<prompt> All can be used to lower mother-to-child HIV spread except:Elective CSOmitting ergometrineARTIntrapartum nevirapine  <response>: Ans. is b, i.e. Omitting ergometrineRef. Harrison 17e, p 1145; Dutta Obs. 7e, p 302, 303; Williams 22e, p 1316, 23e, p 1252, 1253For prevention of mother-to-child transmission, the following steps are advocated intrapartum.1. Nevirapinezidovudine during labor2. If viral copies are 1000ml, then elective cesarean should be done, otherwise vaginal delivery can be attempted.3. Women with HIV infection should be scheduled for induction of labour or cesarean delivery at 38 weeks of gestation. The reason for this timing of delivery is to avoid rupture of membranes before labour.4. Avoid breastfeeding.5. If vaginal delivery is being done, ARM during labour is avoided.6. The newborn of HIV-infected mother is treated with oral zidovudine, 2 mgkg every 6 hrs for the first 6 weeks of life.7. There is no role of vitamin A supplementation in preventing transmission, but it is seen that vitamin A deficiency has been noted in pregnant females with HIV. So, vitamin A supplementation is done. 