<prompt> Qedela umusho olandelayo: Umqhubi wesikebhe sokumba, i-Occidental Petroleum, wathenga umshwalense oqondile kubabhalisi be-Lloyds, okwathi ngemva kwalokho badlulisela ingxenye yezabelo zabo zengozi kwamanye ama-syndicates ngokusebenzisa umshwalense. Laba baphinde bavikele kabusha ingxenye yengozi kwabanye ababhalisile be-reinsurance ngaphakathi kweLloyds abaziwa ngokuthi ababhalisile be-retrocessionary, njalo njalo. Ngenxa yalokho, ama-syndicates amaningi, ikakhulukazi lawo abhala inani elikhulu le-excess of loss reinsurance, abhekana nesimangalo esifanayo izikhathi eziningi ngokusebenzisa izingqimba eziningi ku-spiral. Ezinye izinhlekelele, kuhlanganise neSiphepho uHugo kanye  <response>: Ukuchitheka kukawoyela e - Exxon Valdez ngo - 1989, nakho kwangena kule nkinga. 