<prompt> Which of the following features helps in distinguishing seizures from syncope?Loss of consciousnessInjury due to fallUrinary incontinencePhysical weakness with clear sensorium  <response>: Ans. d. Physical weakness with clear sensorium Ref: Harrison 19e p2551, 18e p3260-3261Urinary incontinence is rare in syncope as compared to seizures.FeaturesSeizureSyncopeImmediate precipitating factorsUsually noneEmotional stress, Valsalva, orthostatic hypotension, cardiac etiologiesPremonitory symptomsNone or aura e.g. odd odorTiredness, nausea, diaphoresis, tunneling of visionPosture at onsetVariableUsually erectTransition to unconsciousnessOften immediateGradual over secondsDuration of unconsciousnessMinutesSecondsDuration of tonic or clonic movements30-60 sNever more than 15 sFacial appearance during eventCyanosis, frothing at mouthPallorDisorientation and sleepiness after eventMany minutes to hours5 minAching of muscles after eventOftenSometimesBiting of tongueSometimesRarelyIncontinenceSometimesSometimesHeadacheSometimesRarely 