<prompt> Pseudoachalasia may be caused byGastric adenocarcinomaLung carcinomaPancreatic carcinomaAll of the above  <response>: Pseudoachalasia is an achalasia-like disorder with dysphagia and weight loss that is usually produced by adenocarcinoma of the cardia, but has also been described in relation to benign tumours at this level. It has been presumed that the inability of the sphincter to relax is linked to the loss of body peristalsis, but other cancers outside the oesophagus bronchus, pancreas have also been associated with pseudoachalasia.Reference : page 1036 Bailey and Loves sho practice of surgery 25th edition 