<qa>  What is the effect of ANC treatment on the cardiovascular system?ANC treatment is associated with maturation of the cardiovascular system and normalisation of the low blood pressure in the small premature infant at birth.ref This influence was evident after administration of surfactant.4 According to meta-analysis, ANC had no effect on the incidence of PDA. However in several studies, use of ANC was associated with increased spontaneous closure of PDA2,3,4, . 