<prompt> The most common cause of vesicovaginal fistulaVVF in under-developed countries would be:Obstetrical injuryPelvic irradiationCarcinomaHaemorrhoidectomy  <response>: Causes of vesico vaginal fistula: Gynaecological Surgery: Most common cause in developed countries Obstetric injury Obstructed labour leading to tissue necrosis: Most common cause in developing countries Radiation Malignancy Foreign bodies: forgotten pessaries Direct trauma Infective: TB, schistosomiasis, syphilis, LGV Endometriosis, perforating bladder calculi 