<prompt> PUFA consumption is associated with -Lowering of serum cholesterol, rise in LDL cholesterolLowering of serum cholesterol, lowering of LDL cholesterolRise in serum cholesterol, rise in LDL cholesterolRise in serum cholesterol, lowering of LDL cholesterol  <response>: PUFAs Polyunsaturated fatty acids Linoleic acid LA and alpha-linolenic acid ALA are indispensable since they cannot be synthesized by humans. Minimum intake levels for essential fatty acids to prevent deficiency symptoms are estimated to be 2.5 ELA plus 0.5 E ALA. Replacing SFAs with PUFAs decreases LDL cholesterol concentration and the totalHDL cholesterol ratio. A similar but lesser effect is achieved by replacing these SFAs with MUFAs. Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 648 