 Adherence to treatment is a primary determinant for the effectiveness of health care. Non-compliance may lead to therapeutic failure, make more difficult and complex the management of chronic diseases or cause death. The effectiveness of interventions on adherence has an important impact in the health of the population. Systemic lupus erythematosus SLE is an autoimmune disease with high proportion of hospital admissions and deaths and high cost of treatment. The prevalence of adherence in this group of patients in Brazil is very low 31.7 and the drug treatment is complex. Our aim is to assess the effectiveness of Pharmaceutical Care in the adherence of drug treatment by SLE patients attended in a Rheumatology outpatient clinic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 