<prompt> All of the following are causes of hypercalcemia except-SacroidosisCancer bronchusHypothyroidismLithium toxicity  <response>: Hypercalcaemia is one of the most common biochemical abnormalities and is often detected during routine biochemical analysis in asymptomatic patients. However, it can present with chronic symptoms, as described below, and occasionally as an acute emergency with severe hypercalcaemia and dehydration. Causes of hypercalcaemia are listed in Box 20.36. Of these, primary hyperparathyroidism and malignant hypercalcaemia are by far the most common. Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia FHH is a rare but impoant cause that needs differentiation from primary hyperparathyroidism HPT. Lithium may cause hyperparathyroidism by reducing the sensitivity of the calcium-sensing receptor. With normal or elevated PTH levels Primaryoeiaryhyperparathyroidism Lithium-inducedhyperparathyroidism Familialhypocalciurichypercalcaemia With low PTH levels Malignancylung,breast,myeloma,renal,lymphoma, thyroid Elevated1,25OH2vitaminDvitaminDintoxication, sarcoidosis,HIV,othergranulomatousdisease Thyrotoxicosis Pagetsdiseasewithimmobilisation Milk-alkalisyndrome Thiazidediuretics Glucocoicoiddeficiency DAVIDSONS PRINCIOLES AND PRACTICE OF MEDICINE 22ND EDITION PAGE NO-767 