<prompt> Bile strictures are seen inCholelithiasisMalignancyPost operativeWorm infestation  <response>: Biliary strictures are most commonly present post operatively80,especially following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.It can also occur following open cholecystectomy,biliary surgery,gastrectomy,liver surgery,duodenal and pancreatic surgery. CholedocholithiasisCBD stones can lead to recurrent attacks of cholangitis and thereby biliary structures.But cholelithiasis cannot usually lead to CBD strictures. Biliary strictures can also occur following malignancycholangiocarcinoma worm infestations like Ascaris lumbricoides,Clonorchis sinensis. Reference:SRBs manual of surgery,5th edition,page no:657. 