<prompt> Resistance to ciprofloxacin is due to:TransductionTransformationConjugationMutation  <response>: Ref: Goodman Gillmans 13th ed. P 1016 Ciprofloxacin is one of the fluoroquinolones along with norfloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, spartloxacin, etc. MOA of quinolones: The quinolone antibiotics target bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. The quinolones inhibit gyrase-mediated DNA supercoiling at concentrations that correlate well with those required to inhibit bacterial growth. Mutations of the gene that encodes the A subunit of the gyrase can confer resistance to these drugs. 