<prompt> While measuring jugular venous pressure, a wave is indicative of:Atrial fillingAtrial relaxationAtrial contractionVentricular relaxation  <response>: The pressure pulsations that occur in the right atrium are transmitted in retrograde fashion to the large veins near the hea. Atrial contraction produces the first pressure peak called the a wave. The c wave is the transmitted manifestation of the rise in atrial pressure produced by the bulging of the tricuspid valve into the atria during isovolumetric ventricular contraction. The v wave mirrors the rise in atrial pressure before the tricuspid valve opens during diastole. Ref: Barrett K.E., Barman S.M., Boitano S., Brooks H.L. 2012. Chapter 30. The Hea as a Pump. In K.E. Barrett, S.M. Barman, S. Boitano, H.L. Brooks Eds, Ganongs Review of Medical Physiology, 24e. 