 Youth whose parents smoke cigarettes are at high risk for early initiation of cigarette smoking, and youth who first smoke cigarettes during childhood are at high risk for subsequent addiction to tobacco. Parents influence their childrens perceptions of the prevalence of smoking, the acceptability of smoking, the accessibility of cigarettes, and the personal and social consequences of smoking. All parents, including parents who smoke, can engage in anti-smoking socialization, which may lower childrens risk of smoking. 