<prompt> Infection with HIV is associated with atrophy in all of the following parts of the brain except:Anterior cingulate gyrusGlobus pallidusCaudate nucleusLower white matter volume  <response>: Ans. a. Anterior cingulate gyrus Ref: Harrison 19e p1264, 1265, 18e p1559, 1560, 3427AIDS causes subcortical dementia, involves white matter and causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and main feature is demyelination.Overall cerebral atrophy and prominent caudate region atrophy are important radiographic features of HIV dementia.HIV-associated dementiaHIV encephalopathy: subcortical dementia characterized by defects in short-term memory and executive functionAIDS causes subcortical dementia, involves white matter and causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and main feature is demyelination.Overall cerebral atrophy and prominent caudate region atrophy are important radiographic features of HIV dementia. 