<prompt> Miners cramp are due to ?Heat collapsHeat crampsSunstrokeHeat exhaustion  <response>: Ans. is b i.e., Heat cramps Exposure to high atmospheric temperatures causes three clinical conditions :? 1. Heat crampsMiners crampsStokers crampFiremens cramp These are painful spasm of voluntary muscles which follow sternous work in a hot atmosphere. These are caused by loss of water and salt in profuse prespiration sweating. 2. Heat exhaustionheat collapseheat syncopeheat prostration There is collapse without any elevation of body tempetature. It occurs due to exposure to high temperature in closed environment and is precipitated by muscular exercise and unsuitable clothing. There is extreme exhaustion with peripheral vascular collapse with scanty prespiration sweating. 3. Heat stroke heat hyperpyrexiasunstroke it is due to failure of heat regulating mechanism caused by failure of cutaneous circulation and sweating. It occurs due to exposure to heat in open and humid environment. There is sudden collapse with loss of consciousness. Skin is dry, hot flushes and there is no sweating. All signs of shock are present, i.e. low urine out put, low BP, rapid irregular pulse etc. 