<prompt> A young boy who has difficulty in getting up from sitting position was diagnosed to have Duchenes muscular dystrophy. Which one is true regarding the mutation in the dystrophin gene in promoter region:Initiation of transcription of the dystrophin gene would be affectedCapping of mRNA of dystrophin gene would be affectedTailing of mRNA of dystrophin gene would be affectedPremature termination  <response>: A i.e. Initiation of transcription of the dystrophin gene would be affectedLet me rephrase this question to make it straight forward, and then the would be - what is the consequence of alteration i.e. mutation in promoter region?Promoter region of transcription unit is the poion of DNA having specific consensus sequences like TATA box CAAT box GC box etc which is identified by the RNA polymerase enzyme for binding and formation of preinitiation complex PIC inprokaryotes or RNA polymerase Ilpol II-transcription complex in eukaryotes - a process ultimately resulting in initiation of transcription.So this becomes very obvious, that any alterationmutation damage in promoter would typically prevent formation of PIC or pol II transcription complex, resulting in a decrease in the initiation of m-RNA synthesis transcription lt decreased protein synthesis. And similarly promoter induction would increase the transcription rateQ.Capping, tailing, termination and splicing are not associated with promoter and so are not a consequence of promoter mutations. However, capping tailing defects can result in m RNA with decreased stability and splicing defects in mRNA in which to few or too many introns have been removed. 