<qa>  What is the ultimate goal of this study?The ultimate objective of this study is to rationalize treatment decisions. It is our hope that this pilot study will provide the basis for further randomized prospective studies. The expected benefit is that the current treatment and outcome of pediatric parapneumonic effusions will be determined. Insights into the therapy that results in the least morbidity, hospital days, and therefore cost will be elucidated. If our hypothesis is valid, then a more aggressive surgical approach to the treatment of a parapneumonic effusion may be warranted. If the hypothesis is not valid, then the appropriate treatment for a parapneumonic effusion, irrespective of institution and personal opinion, should become more apparent. 