<prompt> Which is the most common risk factor for RCC?Urinary tract infectionRenal calculiSmokingHypertension  <response>: Ref: Robbins Pathology, 9th ed. pg. 953Robbins states: Tobacco is the most significant risk factor. Cigarette smokers have double the incidence of renal cell carcinoma.Risk factors for RCC: MC risk factor: Smoking Obesity F M, Hypertension, asbestos exposure, CKD, tuberous sclerosis VHL Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome: Around half to 23rd of the patients with VHL develop renal cyst and bilateral RCC. 