<prompt> Heller;s myotomy is done for:Esophageal carcinomaPyloric hyperophyAchalasia cardiaInguinal hernia  <response>: Achalasia is associated with loss of ganglion cells in the esophageal myenteric plexus. These impoant inhibitory neurons induce LES relaxation and coordinate proximal-to-distal peristaltic contraction of the esophagus Achalasia is an esophageal motor disorder characterized by increased lower esophageal sphincter LES pressure, diminished-to-absent peristalsis in the distal poion of the esophagus composed of smooth muscle, and lack of a coordinated LES relaxation in response to swallowing. Barium radiology may show ;bird;s beak; appearance Ref : Bailey and love surgery text book 27th ed 