 STUDY PROCEDURES: Screening for Preliminary Phase Twelve obese subjects will be recruited from the Nutrition and Weight Management Center population of gastric restrictive surgery patients. The subjects will have met all requirements for and received prior approval for the gastric restrictive surgery. The patient will sign the IRB-approved Informed Consent - Surgical Intervention form at the Baseline visit. Inclusion criteria includes age 18-65 years and BMI 40 kgm2 or 35 kgm2 with co-morbidities. Exclusions are those that are a part of the normal standard of care in the pre-selection process for approval of surgery, clinically severe lactose intolerance, alcohol dependence, and a significant egg allergy. 