<prompt> All of the following changes are seen in pregnancy except:Increased stroke volumeIncreased cardiac outputIncreased Intravascular volumeIncreased peripheral vascular resistance  <response>: Ans. is d, i.e. Increased peripheral vascular resistanceRef: Dutta Obs. 7e, p 51-53As discussed in detail:Blood volume increases during pregnancyCardiac output Stroke volume x Heart rateAll these three parameters increase during pregnancyIn pregnancy since the main hormone is progesterone, which has a smooth muscle relaxant effect so peripheral vascular resistance decreases during pregnancy and not increases. 