<prompt> What is Mendelson syndrome due to:Gastric DilatationWrong intubationTracheal inflammation secondary to intubationChemical pneumonitis following aspiration  <response>: Ref: Miller text book of Anaesthesia. 6th editionExplanation:Mendelsons sy ndrome is chemical pneumonitis caused by aspiration during anaesthesia, especially during pregnancy.Pneumonia develops rapidly, and within hours the patient may become tachypnoeic, hypoxic and febrile. There is minimal sputum.Patients are at high risk ifResidual gastric volume of greater than 25ml. withpH of less than 2.5Patients with a high risk should have a rapid sequence induction.High risk is defined as these factorsNon-elective surgical procedureLight anaesthesiaunexpected response to stimulationAcute or chronic, upper or lower GI pathologyObesityOpioid medicationNeurological disease, impaired conscious level, or sedationLi thotomy pos i t ionDifficult intubationairwayGastrointestinal refluxHiatal hernia 