<prompt> All of the following act through cell surface receptors except?CoisolInsulinFSHTSH  <response>: Coisol is a steroid hormone and acts on intercellular cytoplasmic receptor. A. Hormones that bind to intracellular receptors lipophilic, readlily penetrate the cell membrane Hormones that bind to cytoplasmic receptors Androgens Estrogen, Progesterone Glucocoicoids, Mineralocoicoids Hormones that bind to nuclear receptors Thyroid hormones T3, T4 Estrogen , Progesterone Retinoic acid Calcitriol Vitamin D3 B. Hormones that bind to cell surface receptors hydrophilic The second messenger is cAMP Gs for : Parathyroid Hormone PTH CRH, ACTH, Catecholamines b1 b2 receptors Parathyroid hormone PTH, TSH, Calcitonin FSH, LH, HCG MSH ADH V2 receptors Glucagon Somatostatin Secretin Act by decreasing second messenger cAMP Gi: Alpha2 adrenoreceptors ACh M2, M4 Somatostatin The second messenger is cGMP for : Atrial natriuretic factor ANF Nitric oxideNO The second messenger is IP3-DAG Phospholipase C Gq for: Acetyl choline Muscarinic Angiotensin II ADH V1 receptor Catecholamines a1 receptor Cholecystokinin Gastrin GnRH, GHRH, TRH Oxytoxin Substance P The second messengger is kinase or phophatase cascade for : Growth hormone Erythropoetin Prolactin Platelet derived growth factor PDGF Insulin IGF-1 Adiponectin Epidermal growth factor Fibroblast growth factor Nerve growth factor VEGF Ref:Guyton and Hall 13th edition Pgno: 930-936 