<prompt> Which of the following is true about Horseshoe kidney?Fused at upper pole lies in pelvisFused at lower pole, lies in pelvisFused at upper pole, lies in front of L1Fused at lower pole, lies in front of L4  <response>: The lower poles of the two kidneys or sometimes the upper poles may be fused. The connecting isthmus may lie either in front of, or behind, the aoa and inferior venacava. The ureters pass anterior to the isthmus. The inferior mesenteric aery also passes anterior to the isthmus which limits the ascent of the horseshoe kidney. Reference : I B Singhs Embryology , 10th edition, pg 288 