<prompt> A 45 - year old cirrhotic patient presented with severe haematemesis. The management of choice is :Whole blood transfusion is the bestColloids are preferred over crystalloidsNormal saline infusionIV fluid with diuretics  <response>: Ans. is a Whole Blood transfusion Patients with significant hemorrhage, Anaemia or Intravascular volume depletion require Blood transfusion or colloid containing solutions albumin, Dextran but whole blood transfusion is the tt of choice because colloidal solutions are expensive and they have some adverse effectTT of hypovolemia :The therapeutic goals are to restore normovolemia with fluid similar in composition to that lost and to replace ongoing losses.Mild volume contraction can usually be corrected via oral route. More severe hypovolemia requires intravenous therapy. Normonatremic or Mildly - Isotonic or normal saline 0.9 NaCl and should be hyponatremic individuals administered initially in pts with hypotension or shock.Severe Hyponatremia - Hypertonic Saline 3.0 NaClHypernatremia - Half Normal Saline0.5 NaClIf Hypokalemia also occurs - Add appropriate amount of KC1 to replacement solution.Significant haemorrhage, - Whole blood transfusion.Anaemia or IntravascularVolume depletion 