<prompt> Which of the following is not seen in Korsakoffs syndrome? RepeatClear consciousnessInability to leant new thingsHallucinationsConfabulation  <response>: Ans: C Hallucinations Ref: Synopsis of psychiatry, Kaplan Sadock, 10th editionExplanationWernickes encephalopathyIt is a condition which is acute in onset cf. Korsakoff psychosis is insidiousIt is characterized by the triad:Confusion delirium tremensAtaxia in-coordination of movementsNystagmus due to opthalmoplegia and i or vestibular dysfunction. Chronic alcohol intake depletes thiamine Vitamin B1 by various mechanisms.During acute intoxication, such deficiency results in degeneration of paraventricular regions of brain mammillary bodies, thalamus and hypothalamus.The treatment is THIAMINE IV 250-500mg day as slow- infusion for first five days, follow ed by oral route lOOmg tds for at least 15days.It is reversible if treated early.Otherwise, the condition progresses into Korsakoffs psychosis, which is characterized by amnesia both anterograde retrograde , confabulation to fill up the gaps in memory, apathy lack of insight.Less than 20 only respond to thiamine and often need as long as two years to show moderate improvement.Other neuropsvchiatric disorders due to alcohol are:Cerebellar degeneration,Central Pontine Myelinosis Corpus callosum demyelination Marchiafava- Bignanii disease.Riboflavin deficiencyMucositis Cbelitis, Stomatitis, GlossitisDermatitis SeborrheicNormochromic, normocytic anemia.Folate deficiency - Depression.Vitamin BI2 Depression Psychosis both folate and Vit.B 12 cause mental disorders either directly or by increasing homocysteine levels in brain. 