<prompt> Hellers myotomy is done for: September 2007, 2009, 2010Esophageal carcinomaPyloric hyperophyAchalasia cardiaInguinal hernia  <response>: Ans. C: Achalasia cardia Achalasia is associated with loss of ganglion cells in the esophageal myenteric plexus. These impoant inhibitory neurons induce LES relaxation and coordinate proximal-to-distal peristaltic contraction of the esophagus Achalasia is an esophageal motor disorder characterized by increased lower esophageal sphincter LES pressure, diminished-to-absent peristalsis in the distal poion of the esophagus composed of smooth muscle, and lack of a coordinated LES relaxation in response to swallowing. Barium radiology may show birds beak appearance. Esophageal Heller myotomy is a surgical procedure that is performed with minimally invasive techniques. The laparoscopic approach appears to be most appropriate. 