<prompt> Which of the toxins causes epidemic dropsy?BOAASanguinarinePyrazolidineNone  <response>: Ans. b Sanguinarine. Ref. Park, PSM, 17th ed., 658 Caused byFeaturesComments and interventionEpidemic dropsyA toxic alkaloid sanguinarine from argemone oil.- This toxic substance interferes with the oxidation of pyruvic acid which accumulates in the blood. On set of sudden, non- inflammatory, bilateral swelling of legs, diarrhoea.- Dyspnoea, cardiac failure and death may follow glaucoma.Tests for detection of argemone oil:- Nitric acid test.- Paper chromatogram phy--most sensitive test.Endemic FluorosisDrinking water contains excessive amounts of fluorine 3-5mgL.Certain parts of the country, e.g., Andhra Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala and TN.- Dental fluorosis: Ingested during the years of tooth calcification essentially during the first 7 years of life by mottling of dental enamel, which has been reported at levels above 1.5 mgL intake. Mottling is best seen on the incisors of the upper jaw.- Skeletal fluorosisGenu val gum: Lifetime daily intake of 3.0--6.0 mgL or more.- Changing the water source: Nalgonda technique for defluoridation of water.LathyrismOccurs in adults consuming the pulse, Lathyrus sativus Khesari Dhal.Toxin present in lathyrus is beta oxalyl amino alanine BOAA.Neurolathyrism is a crippling disease of the nervous system characterised by gradually developing spastic paralysis of lower limbs, and manifests itself in stages.- Latent stage- No-stick stage- One-stick stage- Two stick stage- Crawler stage.Vitamin-C prophylaxisBanning the cropRemoval of toxin- Steeping method- Parboiling- Education- Genetic approach- Socio-economic changesENDEMIC ASCITES:Pyrazolidone alkaloid in diet junjuhane seeds.Ascites- 