<prompt> Which of the following is TRUE about cholera toxin?Increases the levels of intracellular cyclic GMPActs through the receptor the opiatesCauses continued activation of adenylate cyclaseInhibits the enzyme phosphodiesterase  <response>: V cholerae produce a heat-labile enterotoxin. Ganglioside GM1 serves as the mucosal receptor for subunit B, which promotes entry of subunit A into the cell. Cholera toxin catalyzes the ADP ribosylation of the G protein, rendering it unable to dissociate from the active adenylate cyclase complex. This causes persistent activation of intracellular adenylate cyclase, which in turn stimulates the conversion of adenosine triphosphate to cAMP. The net effect is excessive accumulation of cAMP at the cell membrane, which causes hypersecretion of chloride, potassium, bicarbonate, and associated water molecules out of the cell. Ref: Brooks G.F. 2013. Chapter 17. Vibrios, Campylobacters, Helicobacter, and Associated Bacteria. In G.F. Brooks Ed, Jawetz, Melnick, Adelbergs Medical Microbiology, 26e. 