<prompt> Fingqa isihloko: UCharles Darwin ngokwakhe wazichaza ngokuthi izilwane eziyinqaba kunazo zonke ezake zatholakala futhi wayedidekile ngokuthi zazingavela kanjani. Manje ososayensi sebeyixazulule imfihlakalo yeminyaka engu-180 yemvelaphi yokuziphendukela kwemvelo yezilwane ezincelisayo zaseNingizimu Melika ezafa eminyakeni engu-10.000 edlule. Izilwane ezinamaphiko ezihlala ezwekazini - izilwane ezinamaphiko - ziye zadida izazi zezinto zakudala njengoba zinemikhuba efana neyamagundane, izindlovu namakamela. I-Macrauchenia patachonica enemilenze emine, eboniswe esithombeni somculi esingenhla, iye yabadida ososayensi kusukela kwatholakala izinsalela zalolu hlobo, olwaqothulwa eminyakeni engaba ngu-10.000 edlule, nguCharles Darwin eminyakeni engu-180 edlule. Kodwa manje, ngokuhlaziya amaprotheni agcinwe emathanjeni asephenduke amathambo, ososayensi baye bakwazi ukubonisa ukuthi lezi zilwane zihlobene kakhulu namahhashi anamuhla. Le ndlela abayisebenzisile ithembisa nokwembula ukwaziswa okusha ngezinye izinhlobo zezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo eseziqothulwe kudala. Amathambo ezinkawu zasendulo atholakala e-Amazon kungenzeka ukuthi ayizinkawu zokuqala ezasuka e-Afrika zawela i-Atlantic zafika eNingizimu Melika. Lokhu okutholakele kusikisela ukuthi izinkawu zafika okokuqala eNingizimu Melika cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyishumi ngaphambili kunalokho okwakucatshangwa ngaphambili. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi izimfene zokuqala zahamba zaya eNingizimu Melika, eyake yaba isiqhingi esihlukanisiwe ngaphambi kokuba ihlanganiswe neNyakatho Melika eminyakeni eyizigidi ezintathu edlule, zisuka e-Afrika ngemikhumbi yemvelo eyayihamba iwele i-Atlantic Ocean. La maqembu amabili ezilwane ezifuywayo abe eseguqukela kwenye indawo ukuze akhe imikhaya ehlukene yezilwane ezifuywayo. Nokho, ubufakazi bokuthi lolu hambo olumangalisayo lwenzeka nini buye babonakala buyivelakancane futhi imivubukulo endala kakhulu yenkawu eyatholakala eNew World yayineminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-26 ubudala eyatholakala eBolivia. Kodwa manje amazinyo afakwe emathunzini, atholakala ogwini lomfula engxenyeni ekude ye - Amazon ePeru, abhalwe ukuthi aneminyaka eyizigidi ezingu - 36 ubudala, asikisela ukuthi ukuwela e - Afrika kungenzeka kwenzeka esikhathini eside esidlule. Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwePerupithecus ucayalensis kwesobunxele eyayineminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-38 ubudala eyatholakala eNingizimu Melika kuboniswe ngenhla kanye nohlobo olwalusondelene kakhulu - iTalahpithecus parvus, leyo...  <response>: Abacwaningi babukeza izinsalela ezingu - 48 zezilwane ezinamaphiko ezivela eNingizimu Melika. Lezi zinhlobo - iToxodon plantensis neMacrauchenia patachonica - zatholakala okokuqala nguCharles Darwin e-Uruguay nase-Argentina eminyakeni engu-180 edlule. Izazi zezinto zakudala ziye zalwa kanzima ukuze zinqume ukuthi lezi zilwane ezibukeka zingajwayelekile zazihlobene kakhulu yini namagundane, amakamela noma izindlovu. Ososayensi baye basungula indlela entsha yokuhlaziya amaprotheni emathanjeni angadalula izixhumanisi phakathi kwezilwane esezife izigidi zeminyaka. Le nqubo ingabuyela emuva esikhathini esingaphezu kokuhlaziywa kwe-DNA yasendulo. Bathola ukuthi izilwane zaseNingizimu Melika ezaqothulwa zazihlobene namahhashi. Le nqubo entsha - ebizwa ngokuthi i - proteomics - ingashintsha umlando wezinto zakudala. 