<prompt> Tracheostomy reduces dead space by ?By-passing upper airwayIncreasing VQ ratioReducing airflow resistanceBy all of the above mechanisms  <response>: Ans. isai.e., By-passing upper airway Ref: Morgan 4tue p. 553 Impoant effects of tracheostomy on respiratory physiologyTracheostomy decreases dead space as upper airways and nasal cavity are bypassed.Tracheostomy decreases ventilationperfusion VQ ratio.Tracheostomy reduces the airflow resistance. 