 Female circumcision FC causes both immediate and long-term health consequences. In general, the more severe type of FC, the worse health consequences can be seen. Despite the negative health effects, the practice of FC is still found to be highly prevalent in many countries, mainly in Africa and the Middle East. Many studies have been performed on FC in African countries where the custom is widespread and there have also been many attempts to eradicate the practice in these countries. However, considerably less research exists on FC in non-practicing societies where there has been an influx of immigrants from countries that traditionally carry out this practice. Further, no anti-FC interventions designed using a comparison group have been performed in any country outside Africa. 