 Electrophoresisisananalyticalmethodfrequentlyusedinmolecularbiologyandmedicine.Itisappliedfortheseparationandcharacterizationofproteins,nucleicacidsandsubcellularsizedparticleslikevirusesandsmallorganelles.ItsprincipleisthatthechargedpaElectrosprayIonizationTheideaofelectrospray,whilenotnew,hasbeenrejuvenatedwithitsrecentapplicationtobiomolecules.ThefirstelectrosprayexperimentswerecarriedoutbyChapmaninthelate1930sandthepracticaldevelopmentofelectrosprayionizationformassspectrometryBrownian Motion - Fractal Notes The University of British ColumbiaBrownianMotionFractalBeforewedwellintothedetailedapplicationsofBrownianmotion,theconceptfractalhastobeintroduced,asitplaysamajorpartinmanyimportantapplicationsofourTheconceptfractalwasintroducedbyIBMresearcherBenoitB.MandelbrotnearlytwoBrownian Motion - Fractal Notes 3 pagesAtmosphericPressureChemicalIonizationAPCIhasalsobecomeanimportantionizationsourcebecauseitgeneratesionsdirectlyfromsolutionanditiscapableofanalyzingrelativelynonpolarcompounds.Similartoelectrospray,theliquideffluentofAPCIisintroduceddirectlyintotheioniThegradientinFicksFirstLawHereareourtwomainpointsagain.Ifyouunderstandandmemorizethesetwosentences,youwillhavehalfofdiffusiondowncold:Diffusionisthenetfluxofparticlesdownaconcentrationgradientduetorandommovement,andDiffusivefluxisdirectlyproMass Spectrometry Notes The University of British ColumbiaMassspectrometryhasbeendescribedasthesmallestscaleintheworld,notbecauseofthemassspectrometerssizebutbecauseofthesizeofwhatitweighsmolecules.Overthepastdecade,massspectrometryhasundergonetremendoustechnologicalimprovementsallowingforitsMass Spectrometry Notes 2 pagesStokesEinsteinEquationDynamiclightscatteringphotoncorrelationspectroscopyThephotoncorrelationspectrometerPhotocorComplexisbasedonthePhotonCorrelationSpectroscopyPCStechniqueanddesignedformeasurementsofsubmicronparticlesizes,diffusioncoefficients,vSvedbergEquationTherearemanytypeofpreparativecentrifugationsuchasratezonal,differential,isopycniccentrifugation.Moleculesseparateaccordingtotheirsize,shape,density,viscosity,andcentrifugalforce.Thesimplestcaseisasphericalmolecule.IftheliquidhasthedensSedimentation Velocity Notes The University of British ColumbiaSedimentationVelocitySedimentationvelocitySVAUCisananalyticalultracentrifugationmethodthatmeasurestherateatwhichmoleculesmoveinresponsetocentrifugalforcegeneratedinacentrifuge.ThissedimentationrateprovidesinformationaboutboththemolecularmassandtheshSedimentation Velocity Notes 2 pagesMotionInRoboticsInthepaperbyK.ArakawaandE.Krotkov,theyproposedamethodofmodelinganaturalterrainbasedonfractalgeometrywhichcanbeappliedtoproblemssuchasrouteplanningforoutdoorexplorationbyautonomousmobilerobots.ThemethoduseselevationdataofaterrainwhicharCHEM 211 - 180 Documents 