<prompt> In reflux nephropathy, glomerular lesion is?Focal GNMembranous GNMembrano proliferative G.NMinimal change disease  <response>: Ans. is a i.e., Focal G.NFocal segmental glomerulosclerosis o Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is characterized by sclerosis of -i Some, but not all, glomeruli thus, it is focalii In the affected glomeruli, only a poion of capillary tuft is involved thus, it is segmental. o Clinically it presents as nephrotic syndrome.CausesHIV infection 3. Sickle cell disease 5. IgA nephropathy 7. IdiopathicHeroin addiction 4. Massive obesity 6. Reflux nephropathy 