<prompt> A six months old girl is having recurrent UTI. Ultrasound abdomen shows bilateral hydronephrosis. MCU Micturating cysto urethrogram shows bilateral Grade IV vesicoureteral reflux. The treatment of choice is:Endoscopic injection of poly teflon at the ureteric orificesUreteric re-implantationBilateral UreterostomyProphylactic antibiotics  <response>: Ans:B.Ureteric re-implantationAccepted indications for surgical treatment in a case of Vesicoureteral Reflux include the following:Breakthrough febrile UTIs despite adequate antibiotic prophylaxisSevere reflux grade V or bilateral grade IV that is unlikely to spontaneously resolve, especially if renal scarring is presentMild or moderate reflux in females that persists as the patient approaches pubey, despite several years of observationPoor compliance with medications or surveillance programsPoor renal growth or function or appearance of new scars 