<prompt> Which of the following structure is not affected by protein denaturation?Primary structureSecondary structureTertiary structureQuaternary structure  <response>: PROTEIN DENATURATION In quaternary structure denaturation, protein sub-units are dissociated andor the spatial arrangement of protein subunits is disrupted. Primary structure, such as the sequence of amino acids held together by covalent peptide bonds, is not disrupted by denaturation. In secondary structure, denaturation proteins adopt a random coil as they lose all regular repeating patterns such as alpha-helices and beta-pleated sheets and configuration. Tertiary structure denaturation involves the disruption of:1. Covalent interactions between amino acid side- chains such as disulfide bridges between cysteine groups2. Non-covalent dipole-dipole interactions between polar amino acid side-chains and the surrounding solvent3. Van der Waals induced dipole interactions between nonpolar amino acid side-chains 