<prompt> Which of the following statement are true regarding autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease ADPKD?Bilateral kidneys are enlargedExternal surface show numerous cyst of 3-4 cm in diameterHistology shows functioning nephrons dispersed between the cystsAll of the above  <response>: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease ADPKD Kidneys are bilaterally enlarged External surface appears to be composed solely of a mass of cysts, up to 3 to 4 cm in diameter, with no intervening parenchyma. Microscopic examination - Functioning nephrons dispersed between the cysts. The cysts may be filled with a clear, serous fluid or with turbid, red to brown, sometimes hemorrhagic fluid. Cysts may arise at any level of the nephron, from tubules to collecting ducts, and therefore they have a variable, often atrophic lining. PKD1 gene implicated in 85 of cases.PKD1, on 16p, is the defective gene. This gene encodes polycystin-1. PKD2 gene, implicated in 10 to 15 of cases, resides on chromosome 4 and encodes polycystin-2. 