<prompt> Kuparadzaniswa kweIndia kwakatanga kushanda musi wa14 Nyamavhuvhu 1947, kuchipatsanura mapurovhinzi eBengal neEast Pakistan, yava Bangladesh nePunjab neWest Pakistan, yava Pakistan chaiyo kuti vagadzire nyika yakaparadzana kubva kuIndia sezvakataurwa nePakistan Movement, iyo yakatsigira Two-Nation Theory kuti maMuslim nemaHindu havagone kuchengetedza nyika pamwechete nekuda kwekusiyana kwechitendero izvo zvaizoratidza kuti zvakaoma kwazvo kubvumirana kana, mune zvimwe zviitiko, hazvigoneke kusvika pakubvumirana pamwe chete. Kupatsanurwa kwenyika iyi kwakakonzera kunetsana kukuru pakati pemarudzi uye pasina nguva refu, kusawirirana kukuru pamusoro penharaunda yeKashmir yaimbova nyika yeumambo pasi peBritish Raj iyo yaidavirwa zvizere neDominion yeIndia neDominion yePakistan yakakonzera hondo yakakura pakati penyika mbiri dzakavakidzana. India nePakistan, kubvira parusununguko rwavo, vakabatanidzwa muhondo ina dzemauto dzakarwisana 1947, 1965, 1971, 1999, dzose dzacho dzakabva mukukakavadzana kwavo muKashmir kunze kwehondo muna 1971  <response>: . Zvisinei, dzimwe nhamburiko dzedhipuromatic dzakabudirira mukusimudzira kutengeserana kwenyika mbiri uye zviitiko zvemitambo pakati penyika mbiri pamwe nekubvumira maIndia nemaPakistani kuyambuka muganho murunyararo uye kushanya kuburikidza nemasevhisi anopiwa neSamjhauta Express uye Delhi-Lahore binational bhazi nzira. Chibvumirano cheShimla cha1972 uye zvibvumirano zvapashure zvapashure zvakasunga marudzi ose ari maviri kutsvaka chinogadzirisa rugare kukakavadzana kweKashmir achisimudzira kutengeserana nekubatana kwezvemari. 