<prompt> Virchows triad includes all of the following, EXCEPT-Venous stasisInjury to veinsBlood hypercoagulabilityVenous thrombosis  <response>: Virchows triad refers to three primary influences that predispose to thrombus formation.Endothelial injury or vascular injuryStasis or turbulence of blood flowBlood hypercoagulabilityVirchows triad should be the cornerstone for assessment of risk factors for deep venous thrombosis.Stasis can occur with venous insufficiency, severe heart failure, or prolonged bed rest or immobility of an extremity following coma, pelvic or limb fracture, paralysis, extended aeroplane travel, or a lengthy operation.Endothelial injury can result from direct trauma severed vein, venous cannulation, or transvenous pacing or local irritation secondary to the infusion of chemotherapy, previous DVT, or phlebitis.Damaged endothelium leads to platelet aggregation, degranulation and formation of thrombosis as well as vasoconstriction ad activation of the coagulation cascade.The hypercoagulable state can be inherited or acquired.These aredef. of antithrombin III, protein C or Sincreased homocysteinefactor V Leiden mutationprothrombin gene mutationantiphospholipid syndromeparoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuriamalignancy lung cancer - most commonly pancreas, prostate, breast, ovary etc...nephrotic syndromepregnancy, high dose estrogen therapy or OCPs.Some important questions on deep vein thrombosisHomans sign Calf tenderness on forced ankle dorsiflexion.Phlegmasia alba dolens Painful white legPhlegmasia cerulea dolens Painful blue legMoses Sign Calf tenderness on direct pressure on the calfPratts Sign Calf tenderness on squeezing the calf from the sides. Duplex ultrasound is the diagnostic modality of choice in deep vein thrombosis. 