<prompt> Adder head appearance on voiding cystourethrogram in bladder is feature ofHorse shoe kidneyVURUreteroceleCarcinoma of urinary bladder  <response>: Ans. c Ureterocele Ref: Diagnostic Radiology by Grainger, 4thpg. 1620, 1739URETEROCELE Ureterocele is cystic dilatation of intramural subepithelial segment of intravesical part of ureter. IVU shows early filling of bulbous terminal ureter cobra head appearance and a radiolucent halo ureteral wall adjacent bladder urothelium giving spring onion appearance. Thus, ureterocele leads to repeated infection of renal system and has above explained radiological features.Types Simple Ureterocele - congenital prolapse of dilated ureter and orifice into the bladder lumen at usual location of trigone and typically is seen with single ureter orthotopic Ureterocele. 30 cases are bilateral.M:F 2:3. Ectopic Ureterocele -usually seen in upper moiety ureter of duplex PC system with 80 incidence. Pseudoureterocele - no protrusion of ureter into bladder lumen; however, thick irregular halo seen in urinary bladder as e.g., in impacted ureteral calculus edema in the ureteric wall at the UV junction due to impacted ureteral calculus shows EDLING SIGN, i.e., filling defect surrounded by radiolucent halo of edema. Caecoureterocele - Ureterocele going into bladder outlet and causing outlet obstruction. Imaging: Rx: SurgeryEducational points:X-ray AppearanceDiagnosisEgg-in-cup appearance, Ring shadows HornsPapillary necrosisCobra head or adder head appearanceUreteroceleFlower-vase ureterHorse-shoe kidneyCork-screw ureterTubercular ureteritisFish-hookedReverse J ureterBPHNotching of ureterRAS with collateralsCow-horn deformity of ureterSchistosomiasisDrooping-Lilly signDuplication of ureter with ectopic ureterFetal head calcification of bladderSchistosomiasis 