 Additionally, a comparison group of 20 uninfected smokers who have already been enrolled in the co-investigators Dr. Kwon study will be used as comparison group. These patients have similar inclusionexclusion criteria as this study and have been verified to be HIV-antibody negative. We will obtain de-identified samples and immunological and virological data already collected by Dr. Kwon. De-identified banked PBMC, plasma and BAL samples will also be accessible to us using a material transfer agreement to perform epithelial transcriptional gene expression profiling. 