<prompt> Acute Lung Injury ALI is characterized by all except-PaO2 FiO2 200mm HgBilateral interstitial infiltratesPCWP 18 mm HgNormal Left atrial pressure  <response>: Ans. is a i.e., PaO2 FiO2 200mm Hg o The Berlin Definition of ARDS published in 2012 replaces the American-European Consensus Conferences definition of ARDS published in 1994. o The major changes to the Berlin Definition are that the term - Acute lung injury has been eliminated. The pulmonary capillary wedge pressure ie, pulmonary artery occlusion pressure criterion has been removed. Minimal ventilator settings have been added. Diagnostic criteria Berlin definition o ARDS can be diagnosed once cardiogenic pulmonary edema and alternative causes of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and bilateral infiltrates have been excluded. o The Berlin Definition of ARDS requires that all of the following criteria be present to diagnose ARDS: Respiratory symptoms must have begun within one week of a known clinical insult, or the patient must have new or worsening symptoms during the past week. Bilateral opacities consistent with pulmonary edema must be present on a chest radiograph or computed tomographic CT scan. These opacities must not be fully explained by pleural effusions, lobar collapse, lung collapse, or pulmonary nodules. The patient s respiratory failure must not be fully explained by cardiac failure or fluid overload. An objective assessment eg, echocardiography to exclude hydrostatic pulmonary edema is required if no risk factors for ARDS are present. A moderate to severe impairment of oxygenation must be present, as defined by the ratio of arterial oxygen tension to fraction of inspired oxygen PaO2FiO2. The severity of the hypoxemia defines the severity of the ARDS: Mild ARDS o The PaO2FiO2 is 200 mmHg, but 300 mmHg, on ventilator settings that include positive end-expiratory pressure PEEP or continuous positive airway pressure CPAP 5 cm H2O. Moderate .ARDS o The PaO2FiO2 is 100 mmHg, but 200 mmHg, on ventilator settings that include PEEP 5 cm H2O. Severe ARDS o The PaO2FiO2 is 100 mmHg on ventilators setting that include PEEP 5 cm H2O. o To determine the PaO2FiO2 ratio, the PaO2 is measured in mmHg and the FiO2 is expressed as a decimal between 0-21 and 1. 