<prompt> Normal portal vein pressure is3 mm Hg3-5 mm Hg5-10 mm Hg10 to 1 2mm of Hg  <response>: Normal portal vein pressure: 5-10 mm Hg Variceal formation occurs when portal pressure is 10 mm Hg. Variceal bleeding occurs when portal pressure is 12 mm Hg. Normal portal vein pressure: 10-15 cm saline Definition: Portal pressure 10 mm Hg MC cause of portal hypertension in United States: Cirrhosis. Consequence of both increased portal vascular resistance and increased portal flow. Portal hypertension results in splenomegaly with enlarged, tortuous, and even aneurysmal splenic vessels. Cruveilhier-Baumgarten murmur: Audible venous hum in caput medusa Hyperdynamic portal venous circulation seems to be related to the severity of the liver failure. Upper G.I. bleeding is caused by the portal hypertension in about 90 of instances. Most bleeding episodes occur during the first 1 to 2 years after identification of varices. Colour Doppler is the investigation of choice for evaluation of PHT. About one third of deaths in patients with known esophageal varices are due to upper GI bleed A larger proportion dies as a result of liver failure. MC causes of death in cirrhosis patients: Hepatic failure 2nd MC causes of death in cirrhosis patients: variceal hemorrhage 