 We propose that TZDs could significantly improve blood vessel function and play a role in atherosclerosis prevention in human SLE, in addition to modifying lupus disease activity. The major goal of the proposed research is to assess the effects of the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone in SLE on vascular function and inflammation and on SLE disease activity. The results of the study may lead to the characterization of a new therapeutic target with dual effects on lupus and its associated blood vessel damage 