<prompt> Which line represent the disease directly causing death, in death certificated -IaIbIcII  <response>: Ans. is a i.e., Ia The basis of mortality data is death certificate. For ensuring national and international comparability, it is necessary to have a uniform and standardized system of recording and classifying deaths. For this purpose WHO has recommended international death certificate. Consist of four lines:- Line Ia: Disease or condition directly leading to death Line Ib: Antecedent underlying cause Line Ic: Main antecedent underlying cause Line II: Other significant conditions contributing to death but not related to disease! condition causing it Example of a death certificate:- Line Ia: Renal failure Line Ib: Diabetic nephropathy Line Ic: Diabetes mellitus Line II: Hypertension Concept of underlying cause, Line Ic is the most important line in death certificate, thus also known as Essence of Death Certificate 