<qa>  What is the risk of progression from latent infection to active pulmonary disease in adults?While in adults the risk of progression from latent infection to active pulmonary disease is about 5-10, in infants 1 year old this value increases up to about 30-40, therefore the diagnosis and the treatment of latent infections is more than ever necessary to reduce the risk of developing the disease. Thus an urgent need to identify specific and sensitive diagnostic tools that would enable better diagnosis of TB in childhood, particularly in the age group under 5 years, as clearly expressed also by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC in guidelines Use of Interferon-gamma release assays in support of TB diagnosis and by the resolution of the Regional Council of Tuscany Region n. 677 of 8.4.2014. 