<prompt> Clostridium difficile causes -Pseudomembranous colitisNosocomical diarrheaGas gangreneFood poisoning  <response>: Ans. is a i.e., Pseudomembranous colitis b i.e., Nosocomical diarrhea Cl difficle causes Clostridium difficle - associated diseases CDAD. CDAD is the most commonly diagnosed diarrheal illness acquired in the hospital. C. difficle is acquired exogenously, most frequently in the hospital. C. difficle is the most common bacterial cause of nosocomial diarrhea. Diarrhea is the most common symptom of CDAD. Pseudomembranous colitis is the advanced form of CDAD. CDAD is almost exclusively associated with antibiotic use. It is caused most commonly by 2nd generation cephalospirinsy clindamycin, ampicillin and fluoroquinolones. Other important risk factors beside antibiotic use are old age, GI surgery, use of electrical thermometer, use of antacids and PPIs, and prolonged hospital stay. Pseudomembranous colitis is caused by two large toxins of Cl difficle1 Toxin A enterotoxin : Causes disruption of cystoskeleton by glycosylation of GTP-binding proteins.2 Toxin B cytotoxin : Has effect similar to toxin A. 