<prompt> Pedzisa mutsara unotevera: Umambo hweByzantium hwakawanazve utongi muna 1031, kunyange zvazvo husina kuramba huchitongwa kwenguva refu uye hwakachinja ruoko kakawanda zana remakore risati rapera. Dunhu reEdessa, rimwe rematunhu eCrusader rakagadzwa mushure mekubudirira kweFirst Crusade, raive rakakomberedzwa neguta, maCrusaders akatora guta kubva kuSeljuks. Dunhu racho rakapukunyuka kusvikira muna 1144  <response>: Kukombwa kweEdessa, umo Imad al-Din Zengi, muvambi wedzinza reZengid, akatora guta uye, maererano naMateo weEdessa, akauraya vazhinji veEdessenes. Nyika dzedzinza revaTurkic Zengid dzakazopedzisira dzapindwa neOttoman Empire muna 1517 mushure meHondo yeChaldeiran ya1514. 