<prompt> Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine functions?PancreasThyroidSpleenKidney  <response>: Ans: a PancreasPancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions.There are 4 distinct types of pancreatic cells in human.A cells alpha - GlucagonB cells beta - InsulinD cells delta - SomatostatinF cells - Pancreatic polypeptide D1 cells - VIPEndocrine pancreas secretes hormones -glucagon, insulin and somatosta-tin. Exocrine pancreas secretes digestive enzymes like trypsin, chymot-rypsin.Site and mechanism of hormone action:-Mechanism and siteHormoneAt nuclear receptorThyroid ormonesAt cytoplasmic receptorsSteroidal hormones eg:- Glucocorticoids, Mineralocortyicoids, Estrogen, Progestins.At cytoplasmic receptorsa Direct transmembrane activation of tyrosine protein kinase -InsulinPhosphorylation cascade b Through IP3DAG generationVasopressin, oxytocinc Through alteration of intracellular cAMP concentration - alteration of protein kinase A activityAdrenaline, glucagon, TSH,LH, FSH, PTHACTH, Calcitonin 