<qa>  What is the relationship between glycemic variability and infections?The altered glucidic homeostasis in the critically ill patient may also cause a disfunction of immune cells with an increased risk of infections: Hirshberg et al. have found an association between glycemic variability an the risk of nosocomial infections development in a population of pediatric critically ill patients, studied retrospectively. A correlation between high glycemic variability, development of sepsis and risk of nosocomial infections in burn patients has also been demonstrated. Recently, a study by Krinsley and Preiser has highlighted how keeping blood glucose levels in a range between 70 and 140 mgdl is strongly associated with an increased surviving rate in non diabetic patients, independently from ICU length of stay and from the severity of the clinical conditions. Donati et al. have demonstrated, in a retrospective study, the relationship between glycemic variability and infections; however, its not yet clear if the glycemic variability is a cause of an effect of infections. Indeed, relationship is not equivalent to causality and its yet to be elucidated if an higher glycemic variability just represents a sign of a worse clinical condition or, conversely, really leads to an increased risk of nosocomial infections. In this last case, dedicated protocols should be mandatory, not only to normalize blood glucose levels but also to minimize excessive glycemic fluctuations. 