<prompt> unaweza kugeuza matini haya ya swahilikwa kiingereza?ema ni sifa kwa makala manne: 1 ukusanyaji wa data katika mazingira ya ulimwengu halisi; 2 tathmini zinazopambana na watu binafsi mataifa ya sasa au ya hivi karibuni sana au mabadiliko; 3 tathmini hiyo inaweza kuwa tukio makao, wakati makao, au nasibu ilisababisha kutegemea swali utafiti; na 4 ya kukamilika kwa tathmini mbalimbali baada ya muda stone and shiffman 1994.  <response>: ema is characterized by four features: 1 collection of data in real-world environments; 2 assessments that focus on individuals current or very recent states or behaviors; 3 assessments that may be event-based, time-based, or randomly prompted depending on the research question; and 4 completion of multiple assessments over time stone and shiffman 1994. 