<prompt> Please answer with one of the option in the bracket. Write reasoning in between . Write answer in between .Q:A 61-year-old man presents to the emergency department for the evaluation of polyuria, polydipsia, and confusion. He has a history of the psychiatric disease but is unable to provide additional details. He is admitted to the hospital and his home medications are continued. Routine testing is unrevealing for the etiology of his symptoms. Desmopressin acetate DDAVP is given, but no effect is seen on urine output or urine osmolarity. Which of the following medications could have induced this syndrome?? A: Ranitidine, B: Omeprazole, C: Nitrofurantoin, D: Nafcillin, E: Lithium,  <response>: This is a clinical vignette describing a patient with symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia, and confusion. The question is asking which medication the patient may have been taking that could have caused these symptoms, which are consistent with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus NDI. NDI is characterized by an inability to concentrate urine despite normal or elevated plasma concentrations of the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin also called ADH. The fact that desmopressin DDAVP, a synthetic analog of vasopressin, had no effect on the patients urine output or osmolarity confirms the diagnosis of NDI. Among the medication choices, lithium is known to cause NDI in some patients by interfering with the kidneys response to vasopressin in the collecting ducts. The other medications - ranitidine, omeprazole, nitrofurantoin, and nafcillin - are not known to cause NDI. Therefore, lithium is likely the medication that induced this syndrome in the patient.E: Lithium 