<prompt> Endotoxin shock is intiated by -endothelial injuryPeripheral vasodilationIncreased vascular permeabilityCytokines action  <response>: Cells of the innate immune system express receptors e.g., Toll-like receptors that recognize a host of microbe-derived substances containing so-called pathogen-associated molecular patterns PAMPs. Activation of pathogen recognition receptors by PAMPs triggers the innate immune responses that drive sepsis. Upon activation, the inflammatory cells produce TNF and IL-1 and other cytokines, plus cytokine-like mediators such as high-mobility group box 1 HMGB1. Reactive oxygen species and lipid mediators such as prostaglandins and plateletactivating factor PAF also are elaborated Chapter 2. These effector molecules activate endothelial cells, resulting in expression of adhesion molecules. Robbins Basic Pathology, 9 th edition, page 95 