<prompt> Madelungs deformity involves WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ?Humerus headProximal ulnaDistal radiusCarpal bones  <response>: madelung deformity- abnormality of the palmar ulnar pa of the distal radial epiphysis in which progressive ulnar volar tilt develops at distal radial aicular surface, resulting in dorsal subluxation of distal ulna cause - autosomal dominant ,dysplasic, genetic or idiopathic clinical features- volar subluxation of hand , prominence of distal ulna, volar ulnar angulation of distal radius radiological abnormalities are seen in radius ,ulna carpal bones.radius is curved with its convexity dorsal and radial .Distal radial epiphysis is triangular. Ulna is subluxated dorsally,head is enlarged overall length of ulna is decreased. Carpus is subluxated ulnaward palmarwards into distal radioulnar joint,carpus appear wedge shaped with it;s apex proximal treatment-conservative surgical- considered for severe deformity or persistent pain .in skeletally immature patients ,distal radial osteotomy with ulnar shoening Milch resection preferred .In skeletally mature osteotomy Darrach;s procedure is done. REF:textbook of ohopedics ,John ebenezer,4th edition ,pg.no. 492 