<prompt> Which of the following statement is true about bacteriophage -It is a bacteriumIt helps in transformationIt imparts toxigenicity to bacteriaIt transfers only chromosomal gene  <response>: When a bacteria becomes lysogenized, occasionally, extra genes carried by the phage gets expressed in thebacteria. This gene can change the properties of the bacteria. This process is known as lysogenicconversion or phage conversion.Example: Lysogenic conversion in corynebacterium diphtheria converts it into pathogenic bacteria. Afterlysogenic conversion, C. diphtheria acquires the ability to produce toxin.Bacteriophage Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. Bacteriophages resemble most viruses in having a protein coat called a capsid that surrounds amolecule of DNA or RNA. Typical phages have hollow heads where DA or RNA is stored and tunnel tails.The tail possesses many fibres. The fibres hare the ability to bind to specific molecules on the bacterialcell surface. When a phage binds to bacterial cell surface it is called adsorption. The phage then undergoespenetration, in which the viral DNA is injected through the tail into the host.Types of phages: Lytic or virulent phages and Temperate or prophages1. Lytic or virulent phages:Lytic phages multiply inside the cell and release a burst of phages through the membrane, lysing the cell.2. Prophages or temperate phages:Prophages or temperate phages, on the other hand, do not immediately lyse the bacteria they infect. Instead,they integrate their DNA into host DNA creating a phage.The phage DNA in this repressed state is called a prophage because it is not a phage but it has the potentialto produce phageThe integrated state of phage DNA is termed prophage, whereas, the process is known as lysogeny and thebacteria harbouring the prophage are called lysogenic bacteria.Since the prophage contains genes, it can. confer new properties to the bacteria.When a bacteria becomes lysogenized, occasionally, extra genes carried by the phage gets expressed in the bacteria. This gene can change the properties of the bacteria. This processis known as lysogenic conversion or phage conversion.Lysogenic conversion in Corynebacterium Diphtheria converts it into pathogenic bacteria. After lysogenic conversion, C. diphtheria acquires the ability to produce toxin.Lysogenic conversion is also seen in Salmonella typhi and Clostridium botulinum.TransductionTransduction occurs when bacteriophage carries a piece of bacterial DNA from one bacterium to another. Transduction is not only confined to transfer of chromosomal DNA, episomes and plasmid may also be transduced. The plasmid is a DNA molecule that is separate from and can replicate independently of chromosomal. Types of transduction. Lytic phages cause generalized transduction. Temperate phages cause specialized transduction 