<qa>  What is the absolute survival benefit of response to nCRT?In patients with esophageal cancer EC neo-adjuvant chemoradiation nCRT followed by surgery with curative intent leads to objective responses in 45 to 60, whereas 20-35 of the patients had no residual tumor ypT0N0 at pathologic examination. The absolute survival benefit of response to nCRT is 15, but still 14 of the patients develop locoregional failure in the CROSS trial. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography FDG-PET-CT is able to distinct responders from non-responders, but still misses significant clinical evidence. Whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging DWI magnetic resonance imaging MRI has shown potential benefits, which might be enhanced by combining both methods. PETCT and DWI-MRI more precisely correlate anatomic and metabolic FDG-avid lesions and seem to assess post-treatment changes, especially regarding nodal staging. Both techniques claim an important role in selection of patients with clinical complete response cCR and indirectly with pathologic complete response pCR after nCRT. However, the exact role and complementary effects of both techniques is still unknown. 