<prompt> Which is not a tumor suppressor gene?WT-1Rbp53RAS  <response>: D i.e. RASGenes that promote autonomous cell growth in cancer cells are called oncogenes and their normal cellular counterpasQ are called proto-oncogenesQ. RAS is an oncogeneQ.Growth factorGrowth factor receptorsProteins involved in signaltransductionNuclear regulatory proteinsProtooncogeneEncodeProtooncogeneEncodeProtooncogeneRelated toProtooncogeneRelated toHST-1, 1NT-2Fibroblast growthfactorERB-B2 ERB-B1ECRFEGF-receptorfamilyRAS-K HNGTP bindingMYC-CNLTranscriptionalactivatorQTGF aTransforminggrowth factor- aFMSColonystimulating factorCSF-1ABLNonreceptortyrosine kinaseCell cycle regulatorsHGFHapatocytegrowth factorRETReceptor forneurotrophicfactorsBRAFRAS signaltransductionCyclin DECyclinsSISPlatelett growthtactor 13-chainKITReceptor for stemcell steelfactor3-cateninVVNT-signaltransductionCDK-4CyclindependentkinaseMYC - protooncogene is expressed in almost all eukaryotic cell. MYC - protein is translocated to nucleus sometimes as hetrodimer with MAX protein and is a potent transcription activator. MYC activation causes cell proliferation, induces histone acetylation, protein synthesis and cell motality decreases cell adhesion proteinase activity. Cells in culture undergo apoptosis if MYC activation occurs in absence of growth factorsQ, but it is not clear whether MYC induced apoptosis occurs in vivo.Retinoblastoma susceptibility protein RB, in hypophosphorylated state, prevents cell from replicating by forming complex with transcription factor E2F E2FD P1RB - complex. Phosphorylation of RB dissociates the complex, release E2F, eliminates main barrier to cell cycle progression promotes cell replication. Cyclin D, which is the first cyclin to increase in cell cycle, appears in GI phase but becomes detectable in S phase activates CDK4 and form cyclin D- CDK4 complex that phosphorylates RB. During M phase RB is again hypophosphorylated.Normal growth requires - protooncogenes not oncogenes , tumor suppressor genes, genes involved in apoptosis and DNA reapirQ 