<prompt> I-University of Edinburgh yasungulwa njengekholeji yezomthetho isebenzisa ingxenye yefa elishiywe yi-University of St Andrews, uMbhishobhi uRobert Reid waseSt Magnus Cathedral, e-Orkney. Ngemizamo yoMkhandlu Wedolobha kanye noNgqongqoshe beDolobha lesi sikhungo sandise ububanzi futhi samiswa ngokusemthethweni njengekholeji yiRoyal Charter, enikezwe yiNkosi uJames VI waseScotland ngomhlaka 14 Ephreli 1582 ngemuva kwesicelo soMkhandlu. Lokhu bekungakaze kube khona eScotland entsha ye-Presbyterian, njengoba amanyuvesi amadala eScotland ayesungulwe nge-Papal bulls.  <response>: 1617 izinyanga 