<prompt> Agnes hunt traction:Flexion deformity of hipTrochantric fractureFracture shaft of humerusLow backache  <response>: Ans. A. Flexion deformity of hipRef: Campbell, Ebnezer and MaheshwariExplanationThese are commonly asked memory based questions in orthopedics. These charts are must to memorize.Commonly asked tractions, fractures, splints and castNameUseGallows tractionFracture shaft of the femur in children below 2 yearsBryants tractionSameRussells tractionTrochanteric fracturesBucks tractionConventional skin tractionPerkins tractionFracture shaft of femur in childrenAgnes-Hunt tractionCorrection of hip deformityWell-leg tractionCorrection of adduction or abduction deformity of hipDunlop tractionSupracondylar fracture of humerusSmiths tractionSupracondylar fracture of humerusCalcaneal tractionOpen fractures of ankle or legMetacarpal tractionOpen forearm fracturesHead-Halter tractionCervical spine injuriesCrutchfield tractionCervical spine injuriesHalo-pelvic tractionScoliosisSplintsNameUseCramer-wire splintEmergency immobilizationThomas splintFracture femur--anywhereBohler-Braun splintFracture femur--anywhereAluminium splintImmobilization of fingersDenis Browne splintCongenital talipes equinovarus CTEVCock-up splintRadial nerve palsyKnuckle-bender splintUlnar nerve palsyToe-raising splintFoot dropVolkmanns splintVolkmanns ischemic contracture VICFour-post collarNeck immobilizationAeroplane splintBrachial plexus injurySternal occipital mandibular immobilizer SOMI braceCervical spine injuryAnterior spinal hyperextension ASHEDorso-lumbar spinal injury braceTaylors braceDorso-lumbar immobilizationMilwaukee braceScoliosisBoston braceScoliosisLumbar corsetBackacheCastsName of the castUseMinerva castCervical spine diseaseRissers castScoliosisTurn-buckle castScoliosisShoulder spicaShoulder immobilizationU-slabFracture of the humerusColies castColies fractureHip spiceFracture of the femurCylinder castFracture of the patellaPatella tendon bearing PTB castFracture of the tibiaA spica is a cast where a limb and a part of the trunk are included, e.g., hip spica, shoulder spica.Disease and locationNameSite affectedPerthes diseaseFemoral headPanners diseaseCaplitulumKienbocks diseaseLunate boneOsgood-Schlatters diseaseTibial tubercleSevers diseaseCalcaneal tuberosityKohlers diseaseNavicular boneFreibergs diseaseMetatarsal headSchuermanns diseaseRing epiphysis of vertebraeCalves diseaseCentral bony nucleus of vertebral bodyNamed Fractures Bartons: Distal radius, intra-articular fracture Chauffers: Radial styloid fracture Colles: Distal radius, extra-articular fracture with dorsal tilt of the distal fragment Galleazzi: Fracture of distal V2 of the radius with dislocation of distal radio-ulnar joint Monteggia: Fracture of proximal V2 of the ulna with dislocation of head of the radius Night-stick: Isolated fracture shaft of the ulna Smiths: Distal radius fracture, extra-articular with volar tilt of the distal fragment Bennetts: Fracture of base of the 1st metacarpal, intra-articular Boxers: Fracture of neck of 5th metacarpal Mallet: Avulsion of attachment of extensor tendon from base of the distal phalanx Rolando: Fracture of base of 1st metacarpal, extraarticular Hangmans: Fracture pedicle-lamina of C2 vertebra Malgaignes: Pelvic-ring disruption with both pubic rami and sacro-iliac injury on the same side Bumper: Comminuted fracture of lateral condyle of the tibia Cottons: Trimalleolar ankle fracture Potts: Bimalleolar ankle fracture March: Stress fracture of shaft of 2nd metatarsal Aviators: Fracture of the neck of the talus Jones: Fracture of the base of the 5th metatarsalSigns and Tests Adsons test: For thoracic outlet syndrome Allens test: For testing patency of radial and ulnar arteries Allis test: For CDH Anvil test: For testing tenderness of the spine Ape thumb: For median nerve injury Apleys grinding test: For meniscus injury Apprehension test: For recurrent dislocation of the shoulder Barlows test: For CDH Blue sclera: Osteogenesis imperfect Bryants test: For anterior dislocation of the shoulder Callaways test: For anterior dislocation of the shoulder Chovsteks sign: For tetany Claw hand: For ulnar nerve injury Coin test: For dorso-lumbar tuberculosis of spine Cozens test: For tennis elbow Drawer test: For ACL and PCL injuries Anterior: For ACL injury. Posterior: For PCL injury Finkelsteins test: For de Quervains tenovaginitis Foot drop: For common peroneal nerve injury Froments sign: For ulnar nerve injury Gaenslens test: For SI joint involvement Galleazzi sign: For congenital dislocation of the hip CDH Gowers sign: For muscular dystrophy Hamilton-ruler test: For anterior dislocation of the shoulder Kanavels sign: For infection in ulnar bursa Lasegues test: For disc prolapsed Lachmann test: For ACL injury Ludloff s sign: For avulsion of lesser trochanter McMurrays test: For meniscus injury Nagffziger test: Disc prolapsed Obeis test: For tight ilio-tibial band e.g., in polio ODonoghue triad: Triad of MCL, ACL and medial meniscus injuries occurring together Ortolanis test: For CDH Pivot-shift test: For ACL injury Policeman tip: For Erbs palsy Sulcus sign: For inferior dislocation of the shoulder Thomas test: For hip flexion deformity Trendelenburgs test: For unstable hip due to any reason e.g., CDH Tinels sign: For detecting improving nerve injury Volkmanns sign: For ischemic contracture of forearm muscles Wrist drop: For radial nerve injury Runners knee: Patellar tendinitis. 