<prompt> An antibiotic, such as penicillin, which modifies cell wall synthesis, tends to be most effective during which phase of bacterial growth in a closed system?Lag phaseLog phasePhase of declineStationary phase  <response>: Bacterial growth in a closed system is characterized by four phases: 1 In the initial lag phase, no growth occurs as the organisms adapt to the new environment. 2 In the exponential, or log phase, the organisms grow at the fastest rate and antibiotics that interfere with cell growth or division are most likely to be effective. 3 In the stationary phase, when nutrients have been largely exhausted, organisms tend to stop growing but may remain ble for long periods of time. 4 In the phase of decline, cell deaths increase due to cell starvation or exposure to toxins. Ref: Brooks G.F. 2013. Chapter 1. The Science of Microbiology. In G.F. Brooks Ed, Jawetz, Melnick, Adelbergs Medical Microbiology, 26e. 