<prompt> A young male presented with dyspnea, bleeding and petechial hemorrhage in the chest after 2 days following fracture shaft of the femur right side. Most likely cause is:Air embolismFat embolismPulmonary thromboembolismAmniotic fluid embolism  <response>: Ans. b Fat embolism Fat embolism usually manifests following Long bone fractures MC after Closed fractures Open fractures MC in Young more bone marrow Old MC in Long bones Femur Pelvis Smaller bones 90 will develop fat emboli after traumatic fracture but only 1-5 develop fat embolism syndrome Also seen in other causes like- Pancreatitis, Fatty liver, Steroid therapy, Liposuction etc. Fat embolism is a clinical diagnosis and not a Chemical diagnosis. It manifests in 24-72 hours. Rare in 24 hours and 72 hours Classic Triad- Hypoxemia Petechial Rash neurological abnormalities Hypoxemia early finding, Petechial rash is late finding Platelet count - Normal Purtschers Retinopathy Lipiduria Treatment: Immobilization of fracture, Mechanical Ventilation, Steroids. 