<prompt> Please answer with one of the option in the bracket. Write reasoning in between . Write answer in between .Q:A 77-year-old man with a history of advanced dementia, hypertension, Parkinsons disease, and diabetes mellitus type 2 is brought to the hospital from a nursing home after several days of non-bloody diarrhea and vomiting. The patient is evaluated and admitted to the hospital. Physical examination shows a grade 26 holosystolic murmur over the left upper sternal border, clear lung sounds, a distended abdomen with normal bowel sounds, a resting tremor, and 2 edema of the lower extremities up to the ankle. Over the next few hours, the nurse records a total of 21 cc of urine output over the past 5 hours. Which of the following criteria suggest pre-renal failure?? A: Urine osmolarity of 280 mOsmkg, B: Urine Na of 80 mEqL, C: Urineplasma creatinine ratio of 10, D: Fractional excretion of sodium of 0.5, E: Urineplasma osmolarity ratio of 0.8,  <response>: This is a question asking about the criteria that suggest pre-renal failure. Pre-renal failure is caused by decreased blood flow to the kidneys, resulting in decreased glomerular filtration. The choices given include different urinary indices that can help distinguish pre-renal failure from other causes of acute kidney injury. Choice A of a urine osmolarity greater than plasma osmolarity suggests the kidneys are appropriately concentrating urine, which goes against pre-renal failure. Choice B of a urine sodium less than 20-40 mEqL suggests appropriate renal handling of sodium in response to volume depletion, supporting pre-renal failure. Choice C of a high urineplasma creatinine ratio suggests decreased GFR, which supports pre-renal failure. Choice D of a low fractional excretion of sodium suggests appropriate renal handling of sodium in response to volume depletion, supporting pre-renal failure.Choice E of a urineplasma osmolarity ratio less than 1.0 suggests inappropriately dilute urine compared to plasma, supporting pre-renal failure.D: Fractional excretion of sodium of 0.5 