<prompt> Pfupisa nyaya yacho: CNN Zita rangu ndinonzi Mark Goodacre, uye ndiri purofesa weTestamende Itsva nematangiro echiKristu muDhipatimendi reDzidzo Dzezvitendero paDuke University. Ndakanga ndiri chipangamazano wenhevedzano uye mumwe wenyanzvi dzakawanda dzakamera muKutsvaka Jesu yeCNN, iyo yakatanga kuratidzwa manheru eSvondo. Ndinoratidzwawo muchikamu chimwe nechimwe chepurogiramu yacho. Vatariri vakakokwa kuti vatumire mibvunzo yavo paTwitter uye paFacebook panguva yechiratidziro. Pazasi pane mimwe inonakidza zvikuru, nemhinduro dzangu kwairi. Vance Lipsey: Pane nzira iri nani here yokuongorora chifukidziro chacho kupfuura kushandisa karboni? Ndakaudzwa kuti carbon dating haina kururama zvikuru. Goodacre: Kutaura zvazviri, kuongorora kuti zvinhu zvacho ndezvenguva ipi kunobatsira chaizvo kuti uzive kuti zvinhu zvacho ndezvenguva ipi. Vakawanda vanoodzwa mwoyo, uye hazvishamisi, kuti chifukidziro chacho chakanyorwa kuti chaiva pakati pa1260 na1390 AD. Ndinoyeuka kuodzwa mwoyo kwangu asi kwete kushamiswa pandakanzwa migumisiro shure muna 1988. Asi masayendisiti aiita basa rokunyoresa nguva yakaitika zvinhu zvacho necarbon akanga asiri amateurs, uye mienzaniso yacho yakaongororwa mumarabhoritari matatu akasiyana. Uyezve, kuongororwa kwakaitwa carbon date kwaienderana nezvimwe zvinoratidza kuti chinyorwa chacho chakanga chakagadzirwa munguva yeMiddle Ages, zvakadai sokuti hapana uchapupu hunoratidza kuti chakambovapo kusvikira muzana remakore rechi14. Cynthia Restivo: Saka ndinoziva kuti carbon dating yakanga isina kururama, asi hazvina kuzoratidzwa here gare gare kuti chidimbu chemucheka chakashandiswa pakuedza chakanga chiri chikamu chakanga chagadziriswa pashure pokukuvadzwa nomwoto kana kuti chimwe chinhu? Izvozvo zvingatsanangura kuti nei musi wacho wakasiyana? Goodacre: Aiwa, izvozvo hazvina kusimbiswa. Avo vanodzivirira kuva kwechokwadi kwechidzitiro chacho kazhinji kazhinji vanoti muenzaniso wacho ungave wakabviswa muchikamu chechidzitiro icho chakagadziriswa pashure pokunge chakanganiswa nomwoto muzana ramakore rechi 16. Asi uku kukumbira chaiko. Masayendisiti akatora muenzaniso wacho aiziva zvaakanga achiita. Purofesa Christopher Ramsey akacherechedza kuti kurukwa kwakanga kusina kujairika kwechidzitiro chacho kwakanga kwakafanana nokwechidzitiro chakanga chasara chechidzitiro chacho. Beth A Hafele: Saka maoko aJesu akaroverwa here kana kuti zvigunwe? Zviratidziro zvose namafirimu zvine maoko ake akarovererwa. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshamisa pamusoro peShroud yeTurin ndechokuti mufananidzo wacho unoratidzika kuva wakabatanidzwa...  <response>: Purofesa worudzidziso Mark Goodacre anooneka muchikamu chimwe nechimwe chepurogiramu yacho. Anodzivirira nzira yakashandiswa pakusarudza nguva yakasvika Shroud yeTurin. 