<prompt> Which among the following is not an example of a steroid hormone?AldosteroneTestosteroneThyroxineCortisol  <response>: ANSWER: C ThyroxineREF: Guyton 11th edition page 907ENDOCRINE GLANDS, HORMONES, AND THEIR FUNCTIONS AND STRUCTURE:GlandTissueHormonesMajor FunctionsChemicalStructureHypothalamusThyrotropin-releasing hormone TRHStimulates secretion of TSH and prolactinPeptideCorticotropin-releasing hormone CRHCauses release of ACTHPeptideGrowth hormone-releasing hormone GHRHCauses release of growth hormonePeptideGrowth hormone inhibitory hormone GHIH somatostatinInhibits release of growth hormonePeptideGonadotropin-releasing hormone GnRHCauses release of LH and FSHPeptideDopamine or prolactin- inhibiting factor PIFInhibits release of prolactinAmineAnteriorpituitaryGrowth hormoneStimulates protein synthesis and overall growth of most cells and tissuesPeptideThyroid-stimulating hormone TSHStimulates synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones thyroxine and triiodothyroninePeptideAdrenocorticotropic hormone ACTHStimulates synthesis and secretion of adrenocortical hormones cortisol, androgens, and aldosteronePeptideProlactinPromotes development of the female breasts and secretion of milkPeptideFollicle-stimulating hormone FSHCauses growth of follicles in the ovaries and sperm maturation in Sertoli cells of testesPeptideLuteinizing hormone LHStimulates testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells of testes; stimulates ovulation, formation of corpus luteum, and estrogen and progesterone synthesis in ovariesPeptidePosteriorpituitaryAntidiuretic hormone ADH also called vasopressinIncreases water reabsorption by the kidneys and causes vasoconstriction and increased blood pressurePeptideOxytocinStimulates milk ejection from breasts and uterine contractionsPeptideThyroidThyroxine T4 and triiodothyronine T3Increases the rates of chemical reactions inmost cells, thus increasing body metabolic rateAmineCalcitonin: Promotes deposition of calcium in the bones and decreases extracellular fluid calcium ion concentrationPeptideAdrenal cortexCortisolHas multiple metabolic functions for controlling metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats; also has anti-inflammatory effectsSteroidAldosteroneIncreases renal sodium reabsorption, potassium secretion, and hydrogen ion secretionSteroidAdrenalmedullaNorepinephrine, epinephrineSame effects as sympathetic stimulationAminePancreasInsulin b cellsPromotes glucose entry in many cells, and in this way controls carbohydrate metabolismPeptideGlucagon a cellsIncreases synthesis and release of glucose from the liver into the body fluidsPeptideParathyroidParathyroid hormone PTHControls serum calcium ion concentration by increasing calcium absorption by the gut and kidneys and releasing calcium from bonesPeptideTestesTestosteronePromotes development of male reproductive system and male secondary sexual characteristicsSteroidOvariesEstrogensPromotes growth and development of female reproductive system, female breasts, and female secondary sexual characteristicsSteroidProgesteroneStimulates secretion of uterine milk by the uterine endometrial glands and promotes development of secretory apparatus of breastsSteroidPlacentaHuman chorionic gonadotropin HCGPromotes growth of corpus luteum and secretion of estrogens and progesterone by corpus luteumPeptideHuman somatomammotropinProbably helps promote development of some fetal tissues as well as the mother s breastsPeptideEstrogensSee actions of estrogens from ovariesSteroidProgesteroneSee actions of progesterone from ovariesSteroidKidneyReninCatalyzes conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I acts as an enzymePeptide1,25-DihydroxycholecalciferolIncreases intestinal absorption of calcium and bone mineralizationSteroidErythropoietinIncreases erythrocyte productionPeptideHeartAtrial natriuretic peptide ANPIncreases sodium excretion by kidneys, reduces blood pressurePeptideStomachGastrinStimulates HC1 secretion by parietal cellsPeptideSmall intestineSecretinStimulates pancreatic acinar cells to release bicarbonate and waterPeptideCholecystokinin CCKStimulates gallbladder contraction and release of pancreatic enzymesPeptideAdipocytesLeptinInhibits appetite, stimulates thermogenesisPeptide 