<prompt> The chamber condition required for autoclaving with respect to the temperature-time is which of the following?121degC temperature for 20 min121degC temperature for 15 min100degC temperature for 60 min100degC temperature for 90 min  <response>: Moist heat sterilization, usually autoclaving, is the most frequently used method of sterilization. Bacterial spores which are resistant to boiling are sterilized using autoclaving. Autoclaving is done in a chamber in which steam, at a pressure of 15 lbin2, reaches a temperature of 121degC and is held at that temperature for 15 to 20 minutes. Sterilization by dry heat requires temperatures in the range of 180degC for 2 hours. It is used primarily for glassware. Pasteurization involves heating the milk to 62degC for 30 minutes followed by rapid cooling. It is sufficient to kill the vegetative cells of the milk-borne pathogens e.g., Mycobacterium bovis, Salmonella, Streptococcus, Listeria, and Brucella. Ref: Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 12e, Chapter 13 