<prompt> Rangarira ndima iri pasi apa uye ipapo pindura mubvunzo gare gare mumutauro mumwe chetewo sechikamu: Passage: The scanning tunneling microscope mudziyo wokuona pamusoro pamwero weatomu. Iyo inoshandisa muitiro unonzi quantum tunneling, unobvumira kuti zvinhu zviduku zvipfuure muchipingamupinyi chaizova chisingapfuuriki. Maerekitironi anopfuura nepakati penzvimbo isina chinhu iri pakati pemagetsi maviri esimbi, pane rimwe nerimwe rawo pane atomu rinenge rakanyudzwa, zvichiita kuti pave nechinhu chinonzi tunneling-current density chinogona kuyerwa. Kuongorora atomu rimwe rinotorwa somucheto sezvo richifamba richipfuura rimwe muenzaniso rinobvumira kuronga kwekubviswa kwemucheto maringe nekuparadzaniswa kweparutivi kwezvino nguva dzose. Kuverengwa kwacho kunoratidza kuti mifananidzo yeatomu imwe chete iri mu scanning-tunneling-microscope inooneka zvakadini. Inosimbisa kuti nokuda kwokutsauka kwakaderera, maikorosikopu anoona zviyero zvepakati zvemaorbitals emagetsi pamatanho emagetsi akazara zvikuru - Fermi level local density of states. Atomu inogona kuitwa ionized nokubvisa imwe yemagetsi ayo. Mutoro wemagetsi unoita kuti nhambo yeatomu ikotame painopfuura nomumunda wemagineti. Nharaunda iyo nzira yeion inofamba inoshandurwa nayo nomunda wemagineti inodzorwa nehuremu hweatomu. Mass spectrometer inoshandisa nheyo iyi kuyera uwandu-kune-mutoro reshiyo yemaion. Kana muyenzaniso iine isotopes dzakawanda, mass spectrometer inogona kuona chikamu cheisotope imwe neimwe muyenzaniso nokuyera simba remabhanhire akasiyana-siyana emaion. Nzira dzokuita kuti maatomu aputike dzinosanganisira inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy uye inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, zvose zviri zviviri zvinoshandisa plasma kuita kuti masampuli aputike kuti aongororwe. Nzira inosarudza nzvimbo yakawanda ndeye electron energy loss spectroscopy, iyo inoyera kurasikirwa kwesimba remagetsi emagetsi mukati meiyo inotumira maerekitironi microscope painopindirana nechikamu chemuenzaniso. Atom-probe tomograph ine sub-nanometer resolution mu3-D uye inogona kuziva makemikari maatomu ega ega uchishandisa nguva-yeku-bhururuka mass spectrometry. Spectra yemamiriro anofadza inogona kushandiswa kuongorora kuumbwa kweatomu kwenyeredzi dziri kure... Mubvunzo: Microscope inoshandiswa pakuongorora iri pamwero upi?  <response>: maatomu 