<prompt> Long bone fracture fixation done with -a Intramedullary nailb Compression platec External fixationd Screwe Tension band wiringabcbcacdbcd  <response>: There are so many options in fracture management and it is useless to explain them here. I am giving only brief description.Management of fracture The principles in fracture management are : -1ReductionIn displaced fractures, fracture site is reduced to proper alignment first.Reduction may be : -A Closed : - Without opening the fracture site. This can be done by : -Closed manipulation of fracture site.Continuous traction to counteract the forces which prevent reduction.B Open : - Fracture site is opened and then the fracture is reduced.2 Immobilization of fractured boneAfter reduction, immobilization is necessary to maintain the bones in reduced position.This may be dony by : -Plaster of paris cast or slabUsing implant : - i For long BonesIntramedullary nailing eg K nail, interlocking nail, Rush nail, reconstruction nail etc.Plating eg. DCPExternal fixatorDynamic hip screw DHS Dynamic condylar screw CDCSPlaster castii For short bonesScrewsK-wireTension band wiringHere I would like to explain one fact, which may otherwise cause confusion : -Closed reduction does not mean that treatment is always non-operative conservative.Closed reduction may be : -Conservative : - When reduction is done without opening of fracture site and the fracture site is immobilized without fixing by implant but by plaster or splints.Surgical : - When reduction is done without opening of fracture site and the fracture site is fixed by implants, e.g., by percutaneous K-wire or screw.Open reduction is always surgical; no confusion about that. 