<prompt> True about major depression isCommon in malesMarkedly diminished interest in all activities most of the day but no fatigue or loss of energy or psychomotor retardationFeeling of wohlessness or excessive guiltAll  <response>: The lifetime risk of depression in males is 8-12 and in females is 20-26. However, the lifetime risk of major depression or depressive episode is about 8. The typical depressive episode is characterised by the following features: Depressed Mood: The most impoant feature is the sadness of mood or loss of interest andor pleasure in almost all activities pervasive sadness, present throughout the day persistent sadness. Depressive IdeationCognition: Sadness of mood is usually associated with pessimism, which can result in three common types of depressive ideas. These are: a. Hopelessness there is no hope in the future. b. Helplessness no help is possible now. c. Wohlessness feeling of inadequacy and inferiority. The ideas of wohlessness can lead to self-reproach and guilt-feelings. Psychomotor Activity In younger patients 40 years old, retardation is more common and is characterised by slowed thinking and activity, decreased energy and monotonous voice. In a severe form, the patient can become stuporous depressive stupor. In the older patients e.g. post-menopausal women, agitation is common. It often presents with marked anxiety, restlessness inability to sit still, handwringing, picking at body pas or other objects and a subjective feeling of unease. Physical Symptoms: Multiple physical symptoms such as heaviness of head, vague body aches are paicularly common in the elderly depressives and depressed patients from the developing countries such as India. Biological Functions Disturbance of biological functions is common, with insomnia or sometimes increased sleep, loss of appetite and weight or sometimes hyperphagia and weight gain, and loss of sexual drive Psychotic Features Suicide Absence of Underlying Organic Cause Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no.71 