<prompt> BRAF gene mutation is seen inBreast carcinomaMelanomaOsteosarcomaProstate carcinoma  <response>: Somatic activating mutations in the proto-oncogenes BRAF or NRAS are observed in a high propoion of melanomas. These mutations, which promote cellular proliferation and survival by activating the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase ERK pathway, generally are mutually exclusive, since BRAF functions downstream of RAS. Robbins Basic Pathology, 9 th edition. page : 867 