 Vitamin D is a versatile signaling molecule with a well-established role in the regulation of calcium homeostasis and bone health. The spectrum of vitamin D target-organs has expanded and it has been suggested that vitamin D influences the immune system, endocrine organs such as pancreas, testis and ovary and multiple other organs Blomberg Jensen 2014. More recently attention has been paid to surgical patients suggesting hypovitaminosis D to increase postoperative morbidity. Turan A et al, Zaloga et al. However, the perioperative literature is hindered by a mixture of acute and chronic diseases indicating surgery, different types of surgery and different time of vitamin-D assessments pre- vs post-operatively Turan A et al Zaloga et al. 