<prompt> Rangarira ndima iri pasi apa uye ipapo pindura mubvunzo gare gare mumutauro mumwe chetewo sechikamu: Kupfuura: Pfungwa yazvino yeboka risingaoneki yakagadzirwa kubva muminda inoverengeka yemasvomhu. Chinhu chokutanga chakaita kuti pave nedzidziso yemapoka kwaiva kutsvaka mhinduro dzemhinduro dzepolynomial equations dzedhigirii inopfuura 4. Nyanzvi yemasvomhu yeFrance yezana ramakore rechi19 Évariste Galois, achiwedzera basa rapfuura raPaolo Ruffini naJoseph-Louis Lagrange, akapa nzira yekugadziriswa kweimwe polynomial equation maererano neboka re symmetry remidzi yayo mhinduro. Zvinhu zveboka reGalois rakadaro zvinowirirana nokugadziriswa kwakati kwemidzi. Pakutanga, pfungwa dzaGalois dzakarambwa navakararama navo, uye dzakabudiswa pashure porufu rwake bedzi. Mamwe mapoka emarudzi ose emarudzi ose akaongororwa zvikurukuru naAugustine Louis Cauchy. Bhuku raArthur Cayley rinonzi On the theory of groups, as depending on the symbolic equation θn 1 1854 rinopa tsanangudzo yokutanga yezvikwata zvine mugumo. Geometry yaiva munda wechipiri umo mapoka aishandiswa nenzira yakarongeka, kunyanya mapoka e symmetry sechikamu chepurogiramu yaFelix Klein ya1872 yeErlangen. Pashure pokunge ma geometry matsva akadai se hyperbolic ne projective geometry amuka, Klein akashandisa dzidziso yeboka kuaronga nenzira inowirirana zvikuru. Achifambisira mberi pfungwa idzi, Sophus Lie akatanga kudzidza nezvemapoka aLie muna 1884. Nzvimbo yechitatu yakapa mupiro kune dzidziso yemapoka yaiva dzidziso yenhamba. Mamwe mapoka eAbelian akanga ashandiswa zvisina kunanga mubasa raCarl Friedrich Gauss rokurondedzera nhamba rinonzi Disquisitiones Arithmeticae 1798, uye zvakajeka zvikuru naLeopold Kronecker. Muna 1847, Ernst Kummer akaita kuedza kwokutanga kuratidza Fermats Last Theorem nokugadzira mapoka anotsanangura factorization kuva nhamba dzokutanga. Kubatana kwezvinhu izvi zvakasiyana-siyana kuva dzidziso yakafanana yemapoka kwakatanga naCamille Jordans Traité des substitutions et des équations algébriques 1870. Walther von Dyck 1882 akaunza pfungwa yokuratidza boka kupfurikidza nemagetsi uye ukama, uye akanga ariwo wokutanga kupa tsanangudzo ye axiomatic ye boka risingaoneki, mumashoko enguva yacho. Kubvira muzana ramakore rechi20, mapoka... Mubvunzo: Chinangwa chokutsvakurudza chacho ndechei?  <response>: kurerutsa uchapupu hwekurongwa uku 