<prompt> All of the following take part in the pathogenesis of macularedema in diabetic retinopathy exceptRetinal pigment epithelium dysfunctionOxidative stressVEGFIncreased protein kinase - C  <response>: Ans. a Retinal pigment epithelium dysfunctionRef: Harrision 17e, p. 2286-2287; Yanoff and Duker 2e, p. 877- 880; Parsons 20e, p. 294 - 298Pathogenesis of macular edema is due to the same changes as overall for DR. 