<prompt> All are used in hyperkalemia except-50 ml of 50 dextroseSodium bicarbonateSalbutamolCalcium gluconate  <response>: Insulin lowers plasma K concentration by shifting K into cells. The recommended dose is 10 units of intravenous regular insulin followed immediately by 50 mL of 50 dextrose D50W, 25 g of glucose total; the effect begins in 10-20 min, peaks at 30-60 min, and lasts for 4-6 h. Bolus D50W without insulin is never appropriate, given the risk of acutely worsening hyperkalemia due to the osmotic effect of hypeonic glucose. reference: harrisons principles of internal medicine, 19E, page -312 