<prompt> Chancroid is caused by:Treponema pallidumLeishmania donovaniHaemophilus ducreyiDonovania granulomatis  <response>: Ans. c Haemophilus ducreyi. Ref. Textbook of microbiology by Ananthanarayan 6th 311.VulvovaginitisAdherent yellowish discharge, pH 5, fishy amine odor in KOH, clue cells, gram - cell dominateBacterial vaginosisOvergrowth of Gardnerella vaginalis, anaerobesClue cells, gram - rodsMetronidazoleVulvovaginitis, pruritus, erythema, discharge with consistency of cottage cheeseCandida spp.Antibiotic use- overgrowth, immunocom promisedGerm tube test, gram yeasts in vaginal fluidsNystatin, miconazoleStrawberry cervix foamy purulent discharge; many PMNs and motile trophozoites microscopically corkscrew motilityTrichomonas vaginalisVaginitis with dischargePear-shaped trophozoites with corkscrew motilityMetronidazoleEducational points: STDCAUSATIVE AGENTDIAGNOSISTREATMENT1.Chancroid Soft soreH. ducreyiSchool of fishRail road trackErythromycinCotrimazole2.L6VChlamydiae trachomatis L1 L2, and L3Culture of LGV strain from node or rectum, occa-sionally from urethra or cervix; NAAT for C. trachomatis from these sites; LGV CF titer, 1:64; micro-IF titer, 1:512.Tetracycline3.Syphilis Hard chancreT. pallidumDark ground microscopyPenicillin4.Genital herpesH. simplex2HSV infection is best confirmed in the laboratory by detection of virus, viral antigen, or viral DNA in scrapings from lesions.Acyclovir5.DonovaniasisGranuloma inguinaleCalymmto- bacterium granulomatisSmears can be examined in a clinical setting by direct microscopy with a rapid Giemsa or Wrights stain. Donovan bodies can be seen in large, mononuclear Pund cells as gram-negative intracytoplasmic cysts filled with deeply staining bodies that may have a safety-pin appearance.Erythromycin6.GonorrhoeaN. gonorrheaA rapid diagnosis of gonococcal infection in men may be obtained by Grams staining of urethral exudates.PenicillinCeftriaxone For disseminated gonorrhoea7.TrichomoniasisT. vaginalisStrawberry vagina Cxmetrotinidazole8.Bacterial vaginosisGarnerellaVaginalisClue cellsLeucocytopeniaReduced lactobacilliMetronidazole Clindamycin 