<prompt> Acute hepatic and renal failure can be caused by all EXCEPTShigellosisLeptospirosisMalariaHantavirus  <response>: ShigellosisShigella causes lower G1 bleeding Hepatorenal syndrome usually affects individuals with cirrhosis and elevated pressures in the portal vein system termed portal hypertension. While HRS may develop in any type of cirrhosis, it is most common in individuals with alcoholic cirrhosis, particularly if there is concomitant alcoholic hepatitis identifiable on liver biopsies. HRS can also occur in individuals without cirrhosis, but with acute onset of liver failure, termed fulminant hepatic failure. Certain precipitants of HRS have been identified in vulnerable individuals with cirrhosis or fulminant hepatic failure. These include bacterial infection, acute alcoholic hepatitis, or bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, which is the infection of ascites fluid, is the most common precipitant of HRS in cirrhotic individuals. HRS can sometimes be triggered by treatments for complications of liver disease: iatrogenic precipitants of HRS include the aggressive use of diuretic medications or the removal of large volumes of ascitic fluid byparacentesis from the abdominal cavity without compensating for fluid losses by intravenous replacement Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome HFRS is a group of clinically similar illnesses caused by species of hantaviruses from the family BunyaviridaeSystemic Diseases Involving Both Liver and KidneyDrug toxicity -- acetaminophen, acetylsalicylic acid, carbon tetrachloride, etc.Granulomatous diseases sarcoidosis, drug-inducedInfectious -- malaria, leptospirosisInfiltrative -- amyloidosisInflammatory -- lupus, Sjogrens syndromeNonalcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetic nephropathyPreeclampsiaHELLP hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets syndromePolycystic kidneyliver disease autosomal dominantautosomal recessive formsSickle cell diseaseShock states congestive heart failure, sepsis, hypovolemiaRenal Disease Associated With Major Types of Liver Disease:Hepatitis BMembranous glomerulonephritis GN, membranoproliferative GN, IgA nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, minimal change disease, polyarteritis nodosum, essential mixed cryoglobulinemiaHepatitis CMembranoproliferative GN, membranous GN, cryoglobulinemia, fibrillary GN, IgA nephropathy, tubulointerstitial nephritisAlcoholic liver diseaseIgA nephropathyObstructive jaundicePrerenal azotemiaacute tubular necrosis from hypovolemia, decreased cardiac output, sepsis; acute tubular necrosis from toxic bile acidsPrimary biliary cirrhosisMembranous GN, antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-positive vasculitis, antiglomerular basement membrane disease, renal tubular acidosis, tubulointerstitial nephritisPrimary sclerosing cholangitisMembranous GN, membranoproliferative GN, antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody- positive vasculitis, tubulointerstitial nephritisWilsons diseaseRenal tubular acidosis Type 1 secondary to copper depositionAlpha-1 antitrypsin deficiencyMembranoproliferative GN, antiglomerular basement membrane diseaseLeptospirosis - Fever, Jaundice, acute renal injury refractory shock and hemorrhage pulmonary hemorrhage 1392-HI8thJaundice is not associated with fulminant hepatic necrosis or hepatocellular damage but rather than abnormal laboratory values. The liver can be enlarged and tender 1395- HI8thOther important possibilities include Malaria, rickettsial disease, arboviral infections eg dengue and chikungunya typhoid fever, hantavirus infection, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome or hantavirus cardio pulmonary syndrome and viral hepatitis 1396- HI8thShigellosis 1283-H18th 