<prompt> Kleiheur Bethke test is done for?Cephalopelvic disproportionFetomaternal haemorrhageDetermining karyotype of normal fetusDiagnosing fetal infections  <response>: Ans. b Fetomaternal haemorrhageRef: Oskis Pediatrics: Principles Practice, chapter 66; Dacie 11thpg 307APT test for differentiation of fetal adult maternal hemoglobin in stool or vomitusMix 1 volume of sample with 5 volumes of water.Centrifuge mixture and remove clear-pink supernatant solution containing hemoglobin.Mix 1 ml of 1 sodium hydroxide with 4 ml supernatant and observe color change after 2 minutes.Remains pink: Hemoglobin FTurns yellow-brown: Hemoglobin A maternal bloodA common approach to evaluating FMH is the rosette test to screen for the presence of fetal cells followed by the Kleihauer-Betke acid elution method to quantify the magnitude of feto-maternal bleed.The Kleihauer-Betke acid elution method:Quantitative estimate of the volume of FMH based on different solubility properties of HbFHbA.On a peripheral smear treated with an acidic solution counterstained, red cells containing acid-soluble HbA appear as pale ghosts compared to deeply red stained red cells containing acid-resistant HbFCan also be used to detect HbF containing cells in p-thalassemia, hereditary persistence of hemoglobin F, sickle cell disease myelodysplastic syndrome.Increased HbF is also found in congenital red cell aplasia Blackfan-Diamond syndrome congenital aplastic anemia Fanconianemia, JMML, presence of erythropoietic stress haemolysis, bleeding, recovery from acute bone marrow failure and in pregnancy. 