 Routine ultrasound scanning in the second trimester of pregnancy has few substantive benefits, according to the results of number of randomised trials, mostly performed in industrialised countries. While ultrasound did not seem to prevent fetal death, it was associated with improved detection of multiple pregnancies, improved detection of congenital abnormalities and reduced need for postterm labour induction. Only one trial, from Cape Town, has investigated the benefits of a policy of routine second trimester ultrasound scanning in an under-resourced setting. 