<prompt> Ortolanis test is done in:CDHPerthes diseasePosterior dislocation of hipSeptic arthritis  <response>: Ans: a CDH Ref: Maheswari, 3rd ed, p. 201Special tests designed for early detection of CDH are1 Barlow test2 Ortolani testBarlow test: Consists of 2 parts1st part: Hip knee flexed thighs gently adducted.Feel for abnormal posterior movement sometimes dislocation with a distinct clink of femoral head.2nd part: Thighs are gently abducted. If the hip was dislocated earlier, a distinct clink will be heard felt indicating reduction of dislocated hip.Ortolanis test:Similar to 2nd part of Barlows test.Hip knee flexed and thighs gently abducted.A click of entrance will be felt as the femoral head slips back into the acetabulum from the position of dislocation.Few commonly asked named tests signs: Allistest-CDH Barlows test-CDH Ortolanis test-CDH Gallezissign-CDH Hamilton ruler test-Anterior dislocation of shoulder Bryants test-Anterior dislocation of shoulder Callaways test-Anterior dislocation of shoulder Dugastest-Anterior dislocation of shoulder Apprehension test-For recurrent dislocation of shoulder Sulcus sign-For inferior dislocation of shoulder Cozenssign-Tennis elbow Millers sign-Tennis elbow Finkelsteinstest-For Dequervains tenosynovitis Kanavelssign-Ulnar bursa infection.AIIMS 2007 Knee: Pivot shift test-Anterior cruciate ligament ACL injuryAnterior drawers test-ACL injuryLachmanns test-ACL injuryPosterior drawers test-PCL injuryMe Murrays test-Meniscal injuryApleys grinding test-Meniscal injuryAdduction abduction tests- Medial lateral collateral ligaments. 