<prompt> Turner syndrome, true is ?XYchromosomal abnormalityTall stature, small testesPreductalcoarctation of aoaPresence of testes  <response>: Ans. is c i.e., Preductalcoarctation of aoaTurners syndrome Turners syndrome is the most common sex chromosomal disorder in phenotypic females.Turners syndrome results from complete or paial loss of one X chromosome 45, X and is characterised by hypogonadism in phenotypic femalesFeatures of Turner syndrome in children :?The most severely affected patients generally present during infancy with edema owing to lymph stasis of the dorsum of the hand and foot and sometimes swelling of the nape f the neck.Swelling of the neck is related to markedly distended lymphatic channels, producing so called cystic hygroma.As these infants develop, the swelling subsides but often leave bilateral neck webbing and persistent looseness of skin on the back of the neck.Congenital hea disease is also common, paicularly preductal coarctation of Aoa and bicuspid Aoic valve.C. VS abnormalities are most impoant cause of moality in children with Turner s syndrome.Features of Turners syndrome in Adolescents and Adult:-At pubey there is failure to develop normal secondary sex characteristics.The genitalia remains infantile, breast development is inadequate and there is little pubic hair. Nipples are widely spaced.Turner syndrome is the single most impoant cause of primary amenorrhoea accounting for approximately 13 of the cases.Sho stature height rarely exceeds 150 cm.The mental status of these patients is usually normal but subtle defects in nonverbal, visual spatial information processing have been noted mental retardation is associated with the presence of extra chromosome not with loss of X chromosome.About 50 of the patients develop autoantibodies directed to the thyroid gland and upto one half of these patients develop hypothyroidism.Other features include low posterior hairline, webbing of neck, cubitus valgus, streak ovaries. o Glucose intolerance, obesity and insulin resistance are also seen. 