<prompt> All of the following can cause osteoporosis, except -HyperparathyroidismSteroid useFlurosisThyrotoxicosis  <response>: Osteoporosis It refers to reduction ofbone mass per unit volume loss of matrix and defective mineralisation Fig. 9.47. Aetiology 1.Involutional 2.Endocrinological 3.Gastrointestinal 4.Haematological 5.Rheumatological 6.Collagen vascular Normal bone Type I postmenopausal and Type II senile Hypehyroidism Hyperparathyroidism Diabetes mellitus Hypogonadism Cushings syndrome Malnutrition Malabsorption Anorexia nervosa Multiple myeloma Mastocytosis Rheumatoid ahritis Marfans syndrome Ehler-Danlos syndrome Osteogenesis imperfecta Osteoporosis Fig. 9.47 Anticonvulsants Steroids Vitamin A Alcohol Heparin Furosemide Thyroid hormone in excessive doses Lithium GnRH agonist Cyclosporin Cytotoxic drugs 8.Cigarette smoking 9.Glucocoicoid therapy 10.Hypogonadism 11.Alcoholism 12.Renal disease 13.GIHepatic disorders. Bone forming agents a.Fluoride--75 mgday b.Anabolic steroids: Testosterone is used in the treatment of osteoporotic man with gonadal deficiency. R ALAGAPPAN MANUAL OF PRACTICAL MEDICINE FOUH EDITION PAGE NO-690 