<prompt> Fingqa isihloko: Umakhalekhukhwini ovamile uqukethe izakhi ezihlukahlukene ezingu-41 - futhi ngonyaka odlule nje kuphela kwathengiswa ama-handset angu-1.2 billion emhlabeni wonke. Lokhu kubangela ukungalingani phakathi kokunikezwa kwezinsimbi nezinsimbi kanye nokufunwa kwazo ngabathengi - umqondo obizwa ngokuthi ubunzima. Manje abacwaningi baye bahlola ukubaluleka kwazo zonke izakhi eziyisisekelo ezingama - 62 ezisesimisweni se - Periodic Table ukuze baveze ukuthi yiziphi ezisengozini enkulu nokuthi lokho kusho ukuthini emishinini yethu esikhathini eside esizayo. Abacwaningi baseYale University bahlola ubucayi bezinsimbi ezingu-62 ezisesilinganisweni se-Periodic Table. Bathola ukuthi okungenani ezingu-33 zalezi ezibonisiwe zisetshenziselwa amabhodi esekethe. I-Criticality ibheka ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezizoba nzima ukuzithola, ezizoba nezindleko eziphakeme kakhulu zemvelo nokuthi yiziphi ezingenakuphikwa. I-metal criticality ihlaziywa ngezindlela ezintathu - ubungozi bokunikezwa, ukuba sengozini kokunikezwa kokunikezwa VSR kanye nemithelela yezemvelo. Kalula nje, ingozi yokutholakala kwempahla ingamathuba okuthi impahla eluhlaza edingekayo iphele. I-VSR iyinkomba esetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuthi kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi into ethile ibe nomkhawulo ngokusekelwe ekutheni isetshenziswe kangakanani nokuthi iningi kangakanani. Lolu hlu lubheka imingcele ebekwa ekunikezelweni yizinkampani noma amazwe, ngokwesibonelo. I-metal criticality ihlaziywa ngezindlela ezintathu - ubungozi bokunikezwa, ukuba sengozini kokunikezwa kokunikezwa VSR kanye nemithelela yezemvelo. Kalula nje, ingozi yokunikezwa yikhona okungenzeka ukuthi impahla eluhlaza edingekayo ayitholakali. I-VSR iyinkomba esetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuthi kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi into ethile ibe nomkhawulo ngokusekelwe ekutheni isetshenziswe kangakanani nokuthi iningi kangakanani. Lolu hlu lubheka imingcele ebekwa ekunikezelweni yizinkampani noma amazwe, ngokwesibonelo. Futhi ngokuqondene nemvelo, abacwaningi bahlola izindleko zokumbiwa kwemithombo ethile, kanye nemithombo ngokwayo, emvelweni bese kuba namathuba okuthi lokhu kungaholela ekuvinjelweni. Ngokwesibonelo, umthofu wavinjelwa emikhiqizweni eminingi ngemva kokuba ohulumeni nezinkampani befunde ngezingozi zawo emvelweni futhi baqala ukuwenqabela...  <response>: Abacwaningi bahlolaukubalulekakwezinsimbi ezingu - 62 ezisesimisweni se - Periodic Table. I-Criticality ibheka ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezizoba nzima ukuzithola, ezizoba nezindleko eziphakeme kakhulu zemvelo nokuthi yiziphi ezingenakuphikwa. Leli phephandaba lathola ukuthi ukuhlinzekwa kwe-gallium, i-arsenic ne-selenium kuyingozi kakhulu. Lezi zinhlanganisela ziyadingeka kumabhodi wesifunda, amabhethri nokunye okuningi. 