<prompt> Passage: The infamous penal colonies, including Devils Island, were gradually phased out and then formally closed in 1951. Pakutanga, chete avo vakasunungurwa vasungwa vaigona kukwidza mari yekudzokera kuFrance ndivo vakakwanisa kuenda kumba, saka French Guiana yakashungurudzwa mushure mekuvharwa kwepamutemo kwematare nevasungwa vazhinji vakasunungurwa vachitungamira hupenyu husina chinangwa mukoloni. Mubvunzo: Makore api akavharwa zviri pamutemo?  <response>: Gore ra1951 