<prompt> Qedela umusho olandelayo: Ukuhlukaniswa kweNdiya kwaqala ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni ngo-August 14, 1947, kwahlukanisa izifundazwe zaseBengal neMpumalanga Pakistan, manje eyiBangladesh nePunjab neNtshonalanga Pakistan, manje eyiPakistan uqobo ukudala isizwe esihlukile esivela eNdiya njengoba kuchazwe yiPakistan Movement, eyayikhuthaza i- Two-Nation Theory ukuthi amaSulumane namaHindu awakwazi ukusekela isizwe ndawonye ngenxa yokungafani ngokwenkolo okungaba nzima kakhulu ukuyekethisa noma, kwezinye izimo, akunakwenzeka ukufinyelela ekuvumelaneni ngokuhlanganyela. Ukuhlukaniswa kwabangela izingxabano ezinkulu zomphakathi futhi ngemuva nje kwalokho, impikiswano enkulu ngensimu yaseKashmir eyayiyizwe lobukhosi ngaphansi kweBritish Raj eyayibuswa yi-Dominion of India ne-Dominion of Pakistan yabangela impi enkulu phakathi kwala mazwe amabili angomakhelwane. I-India nePakistan, selokhu yazithola inkululeko, ziye zahlanganyela ezingxabanweni ezine ezihlomile 1947, 1965, 1971, 1999, zonke zivela ezingxabanweni zazo eKashmir ngaphandle kwe-  <response>: Impi ngo-1971. Kodwa-ke, eminye imizamo yezombusazwe iphumelele ekukhuthazeni ukuhwebelana kwamazwe amabili nemicimbi yezemidlalo phakathi kwezizwe zombili kanye nokuvumela amaNdiya namaPakistani ukuthi bawele umngcele ngokuthula futhi bavakashele ngezinsizakalo ezinikezwa yiSamjhauta Express kanye nomzila webhasi we-binational Delhi-Lahore. Isivumelwano saseShimla sika-1972 nezivumelwano ezimbili ezalandela zibophezele izizwe zombili ukuba zifune ikhambi elinokuthula empikiswaneni yaseKashmir ngenkathi zikhuthaza ukuhwebelana nokubambisana kwezomnotho. 