<prompt> MODY 1 is caused by mutations inHNF-4 alphaHNF-1 alphaHNF-1 betaGlucokinase  <response>: More than 10 different variants of MODY, caused by mutations in genes encoding islet-enriched transcription factors or glucokinase, are transmitted as autosomal dominant disorders.MODY 1, MODY 3, and MODY 5 are caused by mutations in the hepatocyte nuclear transcription factor HNF 4a, HNF-1a, and HNF-1b, respectively. As their names imply, these transcription factors are expressed in the liver but also in other tissues, including the pancreatic islets and kidney. These factors most likely affect islet development or the expression of genes impoant in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion or the maintenance of beta cell mass.Genetic defects of beta cell development or function characterized by mutations in III AHepatocyte nuclear transcription factor HNF 4a MODY 1Glucokinase MODY 2HNF-1a MODY 3Insulin promoter factor-1 IPF-1; MODY 4HNF-1b MODY 5NeuroD1 MODY 6Mitochondrial DNASubunits of ATP-sensitive potassium channelProinsulin or insulinOther pancreatic islet regulatorsproteins such as KLF11, PAX4, BLK, GATA4, GATA6, SLC2A2 GLUT2, RFX6, GLIS3Ref: Harrison 19e pg: 2406 