<prompt> Which toll like receptors are involved in action of bacterial endotoxins -IIIIIIV  <response>: Ans. is b i.e., II o Ten different mammalian Toll like receptors TRRs have been identified -- TLR 1 to 10. o TLRs are involved in responses to widely divergent types of molecules that are commonly expressed by microbial but not mammalian cells. TLR Microbial ligand molecules Peptidoglycan of Gram ve bacteria zymosan of fungi GPI anchor of Trypanosomes Lipoarabinomannan of mycobacteria LPS endotoxin of Leptospira Lipoproteins of bacteria Double - stranded DNA of viruses LPS endotoxin of all other gram -ve bacteria HSF 00 of chlamydia Flagellin of bacteria CpG DNA of bacteria and protozoa Note ? o Bacterial endotoxin of all gram -ve organisms, bind to TLR-4, except Leptospira. o Endotoxin of leptospira binds to TLR-2. 