<prompt> Hyperkalemia means more than4.5 mEql5.5 mEql7.5 mEql10.5 mEql  <response>: Normal plasma K concentration is bw 3.5 5.0 mEqL. Hyperkalemia is defined as a plasma potassium level more than 5.5 mEqL Hypokalemia: plasma K 3.5 mEq. Severe hyperkalemia is K 6.0 mEq. 8.0 mEq- Causes diastolic arrest Systolic arrest seen when Ca 13 mg Causes of hyperkalemia: Pseudo hyperkalemia: Fist clenching, narrow bore needle, cooling of sample, TLC , Platelet , RBC Acidosis: Trans-cellular shift CKDAKI Aldosterone - Addison disease, histoplasmosis, HIV, Waterhouse Frederickson syndrome Gordon syndrome - gain of function of NaCl cotranspo ECG changes in Hyperkalemia - Tall tented T wave ST elevation Broad QRS If 8.0 mEq: SINE WAVE PATTERN is seen. Treatment: Antagonism: Calcium gluconate , calcium chloride Redistribution: Insulin drip with 50 dextrose; salbutamol nebulization Removal of potassium: Furosemide, resin sodium polystyrene sulphonate etc 