<prompt> The earliest sign of papilloedema -Filling of the physiological cupThe blurring of the disc marginObliteration of cupCotton-wool spots  <response>: Ans. is b i.e., Blurring of disc margin Ophthalmoscopic signs of papilloedema o Blurring of disc margin o Venous :- Engorgment, congestion, loss of pulsation first sign o Hyperemia of the disc with capillary dilatation. o Filling of physiological cup with gradual obliteration of physiological cup. o Gradual elvetion of disc mushroom or dome shaped with sharp bending of vessels over its margins. o Cotton- wool spots soft exudates and both flame shaped superficial and punctate deep hemorrhages o Macular fan or macular star due to hard exudates. o Late findings in long standing vintage papilloedema :- Markedly elevated disc with champagne cork appearance, post neuritic optic atrophy,corpora amylacea deposits on disc margin, generalized retinal pigmentation. 