<prompt> Which of the following is TRUE about sliding esophageal hernia in all cases?Esophagus is always shoCardia goes through hiatusCardia and fundus goes through hiatusPeritoneal sac goes with paraesophageal hernia  <response>: Sliding hernia is characterized by upward dislocation of the cardioesophageal junction into the posterior mediastinum. As such option 3 gives the picture of mixed hernia not of sliding hernia. In paraesophageal hernia whole or pa of the stomach herniates into the thorax immediately adjacent and to the left of the undisplaced cardioesophageal junction so option 4 is also not correct in respect of paraesophageal hernia. Sho esophagus is not a congenital anomaly, long standing reflux esophagitis causes esophagus to contract longitudinally producing secondary hiatal hernia, so esophagus is not always sho. Ref: Bailey Love 25e, Page 1022 ; Schwaz 9e, Page 842 