<prompt> Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency causesEmphysemaBronchitisBronchieactasisPneumonia alba  <response>: Ans. a Emphysema . Ref. Robbins, 6th709; Harrison medicine 17th ed. 1638EMPHYSEMA TYPES:1.Centraacinar- Most common type- Most frequently associated with smoking- Most prominent in upper lobe and superior segment of lower lobe2.Panacinar- Alphal antitrypsin deficiency- Prediliction for lower lobe3.Centrilobular-Educational point: In alphal anti-trypsin deficiency panacinar is common, while in chronic smokers centracinar in commoner. Garden variety: smoking related to emphysema is usually mixed. 