<qa>  What is the WHO MC manual?Circumcision will be performed soon after informed consent, preferably within a few days. All surgeries will be done under local anesthesia in a clinic by trained clinicians, using the standardized forceps-guided method described by Krieger and colleagues and contained in the WHO MC manual23. Circumcised men will be counseled to refrain from sex for six weeks post-surgery and counseled about risk of HIV infection through open wounds during the healing process. They will be checked for complications and asked about their sexual activity seven days after the procedure. Men without complications will be followed six months after surgery with behavioral risk assessment, HIV testing and counseling. Men may come to the study sites for unscheduled visits at any time during the 6 month follow-up. All men will be counseled at enrollment and all follow-up visits to reduce their risk for HIV infection by consistent condom use and, where applicable, reductions in numbers of sex partners. Counselling on condom use and sexual risk reduction will be provided by trained, experienced, native-speaking counsellors. 