<prompt> Which of the following causes tropical spastic paresis?HIVHBVHTLVEBV  <response>: Ans. c. HTLV Ref: Ananthanaravan 9e p567: Harrison 19e p697HTLV causes tropical spastic paresis.HTLV-1 is also the cause of tropical spastic paraparesis--a neurologic disorder that occurs somewhat more frequently than lymphoma and with shorter latency and usually from transfusion-transmitted virus. --Harrison 19e p697HTLV-1 has been established as the causative agent of adult T-cell Leukemia-Lymphomas ATL as well as nervous system degenerative disorder called tropical spastic paraparesis.Tropical Spastic ParaparesisCaused by HTLVQAffects females disproportionatelyPathology:Spinal cord: Symmetric degeneration of the lateral columns, including the corticospinal tracts; some cases involve the posterior columns as well.Spinal meninges cord parenchyma: Inflammatory infiltrate with myelin destruction.Clinical Features:Onset is insidious; weakness or stiffness in one or both legs, back pain urinary incontinenceQ.The disease generally takes the form of slow ly progressive unremitting thoracic myelopathyQPatients display spastic paraparesis or paraplegia with hyperreflexia, ankle clonus extensor plantar responses.Cognitive function is usually spared; cranial nerve abnormalities are unusual.Diagnosis:MRI: Lesions in both the white matter paraventricular regions of the brain spinal cordQ. 