<prompt> Nyorai kuenderera mberi kwechikamu chino - Muna Chikumi 1952, ANC yakabatana nemamwe masangano anorwisa rusaruraganda muDefiance Campaign kupokana nekurambidzwa kwekodzero dzezvematongerwo enyika, dzevashandi, uye dzekugara, panguva iyo varatidziri vakaputsa nemaune mitemo inodzvinyirira, vachitevera muenzaniso wekuramba kwaMahatma Gandhi muKwaZulu-Natal neIndia  <response>: . Mushandirapamwe wacho wakamiswa muna April 1953 pashure pokunge mitemo mitsva yairambidza misangano yokuratidzira yapfuura. 