<prompt> Qedela umusho olandelayo: Imiphumela engase ibe khona emvelweni yokukhiqizwa kukawoyela yaba sobala  <response>: Ukuchitheka kukawoyela e-Exxon Valdez ngo-1989. Ngo-March 24, ithangi i-Exxon Valdez lawela ogwini ePrince William Sound, lakhipha amalitha ayizigidi ezingu-11 kawoyela ongahluziwe emanzini, lasakazeka ogwini olungamakhilomitha angu-1.800. Ngokwe - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, okungenani izinyoni zasolwandle ezingu - 300 000, izinyoni ze - otter ezingu - 2 000, nezinye izilwane zasolwandle zafa ngenxa yokuchitheka kwamanzi. I-Exxon yachitha amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2 ekuhlanzeni ngonyaka wokuqala kuphela. I-Exxon, esebenza nezinhlangano zombuso nezikahulumeni, yaqhubeka nokuhlanza kuze kube sekuqaleni kwawo-1990. Ucwaningo lukahulumeni lubonisa ukuthi uwoyela kanye nenqubo yokuhlanza ngokwayo kwalimaza imvelo ye-Sound isikhathi eside, kwaphazamisa ukuzala kwezinyoni nezilwane ngezindlela ezingakaqondakali ngokugcwele. Kubonakala sengathi iPrince William Sound iye yalulama, kodwa ososayensi basaphikisana ngezinga lokululama. Esivumelwaneni somphakathi, i-Exxon yavuma ukukhokha amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-900 ngezinkokhelo eziyishumi zonyaka, kanye namanye amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-100 ngenxa yomonakalo osanda kutholakala. Ecaleni elibhekene ne-Exxon, ijaji lanikeza umonakalo wokujezisa wama-US 5 billion, kepha kusukela ngo-2008 akukho mali ekhokhiwe futhi ukuqulwa kwamacala okudluliswa kwamacala kuyaqhubeka. 