<prompt> Indications for FFP includeRapid reversal of effects of warfarinSupplying deficient plasma proteinsTreatment of TTPAll of the above  <response>: Ans. d All of the above Ref. Harrison 18th ch. 113; Table 113-2Characteristics of Selected Blood ComponentsComponentVolume, mLContentClinical ResponsePRBC180-200RBCs with variable leukocyte content and small amount of plasmaIncrease hemoglobin 10 gL and hematocrit 3Platelets50-70200-4005.5 x 1010RD unit3 x 10USDAP productIncrease platelet count 5000-10,000L CCI 10 x 109L within 1 h and 7.5 x 109L within 24 h posttransfusion.FFP200-250Plasma proteins-coagulation factors, proteins C and S, antithrombinIncreases coagulation factors about 2Cryoprecipitate10-15Cold-insoluble plasma proteins, fibrinogen, factor VIII, vWFTopical fibrin glue, also 80 IU factor VIIIBLOOD COMPONENTSWHOLE BLOOD It is the ideal component for patients who have sustained acute hemorrhage of 25 total blood volume loss. Whole blood is stored at 4degC to maintain erythrocyte viability, but platelet dysfunction and degradation of some coagulation factors occurs. In addition, 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate levels fall over time, leading to an increase in the oxygen affinity of the hemoglobin and a decreased capacity to deliver oxygen to the tissues, a problem with all red cell storage.PACKED RED BLOOD CELLS It increases oxygen-carrying capacity in the anemic patient. Adequate oxygenation can be maintained with a hemoglobin content of 70 gL in the normovolemic patient without cardiac disease; however, comorbid factors often necessitate transfusion at a higher threshold. In most patients requiring transfusion, levels of hemoglobin of 100 gL are sufficient to keep oxygen supply from being critically low. PRBCs may be modified to prevent certain adverse reactions. Leukocyte reduction of cellular blood products is increasingly common, and universal prestorage leukocyte reduction has been recommended. These PRBC units contain 5 x 106 donor white blood cells WBCs, and their use lowers the incidence of posttransfusion fever, CMV infections, and alloimmunization. Other theoretical benefits include less immunosuppression in the recipient and lower risk of infections. Plasma, which may cause allergic reactions, can be removed from cellular blood components by washing.FRESH-FROZEN PLASMA FFPFFP contains stable coagulation factors and plasma proteins: Fibrinogen, Antithrombin, Albumin, as well as Proteins C and S.Indications for FFP include: Correction of coagulopathies, including the rapid reversal of warfarin; Supplying deficient plasma proteins; and TTP FFP is an acellular component and does not transmit intracellular infections, e.g., CMV. Patients who are IgA-deficient and require plasma support should receive FFP from IgA-deficient donors to prevent anaphylaxis.CRYOPRECIPITATE Cryoprecipitate is a source of fibrinogen, factor VIII, and von Willebrand factor vWF. It is ideal for supplying fibrinogen to the volume-sensitive patient. When factor VIII concentrates are not available cyroprecipitate may be used since each unit contains approximately 80 units of factor VIII. Cryoprecipitate may also supply vWF to patients with dysfunctional type II or absent type III von Willebrand disease. FACTOR EX IS ABSENT IN CRYOPRECIPITATE. 