<prompt> Maximum dose of radiation exposure during pregnancy is0.5 rad1 rad1.5 rad5 rad  <response>: The biological effects of x-rays are caused by an electrochemical reaction that can damage tissue. Embryo-fetal risks from low-dose diagnostic radiation appear to be minimal. Current evidence suggests that there are no increased risks for malformations, growth restriction, or aboion from a radiation dose of less than 0.05 Gy 5 rad. Reference: William;s Obstetrics; 24th edition; Chapter 46; General Considerations and Maternal Evaluation 