<prompt> A 60-year-old female is suffering from renal failure and is on hemodialysis since last 8 years. She developed Carpal Tunnel syndrome. Which of the following types of amyloid will be associated with it?Beta-2 microglobulinAmyloid light chainATTRSerum amyloid associated protein  <response>: Ans. a. Beta-2 microglobulin Ref: Harrison 19e p719, 18e p945-949: Robbins 9e p256-262, 8e pe p254Patients on long-term hemodialysis for renal failure develop amyloidosis as a result of deposition of beta-microglobulin deposition.AmyloidosisAmyloidosis is a pathological proteinaceous substance deposited between cellsQ in various tissues and organs of the body in a variety of clinical settings.Types of Amyloid proteinAL Amyloid Light chain:This is derived from plasma cellsQ and contains immunoglobulin light chainsAssociated with primary amyloidosis and immunocyte dyscrasias with amyloidosis like multiple myelomaQAA Amyloid Associate protein:It is unique non-immunoglobulin protein synthesized by reticuloendothelial cells of liverQ.Associated with secondary amyloidosis and reactive systemic amyloidosisQ.Chronic inflammatory conditions: TuberculosisQ, BronchiectasisQ, OsteomyelitisQConnective tissue disorders: Rheumatoid Arthritis MCQ, Ankylosing spondylitisQ, and Primary biliary cirrhosisQNonimmune derived tumors: Renal cell carcinomaQ and Hodgkins lymphomaQB2 Microalbumin A b2m: Hemodialysis associated amyloidosisQB2 Amyloid protein: Senile cerebralQ, Alzheimers diseaseQTransthyretin ATTR Familial amyloidotic neuropathiesQ and Systemic senile amyloidosisQCalcitonin associated amyloid A cal Ref: Medullary CA thyroidQIslet amyloid peptide AIAPP Type II DMQAtrial natriuretic factor associated amyloid: Isolated atrial Amyloidosis and Misfolded prion protein PrPsc diseaseCommon Biopsy sites in Amyloidosis: Subcutaneous abdominal fat aspirateQ, RectumQ, SkinQ, GingivaQ 