<prompt> Initial amino acid in prokaryotic protein synthesis -ArginineMethionineFormyl-methionineAlanine  <response>: Ans. is c- i.e., Formyl-methionine o in prokaryotes and in mitochondria, the first amino acid methionine is modified by formylation, i.e. the initiator t-RNA carries an N-formylated methionine. The formyl group is added by the enzyme transformylase formyl- transferase. In Eukaryotes, the initiator t-RNA carries a methionine that is not formylatedDifferenceProkaryotesEukaryotesm-RNAPolycistronic i.e. have several coding regions; each with its initiation termination codon producing a seperate polypeptideMonocistr onic with one coding regionAmino acid incorporation rate18 aasec6aasec.Initial amino acidFormylated methionine f-metMethionine r MetInitial t-RNAt-RNAMettRNAMetTranscription translationTranslation starts before transcription is ended coupledUncoupledInitiation factors IF3i.e.IF1,IF2,IF3 10 designated elFDetermination of initiatingcodon Shine Dalgarno sequencer Facilitated by IF-2 bound to GTPKozak consensus sequencesr Facilitated by elF-2 bound to GTP Plus additional elFElongation: Del Every of aminoacyl t-RNA to A site Facilitated by EF-Tu EF-TsFacilitated by EF1 a and EF 1 b yNucleotide exchange factors EF - Ts as it exchanges its GTP for GDP on EFTuEF 1 b g as it exchanges its GTP forGDP on EF aPeptidyi transferase activity catalyzing peptide bond formation23 S rRNA of 50 S ribosomal subunit ribozyme28 S rRNA of 60 S ribosornal subunit ribozymeTranslocationRequires EF-G GTPRequires EF-2 GTPTerminationRelease factor RF 1 recognizes UAA UAG, RF2 recognizes UAA UGARF-3 bound to GTP causes release ofRF-1 or RF-2 as GTP is hydrolysedeRF recognizesail 3 UAA, UAGandUGA and release nascent polypeptide chaineRF-3 bound to GTP function like prokaryotic RF-3 release eRF 