<qa>  What is the purpose of the protocol?Motor training results in use dependent plasticity UDP, thought to underlie recovery of motor function after brain injury. The purpose of this protocol is to determine a if movement observation results in encoding of a motor memory in the primary motor cortex and b if observation of motor training can enhance the effects of physical training in healthy volunteers. If so, this may become an important tool in rehabilitative treatment for patients who are unable or partially able to train. We will test our hypotheses by means of focal single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation TMS in a group of healthy volunteers. Our outcome measure will be the change in TMS-evoked movement direction as a function of training strategy. So far we found that this is the case in healthy volunteers see data in analysis of the study. The purpose of this protocol is to determine if action observation can elicit the same effects in adult chronic ischemic stroke patients who have had originally significant motor weakness but recovered to the point of being able to perform the motor tasks, possibly resulting in a useful rehabilitative strategy. 