<prompt> Which of the following statements is true regarding kidney tumors -a Mutated VHL gene is associated with clear cell carcinomab Extreme hyperdiploidy occursc Extreme hypodiploidy occursd Renal papillary carcinoma has defect in chromosome 8e Oncocytoma has defect in chromosome 11acbcadb  <response>: Cvtogenetics of various subtypes of Renal Cell Ca Clear cell carcinomais the most common type 70-80These tumors can befamilialassociated with VHL disease orsporadic 95Almost all 98 of clear cell carcinomas are associated with loss of sequences on short arm of chromosome 3. The lost sequences include the VHL gene.The VHL gene acts as a tumor-suppressor gene the loss of which is associated with clear cell Ca.Papillary carcinomaAlso occurs in both familial and sporadic forms.The cytogenetic abnormalities associated with papillary Ca aretrisomies 7, 16 and 17 and loss of Y in male patients for sporadic formtrisomy 7 in the familial formFamilial form is associated with MET protooncogene.Chromophobe carcinoma- On cytogenetic examinations, these tumors exhibit multiple chromosome losses and extreme hypoploidy.Cytogenetics of Oncocytomaassociated with loss of chromosome 1 and Y.Also knowRenal medullary Ca is a relatively new histologic subtype of RCC that occurs almost exclusively in association with the sickle cell trait. 