<prompt> Antidote for sodium nitrate poisoning is :Methylene blue IVEgg albuminEDTAAnimal charcoal  <response>: A i.e. Methylene blue- In Methemoglobinemia, iron within hemoglobin is oxidized from the ferrous Fe to ferric Fe form, resulting in the inability to transpo oxygen and carbon dioxide.- It may result from exposure to oxidizing agents such as nitrites, nitratesQ, aniline dyes, and medication including local anesthetics benzocaine, lido caine, prilocaine, phenazopyridine hydrochloride, sulfonamidesQ, chloroquin, inhalant in cyanide antidote kit, nitrogen oxide, nitro nitroso - hydrocarbons, primaquine - type antimalarialsQ, etc.- Methemoglobinemia 15 causes symptoms of cerebral ischemia, and levels 60 are usually fatal.- Congenital methemoglobinema arises from HbMI wata a 87 II - Tyr mutationQ in globin or from mutation that impair enzyme that reduce methhemoglobin to hemoglobin eg. methemoglobin reductase, NADP diaphoraseQ.IV methylene blueQ 1mgkg is effective emergency therapy for 30 methemoglobinemia, symptomatic hypoxia or ischemia but contraindicated in G6PD deficiency. Milder cases follow up of severe cases are treated by oral methylene blue or ascorbic acidQ 300 - 600 mgday. Severe refractory cases require exchange transfusion hyperbaric oxygenQ. 