<prompt> Milk is deficient in:Iron and vitamin CIron and vitamin APhosphorus and vitamin ASaturated fats  <response>: Ans. a. Iron and Vitamin C Ref: Ghai 8e p153Human breast milk has enough of all nutrients except Vitamin D and Vitamin K. It is also slightly deficient in Vitamin C and iron.Comparing Human and Animal Milks per cupNutrientHuman MilkCows MilkGoats MilkCalories172146168Protein g2.57.98.7Fat g10.87.9101Saturated fat g4.94.66.5Polyunsaturated fat g1.20.50.4Carbohydrate g17.011.010.9Folate mog12122Monounsaturated fat g4.12.02.7Vitamin C mg12.303.2Sodium mg4298122Iron mg0.070.070.12Calcium mg79276327 Breast MilkContains bacterial and viral antibodies, including relatively high concentrations of secretory immunoglobulin A that prevent microorganisms from adhering to the intestinal mucosaQ.Macrophages in human milk may synthesize complement, lysozyme, and lactoferrinQ.In addition, breast milk contains lactofcrrin an iron-binding whey protein has an inhibitory effect on the growth of Escherichia coli in the intestineQ.Human milk also contains bile salt-stimulated lipase, which kills Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolyticaQ.Most of the protein is lactalbumin lactglobulin. which is easily digested.Human milk contains certain amino acids like taurine cysteine, which are necessary for neurotransmission and neuromodulationQ. These are lacking in cows milk and formula.Breast milk is rich in PUFA, necessary for myelination of nervous system, also contains omega-2 6 fatty acidsQ, important for formation of prostaglandins and cholesterol, required as a base for steroid hormones.WHO Guidelines for IndiaWHO recommends, in developing countries, exclusive breastfeeding till 6 months ageQWHO recommends, in developing countries, breastfeeding till minimum 2 years ageQNutritional Importance of Breast milkEnergy content of breast milk 65 Kcal100 mlQProtein content of breast milk 1.1 grams 100 mlQ Mean output of breast milk per dayMonths of lactationMean output ml0-25303-46405-6730Q7-86609- 1060011-12525 Nutritive values of milk per 100 gm Cows milkHuman milkLactose gm4.47.4Proteins gm3.21.1Fat gm4.13.4Calcium mg12028Iron mg0.21.0Water gm8788Energy Kcal6765Human milk is richer in carbohydrate lactose, iron water contentCows milk is richer in fat, protein, calcium energy contentQHuman milk proteins: More cystine taurine; less methionine; better digested than cows milk proteinsQHuman milk fats: Higher levels of PUFAs, esp., linoleic acid linoleic acid; better digested and absorbed; low calcium content but better absorbed than cows milkQHuman milk is richer in Vitamin A C; richer in copper, cobalt selenium; richer in iron higher bioavailability; high calciumphosphorus ratio; Human milk has lesser sodiumComparative contents of nutrients in different types of milkFat content of milkBuffalo Goat Cow HumanQProtein content of milkBuffalo Goat Cow HumanQEnergy content of milkBuffalo Goat Cow HumanQLactose content of milkQHuman Buffalo Goat CowQColostrumMost suitable food immediately after birth of the babyRegular milk comes 3-6 days after birthAlso known as Beestings, First milk or Immune MilkHigh in carbohydrates, protein antibodies and low in fatContains all five immunoglobulins found in all mammals. IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG IgMQFew occasions when breastfeeding might harm the infantInfants with classic galactosemiaMother has untreated pulmonary tuberculosisMother is taking certain medications that suppress the immune systemMother has had unusually excessive exposure to heavy metals such as mercuryMother has HIVMother uses potentially harmful substances such as cocaine, heroin, amphetamines. 