 Within the fields of attention and information processing, the electroencephalographically EEG-derived event-related potentials ERPs provide an exquisitely sensitive method of indexing cognition that can both complement and clarify behavioural observations. The ERP waveform is elicited in response to a specific stimulus, such as tones or light flashes, or cognitive events, such as recognition, decision making or response to specific stimuli events. Specifically, ERPs represent an average of the neural activity that follows the onset of a stimulus. In studies examining the effects of caffeine on the brain, EEGERPs appear to be preferable to neuroimaging techniques such as fMRI and PET as the vasoconstrictive nature of caffeine may confound these latter techniques, which model cortical blood flow. EEGERPs avoid these potential confounds and, furthermore, provide a temporal resolution far superior to some of the more sophisticated imaging techniques i.e. PET, fMRI, making this methodology far more suitable for capturing instantaneous changes in information processing. While the literature of caffeines effects on ERP-indexed cognitive processes is limited, there is evidence of caffeine enhancing ERPs. In one such study, not only was there quicker behavioural responding during a visual search task with caffeine vs. placebo, but also quicker ERP measures of target detection, although caffeine did not alter ERP amplitudes. 