<prompt> Which of the following surgical incisions is associated with the highest risk of postoperative pulmonary complications ?Vertical laparotomyHorizontal laparotomyLateral thoracotomyMedian sternotomy  <response>: Incidence of pulmonary complications in decreasing order :- Upper abdominal incision maximum Lateral thoracotomy Subcostal incision Median sternotomies Lower abdominal incision.Vertical incision has more pulmonary complications than horizontal incision.So, high abdominal laprotomy with vertical incision will have maximum pulmonary complications. 