<prompt> Spongiosis involves ?Stratum basalStratum carneumStratum granulosumStratum spinosum  <response>: Ans. is d i.e., Stratum spinosum Separation of keratinocytes due to loss of intracellular bridges -- Acantholysis Intracellular edema of keratinocytes --- Ballooning Stratum basale Acantholytic cells of pemphigus vulgaris are derived from stratum basal. Basal cell degeneration occurs in Lichen planus. Stratum spinosum Intercellular in between the cells edema -- Spongiosis Thickening -- Acanthosis Stratum granulosum Thickening-Hypergranulosis Stratum corneum Retention of nuclei within cells Thickening Stratum corneum is involved in -- Parakeratosis -- Hyperkeratosis -- Micromunro abscess, Dermatophytes 