<prompt> A 68-year-old man who was a diagnosed case of HIV infection for last 12 years was brought to outpatient depament for evaluation. His wife repos that for last 6 months she has been noticing changes in his behaviour. She fuher added that He appears uninterested and doesnt seem to care about anything. I havent seen him crying or saying something negative, but may be he is getting depressed. He is also having difficulty remembering things The patient has been irregular with his HIV medications. His last CD4 cell count, measured 5 months ago, was 210mm3. While walking , patient was observed to have subtle jerking movements. Which of the following is the likely diagnosis?Alzheimers diseaseDeliriumHIV-associated dementiaMajor depressive disorder  <response>: It is a neurocognitive disorder, which is usually seen in untreated HIV patients with a CD4 cell count of 200mm3 and in patients with long-standing HIV disease. The onset is usually subacute and manifests with apathy and impairment of attention. Subcoical e.g, basal ganglia, nigrostriatal symptoms manifest early with symptoms such as slowed movement and difficulty with smooth limb movement. This is followed by coical symptoms such as memory decline. Regular antiretroviral therapy decreases the possibility of development of HIV associated dementia, and may be helpful even if the symptoms have already staed. 