<prompt> Pfupisa nyaya yacho: Icho chinhu chinoshamisa icho chakasimba kakapetwa ka200 pane simbi uye chakaonda kakapetwa miriyoni pane bvudzi romunhu, icho chakarongedzerwa kuita shanduko mune zvemagetsi, mushonga uye kutakurwa. Zvino graphene yakagadzirirwa kuita kutanga kwayo kwezvokutengeserana muchimiro chegirobhu remwenje mumwedzi mishomanene. Chiedza chacho chine chiedza chinonzi LED chakaumbwa netambo chakaputirwa nekabhoni yakasimba zvikuru uye chichange chichitengeswa muna 2015. Chiedza chinodzikira chine LED yakaita semucheka wakafukidzwa nekabhoni yakasimba zvikuru, yakawanikwawo naSir Konstantin Novoselov ari kuruboshwe mumufananidzo. Pano, Chancellor George Osborne anoongorora girobhu racho. Vatsvakurudzi vokuBritain vari kugadzira girobhu racho vanoti richagara kwenguva refu uye richadhura kugadzira kupfuura magirazi eLED enguva dzose, uye richaderedza kushandiswa kwesimba nezvikamu gumi kubva muzana. Inotaridzika semarambi echinyakare, asi graphene inoita kuti igone kuita magetsi nokudziya zvakanaka, kuti ibetsere kuita kwakanaka, zvichireva kuti vashandisi havazofaniri kuchinja marambi avo nguva dzose. Yakagadzirirwa paYunivhesiti yeManchester, apo graphene yakawanikwa, uye ichagadzirwa neGraphene Lighting PLC, kambani yakanyoreswa muUK iyo inoparadzaniswa neyunivhesiti. Purofesa Colin Bailey, mutevedzeri wemutevedzeri wemukuru weyunivhesiti yacho akaudza BBC kuti: Girafini ichashandisa simba shoma. Tinokarira kuti ichagara kwenguva refu. Mari yekugadzira yakaderera uye inoshandisa zvinhu zvinogara zvichishanda. Chigadzirwa chitsva ichi chinoratidzika semarambi echinyakare, asi graphene coating inoita kuti chikwanise kuita magetsi uye kupisa zvinobudirira, kuti zvive nyore kuita zviri nani. Mufananidzo wechimiro chegraphene unoratidzwa, wakagadzirwa nechikamu chemaatomu ecarbon. Graphene inenge iri atomu rimwe chete rine maatomu ekabhoni akabatanidzwa nechepamusoro. Haisi kungovimbisa kuchinja zvinhu zvakadai semakombiyuta, masensor, uye michina yokuratidza zvinhu, asiwo inogona kuita kuti pave nokufambira mberi kukuru pakutsvakurudza zvinhu zvinokosha zvine chokuita nequantum. Kazhinji kazhinji inoratidzirwa setambo yehuku ine ukuru hweatomu yakaitwa namaatomu ecarbon nezvisungo zvawo. Masayendisiti anodavira kuti...  <response>: Bhodhoro racho rine chiedza chinonzi LED chakagadzirwa nesimbi inonzi graphene. Chinhu chinoshamisa chakasimba, chinogara kwenguva refu uye chakatetepa kupfuura bvudzi romunhu. Bulb yakagadzirwa paYunivhesiti yeManchester uye ichatengeswa mumwedzi. Zvinonzi zvinoderedza kushandiswa kwesimba ne10, zvinogara kwenguva refu uye zvinotengwa zvine makwikwi. 