<prompt> Which of the following gene mutations can lead to idiopathic steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome?NPHS1NPHS2WT1All of the above  <response>: A number of proteins have been identified that are components of the cell membrane or actin cytoskeleton of the podocyte. These include nephrin NPHS1, a-actinin-4, podocin NPHS2, CD2AP, Wilms tumor suppressor WT1, and TRPC6. Mutations in the genes for these proteins, occurring in autosomal dominant and recessive patterns, have been associated with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and biopsy-proven FSGS. Ref: Gipson D.S., Trachtman H 2009. Chapter 25. Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis. In Lerma E.V., Berns J.S., Nissenson A.R. Eds, CURRENT Diagnosis Treatment: Nephrology Hypeension. 