<qa>  What is the risk of HIV acquisition in heterosexual men?Voluntary Medical Male circumcision VMMC is an effective strategy to reduce the risk of HIV acquisition in heterosexual men. Observational data and randomized controlled trails RCTs conducted in Africa1,2,3 suggest that the procedure reduces the risk of HIV acquisition by 50-76 in heterosexual males. VMMC has also been shown to reduce the incidence of other sexually transmitted infections STI, including herpes simplex virus type 2 HSV-2 and human papilloma virus HPV in men4, and Chlamydia5, trichomonas vaginalis TV, bacterial vaginosis BV and HPV in their female partners6. 