 I-Urinalysis ushukela: isilinganiso seqoqo lansuku zonke lama-algorithm UkuhlaziyaI-Urinalysis ushukela: isilinganiso seqoqo lansuku zonke lama-algorithmKumchamo womuntu ophilile, ushukela awukho, noma utholakala ngenani elincane. Kodwa-ke, imvamisa, ukungcola okunjalo kuvela ekuhlaziyweni lapho amaseli we-beta ebhekene nokukhiqizwa kokungasebenzi kahle kwe-insulin.I-glucose emzimbeni womuntu ingumthombo oyinhloko wamandla ayo. Umuthi ubandakanyeka kukho konke ukusabela okubandakanya izinto eziphilayo nezinqubo ezikuwo.Imvamisa amagama athi ushukela noshukela kubhekwa njengokufana, yize i-fructose esithelweni nayo ingenye yezindawo ezinoshukela. Futhi uma ushukela wegazi ujwayelekile, khona-ke akufanele ube semchameni.Ngokunokwenzeka, lokhu kuyinkomba yokuthuthuka kwe-pathology emzimbeni. I-Urinalysis kashukela isinyathelo sokuqala sokuyikhomba.Ngokubambisana nokwanda kwalesi sikhombisi, umuntu uqala ukuzwa izimpawu ezithile. Ngezindlela eziningi, ziyefana nesithombe esibonakala sinamazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini.Isiguli sizwa ukoma okungapheli, umlomo owomile umuzwa wesihlabathi emlonyeni, ubulukhuni bolimi buyisici,Isikhumba esomile endaweni yezitho zangasese, ukuqubuka, ukulunywa kanye nokuqhekeka endaweni eseduze.Ubuthakathaka nekhanda, isiyezi.Kukhulisa umjuluko.Ukulahleka okuphelele noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwanda okubukhali kwesifiso.Zonke lezi zimpawu ziyinkomba yokuthi ihlolwe i-glucose emchameni.Imithetho yokuqoqa yokuhlaziywa kwansuku zonke neyasekuseniNgemiphumela enembile kunazo zonke, udinga ukwazi i-algorithm yokuthi ungawuqoqa kanjani umchamo wokuhlaziywa kwelebhu. Kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezimbili zezifundo, lapho kunqunywa amazinga kashukela womchamo wosuku nosuku.Inqubo yokuqoqa ngokwayo ayimbangeli umuntu ubunzima. Into esemqoka ukungaphuthelwa ngaphandle kokulandela bese ulandela i-algorithm eqinile. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa komchamo nsuku zonke ushukela kuyenziwa ezintweni eziqoqwe kungakapheli amahora angama-24.Imiphi imithetho yokuqoqa umchamo ushukela? Ngo-6 ekuseni, i-bladder ayinalutho, futhi le ngxenye ithululelwa ngokuphelele. Akunaphuzu kokuyihambisa: ngeke inikeze imininingwane ethembekile. Okulandelayo, udinga ukuqoqa umchamo wansuku zonke ugcwele emgqonyeni owodwa. Uthango lwenzeka kuze kube ngu-6 ekuseni ngosuku olulandelayo.Lapho ukuqoqwa komchamo wansuku zonke sekuphothuliwe, amavolumu ayo aqoshwa enkanjini. Izinto eziphambili ziyanyakaziswa, kuthi umchamo wansuku zonke uthunyelwe esifundweni ngevolumu engu-100 kuye kuma-200 ml embizeni elungiselelwe ngokukhethekile.Izidingo zokugcinaUmchamo wansuku zonke ushukela kufanele ube sezitsheni ezihlanzekile nezomiswe ngaphambili. Izitsha ezigezwe kahle zizothuthukisa izinto futhi ziguqule indlela osebenza ngayo eziphakathi kwe-alkali. Futhi lokhu kuzohlanekezela imiphumela yokuhlolwa koshukela emchameni.Ekuqondisweni, kufanele ucacise i-diuresis ephelele, isisindo sakho nokuphakama.Ukuhlaziywa kwasekuseniNgokutadisha okugcwele kwezinkinga ezingenzeka ngomzimba kadokotela, kungahlolwa isivivinyo sasekuseni sokuthola ushukela emchameni. Ukuqoqwa kwenziwa esitsheni esomile esigeziwe ngesembozo esifanelekile. Ukuhlaziywa kumele kungeniswe kungakapheli amahora ayi-6 ngemuva kokukhipha.Noma kungemva kwehora nesigamu, ukuzimisela kwezinga likashukela kumchamo kunzima ngenxa yokuqala koshintsho lwe-biochemical ekwakhiweni kwento.Kuze kube yilapho eya emtholampilo, ligcinwa esiqandisini, ngoba umchamo ekhaya, emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni, izinga le-glucose lehla kakhulu, futhi akusekho ukuhlolwa okuthembekile.Ilungiselela ukuhlolwaUsuku nje ngaphambi kokubheka izinga le-glucose elichithwa emchameni, kuyalulekwa ukuthi uyeke ukudla ukudla okufakwe imibala amabhungane, amawolintshi, utamatisi.Ukuqoqwa komchamo ushukela kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela okuqinile kwenhlanzeko yomuntu siqu. Kubalulekile ukuthi okuqukethwe kungaqukethe ama-microorganisms abola ushukela.Kusuka kufulawa nokumnandi okwesikhashana kushiywe ngokuphelele, njengoba ukudlula ngokufanele umchamo wokuhlaziywa kungasebenzi. Imiphumela izokhushulwa ngokusobala.Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kanye nezimo ezicindezelayo nakho kuyathandeka ukuvikeleka. Ukuqoqwa komchamo ushukela kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kokuphumula kokuphumula nokulala kahle ebusuku.Izinga lokuhlaziywa komchamoIsikhombisi Norm Izinga lokuphambuka Izizathu ezingenzekaIGlucose cha ikhona Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus, ukwehluleka kwezinso, ukulimala kwesibindi, i-hyperglycemiaIzidumbu zeKetone cha ikhona Isifo sikashukelaI-Acetone cha ikhona Isifo sikashukela mellitusAmanani Wokusebenza Kwasekuseni 100 ... 300 ml 300 ml Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus, i-pyelonephritisUkusobala esobala ngokuphelele I-turbidity ngesikhathi sokukhethwa Okuqukethwe usawoti okubalulekile, i-pyelonephritis, ukutheleleka kwe-urinary tractImilambo kanye nezikhuhla Izifo ze-Urinary tract, i-pyelonephritisUmbala Udosi ophuzi Orenji IHepatitis, cholestasis, cirrhosisUBrown Ukuqhekeka kwamaprotheni ku-hemolysis noma i-syndrome yengcindezi yesikhathi esideKuphuzi okugqamile Imiphumela yokuthatha imishanguzo eminingiOkuphuzi noma okuphuzi okukhanyayo Izinso ezingasebenzi kahle, ukuphuza ngokweqile, ukuthatha i-diuretics noma i-pyelonephritisMnyama hemoglobinuriaUnganquma kanjani ushukela ngokwakho? Ukuze uthole lokhu, imithende ekhethekile yokuhlola umchamo kufanele ithengwe. Ukulinganisa ushukela kumchamo kwenzeka lapho umtshina wehliswa ungene esitsheni esinezinto ezibonakalayo.Ungathumela futhi umchamo womchamo kuyo ukuze ulinganiswe. Ngemuva kwemizuzu embalwa, inkomba izothola umbala ohambelana nezinga lakho lokungcola.I-glucotest ihlala iqukethe i-decoding - isikali sombala lapho inkomba inqunywa khona.Imichilo yokuthola ushukela ikhombisa imiphumela efanele kunazo zonke uma umchamo uqongelele isikhathi esilinganiselwe. Umchamo onezingxenye ezintathu noma ngisho nomchamo wansuku zonke awunalwazi oluthe xaxa uma kunqunywa ushukela kumchamo kwenzeka ngokuzimela. Imichilo yoshukela ihloselwe ingxenye yehora lehora.Unganquma kanjani ushukela ekhaya? Kuyaphawuleka ngokushesha ukuthi ukuhlolwa okunjalo kungakhombisi isimo samanje. Esikhundleni salokho, kuyadingeka ukulandelela lokho okwakukhona emzimbeni emahoreni ambalwa edlule. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka impela ukulungisa umthamo wezidakamizwa ukuze unciphise ushukela ngokuya ngemiphumela ezokhonjiswa yi-pyocotest.Kancane ngokuthi ungahlola kanjani amazinga eglucose futhi uvivinywe ngomucu wokuvivinya ocwaningweni lwasekhaya. Ngemuva kokukhipha, udinga ukulinda imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwe-40 bese uqoqa umchamo esitsheni. Uma kungatholakali ukungcola kulokhu okuqukethwe, khona-ke okuqukethwe okungaphakathi komkhawulo wezinso kungu-9 mmol l. Futhi kokuqukethwe okungcolile okungu-3, umbala esikalini uhambelana cishe ne-15 mmol L.Ukuhlolwa okunjalo kufanele kuthathwe isithombe esiphelele selabhoratri okungenani kathathu ngosuku:Ushukela otholakele uthini?Ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwazo zonke izinhlelo zomzimba cishe kuqeda ukubonakala kokungcola komchamo. I-glucose kusuka kumahlunga we-renal glomerular ingena egazini, ngenxa yalokho, akufanele kutholakale umchamo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isithombe sikhombisa ukungasebenzi kahle emzimbeni.Ekuqaleni, isilinganiso sokuphambuka kwezinga le-glucose egazini silinganiswa: phakathi nosuku alidluli izinga le-8 mmol l kumuntu ophilile. Ukudlula okujwayelekile kukhombisa ukuthi izihlungi azisakwazi ukubhekana ne-adsorption yazo futhi ziphonsa ingxenye yawo kumchamo. Le nto ibizwa ngokuthi yi-glucosuria.Ama-Saccharides eza nokudla okuningi, okugcwele kakhulu ama-carbohydrate alula. Ngesikhathi sokudlula ezithweni zamapheshana esiswini, adunyiswa futhi angena egazini nge-papillae yamathumbu.I-Plasma ithwala izakhamzimba emzimbeni wonke futhi, ngokuphendula nge-insulin, ingena kumaseli. Ingxenye yeglucose eguqulwa ibe yi-glycogen inqwabelana esibindini.Izinto ezisele ziyahlungwa ezinsweni futhi zingena kumchamo oyinhloko.Kepha kuma-rebu tubules kune-protein ekhethekile ebuyisela izakhamzimba egazini. Futhi kuze kube yilapho igxile ngokuphelele, kancane kancane iphonswa egazini ukuze kulondolozwe amazinga evamile eglucose.Kepha uma umkhawulo uvulwa njalo, ushukela ungahlala ngamanani amancane umchamo. Ngakho-ke, ukutholwa kwayo lapho kuhlaziywa umchamo kubhekwa njengophawu oluyingozi, ukungazinaki okungaholela ezifweni ezinkulu.Imithetho yokuqoqa, izindlela zokwenza nokuhlaziya umchamo ngokuhlaziya ushukelaUkuhlolwa komchamo ushukela kuyadingeka uma udokotela ohambelayo esola ukuthi umuntu uthola isifo sikashukela noma esinye isifo esihambisana nomsebenzi wezinso.I-glucose yinto ebalulekile yegazi, kepha ukuba khona kwayo kumchamo kusebenza njengophawu oluphambili lokubonakala kwe-pathology kumuntu. Ukuthola ulwazi oluthembekile, ukuhlaziywa kwenziwa ngomchamo wobukhona be-glucose kuwo, ohlukile ekuhlolweni komchamo ojwayelekile yi-algorithm nezindlela zokusebenza.I-glucose ingahle ibe khona kumchamo wesintu, kepha ekugxilweni okuphansi. Ushukela omncane uzobhekwa njengejwayelekile. Ngokuqukethwe kwe-carbohydrate ephezulu emchini, singakhuluma ngokuba khona kwe-glucosuria ebantwini.I-Glucosuria yenzeka ngenxa yezizathu eziningi, okuyinhloko okuyikhona:ukungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lwe-endocrine,ukucindezelwa okungapheliumuthi ngokweqile.Njengompendulo womzimba womuntu, kuphakama izinga le-glucose kumchamo. I-Glucosuria ivela ngokumelene nesizinda sokuqubuka kwesifo sikashukela nokufakwa kweglue kalula ezinso.Ukuthatha isampula lomchamo ushukela kubalulekile ngezimpawu ezilandelayo:umuzwa ongapheli womlomo owomile nokoma,ukubukeka kwezinkinga zokubuka,ukuvundeka njalo kwemilenze nezingalo.Isizathu sokuhlaziywa okuphuthumayo ukwehliswa kwesisindo esisheshayo ngumuntu. Kwabesilisa, izinkinga nge-potency ziyabonakala, kwabesifazane - ukwephulwa komjikelezo wokuya esikhathini.Ungakuqoqa kanjani ukuhlaziya nsuku zonke?Uma ukuhlaziywa kwekuseni kuyisikhathi esisodwa, khona-ke nsuku zonke kubandakanya ukuqoqa umchamo usuku lonke. Ngenqubo, udinga umthamo omkhulu ongahlalisa amalitha ama-3 omchamo. Emini, isiguli sisebenzisa amanzi ngesilinganiso esijwayelekile, sigcina izitho zangasese zihlanzekile.Lapho udlula ukuhlaziywa kwansuku zonke, i-algorithm elandelayo yezenzo inikezwe:ohambweni lokuqala ekuseni eya endlini yangasese ngokuthulula isinye ngaphandle kokuqoqa umchamo,kusuka kuhambo lwesibili, umchamo uqoqwe esitsheni esikhulu esisodwa,ukuqoqwa kwenzeka phakathi kwamahora angama-24 kusukela ekuseni kuze kube kusekuseni,isikhathi ngasinye, isitsha esinomchamo oqoqiwe sifakwa esiqandisini, lapho kudalwa khona izinga lokushisa eliyi-4 -70-ngakusasa, isiguli siqopha inani lomchamo owabelwe yena ngosuku,ibhange liqopha isisindo, ukuphakama komuntu,Ngemuva kokudlula kokuhlaziywa, okuqukethwe okungaphakathi kunganyakaziswa,ama-200 ml kuphela athathwa kulo lonke ivolumu lomchamo futhi athululelwa esitsheni esiyinyumba nesomisiwe ngaphambilini,Lo mthamo udluliselwa kuchwepheshe.Iziguli zidinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela ukuhambisana nale algorithm. Umchamo kufanele uqoqwe esitsheni esisodwa esijwayelekile. Akufanele igcinwe emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni.Idatha ethembekile ibonisa okudluliselwe ngaphakathi kwamahora 1.5 ngemuva kokukhishwa kokugcina kwebada.Uma ngabe le nkathi yeqiwe, ucwaningo lunikeza ulwazi olungalungile ngenxa yokushintsha okusheshayo kokuhlangana kwamakhemikhali omchamo.Ushukela ekuhlolweni komchamo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwaNgesikhathi sokusebenza okujwayelekile kowesifazane okhulelwe, lolu hlobo lwe-carbohydrate akufanele lubonwe kumchamo.Kusukela ngesonto lama-27 lokukhulelwa, abesifazane bavame ukuba nezikhala lapho kukhuphuka ushukela womchamo. Lokhu kungenxa yesidingo se-fetus se-glucose. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, umzimba kamama uqala ukukhiqiza ushukela owedlulele, kwehlisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin isikhashana.Ukuba khona kwe-glucose kumchamo wabesifazane abakhulelwe kuhlangene nomthwalo omkhulu ezinso. Akukona ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuhluza okweqile, kudlulisa ingxenye kumchamo. Ukubhekwa kwesikhashana esifushane nokungashayi kushukela okuchichimayo kwabesifazane abakhulelwe kubhekwa njengento evamile ngokomzimba.Ngokubonakaliswa okuhleliwe kwale nto, owesifazane okhulelwe kungenzeka abe nesifo sikashukela.Lokhu kuvezwa yizimpawu:isifiso esinamandlaukoma okuphikelelayo, umlomo owomile,ukubonakala kwezifo esithweni sangasese.Iqembu lengcuphe abesifazane:ukhulelwe ngemuva kweminyaka engama-30,owayenoshukela omningi nomchamo ngaphambi kokukhulelwa,ebelethe ingane yokuqala enesisindo esingaphezu kuka-4.5 kg.Izincomo ezilandelayo zizosiza ukugwema ukuvela kwe-glucose kumchamo kwabesifazane abakhulelwe:ukuqapha amandla wesisindo,Ngaphansi kokuqashwa njalo kwe-gynecologist,ukuyeka ukubhema notshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa,ukuvivinya njaloukudla kokudla.Izindlela zokunqunywa kwe-glucose kumchamoUkuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwehluleka ukuthola ubukhona noma ukungabikho koshukela emchameni.Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezikhethekile:Ukuhlolwa kweNilanderukuhlolwa kwe-glucose oxidaseUkuhlolwa kwe-Gainesindlela yokwenza umbalaindlela ye-polarimetric.Itafula lokuchazwa kwezindlela zokunqunywa kweshukela:Indlela yokutholwa kwe-glucose Indlela YencazeloUkuhlolwa kweNilander Isengezo kumchamo we-reagent osuselwa ku-bismuth nitrate ne-Rochelle usawoti, oncibilikisiwe kwisisombululo se-caustic soda. Ukutholwa koketshezi onsundu nokudengeka kukhombisa ubukhona beshukela kuyo. Ukuhlolwa kuvame ukunika umphumela omuhle ongelona iqiniso.Ukuhlolwa kwe-glucose oxidase Isihenqo sephepha lesikhombisi se-Glukotest sicwiliswa kumchamo imizuzwana embalwa. Imisipha ishintsha umbala lapho kunamazinga aphezulu kashukela.Isampula ye-Guinness Indlela yale ndlela isuselwa ekungezeni amaconsi angama-20 we-reagent kumchamo osuselwa ngokuxutshaniswe ngokulandelana komunye nomunye emikhunjini ehlukene ye-sulfate yethusi namanzi a-distill, i-caustic soda namanzi, i-glycerin namanzi. Imikhumbi yokuqala neyesibili ixubile bese ithululelwa kwesithathu. Lapho i-reagent ingezwa umchamo, ithola umbala ocwebezelayo, emva kwalokho ishubhu liyafutheka engxenyeni ephezulu kuze kube yilapho libila. Isixazululo lapho kukhona ushukela kumchamo iba ophuzi.Indlela ye-Colorimetric Umbala womchamo ohlanganiswe ne-alkali unquma izinga le-glucose kulo. Kusetshenziswa isikali sombala esikhethekile se-Althausen.Indlela ye-Polarimetric Kusetshenziswa i-polarimeter, amandla we-carbohydrate ukuhlanekisa ugongolo lokukhanya okunciphisiwe nge-engeli ethile kunqunywa. Kusetshenzisiwe akuvamile.Imigomo nokuhunyushwa kokuhlaziywaAmanani omchamo anezinkomba:umthamo ojwayelekile womchamo ngosuku - kusuka ku-1200 kuya ku-1500 ml,umbala uphuziisakhiwo somchamo sisobala,ushukela - hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-0,02,Izinga le-pH - elingaphansi kwama-5, hhayi ngaphezulu kwama-7,ukuntuleka kwephunga eliphunga kakhulu,inani lamaprotheni lifinyelela ku-0,002 g l.Izinto zevidiyo ezivela kuDkt Malysheva mayelana nezindlela nezimbangela zokushintsha kokuhlaziywa komchamo:Uma amanani ajwayelekile edlulwa, uchwepheshe ukwazile ukuqoqa isithombe esigcwele futhi aqonde imininingwane yocwaningo kanjena:ukuphuma komchamo ngokweqile ngosuku - ukuthuthukiswa kwe-polyuria ngokumelene nesizinda somthwalo wamanzi omkhulu emzimbeni njengesibonakaliso esicacile sesifo sikashukela noma i-insipidus yesifo sikashukela,umbala omnyama - ukuntuleka kwamanzi emzimbeni noma ukugcinwa kwawo izicubu,umchamo odabukisayo - ukuthuthukiswa kwe-urolithiasis noma izifo ezithathelwanayo zezinso, isinye isikhumba ngenxa yokuba khona kobomvu,ushukela omningi - isifo sikashukela, ushukela wezinso,I-pH ephezulu - ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinso,iphunga elimnandi - isifo sikashukela, imizimba eminingi ye-ketone,amaprotheni amaningi - i-pyelonephritis, i-cystitis, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-urethritis, isifo sofuba sezinso, i-prostatitis emadodeni.Imithetho yokuqoqa kanye nokuhlaziywa okujwayelekile komchamo ushukelaIGlucose yi-carbohydrate, isakhi esibandakanyeka ezinqubweni ze-metabolic, umthombo wamandla jikelele.Kuyadingeka kunoma yimuphi umzimba ukugcina imisebenzi yawo ebalulekile. Ngakho-ke, izinso zizama ukuyigcina isegazini.Emzimbeni wabantu abaphilile, i-glucose inqoba ngokukhululekile isihlungi se-renal - okubizwa ngokuthi yi-glomeruli futhi igxile ngokuphelele kumagubu wezinso.Imvamisa, ushukela akufanele ube semchameni, noma ubekhona ngamanani amancane kakhulu.Kodwa uma esidlweni esisodwa umuntu edla ukudla okuningi okuqukethe ushukela, khona-ke ukulandela ushukela ngeke kwehlise ijubane ukuvela kumchamo.I-glucose ingahle ibe khona kumchamo nasezifo ezithile isb., Isifo sikashukela. Ukuba khona kwezinkinga nge-carbohydrate metabolism kutholakala ngokuhlaziywa komchamo ushukela.I-Glucosuria - ukubizwa okuthiwa yi-glucose kumchamo. Njengomthetho, ukuba khona kweshukela kusivumela ukuba sahlulele okuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu egazini. Kwesinye isikhathi lesi simo siyisibonakaliso se-pathology yezinso.Kubantu abaphilile, i-glucosuria engokomzimba iyatholakala, kepha lokhu kuyivelakancane.Inqubo yokuqoqa umchamoUkuqoqwa komchamo ukuze kuhlaziywe kudinga ukuqeqeshwa okuhloswe ngalo ukuthola umphumela onembile futhi onokwethenjelwa.Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlaziywa: umchamo wasekuseni nansuku zonke ushukela.Ukuhlaziywa nsuku zonke kuleli cala kusebenza kangcono, ngoba kukuvumela ukuthi uhlole ubukhulu be-glycosuria.Inqubo yokuqoqa umchamo ukuze ihlaziywe ayibangeli ubunzima obukhulu. Umchamo kumele uqoqwe usuku lonke.Umchamo wokuqala ekuseni kufanele ususwe. Zonke ezinye izinkonzo ezitholwe phakathi nosuku kufanele ziqoqwe esitsheni sinye.Kufanele igcinwe esiqandisini ekushiseni kwama-degree angama-4-8 isikhathi sonke sokuhlaziywa esibuthwa lokushisa kwekamelo kusiza ukunciphisa okuqukethwe ushukela.I-algorithm yokuqoqa imi kanje:Ngo-6 a.m., i-bladder iyadedelwa le ngxenye iyathululwa. Ocwaningweni, akusona esokufundwayo.Emini, lonke umchamo obunjiwe luqoqwe esitsheni esikhulu kufika emahoreni ayisithupha ekuseni ngosuku olulandelayo.Inani eliphelele nsuku zonke lomchamo lilinganiswa. Umphumela wokulinganisa urekhodwa enkombeni. Kuyadingeka futhi ukukhombisa ukuphakama nesisindo somzimba sesiguli.Izinto eziyinhloko ezitsheni zixubekile zinyakazisiwe.I-100-200 ml yevolumu yonke ithathwa esitsheni esikhethwe ngokukhethekile ukucwaninga kwelabhoratri.Isiguli kudingeka silandele imithetho elula yokuqoqa umchamo ushukela.Izidingo zezitsha: kumele zome futhi zihlanzekile. Uma izitsha zingagezwa kahle ngokwanele, uketshezi olukhona luba namafu futhi luthole ukusabela kwe-alkaline kwaphakathi nendawo.Impilo yeshelu lomchamo wokuhlaziya okujwayelekile: akukho amahora angaphezu kwengxenye nesigamu. Ukudlula kulesi sikhathi kunganikeza imiphumela ehlanekezelwe, ngoba ukwakheka komchamo ngokushintsha kwesikhathi.I-diuresis yansuku zonke in ml, kanye nokuphakama kwesiguli kanye nesisindo somzimba, kufanele kukhonjiswe kwifomu lokudlulisa.Udokotela angabhala nenkomba yokuhlaziywa kokusa. Ngalezi zinhloso, umchamo uqoqwe esitsheni esomile, esihlanzekile. Kufanele ifakwe uphawu ngesivalo bese iyiswa egumbini lokuhlinzwa kungakapheli amahora ayi-6 ngemuva kokuphela kokuqoqa.Ukulungiswa kokuhlolwa komchamoNgosuku olwandulela ukuqoqwa komchamo ukuze uhlaziywe, akufanele udle ama-beet, utamatisi, izithelo zezithelo zosawoti, nokunye okufana neminye imikhiqizo equkethe imibala.Kuyadingeka ukukhumbula ukuthi inqubo yokuhlanzeka iyalandelwa ukuze amabhaktheriya anegalelo ekuwohlokeni ushukela angabonakali emchameni.Uma i-glucose itholwa ekuhlolweni okujwayelekile komchamo, udokotela anganikeza ukuthi kudluliselwe ekuhlolweni kwegazi elinamakhemikhali.Kungcono ukwenqaba okumnandi ngolunye usuku ngaphambi kweqoqo ukuze uvikele ukuthola ushukela ekuhlaziyeni. Izifundo zomzimba nezemidlalo zingcono ukungafaki. Okufanele kube iholide lokuphumula nokulala kahle ebusuku. Izimo ezicindezelayo kufanele zigwenywe.Ungakuthatha kanjani ukuhlolwa komchamo ushukelaIkhaya Ukuxilonga UkuhlaziyaIndawo ebalulekile kwezokwelapha ukuhlaziya umchamo we-glucose. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwelabhoratri kunqunyelwe ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinso noma isifo sikashukela. Ukuthola imiphumela enembe kunazo zonke, udinga ukwazi imithetho ethile yokuqoqa impahla yezinto eziphilayo. Kanjani futhi ngasiphi isikhathi sokuhlola umchamo ushukela?Izinhlobo zokuhlolwa komchamo kwe-glucoseOchwepheshe bahlukanisa izinhlobo ezintathu zokuhlolwa komchamo ushukela: indlela yokubonisa imichilo yokuhlola, ekuseni nansuku zonke.Ukuze usebenzise indlela ekhanyayo, uchama esitsheni esihlanzekile. Bese wehlisa umucu wokuhlola ungene umchamo. Ngemuva kwemizuzwana engu-5-7, ungahlola umphumela. Qhathanisa umbala wephepha lomucu nesilinganiso esibekwe ebhokisini. Uma i-tint ingaphakathi kwebanga elijwayelekile, ukuhlolwa kuthathwa njengokubi. Izinso zibhekana nokuhlungwa kwe-glucose.Uma umbala we-strip yenkomba ushintsha esikalini ngokuya indlela yokwanda kwamanani, khona-ke umphumela wokufunda uyakhanya. Lokhu kuyinkomba eqondile yokuqhubeka kokuhlaziywa komchamo.Udokotela wakho angakuyala ukuhlolwa komchamo wasekuseni noma nsuku zonke kwe-glucose. Indlela yokugcina isebenza ngempumelelo kakhulu ngoba inquma ubukhali be-glycosuria.Ukulungiselela nemithetho yokuqoqa umchamoImisebenzi yokuqala ibanjwa ngosuku olwandulela ucwaningo. Ukudla okuqukethe imibala kufanele kungafakwa ekudleni. Lokhu kufaka amawolintshi, ubhungane, i-nokunye okubhakiwe Isikhathi esithile, kunconywa ukulahla ushokoledi, amakhekhe, amaswidi, u-ayisikhilimu neminye imikhiqizo ye-confectionery.Ngosuku olwandulela isifundo, gwema ukweqisa ngokomzwelo nokuzikhandla komzimba. Gwema ukuthatha i-aspirin, ama-diuretics namavithamini e-B.Ngaphambi kokuqoqa umchamo, yenza izinqubo zokuhlanzeka ku-genitalia yangaphandle. Ukuhlolwa komchamo akufanele kuthathwe ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini. Lapho ukhetha isivivinyo somchamo wasekuseni, yenqaba isidlo sasekuseni.Kunezidingo ezithile zezitsha. Kufanele ibiliswe futhi yomile. Uma lo mthetho unganakwa, umchamo lapho uthintana nemvelo yangaphandle unikeza ukusabela kwe-alkali futhi kube namafu. Ungasebenzisa isitsha esikhethekile esithengiswa emakhemisi.Impilo yeshalofu yomchamo ayikho ngaphezu kwamahora ayi-1.5. Ukweqa umkhawulo obekiwe kungahlanekezela imiphumela ukwakheka kwe-biochemical kwezinguquko zomchamo.Ukulandelana kwezenzoInqubo yokuqoqa umchamo wansuku zonke ayibangeli ubunzima obukhulu. Lokhu kwenziwa kungakapheli amahora angama-24. Ingxenye yokuqala ekuseni idinga ukuthululwa. Akumeleli inani elifundisayo locwaningo. Zonke ezinye - hlanganisa endishini eyodwa. Gcina esiqandisini ku- 4 ... 8 С. Khumbula ukuthi izinga lokushisa lamakamelo lehla izinga le-glucose ku-biomaterial.Okulandelayo i-algorithm yokuqoqa umchamo wansuku zonke.I-bladder ayinalutho ngo-6 ekuseni le ngxenye iyasuswa.Yonke imichamo ekhishwe phakathi nosuku iqoqwa ezitsheni ezinkulu kuze kube ngu-6 ekuseni.Udokotela ulinganisa umthamo ophelele wansuku zonke womchamo. Umphumela ulotshwe ohlangothini. Isisindo somzimba nokuphakama kwesiguli nakho kuyakhonjiswa.Izinto eziyinhloko ezitsheni ziyathuthumela.I-100-200 ml ithathwa esitsheni esihlukile kulo lonke ivolumu. Lolu ketshezi lwebhayoloji lusetshenziselwa ucwaningo olwengeziwe.Ukulungiselela ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa komchamo wasekuseni inqubo elula kakhulu. Umchamo uqoqwe esitsheni esihlanzekile, esomile. Ngemuva kwalokho isiqukathi sivalwe ngesimbozo esiqinile bese sithunyelwa elabhorethri. Lokhu akufanele kwenziwe kungakapheli amahora ayi-6 ngemuva kokuqoqwa kwezinto.Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukuhlolwa komchamo nsuku zonke kunikezwa kungakapheli izinyanga eziyi-9. Lokhu kuvimbela ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa kanye nezinkinga ezihlobene kuzo zombili umama nengane.Izici zokuqoqwa komchamo ezinganeniUkuqoqa umchamo wasekuseni ezinsaneni, ikakhulukazi kumantombazane, akulula. Ingane iselula kakhulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, ayilawuli inqubo yokuchama. Ukuze ukwenze kahle, landela imihlahlandlela engezansi.Cubungula amanzi abilayo epuletini elingashoni amantombazane. Lindela ukuthi izitsha zipholile ukuze ugweme ukushiswa. Ngemuva kokuvuka, geza umntwana. Faka isitsha ngaphansi kwezinkinobho zomntwana. Uma ephuza okuncane noma ezwa umsindo wamanzi, ukuchama kuyoshesha. Ungafaka futhi uswidi wekotoni ogcotshwe emanzini afudumele esifundeni se-perineal.Ikhondomu noma isikhwama somchamo esikhethekile siyobe silungele umfana njengesitsha sokuqoqa umchamo. Kubukeka njengesikhwama sepulasitiki esinomgodi phakathi. Imiphetho yephakheji inesisekelo esinamathelayo. Namathisela esithweni sangasese sowesifazane bese ubeka i-diaper phezulu.Ochwepheshe abancomi ukuthi kuqoqwe umchamo kusuka kumanabukeni. Kubandakanya ijeli elithatha uketshezi oluchithekile. Uma ucindezela umkhiqizo, lapho-ke umphumela uzoba ijeli elifanayo.Abanye abazali baqoqa umchamo edayilini yabo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu futhi akulungile. Indwangu isebenza njengesihlungi. Ngemuva kwayo, umchamo ulahlekelwa yizakhiwo zawo futhi awulungele ucwaningo lwelabhoratri.Ukuqoqa umchamo esitsheni samafutha usebenzisa isirinji nakho akusebenzi. Ngalesi sikhathi, ingane ayikhululekile. Izimbotshana ezinamafutha zingabanda kuye.Sebenzisa imbiza nakho akusona isisombululo esihle kakhulu. Ikakhulu uma yenziwe ngeplastiki. Bilisa isitsha esinjalo ukuze uzuze inzalo ephelele kuso, ngeke isebenze.Uma ulandela yonke imithetho yokulungiselela nokuqoqwa komchamo, lapho kungekho khona izifo kuzoba nemiphumela elandelayo yokuhlaziya.I-diuresis yansuku zonke ingu-1200-1500 ml. Ukudlula kulezi zinkomba kukhombisa ukukhula kwe-polyuria noma uhlobo 1 nohlobo 2 sikashukela mellitus.Umbala womchamo uvame ukukhanya ophuzi. Uma umchamo unombala ogqamile, lokhu kukhombisa ukugcwala okukhulu kwe-urochrome. Le ngxenye itholwa ngokuphuza okungamanzi okunganele noma ukushuba kwezicubu ezithambile. Ukwephulwa okunjalo kuphawula isifo sikashukela mellitus.Esikhathini sikashukela, umchamo unephunga elithile elikhombisa ubukhona be-acetone.Umchamo ojwayelekile ucacile.Uma kunamafu, lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi usawoti we-phosphoric ne-uric acid akhona kumchamo. Futhi incazelo iqinisekisa ukuba khona kwe-urolithiasis.Kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala ukungcola komchamo wokudonswa ngodaka. Lesi yisibonakaliso sokuqala sokuvuvukala okunamandla ku-urethra nasezinso.Amazinga kashukela omchamo ojwayelekile aqala ku-0 afike ku-0,02. Ukweqa ibanga elikhonjisiwe kubonisa ukwehluleka kwezinso noma isifo sikashukela. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, esivivinyweni somchamo nsuku zonke, ushukela ungabonakala ngobuningi obukhulu. Lo mehluko ubangelwa ukwakhiwa kabusha komzimba.Isimo senkomba ye-hydrogen pH ekuchazelweni kokuhlaziywa ngamayunithi ama-5-7.Okuqukethwe okuvumelekile kwamaprotheni lapho kungekho khona izifo akusikho ngaphezu kwe-0.002 g l. Uma imiphumela yokuhlaziya inikeze ukubaluleka okukhulu, kunengozi yokuthola izinqubo ze-pathological ezinso.Umchamo womuntu ophilile unephunga elimnene, elingenangqondo. Isifo sikashukela, sifana ne-acetone.Ukuhlolwa komchamo ushukela isifundo esibalulekile esisiza ukubona ukwehluleka kwezinso, isifo sikashukela nezinye izifo. Ukuthola imiphumela efanele kakhulu, kufanele ulandele yonke imithetho yokuthatha i-biomaterial. Ngobusuku obuthe ukuqoqwa umchamo, gwema ukulayisha ngokweqile, ingcindezi, umuthi nokuzivocavoca kanzima.Ukuhlolwa komchamo nsuku zonke ushukelaPhakathi kokuhlolwa okuningi kwelebhu okukhona emkhakheni wezokwelapha, indawo ebalulekile ithathwa ngokuhlaziywa komchamo ushukela. Ukuhlunga kwe-glucose engena egazini kwenzeka ngenxa yomsebenzi we-renal parenchyma, okungukuthi ku-renal tubules.Imvamisa, kumuntu ophile kahle, inkomba ye-glucose ekuhlaziyeni ngokujwayelekile komchamo ayinqunywa noma ingaphezulu kuka-0,5 - 0,8 mmol ilitha. Ukudlula kuleli zinga kubhekwa njengokuphazamiseka okuhlukahlukene okwenzeka emzimbeni.Hhayi njalo, lokhu kuphazamiseka kungokwezifo.I-glucose yi-carbohydrate edingekayo ukuze kusebenze ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwazo zonke izinhlelo zomzimba:kwenhliziyoi-endocrineumsiphai-hormonaluhlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi noluphakathi.Ekuhlolweni kwe-urinalysis eyejwayelekile, ukufundwa kweglue akulungileNgemikhiqizo edliwayo ngabantu, inani elikhulu lama-carbohydrate litholakala emzimbeni, lapho kukhiqizwa khona ushukela.Uma wonke amasistimu omzimba womuntu asebenza ngokujwayelekile, khona-ke izingxenye ze-glucose ngokuhlunga kwe-renal zingena egazini.Imvamisa, akufanele kube noshukela kumchamo, kepha kunezici ezithile ngaphansi kwethonya lapho kutholakala inani elithile likashukela emchameni.Izimbangela ezihlobene ne-pathology yomzimba:i-alimentary glucosuria,isimo ngemuva kokucindezelwa kokucindezelwa,umsebenzi ongabhaptizwanga womzimba.I-Glucosuria - isimo lapho kutholakala khona ushukela kumchamo, kwenzeka uma kwenzeka izinguquko ze-pathological emzimbeni:ukuphazamiseka ohlelweni lwe-endocrine isifo sikashukela i-mellitus, isifo se-thyroid, ukwephula izindlala ze-adrenal,umdlavuza wamanyikwe, ubuchopho,i-pathology ye-pituitary system,isimo ngemuva kokukhubazeka kwe-myocardial,ukuphazamiseka ohlelweni oluphambili lwezinzwa imivimbo, i-multiple sclerosis,izindlela ezahlukahlukene zezinso ezinekhono lokuhlunga lokufiphazwa.Yikuphi ukuvivinya okwenziwa ukuthola ushukelaEkuqaleni, ushukela utholakala ekuhlolweni okujwayelekile kwesiguli, i.e. lapho kungafanele kube yinto ejwayelekile. Izinga eleqa amanani ajwayelekile libonisa ukuphenywa komchamo ngokuqhubekayo. Ukwanda ushukela kumchamo akuyona asymptomatic kubantu. Ukuphazamiseka okuqale emzimbeni kuhlala kubonakaliswa yizimpawu ezimbalwa:Ubonisani eZimnitskyukoma okungalawulwa nokoma kolwelwesi lwe-mucous,imizwa yokulunywa endaweni yangaphandle yangasese kaningi kwabesifazane.Uma izimpawu eziningi ezinjalo zibonwa esigulini, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukubonana nodokotela ukuze ahlolwe. Ngaphambi kokuya kudokotela, ungavivinya ngokushesha ushukela umchamo. Imboni yezemithi ikhiqiza inani elihlukile lemichilo yokuhlola.Ukulawulwa kokuhlola ushukela kumchamo kuyindlela ekhanyayo.Ukuze uhlolwe, udinga ukuyochama esitsheni esihlanzekile, ngemuva kokwenza izinqubo zokuhlanzeka, wehlise umucu ngemizuzwana embalwa umchamo. Kungakapheli umzuzu, ungalinganisa umphumela ngokuqhathanisa umucu wephepha nesilinganiso, esisemabhokisini.Uma umphumela ungakhi, i.e. ngesilinganiso sokuqhathanisa, umbala we-strip ungaphakathi kwebanga elamukelekayo, khona-ke asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka, ngoba izinso zakho zibhekana ngempumelelo nomsebenzi wokuhlunga weglucose. Uma kunokushintshwa kombala we-strip strip kuqonde kokukhuphuka kwesilinganiso esikalini, khona-ke umphumela uthathwa njengento enhle.Umphumela omuhle uyinkomba eqondile yocwaningo olwengeziwe ngomchamo. Okokuqala udinga ukwenza i-urinalysis ejwayelekile ukuthola ukuthi kukhona ushukela kumchamo. Imvamisa, zonke izivivinyo zaselabhorathri zinembe kakhulu kunemichilo yokuhlola.Uma ekuhlaziyeni jikelele ukutholakala kwe-glucose kutholakala kuphakeme kunokwejwayelekile okuvumelekile, lapho-ke kufanele uqhubeke nocwaningo.Ngokwenza ucwaningo olwengeziwe, kunikezwe uhlaziyo lomtholampilo lwelebhu womchamo we-glucose. Ungathola ukudingiselwa ngokuya esikhathini esibonisana nodokotela ozokuchaza ukuthi usithatha kanjani lolu vivinyo ngendlela efanele.Imichilo yokuhlola ivumela ukuhlaziywa okusheshayoUkuqoqa umchamo wokuba khona kwe-glucose, kunezici ezithile zendlela yokuqoqa. Iqiniso ngukuthi ingxenye eyodwa yomchamo ayanele. Qoqa wonke umchamo woshukela nsuku zonke ezitsheni ezikhethekile.Ingxenye yokuqala ekuseni ayibhekwa, zonke ezinye izingxenye ziqoqwa ngokulandelana usuku lonke. Lonke ivolumu leletshezi eliqoqiwe lifakwa esiqandisini ukuze ligcinwe. Izinto eziqoqiwe akumelwe zibe yiqhwa.Ngaphambi kokuthatha ukuhlaziya kwelabhorethri yemitholampilo, lonke uketshezi luxubekile, kuthathwa kuphela i-100 ml elivela kumthamo ophelele. umchamo wansuku zonke.Isitsha esingenantambo esine-100 ml yezinto zokuhlola sisayiniwe, inani lonke elabelwe ngosuku kufanele likhonjiswe. Udinga ukuthi kudluliselwe ekhishwe ngudokotela kanye nawe. Umchamo kumele ulethwe ukuze uhlaziywe ngaphakathi kwamahora amathathu kuya kwayi-4 kusukela ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa kwengxenye yokugcina.Ukuhlaziywa komchamo woshukela nsuku zonke kuqoqwa esitsheni esihlukileUmchamo woshukela nsuku zonkeUkuhlolwa ushukela - ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma komchamo kwe-glucose noma i-glycated hemoglobin. Ukuhlolwa ushukela kufanele kwenziwe uma usola ukuthi isiguli sinesifo sikashukela.Uma umuntu enezimpawu zobuntu, ngokwesibonelo, ukoma okungapheli kanye nokwanda kwenani lomchamo, ukuncipha kwesisindo, ubuthakathaka nokungavikeleki komzimba, kufanelekile ukuthi uhlole izinga le-glucose egazini noma umchamo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifundo ezinjalo zenziwa njalo yilabo asebeke batholwa isifo sikashukela ukuze bakwazi ukubheka isimo sabo futhi, uma kunesidingo, balungisa ukwelashwa nokudla.Izinhlobo zokuhlaziywaNamuhla, ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma ukuhlaziya nsuku zonke kusetshenziselwa ukuthola isifo sikashukela. Okusemqoka kuyindlela yaselebhu kanye nendlela yokubonisa. Okungeziwe kufaka ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela kwe-glucose kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-glycated hemoglobin.Okuthembekile futhi kufundise kakhulu kubizwa ngokuthi indlela yokucwaninga, eyenziwa ezindaweni zokucwaninga zezikhungo zezokwelapha.Ngaphambi kokudlulisa isivivinyo sikashukela elabhorethri, ungasebenzisa indlela ekhanyayo - usebenzisa imitha kashukela wegazi ekhaya.Le ndlela inembile impela, kepha kuya ngempilo yedivayisi, ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri amasha nokugcinwa kahle kwemichilo yokuhlola.Kwenziwa ezinye izivivinyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe noma kuphikiswe ukutholakala kwesifo sikashukela. Enye yazo ithathwa njengokuhlolwa kwe-glucose susceptibility. Isiguli sithatha igazi izikhathi ezi-4 ngamahora ama-2. Okokuqala, igazi lithathwa ekuseni ngesisu esingenalutho, isiguli siphuza amagremu angama-75 kashukela bese siphinda sinika igazi ngehora, elilodwa nesigamu nambili. Kuzo zonke izivivinyo, umphumela uvivinywa.Ukuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated kukhombisa ushukela wegazi isikhathi esithile kuze kube izinyanga ezi-3. Lokhu kuhlola kunquma inani le-hemoglobin eboshwe kuma-molecule eglucose. Kuyasiza ukuhlola impumelelo yokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela. Ngokuziphatha kwalo, igazi lithathwa emunweni nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku.Ukulungiselela ukutadishaUkuqinisekisa ukuthi imiphumela yokuhlaziya ithembekile ngangokunokwenzeka, kunconyelwe ngaphambili:Ungadli lutho ngamahora angu-8,ungaphuzi utshwala ngosuku,musa ukuhlafuna izinsini noma ukuxubha amazinyo wakho ekuseni,ungathathi noma yimuphi umuthi ngaphambi kovivinyo, futhi uma ukwamukelwa kungakhanselwa, yazisa udokotela ngakho.Igazi kumele linikelwe kusuka emunweni, ngokuqinile esiswini esingenalutho ekuseni.Ukuqonda umphumelaUkuhlolwa ushukela kubandakanya ukuthola ukuthi lingakanani ushukela wegazi osheshayo. Uma kungaphezu kuka-6.7 mmol l, lokhu kukhombisa ubukhona besifo sikashukela esigulini. Okujwayelekile ngu-3.8-5.5 mmol L.Kepha kwezinye izimo, isiguli siselulekwa ukuthi sithathe isivivinyo sokubekezelela ushukela. Kwenziwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi umuntu unamathuba okuthola isifo sikashukela.Kwabanye abantu, esiswini esingenalutho, i-glucose ingaba yinto evamile, kepha yanda kakhulu ngemuva kokudla - lokhu kungenye yezimpawu zesifo sikashukela futhi kubonisa ukumelana noshukela.Kubantu abaphilile, esiswini esingenalutho, igazi aliqukethe ngaphezu kwe-5.6 mmol L kashukela.Ngemuva kokuthatha ushukela namanzi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa phakathi kwemizuzu engama-30 neyama-90, izinga layo lingaphansi kuka-11.1 mmol L, kuthi ngemuva kwamahora amabili libe ngaphansi kuka-7.8 mmol L.Ukuphambuka ekuvumelaneni kwe-glucose kutholakala uma izinga likashukela elisheshayo lingaphansi kuka-6.7 mmol L, phakathi komzuzu wamashumi amathathu nama-90 - ngaphansi kwesilinganiso esingu-11.1 mmol L, nangemva kwamahora ama-2 - 7.8-11.1 mmol l.Kwesinye isikhathi kuyanconywa futhi ukuthi kwenziwe isivivinyo samanje soshukela. Kulokhu, phambi kwakhe isiguli singavumi ukudla futhi sinikele ngegazi. Uma izinga le-glucose lingaphezu kwe-11.1 mmol L, lokhu kungakhombisa isifo, ngakho-ke kufanele uthinte udokotela wakho we-endocrinologist ukuthola izeluleko.Ukuhlolwa komchamo ushukela kungachazwa ngudokotela oholayo lapho esola ukuthi isiguli sinenkinga yesifo sikashukela noma umsebenzi wezinso ophazamisekile. Kumuntu ophile kahle, ushukela ukhona egazini kuphela, ubukhona bawo kwamanye uketshezi lwebhayoloji lungakhombisa ukuthuthukiswa kwanoma iyiphi i-pathologies.Ukubamba iqhaza ezinqubweni ze-metabolic, kungumthombo wamandla wendawo yonke. Ngokuvamile, ushukela kufanele unqobe i-glomeruli ye-renal futhi ugxishwe kuma-bubules.Le ndatshana izosiza abantu abanentshisekelo ukuba ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokuhlolwa komchamo kwesifo sikashukela: nini, ngani, futhi kanjani ukunikela?Kungani ushukela ubonakala emchameni?Ukuba khona kwalesi carbohydrate kumchamo kuthiwa yi-glucosuria. Ezimweni ezingama-45, lokhu kungaba yinsizakalo uma izinga likashukela kumchamo liphansi kakhulu. Ukwanda kwalesi sikhombisi kungaba impendulo ekusetshenzisweni kabi kwezidakamizwa nasekuphazamisekeni okungokomzwelo.Kodwa-ke, ushintsho ekwakhekeni komchamo lungabangelwa yi-pathologies engathi sína efana ne-renal glucosaria ukumunca ushukela izinso, iFanconi syndrome ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinso, kanye nesifo sikashukela i-mellitus.Yiziphi izinkomba ezisemqoka zesifo sikashukela lapho udinga khona ukuhlolwa umchamo? Ngemuva kwakho konke, kufaka phakathi lolu cwaningo kungakhombisa okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-glucose.Kufanele uthintane nodokotela ngokushesha lapho umuntu ezwa:ukoma okungapheli nomlomo owomileukunxenxa njalo ukuya endlini encane kancane,ukudinwa nokuqina kwamalunga,isiyezi nekhandaukukhathala nokungaphatheki kahleindlala engenangqondo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, olunye uphawu lwesifo sikashukela ukwehla kwesisindo ngokushesha. Lesi sifo sithinta abesilisa nabesifazane ngezindlela ezihlukile. Abamele abesilisa banokuphazamiseka emsebenzini wohlelo lwezitho zofuzo izinkinga nge-potency, njll. Abamele ingxenye yengxenye enhle yobuntu banokungahambi kahle kokuya esikhathini. Kuzona zozimbili lezi zifo, ukuqhubeka kwesifo kwesinye isikhathi kuholela ekungazalani.Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola i-pathology ngesikhathi ukuze ugweme imiphumela emibi.Ukuthola lesi sifo, isiguli sidlulisa i-urinalysis, uchwepheshe utshela ngemithetho yokuqoqa impahla.Ungakuqoqa kanjani i-biomaterial?Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuhlolwa komchamo nsuku zonke ushukela kunokufundisa ngaphezu kokusa. Kwenziwa kungakapheli amahora angama-24. Imvamisa, ukuqala kocingo kwenzeka ngo-6,00 futhi kuphele ngo-6,00.I-algorithm yokuqoqa umchamo ayikwazi ukuguqulwa. Izinto ezibonakalayo ziqoqwa ezitsheni eziyinyumba nezomile. Ukuze kube lula, kungathengwa isitsha esikhethekile ekhemisi. Kulokhu, ingxenye yokuqala ayisetshenziswa, kepha bonke abalandelayo badinga ukuqoqwa kungakapheli usuku.Isimo esisemqoka sokugcina lokhu okuqukethwe singamazinga okushisa aphansi cishe angama-4-8 degrees Celsius esiqandisini. Uma umchamo umane ungaphakathi ezindlini, umunxa woshukela okuwo uzokwehla kakhulu.Izincomo eziphambili zokuqoqwa kwe-biomaterial:Ngemuva kokuthi isinyezi singenalutho okokuqala, le ngxenye yomchamo idinga ukususwa.Kungakapheli amahora angama-24, umchamo uqoqwe esitsheni esihlanzekile, esingcolile.Njalo lapho ungeza ingxenye entsha, thinta isitsha.Ukusuka inani eliphelele lomchamo, kuyadingeka ukuthatha kusuka ku-100 kuya ku-200 ml bese uthelela kwesinye isidlo ukuze uhlolwe.Ngaphambi kokudlula kokuhlaziywa, isiguli sikhombisa ubulili, ubudala, isisindo nokuphakama.Uma umchamo usuqala ukuba namafu, khona-ke isiqukathi besingahlanzekile noma lokho kwathinta umoya, obekungafanele kuvunyelwe. Ngakho-ke, kudingeka uqiniseke ngokuqina kwezitsha bese uvala isivalo ngokuqinile.Ayikho imiyalo ekhethekile yokuqoqwa komchamo wasekuseni.Isiguli kufanele siqoqe i-biomaterial esitsheni esikhethekile, siyivale kahle futhi siyilethe elabhorethri kungakapheli amahora angama-5 siqokiwe.Ukucacisa imiphumela yocwaningo lomchamoUma isiguli sinamathela kuyo yonke imithetho yokulungiswa nokuqoqwa komchamo, lapho kungekho khona izifo, kufanele sibe nemiphumela elandelayo yocwaningo.Umchamo wansuku zonke ushukela kufanele ube ngevolumu ukusuka ku-1200 kuya ku-1500 ml. Ukudlula kulezi zinkomba kungakhombisa ukwenzeka kwe-polyuria noma isifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala nolwesibili.Umbala womchamo kumuntu ophile kahle kufanele ube ophuzi okhanyayo. Futhi umbala womchamo kushukela unemibala egqamile, okubonisa okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-urochrome. Le ngxenye ivela ngokuntuleka koketshezi noma ukunyakazisa kwayo izicubu ezithambile.Uma kungekho zifo ezahlukahlukene, umchamo ubonakala. Uma kunamafu, lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ama-phosphates nokuchama kukhona kuyo. Le nqubo iqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-urolithiasis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsalela ze-purulent ezikhishwa ngesikhathi sokulimala okukhulu ezinsweni nasezinhlungwini ze-urethra zingaba semchameni odakeni.Ukuhlushwa ushukela okujwayelekile kufanele kube ku-0 kuye ku-0,02. Ukudlula kulolu banga kukhombisa isifo sikashukela noma ukuhluleka kwezinso.Isimo senkomba ye-hydrogen index pH sisuka kumayunithi amahlanu kuya kwayi-7.Imvelo yokuqukethwe kwamaprotheni lapho kungekho khona izifo kusuka ku-0 kuye ku-0,002 g l. Okuqukethwe ngokweqile kukhombisa inqubo ye-pathological ezinso.Iphunga lomchamo kumuntu ophile kahle akudingeki ukuthi libukhali noma licaciswe. Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-pathologies, iyashintsha.Ngakho-ke, ngesifo sikashukela, iphunga lomchamo lingafani ne-acetone engathandeki.Imvelo yoshukela emchameni wabesifazane abakhulelweAbesifazane abasesikhundleni badinga ukwenza lolu cwaningo izinyanga eziyi-9 ukulawula zonke izinqubo emzimbeni.Njengoba isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa singakhula ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kwenziwa i-urinalysis ukuvikela ukugula nokugwema imiphumela emibi kubo bobabili umama okhulelwe kanye nengane.Esimweni lapho owesimame ephilile ngokuphelele, khona-ke isimo ushukela emchameni ngu-0-0.02. Kepha uma amanani aqhubeka edlula lolu banga, awudingi ukuthi ucasuke ngaso leso sikhathi. Izinguquko ezinjalo zibonisa ukwakhiwa kabusha komzimba womzimba womama esizayo. Odokotela batusa ukwenza ucwaningo olunjalo amahlandla amaningi, futhi uma izinga likashukela lowesifazane lingabhekwa, lapho-ke udinga ukukhalisa i-alamu.Njengakwezinye iziguli, ukugcwala koshukela egazini kukhombisa ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela. Ukuze uxilongeke ngokunembile, udokotela uqoka ukuhlolwa kokuxineka kwe-glucose kumchamo.Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa ezimweni eziningi sihamba ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi kungangena isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ngakho-ke abesifazane abakhulelwe badinga ukubhekwa njalo ngudokotela emtholampilo wabakhulelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umama okhulelwe udinga ukulala ngokwanele, adle kahle, ungalandela izimiso zokudla okunesifo sikashukela nokulawula ukwanda kwesisindo, uyeke imikhuba emibi bese uthatha izivivinyo ngesikhathi.Ukuhlolwa komchamo ushukela kusiza ukukhombisa hhayi isifo sikashukela kuphela, kepha namanye ama-pathologies. Ukuze ugweme isimo lapho umkhuba we-glucose kumchamo uhlanekezelwa, kubalulekile ukulandela yonke imithetho yokuthatha i-biomaterial.Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko ikhuluma ngamanani ajwayelekile lapho kuthathwa ukuhlolwa komchamo ushukela.Ukudla kokumelana ne-insulin: yini engingayidla?Uhlobo luni lwezithelo ushukela onalo?Ukudla kwe-insulin ephezulu yegazi 