<prompt> The preferred public health approach to control non- communicable diseases is -Shift the population curve of risk factors by a population based approach.Focus on high risk individuals for reduction of riskEarly diagnosis and treatment of identified cases.Individual disease based vertical programmes  <response>: It is now felt that the principles of prevention of CHD can be applied also to other major NCDs because of common risk factors. A broader concept is emerging, that is , to develop an overall integrated programme for the Prevention and control of NCDs as part of primary health care systems, simultaneously attacking several risk factors known to be implicated in the development of NCDs. Such concerted preventive actions should reduce not only cardiovascular diseases but also other major NCDs.Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases NCDs :1. Population strategy :Focus on control of underlying causes risk factors in whole populations, not merely by individualsPrinciple: Small changes in risk factor levels in total populations can achieve the biggest reduction in mortality, thus aim should be to shift the whole curve or risk factors towards biological normalitySpecific interventions:1. Dietary changes: Dietary modification is the principal preventive strategy in the prevention of CHD;WHO recommended changes Prudent diet-dietary goals:i. Reduction of fat intake to 20 30 of total energy intakeii. Consumption of saturated fats 10 of total energy intakeiii. Reduction in dietary cholesterol to 100 mg1000 kcaldayiv Increase in complex carbohydrate consumptionv. Reduction of salt intake to 5 gms per dayvi. Avoidance of alcohol consumptionvii. Primordial prevention2. High risk strategy :Identifying risk: by using simple tests for blood pressure, serum cholesterol measurement El Specific advice: to those identified at high risk3. Secondary prevention :Aim: to prevent reoccurrence and progression of NCDsMost promising results have come from beta-blockersFollowing information has been added in 22nd e of ParkRecently, the WHO has developed a survey methodology know as the STEPS Non-communicable Disease Risk Factors Survey to help countries establish NCD surveillance system. The methodology prescribes three steps - questionnaire, physical measurements and biochemical measurements. 