<prompt> Which of the following drugs is used to prevent the mother-to-child transmission of HIV?LamivudineNevirapineStavudineAbacavir  <response>: Ans. b. Nevirapine Ref: Goodman and Gilman 12e p1643; COGDT 10p e692-693; Dutta 7e p301-302; Williams 23e p1248; Park 21e p321; Nelson 18e p1430-1431Nevirapine is used to prevent the mother-to-chiid transmission of HIV.Single-dose nevirapine has been commonly used in pregnant, HIV-infected women to prevent mother-to-child transmission. A single oral intrapartum dose of 200 mg nevirapine followed by a single dose given to the newborn reduced neonatal infection by 13 compared with 21.5 infection with a more complicated zidovudine regimen, as studied by Sheran and co-workers in 2005. One important study in Uganda demonstrated that a single dose of nevirapine given to the mother at the onset of labour followed by a single dose to the new horn within 72 hours of birth decreased transmission by 50 compared with a regimen of zidovudine to the mother. The cost of this regimen is much cheaper than that of zidovudine and thus is being used increasingly in developing countries for prevention of mother to child transmission.- Goodman and Gilman 12e p1643Antiretrovirals used for preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV-Zidovudine and Nevirapine.Mother to Child Transmission MTCT of HIVMTCT in developing countries India: 30QMTCT in developed countries: 20TimingTransmission RateDuring Pregnancy5-10QDuring labour and delivery10-15QDuring breast feeding5-20QOverall without breast feeding15-25QOverall with breast feeding up to 6 months20-35QOverall with breast feeding up to 18-24 months30-45Q Prevention of MTCTModalityDose typeReduction in MTCT byPost-modality MTCT in IndiaZidovudineMother: 300 mg BD from 36 weeks POG 300 mg 3h during deliveryChild: 2 mg kg 6h X 6 weeks66Q10NevirapineSingle oral doseMother: 200 mg at labour onsetChild: 2 mg kgQ within 72 hours of birthQ50Q15QCaesarean sectionElective CS5015 