 A third alternative to autologous bone is to use synthetic materials. Extensive research has been performed to develop such materials since the 80s. The majority of them are based on calcium phosphate compounds, made up of the same ions as those of the natural mineral phase of bone. These products are readily available, eliminate the risk of disease transmission or immunogenic response allografts and bypass the need for an additional surgical procedure autografts. These materials are presented under either of the three forms: granules, pre-formed blocks or cements. 