 Sodium butyrate is a chemical compound found in foods and sold as a health food supplemental a nutraceutical which is a strong HDAC inhibitor predominantly class I HDAC and has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Previous studies suggest it may have potential as a treatment for cognitive deficits in several psychiatric disorders, and have potential ameliorative effects on depression, and on human inflammatory diseases. Research with animal models show that sodium butyrate and phenylbutyrate have potential to improve cognition, including rescue of fear and spatial memories and enhancement of contextual memory, spatial memory and object recognition and improved memory in a mouse model of Alzheimers disease. Sodium butyrate also decreased depressive-like behaviors in models of maternal deprivation and chronic stress . One human study with a butyrate congener improved cognitive outcome, including improvements in a test of working memory, in treatment of a urea cycle hyperammonia disorder. Sodium butyrate has also been used in clinical trials of inflammatory bowel diseases Crohns disease, ulcerative colitis with positive effects on clinical state and also with improvement on indicators of inflammation . In the Crohns disease study it also significantly decreased an immunological component interleukin-1 beta IL-1 β. It has been used and sold widely as health food supplement nutraceutical in humans and has a good safety profile . It also reduces insulin resistance and lipid metabolic abnormalities as documented in both an animal model of fat induced insulin resistance and in an experimental human study preventing lipid induced insulin resistance . This effect may be relevant as a beneficial effect for metabolic abnormalities that are frequently reported in obese SZ. Sodium butyrate is lipophilic compound that passes the blood-brain barrier. This is reported in previous studies and reviews stating that sodium butyrate crosses the blood brain barrier. For example, in a mouse model oral sodium butyrate increased histone acetylation both in brain and periphery. This fulfills a criterion the Stanley granting organization requests be reported for proposed pharmacological studies. 