<prompt> Which of the following is the shoest acting non-depolarizing muscle relaxant NDMR and causes bronchospasm?Succinyl cholineRapacuroniumAtracuriumPancuronium  <response>: Rapacuronium has a rapid onset of action, minimal cardiovascular side effects, and a sho duration of action. It was withdrawn by the manufacturer following several repos of serious bronchospasm, including a few unexplained fatalities. Histamine release may have been a factor. Ref: Morgan, Jr. G.E., Mikhail M.S., Murray M.J. 2006. Chapter 9. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents. In G.E. Morgan, Jr., M.S. Mikhail, M.J. Murray Eds, Clinical Anesthesiology, 4e. 