<prompt> Major indication s for arthroplasty -a Osteoarthritis of hipb Ankylosis of elbowc Ununited tibial fractured Ununited femoral neck fracturee TB spineabdbcdabcab  <response>: Arthroplasty, also known as joint replacement, is the operative procedure for construction of a new movable joint.It is a surgical procedure to restore the integrity and function of the joint.Common arthroplasties are of following types :1 Hip arthroplastyFollowing type of hip arthroplasties are there :Total hip replacement : Both parts of joint, i.e. femoral head and acetabulum, are replaced by prosthesis.Hemi-arthroplasty hemi-replacement : Only one part of the joint, i.e. femoral head, is replaced without putting acetabular component. Examples are Bipolar hemiarthroplasty and unipolar herniartroplasty AMR.Surface replacement resurfacing procedure : Only diseased surface of femoral head is resected and is replaced by metal surface.Important indications for TKRArthritis : Rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis primary or secondaryAvascular necrosis of femoral head due to alcoholism, non-union femoral neck fracture and cortisoneBone tumor involving proximal femur or acetabulum.Failed hemiarthroplastyOld healed infection TB or pyogenic2 Knee arthroplastyKnee arthroplasties may be of following types :Total knee replacement : Complete joint, i.e. both condyles of femur, both tipial plateau and patella are resected and replaced by prosthesis.Unicondylar replacement : Only one condyle medial or lateral of femur is replaced.Patellar resurfacing : Diseased part of patella is resected and resurfaced.Important indications of TKRArthritis : RA, OA, Postraumatic arthritis, inflammatory arthritis goutHemophiliaTumors3 Elbow arthroplastyThe elbow joint heumero-ulnar joint is replaced by an artificial hinged elbow prosthesis.Important indications for elbow replacementPain instabilityAnkylosis in non-functional position e.g. in RA 