<prompt> Which of the following is not included in definition of nephrotic syndrome: PGI Dec 2008Microscopic hematuriaAnasarcaHyperlipipidemtaHypoalbaminemia  <response>: Ans: A Nephrotic Syndrome NS - quoting exact lines from textbookThe characteristic features of nephrotic syndrome are heavy proteinuria 3.5 g24hr in adults or 40 mgm2hr in children, hypoalbuminemia 2.5 gdl, edema hyperlipidemia - Nelson 18th2190NephroticSyndrome classically presents with heavy proteinuria, minimal hematuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperchloesterolemia, edema hypertension- H17th1790The manifestations of the NS Enclude-massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, generalised edema anasarca , hyperlipidemia lipiduria - Robbins 7th978NS is characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia edema. Hyperlipidemia is usually associated; hematuria, hypertension impaired renal function are occasionally seen- O.P. Ghai 6th450So, from above discussion, it is clear that defining criteria for NS are - heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, anasarca hyperlipidemia.Nephritic Syndrome- Robbins 7th967Manifestations of nephritic syndrome are - hematuria , azotemia, variable proteinuria1, oliguria , edema hypertension .Also know Robbinsous glomerulopathy is the most common cause of the NS in adultsMinimal change disease also ka nil lesion or lipoid nephrosis is the most frequent cause of NS in children.NPHS 1 gene maps to chromosome 19ql3 encodes the protein nephrin. Mutation of this gene give rise to congenital nephrotic syndrome of the finnish type .NPHS 2 gene , maps to chromosome lq25-31 encodes the protein product podocin. Mutation of this gene results in a syndrome of steriod resistant? NS of childhood onset.Adult polycystic kidney disease ADPKD is caused by mutation in genes located on chromosome 16pl3.3 PKD If 4q21 PKD Ij encodespolycystinlPKD 2 encodes polycystin 2.Autosomal Recessive polycystic kidney Diseases ARPKD Q is caused by mutation in PKHD 1 gene which encodes fibrocystin protein. It is located on 6p 21-23 chromosome.NPH 1 gene, which encodes nephrocystin, is responsible for jevenile form ofnephronophthisis. 