<prompt> Ramba uchinyora ndima iyi - Nemhaka yokuwanda kwemafuta, zvikepe zvemazuva ano zvinotakura mafuta zvinogona kukanganisa zvakatipoteredza. Sezvakakurukurwa pamusoro apa, tangi reVLCC rinogona kutakura mafuta asina kuchena. Iyi inenge yakapetwa kanokwana kasere kuwanda kwemvura yakadururwa muchinoitika chinozivikanwa zvikuru cheExxon Valdez  <response>: . Mukudonha uku, ngarava yacho yakasvika pamhenderekedzo uye yakadururira mafuta mugungwa muna March 1989. Pasinei zvapo nenhamburiko dzemasayendisiti, vatarisiri, uye vazvipiri, shiri dzomugungwa dzinopfuura 400 000, makudo egungwa anenge 1.000, uye hove dzakawanda zvikuru zvakaurawa. Zvisinei, tichifunga nezvehuwandu hwemafuta anotakurwa nomugungwa, masangano evaridzi vematangi anowanzotsigira kuti kuchengeteka kweindasitiri yacho kwakanaka kwazvo, nechidimbu chiduku chete cheperesenti yezvinhu zvinotakura mafuta zvakambodonha. Sangano reInternational Association of Independent Tanker Owners rakacherechedza kuti kudeuka kwemafuta netsaona mumakore gumi aya kwave kuri pamwero wakaderera zvikuru - chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chemakore gumi apfuura uye chikamu chimwe muzvishanu chemakore okuma1970 - panguva apo mafuta anotakurwa akapetwa kanopfuura kaviri kubvira pakati pema1980. 