<prompt> Ring scotoma is seen in :PapilledemaMacular edemaCRAORetinitis pigmentosa  <response>: The hallmark symptoms of retinitis pigmentosa are night blindness nyctalopia and gradually progressive peripheral visual field loss as a result of increasing and coalescing ring scotomas. The most characteristic fundoscopic findings are attenuated retinal aerioles, waxy pale optic disk, mottling of the retinal pigment epithelium, and peripheral retinal pigment clumping, referred to as bone-spicule formation. Ref : Fletcher E.C., Chong N., Augsburger J.J., Correa Z.M. 2011. Chapter 10. Retina. In P. Riordan-Eva, E.T. Cunningham, Jr. Eds, Vaughan Asburys General Ophthalmology, 18e. 