 9. Previous history of the following: major abdominal surgery, major gynecologic pelvic surgery, inflammatory bowel disease Crohn s or ulcerative colitis, Meckel s diverticulum, congenital atresia or stenosis, diverticulitis, radiation enteropathy or stricture, bowel neoplasm, endometriosis, inguinal-femoral-umbilical-ventral hernia, volvulus, or neurogenic megacolon, frequent bezoars. 