 DNA damage will be analysed by measuring DNA strand breaks in cell pellets using the comet assay. Serum oxidised purines will also be measured using an ELISA based assay. The transcriptional activation of DNA damage proteins will be assessed by real time PCR. For this, RNA will be isolated using a Roche High Pure Isolation kit. The RT2 First Strand Kit SABioscience will be utilised for reverse transcription of total RNA. Automated PCR will be set up and the raw data will be normalised using the average cycle threshold ct value of four housekeeping genes B2M, RPL13A, GAPDH, and ACTB. 