<prompt> VAT in mechanical ventilation stands for -Ventilator associated traumaVentilator associated treatmentVentilator associated tracheobronchitisNone of the above  <response>: Ans. is c i.e., Ventilator associated tracheobronchitis o VAT Ventilator associated tracheabronchitis VAP Ventilator associated pneumonia are nosocomial lower respiratory tract infections common in patients who are on ventilator for long periods of time.Adverse effects of PEEPCPAP1. Pulmonaryo Controlled PEEP or CPAP improve lung compliance and correct ventilationperfusion abnormalities. However, excessive PEEP or CPAP can overdistend alveoli bronchi which results in: -i Increased dead space ventilationii Reduced lung complianceiii Increased pulmonary vascular resistance Right ventricular afterload.iv Barotrauma Pneumothorax, pneumopericardium, pneumoperitonium, Subcutaneous emphysema.2. Extrapulmonaryo These adverse effects are primary circulatory and are related to transmission of elevated airway pressure to the chesti Decreased cardiac output due to increased intrathoracic pressure venous return is decreased.ii Decreased hepatic renal blood flow due to decreased cardiac output elevated CVP.iii Increased ADH angiotensin.iv Decreased urinary output, GFR and free water clearance Decrease Renal function.v Increased ICT due to increased CVP. 