<prompt> Funneling in cervicogram is seen in -In labourCervical incompetenceCervical ectopicDuring TVS  <response>: Ans. is b i.e., Cervical incompetence o Cervicogram is done for diagnosis of cervical incompetence. In other conditions, cervicogram is not done.Diagnosis of cervical incompetence:o Diagnosis in pregnant state:1 History : Painless second trimester abortion in previous gestation.2 Shirodkars digital palpation test: In suspected cases those with a previous abortion, do a weekly per vaginal examination. A finger introduced upto the internal os and if found open pass it a little beyond and withdraw the finger. While withdrawing feel for the sphincter - like tone of the internal os; if the os tends to close down with sphincter like or snapping action, the os is considered competent and no cerclage is necessary. This is a highly subjective test.3 Cervical sonography: Funelling of the cervix with changes in the form of Y, V, U. Cervical length 2.5 cm. Funnelling of the internal os 1 cm Speculum examination: Detection of dilatation of internal os with herniation of the membranes. Cervical index Funnel length 1 endocervical length. The 1 allows an index to be calculated when funelling is absent.o Predictors of preterm birth: Cervical index 0.52. Cervical length 18 mm Funnel length 9 mm. Funnel width 6 mm.o Diagnosis in non - pregnant state:1 Passage without resistance and pain of No. 8 Hegarrs dilator.2 Cervicogram : shows funnel shaped cervix.3 Intracervical balloon studies: Pass a balloon e.g. Foleys into cervical canal and inflate it with a radio - opaque dye and then take x - rays after applying due traction. Pear shaped shadow of balloon due to funneling of cervical canal indicates incompetent os.4 Traction studies : Pass foleys catheter through internal os of cervix and inflate it with 5 - 10 ml and apply traction. If traction of 600 gm or less is enough to pull out the bulb through the os, then the diagnosis is certain.5 Bromen papaine test : This dye selectively dilates the cervico - uterine junction. After injecting the dye locally into the cervix and intramuscularly. 