 The study population will be patients under 5 years of age who attend the consultation service of one health centre of Mbarara municipality low transmission setting and one health centre in Kazo sub-county high transmission setting and for whom the clinical diagnosis of malaria is confirmed by smear microscopy and with at least one positive RDT. Patients with general signs of danger of severe malaria or who took a full course of antimalarial treatment in the previous 2 weeks will be excluded. Written consent will be sought from all participants. 