<prompt> Pedzisa mutsara unotevera: Kugadzirwa kwemapaipi emvura yakasvibiswa akaumbwa neseramiki kwakatanga muna 1846, uye kwakabudirira zvikuru; Henry Doulton akatanga kambani yake yainyanya kuita izvi, Henry Doulton and Co., bhizimisi rokutanga kuita izvi. Ikoku kwakabatanidzwa nebhizimisi guru muna 1854. Munununa wake John Junior gare gare akatangawo bhizimisi rake rokugadzira pombi. Kare migero yaingova migero yezvidhina, iyo yaitanga kubuda mvura payaikwegura. Denda reCholera ra1846-1860, uye kutevera kwaDr John Snow  <response>: 1854 Kupararira kwecholera muBroad Street muLondon kunopa mvura yakasvibiswa nemvura yakasvibiswa kwakatungamirira purogiramu huru yekuvandudza kuraswa kwemvura yakasvibiswa, uye dzimwe nzira dzokuyerera dzinoshandisa mapaipi. Zvinhu izvi nezvimwe zvakawanda zvaishandiswa pakuvaka uye pakushambidza zvakaramba zviri musimboti weDoulton kusvika muzana remakore rechi20. Zvinhu zvesimbi zvemapombi zvakadai semapombi uye mabhati esimbi zvakawedzerwa kune zvakasiyana-siyana gare gare. Midziyo yamatombo yekubikira yakadai semidziyo yekuchengetera uye ndiro dzekusanganisa, uye marabhoritari uye kugadzira zvedongo, zvaive zvimwe zvakasarudzika zvenguva refu. Zvimwe zvivako zvakagadzirirwa kuita izvi muPaisley muScotland, Smethwick, St Helens pedyo neLiverpool, uye Rowley Regis muEngland, uye pakupedzisira Paris. 