<prompt> Pain Assessment Tool is best done byAsk patientTachycardiaTachypneaBradypnea  <response>: B TachycardiaPAT - Pain Assessment ToolParameters012Posturetone ExtendedDigits widespreadShoulders raised off bedFlexed andor tenseFists clenchedTrunk guardingLimbs drawn to midlineHead and shoulder resist posturingCryNo YesWhen disturbedDoesnt settle after handlingLoudWhimperingWhiningSleep patternRelaxed Agirated or withdrawnWakes with startleEasily wokenRestlessSquirmingNo clear sleepwake patternEye aversion shut outExpression FrownShallow furrowsEyes lightly closedGrimaceDeep furrowsEyes tightly closedPupils dilatedColorPink, well perfused Paleduskyflushed, Palmar swearingRespirations TachypneaArt restApneaAt rest or with handlingHeart rate TachycardiaAt restFluctuatingSpontaneous or at restOxygen saturationNormal Desaturation with or without handlingBlood pressureNormal Hypo-hypertension at restNurses perceptionNo pain perceived by me I think the baby is in painNote: Infants are assessed and scores obtained every 2 to 4 hours. An infant with a score 5 requires comfort measures; 10 requires analgesia dose adjustment Pain causes stress. The endocrine system reacts by releasing an excessive amount of hormones, ultimately resulting in carbohydrate, protein, and fat catabolism destruction; poor glucose use; and other harmful effects. This reaction combined with inflammatory processes can produce weight loss, tachycardia, increased respiratory rate, fever, shock, and death. Unrelieved pain prolongs the stress response, adversely affecting the patients recovery. Cardiovascular system responds to stress of pain by activating the sympathetic nervous system, which produces a variety of unwanted effects. In the postoperative period, these include hypercoagulation and increased heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac work load, and oxygen demand. Aggressive pain control is required to reduce these effects and prevent thromboembolic complications. Cardiac morbidity is the primary cause of death after anesthesia and surgery 