<prompt> All of the following syndromes are associated with AML exceptDowns syndromeKlinefelters syndromePatau syndromeTurners syndrome  <response>: Etiology of AML Hereditary -Down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, Patau syndrome, Fanconi anemia, Bloom syndrome, Ataxia telangiectasia, Kotsman syndrome.RadiationChemical and other exposureBenzene, smoking, ethylene oxide, paint, herbicide and pesticides.DrugsAlkalating agents, Topoisomerase II inhibitors, Chloramphenicol, phenylbutazone and less commonly chloroquine, thethoxypsoralen can result in bone marrow failure that may result in AML.Note : Turner syndrome also causes leukemia - Nelson 18the p. 2117 table 495.1 