<prompt> Which form of actinomycosis is not seen:CervicofacialThoracicAbdominalMadura foot  <response>: Ans: d Madura foot Ref: Ananthanarayan, ed, p. 400Actinomycosis in human beings occur in 4 main clinical forms:1. Cervicofacial- with lesions on cheek submaxillary region2. Thoracic-with lesions in lung, pleura pericardium3. Abdominal- with lesions around the caecum, portal veins and liver4. Pelvic- associated with the use of IUCD Actinomycetes are transitional forms in between bacteria fungi Considered as true bacteria with superficial resemblance to fungiActinomycetesActinomycesNocardiaAnaerobic, gram negativeNonacid fastEndogenous infectionMC. Organism A. israeliiAerobic; gram veAcid fastExogenous infectionCF: Human actinomycosisCf: Cervicofacial Thoracic Abdominal Pelvic Cutaneous --cellultis, local abscess, cutaneous lesions Subcutaneous-actinomycotic mycetoma Systemic-pulmonary disease, lung abscess.Cattle --- lumpy jaw Lab diagnosisLab diagnosis1. Sulphur granules in pusME bacterial colonies sunray appearance2. Thioglycollate medium- fluffy ballsRx- Penicillin1. ME; branching filaments2. CultureRx: Cotrimoxazole 