<prompt> KIM-1 is a novel biomarker forAcute kidney injuryChronic kidney injuryRenal cellular carcinomaRenal metastasis  <response>: Kidney injury molecule-1 KIM-1 is a type 1 transmembrane protein that is abundantly expressed in proximal tubular cells injured by ischemia or nephrotoxins such as cisplatin. KIM-1 can be detected sholy after ischemic or nephrotoxic injury in the urine and, therefore, may be an easily tested biomarker in the clinical setting. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin NGAL, also known as lipocalin- 2 or siderocalin is another novel biomarker of AKI. Other candidate biomarkers of AKI include interleukin IL 18, a proinflammatory cytokine of the IL-1 superfamily Ref: Harrison 19e 1808 