<prompt> Which of the following nucleus of Hypothalamus is most closely related to sexual activity in malesPreoptic nucleusSupraoptic nucleusLateral hypothalamic nucleiPosterior hypothalamic nuclei  <response>: A i.e.Preoptic nucleus - Sexual behavior is integrated in anterior-ventral hypothalamusQ; plus piriform coex in males only - Ganong - Sexual drive can be stimulated from several areas of hypothalamus, especially the most anterior and most posterior poions of hypothalamusQ Guyton - Medial preoptic area MPOA or the most anterior poion of hypothalamus is most impoant integrative nucleus involved in sexual behavior regulation of males in all veebratesQ. It integrates the male sexual behavior by receiving all indirect inputs from every sensory organ and sends efferents to structures that are critical for initiation and patterning of copulation. Therefore, stimulation of MPOA enhances sexual activity in males, whereas its damage consistently impairs male sexual behavior. Integrating Areas of Hypothalamus Function Anterior hypothalamus response to heat, Temprature regulation anteriorly Posterior hypothalamus response to cold hot, posteriorly cold Suprachiasmatic nuclei Control of circadian body rhythm Punishment centers esp periventricular zone of hypothalamus adjacent to 3rd ventricle, lateral Defensive reactions fear, anger, rage, punishment, fighting hypothalamus central grey area of mesencephalon are stimulatory and ventromedial nuclei of hypothalamus, hippocampi, anterior limbic coex esp anterior cingulate gyri and subcallosal gyri are inhibitory to fear punishment Unpleasant sensation Aversion Reward centers locatd along the course of medial Calmness Placidity, tameness forebrain bundleQ especially in lateral and ventromedial tranquility Pleasant sensation nuclei of hypothalamus are self stimulatory Reward or satisfaction Appetitive Behavior Lateral superior hypothalamusQ Thirst Lateral hypothalamus activity level Hunger eating increased Venteromedial nucleusQ, arcuate paraventricular nuclei Satiety Decreased eating tranquility Anterior ventral hypothalamus; most anterior medial preoptic areaMPOA most posterior poions of hypothalamusQ; piriform coex in males only Sexual drive Neuroendocrinal control of Preoptic area FSH LH Gn RH Supraoptic paraventricular nuclei Vasopressin, Oxytocin Paraventricular nuclei TSH thyrotropin TRH ACTH 3- lipotropin 03-LPH CRH Paraventricular nucleus and arcuate nucleus GH somatostatin GRH Arcuate nucleus; hypothalamus inhibits secretion Prolactin PIH PRH Dorsal posterior hypothalamus Catecholamines 