<prompt> Rat hole is associated with which injury?Bomb injuryBum injuryPostmortem artifactBullet injury  <response>: Ans. d. Bullet injury Ref: Reddy 33e p219: Parikh 64.43Rat hole is associated with Bullet injury.Intermediate range shotgun wounds: At a distance of 60--90 cm, single irregular circular aperture 4 to 5 cm with irregular and lacerated edges is produced. The shots are scattered after entering the wound and cause much damage to the internal tissues. At a distance of 1.5 meters, the shot mass enters the body in one mass, producing a round defect. The margins are abraded. At a distance of 2 meters, the shot mass begins to spread. The wound of entry is irregular, with ragged margins rat hole about 5 cm in a diameter with a few satellite perforations at the margins of the main defect.FeatureContact ShotClose ShotNear ShotDistant ShotDefinition, Range and Discharge reaching victimIn firm hard or actual contact, the muzzle end is pushed hard against the skin and the all discharge from muzzle are blown into the track taken by bulletQ, producing severe disruption of deeper tissuesWhen the victim is within die range of flame. Point blank is used when the range is very close to or in near contact with skin and is with in the range of all discharge from muzzle.When the victim is within the range of gun powder but outside the range of flameWhen the victim is outside the range of all discharges of muzzle except bulletRifled firearm Revolver, Pistol range Shot gun range In touch with skin5-8 cm 2.5-7.5 cm Short range 1-2 meterUp to 50 cm 60 cmIntermediate range 2-4 metres50 cm or 60 cmLong distant range 4 metresDischargeBullet, gun powder, soot, smoke, carbon particles, gases, flame fire, burn, heat with imprinted barrel marks tearing in actual contactQBullet, gun powder, soot, gasesand bumBullet, gun powder, and- sootOnly bullet - coarse particles of gun powderBlast effectMuzzle end imprint, eversion of edges, back spatter, soiling of internal structures pocket formation, burst comminution fracture of skull and crazy paving fracture of base of skullQ are all seenAbsentAbsentAbsentHeat Effect onsurface clothsAbsentScorching of skin, singeing of hair burning melting - ironing of cloths presentAbsentAbsentBlackening smudgingAbsent outside present inside the trackQPresent outsideQ the woundAbsent -AbsentTattooingAbsent outside present insidePresent outsidePresent outsideAbsent -Abrasion Grease collarAbsent outside present insidePresentPresentPresent skin adjacent to hole shows two zones inner grease outer abrasion collarLead snow stormAbsentAbsentAbsentPresent on X-ray in shotgun injuryCarboxy Hb, Cherry red discolorationPresent in wound trackPresent in surrounding tissue--Surrounding skin around entrance wound showsNo burning, blackening soot, tattooing, abrasion grease collarBurning, blackening soot, tattooing, abrasion grease collar presentTattooing abrasion grease collar presentAbrasion grease dirt collar lead storm presentEntrance Wound SizeLargestBullet sizeSmallerSmallest due to initial stretching of skinShapeStellate star shapedQ, triangular, cruciform cruciateQ or raged irregular with crenated scalloped edgesCircular or rat holeQCircular central big wound with smaller wounds aroundCircular wide spreadQNumberSingleSingleMultipleMultipleEdges MarginScorched, contused, undermined or everted margins from which tears lacerations over skin radiating outwards from entrance hole because of expansion of gases between scalp skullInverted well definedInvertedInverted 