<prompt> Virchow triad includes all except:Endothelial injuryAbnormal blood flowHypercoagulabilityPulmonary embolism  <response>: Ans.: D Pulmonary embolism Three primary influences predispose to thrombus formation, the so-called Virchow triad: 1 endothelial injury; 2 stasis or turbulence of blood flow; and 3 blood hypercoaguiabiiity Robbins 8thf 121Fig. : Virchow triad in thrombosis. Endothelial integrity is the single most importantfactor. Note that injury to endothelial cells can affect local blood flow andor coagulability-1; abnormal blood flow stasis or turbulence can, in turn, cause endothelial injury. The elements of the triad may act independently or may combine to cause thrombus formation. 