<qa>  How many people rely on biomass combustion to meet basic domestic energy needs?Nearly 3 billion people rely on biomass combustion to meet basic domestic energy needs. Many households use traditional cookstoves to meet these energy needs, which can result in extremely high indoor air pollution concentrations. Indoor air pollution from biomass combustion accounts for an estimated 3.9 million premature deaths per year, representing about 4.8 of the global disease burden. Improved stove designs have the potential to substantially reduce indoor air pollution exposures. However, there are few randomized intervention trials, and previous stove intervention studies have been plagued by low improved stove adoption and sustained use, severely limiting interpretations of these studies. This research proposes to conduct community surveys and in-depth interviews among Honduran cookstove users to gain insight into the complex pathways surrounding barriers to and predictors of sustained improved cookstove adoption among the target population for the proposed intervention. This information will be used to conduct and enhance a randomized improved cookstove intervention among 300 Honduran families, incorporating qualitative and quantitative measures of cookstove use and measuring pre- to post-intervention changes in pollutant exposures and subclinical indicators of cardiovascular health. 