 In TAKE CARE procedure all premature infants who suffered from respiratory distress syndrome RDS received 100 mgkg of porcine surfactant preparation via an intratracheal catheter during spontaneous breathing. In the control group infants treated with InSurE procedure were intubated and ventilated to receive surfactant and placed on nCPAP rapidly after surfactant administration. The procedures were compared for short-term efficacy and possible complications. 