<prompt> Non visualization of the kidney is seen in all EXCEPTInternetUnilateral renal agenesisBilateral renal agenesisRenal vein thrombosisEctopic kidney  <response>: i.e. Ectopic Kidney: InternetEctopic kidney is usually evient on the IVP and certainly at angiography.Non visualization or Non functioning of one kidney on intravenous pyelogramExcerpt1. 2. Fractured kidney3. Neoplasm4. Obstruction of ureter eg calculus, stricture, neoplasm5. Renal artery obstruction eg stenosis, thromboembolism trauma1. Absent Kidney congenital, post nephrectomy2. Arteriovenous fistula of kidney3. Multicystic kidney4. Renal vein obstruction eg-thrombosis, tumor5. Tuberculosis and other severe infection eg Xantho granulomatous pyelonephritisEntity in bracket may be confused roentgenographically with non visualization or nonfunction of a kidneyWith ultrasound - agenesis, hypoplasia, duplex or ectopic kidney can be diagnosed 1044-S. Das 6thSudden complete venous occlusion produces an enlarged kidney with paint or absent nephrogram. But if occlusion develops slowely the renal size is normal.Ectopic kidney is visualized as a mass at abnormal positionRENAL VEIN THROMBOSIS RVT 1815-H17thConditions associated with RVT Trauma Dehydration Infants Extrinsic compression Lymphnode aortic aneurysm, tumour Nephrotic syndrome Pregnancy or OCP Invasion by renal cell carcinoma Definitive diagnosis can only be established through selective renal venography with visualization of the occluding thrombusRENAL BIOPSY 871-72-CMDT - 11INDICATIONRELATIVE CONTRAINDICATIONS1. Un explained acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease2. Acute nephritic syndrome3. Un explained proteinuria and hematuria4. Previously identified and treated lesions to plan future therapy5. Systemic disease associated with kidney dysfunction such as SLE, Good pasture syndrome and Wegner granulomatosis6. Suspected transplant rejection7. To guide treatment Solitary or ectopic kidney exception: transplant allografts Horse shoe kidney ncorrected bleeding disorders Severe uncontrolled hypertension Renal infection Renal neoplasm Hydronephrosis, ESRD Congenital anomalies, multiple cysts Uncooperative patient 