<prompt> Gestational diabetes mellitus GDM is associated with an increased risk of maternal and fetalneonatal complications. All of the statements about congenital anomalies in diabetes mellitus are true, EXCEPT:Results due to free radical injury6-10 cases are associated with major congenital abnormalitySingle umbilical aery is only seen in gestational diabetesInsulin can be given  <response>: Single umbilical aery is more common in twins and in babies born of diabetic mothers or in polyhydramnios. Free oxygen radical excess in diabetes mellitus is one of the proposed factor associated with teratogenesis. 6-10 cases are associated with major congenital malformations. It is related to the severity of diabetes affecting organogenesis in the first trimester. When diabetes is first detected during pregnancy and cannot be controlled by diet alone it should be treated with insulin. Ref: Textbook of Obstetrics by DC Dutta, 6th edition, Page 220. 