<prompt> Bhala okuqhubekayo kwalesi sigaba - UbuSulumane baqala ukufika e-Urfa cishe ngo-638 AD, lapho lesi sifunda sinikezela ebuthweni likaRashidun ngaphandle kokumelana, futhi saba khona kakhulu ngaphansi kwama-Ayyubids bheka: Saladin Ayubbi, amaSeljuks. Ngo-1144, umbuso wamaCrusader wawela ku-General Zengui wase-Abassid waseTurkey, owabulala iningi lezakhamizi ezingamaKristu kanye nombhishobhi omkhulu waseLatin bheka Ukuvinjezelwa kwe-Edessa  <response>: futhi iMpi Yenkolo Yesibili eyalandela yahluleka ukuwuthatha kabusha lo muzi. Kamuva, i-Urfa yabuswa yiZengids, Ayyubids, Sultanate of Rum, Ilkhanids, Memluks, Akkoyunlu kanye neSafavids ngaphambi kokunqotshwa kwama-Ottoman ngo-1516. 