<prompt> Doctrine of res ipsa loquitur meansFact speaks for itselfMedical maloccurrenceCommon knowledge doctrineMandatory oral evidence  <response>: res ipsa loquitur means the thing speaks for itself, - a doctrine of law that one is presumed to be negligent if hesheit had exclusive control of whatever caused the injury even though there is no specific evidence of an act of negligence, and without negligence the accident would not have happened. Ex: Leaving a pair of scissors in the abdomen The error is so self-evident that the patients lawyer need not prove the doctors guilt with medical evidence. The doctor has to prove his innocence. Ref: Krishnan vij Textbook of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology; 5th ed; Page no: 364 