenzeka, wenqaba ukuthatha umuthi.Ngaphambi kokuhlola, musa ukuhlafuna izinsini futhi kungakuhle ukuthi ungaxubeki amazinyo akho.Imvamisa, ukuhlolwa kwe-glucose kunikezwa ekuseni. Kokubili igazi le-venous ne-capillary lingaba yinto yokuhlolwa. Igazi lithathwa emunwe ukunquma ukubekezelelwa kwe-glucose. Ukuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated kuthathwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi - hhayi ngempela esiswini esingenalutho, akukho zici zangaphandle ezithonya umphumela walolu cwaningo. Isikhathi sokuhlaziywa kuzoncika kuhlobo lokuhlaziywa.Ukuqagula imininingwane kungenziwa kuphela uchwepheshe, kepha kunemikhawulo evamile evamile, ongayinaka ukuze ube nomqondo wemiphumela.Abantu abaneminyaka engaphansi kwengama-40 bayelulekwa ukuthi bangenza isivivinyo sikashukela kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-3. Futhi kulabo abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 - 1 isikhathi ngonyaka.Kusho ukuthini ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngoshukelaEzigulini ezinesifo sikashukela, kuhlolwa igazi noma ngabe sinjani isifo sikashukela. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kukuvumela ukuthi uhlole isimo samasistimu we-metabolic womzimba bese unquma ngamaqhinga wokwelapha isifo sikashukela. Ukuhlaziywa kuhlola izinkomba ezinjenge-glucose ku-plasma yegazi, kanye nephesenti le-hemoglobin ye-glycated.I-glucose ingumthombo oyinhloko futhi odingeka kakhulu wamandla kuwo wonke izicubu zomzimba womuntu, ikakhulukazi ubuchopho. Imvamisa, ukuhlaziya kunquma ushukela osebangeni kusuka ku-3 mmol l kuya ku-6 mmol l, okuyizimiso zokuphila ze-glycemia. I-glucose ingalinganiswa kokubili egazini le-capillary, kusetshenziswa i-mini-glucometer, nasegazini le-venous besebenzisa i-stationary analyzer. I-glucose ye-plasma ye-capillary yegazi ne-venous ingahluka kancane, ngokwesilinganiso, izinga likashukela le-1 mmol l livunyelwe.Lithini ushukela?Ushukela wegazi uyinkomba eyinhloko ekhombisa umsebenzi we-carbohydrate metabolism emzimbeni womuntu. Ukuqothuka ngokuphelele kwezitho nezinhlelo kubhekene nokudla okubangelwa yi-carbohydrate metabolism emzimbeni, ukuze ngezinga le-glucose ku-plasma ne-hemoglobin, umuntu angahlulela umsebenzi wokusebenza wezitho ezinjalo nezinhlelo ezinjenge-pancreas, isibindi, nohlelo lwe-neurohumoral.Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuqapha kwe-plasma glucose kubantu abahlushwa izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zesifo sikashukela. Esikhathini sikashukela, kukhona ukwephulwa kokukhiqizwa kwe-insal insulin - i-hormone ebhekele ukusetshenziswa kwe-glucose, okuholela ekuqongeleleni kokugcina egazini, kuyilapho amaseli omzimba ngokoqobo eqala ukubulawa yindlala futhi ehlangabezana nokushoda kwamandla. Ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin, ukuqapha njalo i-glycemia yegazi kubalulekile, ngoba ukweqisa kwe-insulin noma ukusilela kwayo kuthinta kakhulu ukuthuthuka kwesifo sikashukela. Ngokuzimisela njalo koshukela kuphela lapho ushukela ungagcinwa khona ngamanani afanele.Imithetho YokuhlaziyaUkwandisa ukunemba kwemiphumela yokuhlaziywa futhi uthole idatha enenhloso kakhulu ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali egazini, ngaphambi kokudlula kokuhlaziywa, kuyadingeka ukulandela eminye imithetho:Kuyadingeka ukuthi uyeke ukusetshenziswa kophuzo oludakayo nemikhiqizo equkethe utshwala okungenani ngosuku ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa. Utshwala buthinta kakhulu ukwakheka kwegazi.Kunconywa ukuthi uthathe isidlo sakho sokugcina amahora angu-10 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwakho ushukela, i.e. esiswini esingenalutho. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuphuza amanzi asobala ngaphandle kwezengezo akunqatshelwe.Ngosuku lokuhlolwa kweshukela okuqondile, kufanele weqe ukuxubha kwasekuseni, ngoba izinyo elinamazinyo amaningi liqukethe ushukela ongena emgudwini wesisu. Izinsini ezihlafunwayo ziyefana.Igazi leminweIvumela ukutholakala okusheshayo kwe-glucose ku-plasma yegazi le-capillary capillary, okungeyona inkomba enembile kakhulu, kodwa ebalulekile. Le ndlela kulula ukuyenza ekhaya. Ocwaningweni olunjalo lwasekhaya, kunamamitha amaningi kashukela egazi aphathwayo. Kodwa-ke, ngokulawula okunjalo ekhaya, kuyadingeka ukubheka izindlela zokulawula ubuchwepheshe bemitha, ngoba ukubeka imichilo yokuhlola endaweni evulekile kuholela ekungafanelekeni kwabo. Qiniseka ukuthi ulandela ngokuqinile izidingo zobuchwepheshe nemiyalo eza nemitha!Igazi le-VeinIsampula yegazi le-venous yenziwa ngesisekelo sokuphuma noma sokungena ngaphakathi, i.e. esibhedlela. Igazi eliphuma emthanjeni lithathwa ngevolumu engu-3-5 ml. Inani elikhulu legazi elithathiwe liyadingeka ekunqumeni ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali egazi ku-othomathikhi wokuhlaziya. Ukuhlaziywa okuzenzakalelayo kukuvumela ukuthi uthole imininingwane efanele kunazo zonke ezingeni le-glycemia.Izinhlobo zemiphumelaUkuhumusha kahle ukuhlaziya, udinga ukwazi izindlela zokuxilongwa koshukela nokuthi ulinganiswa ngamanani amangaki. In iningi amafomu nemiphumela, amabanga ejwayelekile yokuqoqwa kwezinto zitholakala eduze kwamanani atholakele ukuze kube lula ukuzulazula ezinambweni nasemiphumeleni.Yini ushukela osesimweni? Uma konke kucace kakhulu ngama-glucometer - akhombisa kuphela idatha ehlobene noshukela, khona-ke izinto zixaka kakhulu nabahlaziyi abazenzakalelayo, ngoba inani elikhulu lezinye izinto livame ukunqunywa ekuhlaziyweni kwe-biochemical. Kumafomu asekhaya kukhishwa i-glucose, kepha kubahlaziyi bamazwe bangaphandle kuboniswa ushukela njenge-GLU, okuvela eLatinini njenge-glucose ushukela. Izinga elijwayelekile le-glycemia lisuka ku-3.33 liye ku-6.5 mmol l - lezi zindlela ejwayelekile kubantu abadala. Ezinganeni, izinkambiso zihlukile kancane. Ziphansi kunabantu abadala. Ukusuka ku-3.33 kuya ku-5.55 - ezinganeni zeminyaka yamabanga aphansi esikoleni, nasezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa - kusuka ku-2.7 kuye ku-4,5 mmol l.Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi abahlaziyi bezinkampani ezahlukahlukene bahumusha imiphumela ngokuhlukile, kepha zonke izinkambiso zihlala zingaphakathi kwebanga lokudlidliza elingaphansi kuka-1 mmol l.Noma ezimweni eziningi ushukela wegazi ulinganiswa ku-mol L ekuhlolweni kwegazi, amanye amayunithi afana ne-mg dl noma i-mg angasetshenziswa kwabanye abahlaziyi. Ukuhumusha la magugu ku-mol L, mane uhlukanise umphumela nge-18.Imiphumela engezansi ijwayelekileLapho i-glucose egazini iwela ngaphansi kwamanani okuphila, lesi simo sibizwa nge-hypoglycemia. Kuhambisana nezimpawu zobuntu. Umuntu ukhathazwa umuzwa wokuba buthakathaka, ukozela kanye nendlala. Izizathu zokwehlisa amazinga kashukela kungaba:indlala noma ukuntuleka kokudla kwe-carbohydrate,umthamo ongafanele we-insulini-hypersecretion ye-insulin engaphakathi,umsebenzi oqinile womzimba,izifo ze-neurohumoral,ukulimala kwesibindi.Imiphumela Ngaphezulu OkuvamileEkuhlolweni kwe-glucose ye-plasma ngenhla kwamanani ajwayelekile, kwenziwa isimo esinjenge-hyperglycemia. I-Hyperglycemia ingahlotshaniswa nemibandela enjalo:ukwephula imithetho yokunikela ngegazi,ukucindezeleka kwengqondo noma ngokomzimba ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa,ukuphazamiseka kwe-endocrinei-pancreatitis ukuvuvukala kwamanyikwe,ubuthi.Ama-Special Glucose AssaysOkwe-endocrinologists, lapho kwakheka amaqhinga wokuphathwa kweziguli, akukho datha eyanele ekuqoqweni kwe-glucose egazini le-peripheral, ngoba lokhu, iziguli zesifo sikashukela zihlolwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuyisipesheli ushukela, lapho okunqunywa khona imingcele efana ne-glycosylated noma i-glycated hemoglobin.I-Glycated hemoglobin ingukuhlushwa koshukela ngamaphesenti kumaprotheni egazi, i-hemoglobin. Okujwayelekile kubhekwa njenge-4.8 - 6 yenani eliphelele lamaprotheni. I-Glycated hemoglobin iyinkomba ye-carbohydrate metabolism emzimbeni ezinyangeni ezi-3 ezedlule.Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela kwenziwa kuzo zonke iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela esisolisayo, futhi kususelwa ekuhlolweni kokuxineka nge-glucose ngokunqunywa kwamazinga kashukela ngesikhathi esithileko semizuzu engama-60, 90 kanye ne-120 kusuka ekusetshenzisweni kwesixazululo se-glucose.Ukuhlolwa kwezindlela zokwelapha ezahlukahlukeneOsosayensi e-Institute for Health Quality and ufanisi, ngokubambisana nethimba labacwaningi esibhedlela saseGreaz University, bahlole imihlomulo yokulawulwa ushukela osezingeni elifanele ngaphezulu koshukela osezingeni eliphansi. Kuze kube manje, iqembu labacwaningi belifuna izifundo lapho lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela sesibili lwalashwa ngezinhloso ezingefani.Iqembu lososayensi lihlole izifundo eziyisikhombisa lapho abahlanganyeli abacishe babe ngu-000 babambe iqhaza. Iminyaka emaphakathi isukela eminyakeni engama-47 iye kwengama-66, kuya ocwaningweni. Bonke ababambiqhaza baba nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 iminyaka eminingana. Iningi labo lalikhuluphele.Akukho mehluko ezinhlosweni ezibalulekile zokwelashwaElinye iqembu lavumela amanani aphezulu. Ikakhulu, kwahlolwa ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okuholela ezinkingeni ezimbalwa zesifo sikashukela nemiphumela emibi embalwa. Ubuye waqhathanisa nokuthi bangaki ababambe iqhaza abafa ngesikhathi sokufunda. Imiphumela yocwaningo iveze ukuthi ukwelashwa bekungelona eliphakeme impela kunokwabanye: ukwehla kweshukela egazini akubulalanga abantu abaningi kunokunciphiswa kufinyelela ezingeni elijwayelekile. Ukushaywa yinhliziyo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okushisayo, ukwehluleka kwezinso, noma ukunqunywa emzimbeni kungenzeka.Idatha enganele kwezinye izinkinga zesifo sikashukela nekhwalithi yempilo. Ucwaningo lukhombisa, noma kunjalo, ukuthi indlela eseduze-evamile inganciphisa ubungozi bokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo okungekho ukubulala. Zenzeka kaningi ngokufakwa ushukela wegazi, okwakusejwayelekile futhi kunokujwayelekile kushukela. Ucwaningo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, lukhombisa ukuthi cishe ukuhleleka okujwayelekile kuvame ukuholela kwi-hypoglycemia enzima nezinye izinkinga. Amazinga kashukela egazini athe ukwehliswa, imiphumela emibi emibi kakhulu ivela njalo.Iqembu labacwaningi lihlolelwe ngesinye sezifundo ezinkulu ukuthi kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi izehlakalo lezi zenzeke. Cishe abantu abayi-100 abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kuye kwadingeka ukuthi behlise amazinga kashukela wegazi ukuze basondele emazingeni ajwayelekile kungakapheli iminyaka emi-3, 5, ukuvikela ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungelona ukubulala kuqhathaniswa namazinga kashukela egazi aphansi. Kodwa-ke, nge-7-8 eyengeziwe yalaba bantu abayi-100, i-hypoglycemia enzima izokwenzeka ngesikhathi esifanayo ngenxa yokwanda koshukela wegazi. Yize lezi zibalo zimane nje zilinganisela kabi, zibonisa ubuhle kanye nobubi bokwelashwa.Yini ukuphambuka okungasho?Isikhungo sekhwalithi nokusebenza kahle kwezempilo. Isinqumo sokubuyiselwa kwemali yokuhlonza kanye nezinqubo zokwelapha sigcinwa ngumthetho kwiKomidi elihlanganyelwe Lombuso. Esimweni sokulimala kokulimala kwe-glucose, umzimba awukwazi ukulawula amazinga kashukela njengoba kudingeka.I-glucose iyindlela elula kashukela etholakala ekudleni naseziphuzweni ezinoshukela, futhi ifakwa njengengxenye evamile yenqubo yokugaya. Eminye yemisebenzi yegazi ukuthutha ushukela emzimbeni. Lapho i-glucose ifinyelela izicubu, ngokwesibonelo, iba ngamaseli emisipha, iyathelwa futhi iguqulwe ibe amandla. I-glucose egazini ilawulwa ngokuzenzakalelayo yi-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-insulin.Inani le-glucose esegazini liyashintsha usuku lonke: liyenyuka noma liwa, kuya ngokuthi udlani futhi uphuzani. Ushukela wegazi ungalinganiswa elabhorethri ngokuhlolwa kwegazi. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa lapho ungadli lutho amahora ayisishiyagalombili, futhi lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi umthamo we-glucose wokuzila.Ukwelashwa kwe-glucose engasebenzi kahleLokhu kungasiza ukuvimba noma ukunciphisa ijubane ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo. Kufanele uzame ukufeza futhi ulondoloze amazinga evamile eglue noma ajwayelekile. Ungakufeza lokhu njengokulandelayo. Ngemuva kokudla okulinganiselayo nokunempilo, okuphansi emafutheni, okugcwele usawoti, nenani elincane likasawoti nezithelo eziningi nemifino, kwehlisa amaphawundi amaningi uma ukhuluphele, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi isisindo sakho sigcinwa kububanzi obunconyiwe, ngokusho ukuphakama kwakho, ukuthuthukisa isimo sakho somzimba ngokuzivocavoca okujwayelekile Ngokungeziwe kulezi zindlela zokuqapha ezingenhla, ungaphinde wehlise nengozi yakho yesifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi uma uyeka ukubhema.Ngabe sikhona yini esinye isizathu sokuthi amazinga kashukela egazi angakhuphuka?Izimpendulo zemibuzo ephathelene nokuphazamiseka kokushukela kwe-glucose. Impendulo Kunokuphazamiseka okuthile nezimo ezingakhuphula okwesikhashana amazinga eglucose. Yingakho i-GP yakho izobheka ushukela wakho wegazi okwesibili uma ungenazo izimpawu zesifo sikashukela.Ukuchazwa Ngaphezu kwesibonakaliso sokuqala sesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ushukela wegazi ophakeme kungenzeka ngenxa yokuphazamiseka okuthile. Udokotela wakho uzohlala ehlola ushukela wakho wegazi okungenani isikhathi esisodwa uma ungenazo ezinye izimpawu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ngokwesibonelo, uma ufisa noma uchama okungaphezu kokujwayelekile. Isizathu ukuthi kungenzeka kube nezinye iziphazamiso ezibangela okwesikhashana amazinga aphezulu kashukela. Uma lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi kukhombisa ukuthi ushukela wakho wegazi ubuyela kokujwayelekile, kungenzeka ukuthi awudingi ukwelashwa, kepha udokotela wakho womndeni angakucela ukuthi ubuye uyohlolwa njalo.Ngubani odinga ukuhlolwa?Umnikelo wegazi wokutholwa kwabesilisa nabesifazane kufanele ube nezimpawu ezilandelayo:ubuthakathaka obungapheli, ukukhathala, ikhanda,ukulahleka kokudla nesisindoukoma okungapheli, umlomo owomile,amanxeba nezilonda emzimbeni ezingaphili kahle.Isimo esijwayelekile somzimba sicindezelekile, amasosha omzimba ayancipha,ukuluma endaweni yofuzo,kwehlise ama-visual acuity, ikakhulukazi kwabesilisa nabesifazane abadala kuneminyaka engama-50.Ukuba khona kwezimpawu eyodwa noma ezimbili kwabesilisa nabesifazane kungaba yisikhathi sokufunda igazi ngamazinga kashukela.Kufanele wazi ukuthi kwabesifazane nabesilisa abasengozini - ifa, ukhuluphele, iminyaka, i-pancreatic pathology - ukuhlaziya kufanele kwenziwe kaninginingi, ngoba kwenzeka ukuthi isifo sikashukela singatholakali ngokushesha.Ekuhlolweni kwegazi le-biochemical kwe-glucose, imiphumela ingaba yimbi, ngakho-ke, ukuthola isiqinisekiso noma ukuphikisa inguqulo yodokotela, kufanele kuthathwe izivivinyo ezingeziwe zokubekezelela i-glucose.Ukuxilongwa kokubekezelela ushukelaUkunquma ukubekezelela i-glucose, ochwepheshe basikisela ukuthi isiguli senza isifundo esikhethekile - ngokuzivocavoca.Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi ukhombe izinkinga ezifihliwe nezisobala nge-metabolism yama-carbohydrate, kanye nokucacisa ukutholwa ngemiphumela yokuphikisana yokuhlaziywa okujwayelekile.kulezi ziguli ezinoshukela wegazi wazo ovame ukudlula okujwayelekile, kepha ngezikhathi ezithile kuphakama umchamo,uma ushukela womuntu esiswini esingenalutho kuyinto evamile futhi engenakho ukubonakaliswa kwesifo sikashukela, kepha umthamo womchamo ngosuku ukhuphuka kakhulu,uma inkomba inyuka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ezigulini ezine-thyrotoxicosis kanye ne-pathologies yesibindi,ezigulini ezinazo zonke izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ebusweni babo, kepha ushukela emchameni wabo nasegazini awuphakamiswanga,abantu abanokuthambekela kofuzo kushukela, kepha izivivinyo zijwayelekile,ehlushwa i-neuropathy kanye ne-retinopathy yemvelaphi engaziwa,ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kanye nabesifazane abazala umntwana kusuka ku-4 kg kanye nosanda kuzalwa.Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela emadodeni nakwabesifazane kwenziwa esiswini esingenalutho. Isiguli sithatha igazi emunweni, emva kwalokho siphuza inani elithile likashukela oluxutshwe itiye bese kuthi ngemuva kwehora namahora amabili siphinde sinikeze igazi.Esifundweni esinomthwalo weglucose kungahanjiswa hhayi ngomlomo kuphela, kepha nangaphakathi.Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela ushukela kuphoqelekile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ezweni lethu.Ucwaningo lwenziwa ngomthwalo ophakathi kwamasonto angama-24 kuya kwayi-28 wokukhulelwa ukuthola ukutholakala kwalesi sifo ngokushesha.Futhi, ukuvivinya ngomthwalo kusiza ukwembula inkambo efihliwe ye-pathology.Uma owesifazane enesifiso sokuthola isifo sikashukela, khona-ke kufanele ahlole umthwalo ngokushesha ngemuva kokubhaliswa ukukhulelwa.Uma imiphumela yocwaningo ngomthwalo ingeyinhle, khona-ke ucwaningo olulandelayo luzokwenzeka ngesikhathi esijwayelekile kusuka kumaviki angama-24 kuye kwangama-28.Ngabe isifundo siqondiswa kanjani?Ngokucwaninga, umsizi welebhu uthatha igazi elivela emunweni noma emthanjeni.Ukucwaninga kungenzeka ngezindlela ezintathu:i-basal - ukuhlolwa kwegazi esiswini esingenalutho,amahora amabili - ngemuva kokudla, kudlula amahora amabili ngaphambi kokufunda,okungahleliwe - inkomba ilinganiswa ngokungakhathalelwa kokudla.Uchwepheshe ucwaninga isithombe somtholampilo wesiguli ngasinye futhi ngokwakhetha indlela yokuxilonga, ngemuva kwalokho kuhlaziywa kuchazwe.Ukwanda kwesikhombisi i-hyperglycemia emadodeni nakwabafazi kungaba yi-pathological and ngokomzimba.Ukuxhuma ngokomzimba kwenzeka ngemuva kwemithwalo yemidlalo ebalulekile, ukubhema, izimo ezicindezelayo. Ngakho-ke, ngakusasa kokuxilongwa, izici ezivusa ushukela kushukela kufanele zigwenywe.Ukuthola imiphumela yocwaningo uma ushukela uphakanyisiwe, ungakhuluma ngalezi zimo zokugula:isifo sikashukela - isimo esibuhlungu sohlelo lwe-endocrine lapho umuntu entula khona i-insulin,pheochromocytoma - isimo esibuhlungu lapho ukungena kwe-adrenaline ne-norepinephrine ngokweqile kungena egazini,ukuvuvukala kwamanyikwe, isimila salesi sitho,i-endocrine pathology, ebonakala ngokwanda kwezinga lama-hormone,izinkinga zesibindi ezingamahlalakhonaukuthatha izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala, i-diuretic, izidakamizwa ze-steroid, ukulawula ukuzala.Kwenzeka ukuthi ukuhlaziywa kukhombisa ukwehla kwamazinga kashukela.Ukuqonda kabusha imiphumela enjalo kungakhombisa izinkinga ezinjalo:isimila se-pancreatic esikhiqiza i-insulin,ukuzila isikhathi esideAma-pathologies okufaka kuwo ukumunwa kwama-carbohydrate emathunjini,ama-amphetamines, ama-steroid nezinye izidakamizwa nawo angadala ukwehla ushukela,ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, lapho umthamo wokulimala kwe-insulin udluliwe.Futhi kwenzeka ukuthi izinga le-glucose ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa liyaphakanyiswa, lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi yi-insulin defence noma isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa.Ukwelashwa nokuvinjwa kwezifo ezenziwa ama-JOINTS, abafundi bethu basebenzisa ngempumelelo indlela yokwelashwa ekhula ngokushesha futhi engasasebenzi, ethola ukuthandwa, enconyelwa ngochwepheshe baseJalimane abaholayo ezifweni zohlelo lwe-musculoskeletal. Njengoba sesifunde ngokucophelela, sanquma ukukunikeza ukunakwa kwakho: Susa izinhlungu ezihlangene. Imvamisa, lesi simo sijwayelekile ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane ngokwaso, kepha abesifazane abakhulelwe baphansi kokuhlolwa ochwepheshe, ngoba lesi simo singalimaza ukukhulelwa.Ngingalisaphi masinyane igazi ukuze lihlaziye ushukela?Ungahlolwa ushukela wegazi emtholampilo kahulumeni, emnyangweni, noma esikhungweni sezempilo esizimele. Namuhla, cishe zonke izikhungo zezokwelapha zinikezela ngenkonzo yokuhlaziya ye-biochemical. Kodwa-ke, kuba nezinkinga lapho udokotela enquma, ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlolwa kwe-fructosamine noma i-glycated hemoglobin. Kulokhu, kungadingeka ukuthi uye e-laborator yangasese.Sincoma ukuthi unake inethiwekhi yezindawo zokucwaninga zezokwelapha. Lapha bazokwenza isivivinyo sikashukela egazini noma umchamo ama-ruble angama-255. I-INVITRO futhi yenza ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela i-glucose, kufaka phakathi isikhathi sokukhulelwa, ucwaningo lokuqukethwe kwe-lactate, i-fructosamine ne-glycated hemoglobin. Amakhasimende ajwayelekile anikezwa izaphulelo ze-5 noma i-10. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isisebenzi eselabhorethri singase size kuwe sithathe amasampula wezinto eziphilayo endaweni yakho.Ukuhlolwa kweglucose egazini kuyisinyathelo esibucayi sokuthola isifo sikashukela.Abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-45 bayalwa ukuba bahlolwe igazi ukuze kutholakale isifo sikashukela sohlobo II.Isiguli esinesifo sikashukela, ngaphezu kokuqapha njalo ushukela wegazi, kufanele sihlolwe ngokuhlelekile okungenani kabili ngonyaka.Imvamisa, ushukela omchamo awukho noma utholakala ngamanani amancane. Okuqukethwe kwayo okweqile kuyinkomba yokuphazamiseka kwe-carbohydrate metabolism.Egazini lanoma yimuphi umuntu kukhona inani elithile le-glucose, elinikeza amandla wonke umzimba. Noma yiluphi ushintsho kokujwayelekile lukhombisa izinkinga zempilo. Ukuthola okushiwo ushukela wegazi, ukuhlolwa koshukela egazini kuzosiza.Kwenzelwa ukuvimba, ngoba ekuqaleni nje, izimpawu zomtholampilo azihlali zinqunywa. Udinga ukuqonda ukuthi kungani kufanele wenze ukuhlolwa okunjalo nokuthi kuzosiza ini ukubona ukuthi yini.Ukuhlolwa kweglucose yegazi - kuyini futhi kungani kufanele ngiyithathe?I-glucose yi-monosaccharide esegazini eyakhelwa ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa kwe-glycogen nangesikhathi sokugaya ukudla kwe-carbohydrate. Ingxenye le iyadingeka ekusebenzeni okuzinzile kwamangqamuzana egazi ebuchosheni nasezithanjeni zemisipha, yingakho kudingeka kulawulwe.Lokhu kwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile emangqamuzaneni, kepha ngevolumu encane. Ifomu layo eliyinhloko yi-glycogen, eyakheka esibindini ngemuva kokudla ukudla okugcwele ama-carbohydrate.Kungakho kubalulekile ukuthatha isivivinyo sokubekezelela i-glucose ngesikhathi, ngoba ezimweni eziningi izimpawu zezimpawu zibonakala sekwephuze kakhulu.Kufanele uphumelele isivivinyo kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.Uneme.Ukukhathala okungapheli nokukhathala.Ukuba khona kwezinduna namathumba.Ukwelashwa kancane kwamanxeba.Lapho uthatha isinqumo sokuthatha ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-glucose, ungasebenzisa izindlela ezimbili: izindlela zaselebhu nezokubonisa.Indlela yokuqala yenziwa ezimweni zelebhu. Indlela ye-expression yenziwa ekhaya kusetshenziswa i-glucometer.Ungakulungiselela futhi kudlule kanjani ukuhlaziya kahle?Ungasithatha kanjani isivivinyo sikashukela ngendlela efanele, izincomo ezilandelayo zizoshukumisa:Kuyenqatshelwa ukudla noma yini amahora angu-8 ngaphambi kokunikela ngegazi.Amanzi angadakwa kuphela angenawo amakhabomu futhi ngaphandle kwezithako ezimnandi.Musa ukuthatha utshwala ngosuku.Ngosuku olwandulela inqubo, kufanele uyeke ukuthatha umuthi.Kunconywa ukuthi ungasebenzisi amazinyo ngaphambi kwenqubo.Kungakho lokhu kuhlaziywa kunikezelwa ekuseni. Ukuhlolwa, kuthathwa igazi le-capillary ne-venous. Ukunquma ukubekezelela i-glucose, igazi liyadingeka, okumele lithathwe emunweni.Isampula libonakala ngevolumu encane yegazi. Ukuhlolwa kukuvumela ukuthi uthole ukuthi ijwayelo lokuhlola ushukela egazini lomuntu liyini.Ukuhlaziywa kwangesikhathi kukuvumela ukuthi ufunde ngokwenzeka kwalesi sifo nokuvimbela ukuthuthuka kwayo okuqhubekayo.Amanani nemiphumela kungahle kuthinteke ngokudla ukudla okunamazinga aphezulu kashukela, ukudla okunamafutha nokuthosiwe, ukungagcineki isikhathi eside kokudla, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithi. Ukulayishwa kwama-nerve nakho kunomphumela. Ngobusuku besidingo sokugwema ukubonakaliswa kwengcindezi nengcindezi yemisipha, engadala i-hyperglycemia.Uma izinqubo ze-physiotherapeutic noma ama-x-rays zenziwa, khona-ke umnikelo wegazi kufanele uhlehliselwe izinsuku eziningana.Kungani futhi ungawususa kanjani umphumela?Imininingwane etholakele ingachazwa ngabasebenzi bezokwelapha. Kepha kunezindinganiso ezithile ezijwayelekile okudingeka wazi ngazo.Imiphumela yokuhlaziya yaziwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuhlolwa. Inani elijwayelekile libhekwa njengesinkomba ezingeni le-3.5-6.1 mmol l. Uma inkomba ingaphezulu kwe-6.1 mmol l, khona-ke lokhu kubhekwa njengobufakazi bokuba khona kwesifo sikashukela mellitus.Umphumela ojwayelekile wokuhlola ushukela egazini ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ukhombisa u-3.3-6.6 mmol L.Kungakho kudingekile kakhulu ukunquma ukuphambuka ngesikhathi, njengoba kwenzeka ngezifo ezilandelayo:Izinkinga ngohlelo lwe-endocrine.I-pancreatitis engapheli futhi eyingozi.Ubuthi obukhulu.Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus senzeka nge-pancreatic pathologies. Kulokhu, ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kuncishisiwe, okuqinisekisa ukutholwa kwengxenye eyinhloko.Izinga eliphansi libonakala ngezifo ezilandelayo:Izinkinga ngezinqubo ze-metabolic.Isifo se-Vascular.Ukuze ungadingi ukwelashwa, udinga ukulawula ukugcwala koshukela egazini. Kulokhu, asikho isidingo sokwenza into engajwayelekile, kubalulekile ukuthi udle ngokulungile, unikeze imikhuba emibi futhi ungakhohlwa ngomsebenzi womzimba.Ukuhlaziywa kokubekezelelwa kwe-glucose ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nawo wonke amanye amaqembu abantu kwenziwa ngendlela ekhethekile. Isiguli sithatha igazi izikhathi ezi-4 ngamahora ama-2. Okokuqala esiswini esingenalutho. Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukuphuza ushukela. Ukuhlaziywa okuphindwayo kuthathwa ngemuva kwehora, ihora nesigamu, bese kuthi ngemuva kwamahora amabili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphumela uhlolwa kulo lonke uvivinyo.Izici zokuhlaziywa kwe-glucose ngesikhathi sokukhulelwaAbaningi banesifiso sendlela yokuthatha isivivinyo sikashukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Inqubo kufanele yenziwe ekuseni ngesisu esingenalutho.Ukubona ukwanda kwenani lalesi sakhi, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezilandelayo:Umnikelo wegazi oshisayo wenzelwa esiswini esingenalutho.Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile kuyenziwa.Ukuhlaziywa okujwayelekile komchamo, glucose womchamo kuyenziwa.Kulokhu, ukubekezelelwa kwe-glucose engasebenzi kahle kunqunywa. Ukuvela kwesigaba sokuqala sikashukela yisizathu esibaluleke kakhulu esenza ukuthi kuhlolwe igazi kwenziwa. Le ndlela ibonakala ngokunemba okuphezulu. Isetshenziselwa izinkinga ezinesisindo, isifiso sokukhuluphala kanye nokuzalwa kwezingane ezinesisindo esiphakeme.Uma isimo sivamile, khona-ke kufanele kungabikho glucose kumchamo. Kwezinye izimo, kuyinto ejwayelekile. Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, itholakala kuma-trimesters wesibili nelesithathu. Futhi lokhu akuvezi ukubonakala kwesifo sikashukela. Sikhuluma ngesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa, esinyamalala ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane. Izimo ezinjalo ezingezinhle zihambisana nomthwalo obalulekile emzimbeni wowesifazane.Isizathu sokuthi kungani kuhlolwe u-glucose ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuwukuqokwa kwabesifazane kule nkathi kuya ezinkingeni ezahlukahlukene. Amazinga kashukela asonyuselwe abhekwa njengomphumela hhayi wesifo sikashukela kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinkinga ngohlelo lwe-endocrine, nezinso namanyikwe.Ngokuphambuka kwezinkambiso ezivumelekile, ukuhlanganiswa kwezidumbu ze-ketone ezinobuthi obandayo kuqala. Kungakho ukuhlola kwenziwa ngempela, ngoba ukudakwa kunomthelela omubi esimweni sengane.Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ushukela uphakama kumacala alandelayo:Uma owesifazane emdala kuneminyaka engama-35.Ngama-polyhydramnios.Uma izingane zangaphambilini zazalwa ngesisindo esiningi.Ukhuluphele kanye nokukhuluphala.Ukuhlolwa kweglucose yokukhulelwa kunqunywa kaningana. Isikhathi sokuqala ukubhaliswa bese kuthi emavikini angama-30. Esikhathini esiphakathi kwezinqubo ezimbili lezi, kwenziwa isivivinyo sokuphendula ushukela.Ukuhlaziywa kweglucose ngesikhathi esifanele kuzovikela izifo eziyingozi. Ukuhlolwa kahle nokubhekwa kwezinkomba ezibalulekile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuzosiza ukugcina impilo yengane nonina.Ukwanda koshukela egazini cishe njalo kubonisa izinguquko ezinkulu empilweni yomuntu. Lokhu kusabela ekuphazamisweni kwe-metabolic noma ukwehluleka kwe-hormonal. Imvamisa izimpawu zesifo zivele ngisho noma zingasekho esigabeni sokuqala. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ungalahli isikhathi sokwelashwa kwalesi sifo, kubalulekile ukunquma ushukela ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi.Luyini ushukela?I-glucose iyi-monosaccharide yegazi eyi-crystal engenamibala.Kubhekwa njengomthombo oyinhloko wamandla kubantu, okusho ukuthi inquma umsebenzi wayo. I-3.3-5.5 mmol L izinga elijwayelekile leshukela emzimbeni womuntu.Ama-hormone amabili alawula ushukela wegazi. Ziyi-insulin neglucagon. I-hormone yokuqala inyusa ukuvama kwezimpawu zamangqamuzana nokulethwa kweglucose kuwo. Ngaphansi kwethonya laleli hormone, ushukela uguqulwa ube yi-glycogen.I-Glucagon, kunalokho, iguqula i-glycogen ibe ushukela, ngaleyo ndlela ikhuphula izinga layo egazini. Ukwanda okwengeziwe kweglucose kunomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwezifo eziyingozi.Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kwegazi, izinga likashukela emzimbeni liyanqunywa kanye nokwelashwa kwezifo kuqala.Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuhlolwa kwegaziEzenzweni zokwelapha, kuhlolwa igazi nge-capillary, kukhethwa izinto ezivela emunweni, noma ekuhlolweni kwegazi le-venous. Kunezinhlobo ezi-4 zokuhlolwa kwegazi kwelebhu Kunamazinga kashukela.indlela yokuquma ushukela wekhabhoratri,ukuzimisela kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated,Ukuhlaziywa ngaphansi kwethonya lomthwalo ushukela.Ukuhlaziywa kubhekwa kunembe ngokwengeziwe lapho indlela yokunquma izinga kashukela emzimbeni yenziwa khona endaweni yokucwaninga.Ubuhle bendlela ebonakalayo ingabhekwa ukuthi ukucubungula i-glucose kungenziwa ngaphandle kosizo ekhaya noma emsebenzini. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi ithuluzi elinquma izinga likashukela lingasebenzi kahle. Lokhu kuzobandakanya iphutha ezilinganisweni, okusho ukuthi imiphumela yokuhlaziywa ingethembeki.Okungaba yinkomba yokuhlaziyaKunezimpawu ezimbalwa lapho udokotela ancoma ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuthola amazinga kashukela. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:ukunciphisa isisindoukuchama kaningi nokwanda kwevolumu yomchamo.Imvamisa, izifo ezahlukahlukene ezihambisana nokukhula kwe-glucose zitholakala kubantu abanokweqile futhi banomfutho wegazi ophakeme.Iziguli ezinjalo zingase zidinge, leli yiphuzu elibalulekile, ngoba akuwona wonke umuthi ongathathwa onesifo esinjalo.Futhi, kunamathuba aphezulu okugula kubantu abanezihlobo zabo abaye bahlaselwa isifo esifanayo noma abanenkinga ye-metabolic.Ukuhlolwa kwasekhaya kuyalelwa ezimweni ezilandelayo:uma kunesidingo, ukuhlolwa okuphelele,nokukhubazeka okutholakale emzimbeni,Ukunquma ukuphumelela ukwelashwa,phambi kwezifo kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwamanyikwe.Ukuhlolwa kweglucose yegazi kuzodinga ukuzilungiselela okuthile.Kubalulekile ukuhambisana nezidingo ezithile, ezithi:kuhlolwe igazi esiswini esingenalutho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungakapheli amahora angama-7-8 ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa okufanele kube isidlo sokugcina. Kunconywe ukuphuza amanzi ahlanzekile futhi angatholakali,ngosuku olwandulela ukuhlaziywa, qeda ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa kotshwala,ngaphambi kokuhlola, akunconywa ukuxubha amazinyo akho noma ukuhlafuna itshungama,okungcono, ngaphambi kokuhlaziya, yeka ukusebenzisa yonke imithi. Uma ungakwazi ukwenqaba ngokuphelele, kufanele wazise udokotela wakho ngakho,Ukuguqulwa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwaImiphumela yokuhlaziya iveza okuqukethwe kwe-glucose emzimbeni kanye nenani lokuphambuka kwalo kusuka ezingeni elijwayelekile. Ukuhumusha kubheka ukuthi okuqukethwe ushukela egazini kuqashelwa njengokujwayelekile ebangeni le-3.3-5.5 mmol l.Izinga likashukela elingaba ngu-6 mmol L libhekwa njengesimo se-prediabetesic. Futhi, isizathu sezinga elikhulayo kungaba ukwephulwa kwenqubo yokulungiselela ukuhlaziya. Ushukela ngaphezulu kwaleli zinga libhekwa njengesisekelo sokuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela.Izimbangela zokungahambi kahle koshukelaIzizathu zokwanda koshukela egazini zingaba ngale ndlela elandelayo:ukucindezela noma ukuvivinya umzimba kakhuluukuphazamiseka kwe-hormone,ukudla ngaphambi kokuvakashela udokotela,ukudakwa komzimba,ukusetshenziswa kwemithi.Ukuncipha kwe-glucose okwehlisiwe kungabonakala ngezizathu eziningi.Izimbangela zokuncipha kwe-glucose emzimbeni yilezi:ngokunamathela isikhathi eside ekudleni okuqinile,izifo ezahlukahlukene zepheshana lesisu,ukuphazamiseka emsebenzini wesistimu yezinzwa neyenhliziyo,ubuthi obukhulu,ukuthatha umthamo omkhulu we-insulin.Ukuqinisekisa noma ukukhipha ubukhona be-mellitus yesifo sikashukela sanoma yiluphi uhlobo, kusetshenziswa izivivinyo ezimbili zokuhlaziya.Imvamisa, ukuxilongwa kwesiguli nokuthola eminye imithi kuncike emiphumeleni yabo.Ukuhlaziywa komthwalo ushukelaUmongo walokhu kuhlaziywa unje ngokulandelayo. Umuntu unikela ngegazi amahora amabili amahlandla ama-4. Isampula legazi lokuqala lenziwa esiswini esingenalutho. Ngemuva kokuba isiguli siphuze ama-75 ml. ushukela oncibilikile. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-60, isampula yegazi iyaphindwa. Ngemuva kwalokho inqubo iphindwa kulokhu ngalesi sikhathi sokuphumula kwengxenye yehora.Ekuphenduleni okujwayelekile kwesiguli kushukela, isampula legazi lokuqala kufanele libe neshukela eliphansi. Ngemuva komthamo wokuqala, izinga lenyuka, bese liyehla, okufakazayo.Izici kanye nendlela yokuphatha ye-insulin TujeoIzimpawu ze-hyperglycemia, i-algorithm ephuthumayo ye-hyperglycemic comaAma-analogues e-Cholestyramine eRussia 