<prompt> Bheka isigaba esingezansi bese uphendula umbuzo emva kwalokho ngolimi olufanayo nesigaba: Iphuzu: Umsebenzi kaBose emkhakheni we-microwave optics wawuhlose ngokuqondile ukutadisha imvelo yalesi simo futhi wawungewona umzamo wokuthuthukisa umsakazo ube yindlela yokuxhumana. Ukuhlolwa kwakhe kwenzeka phakathi nalesi sikhathi esifanayo kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-1894 kuqhubeke lapho uGuglielmo Marconi enza impumelelo ohlelweni lomsakazo olwenzelwe ngqo ucingo olungenantambo kanti abanye bathola izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo zamaza omsakazo, njengo-physicist waseRussia u-Alexander Stepanovich Popov umtshina womsakazo wesisekelo sombani, naye ophefumulelwe ukuhlolwa kukaLodge. Nakuba umsebenzi kaBose wawungahlobene nokuxhumana, yena, njengoLodge nabanye abacwaningi baselabhorethri, cishe waba nethonya kwabanye abasunguli ababezama ukuthuthukisa umsakazo njengendlela yokuxhumana. UBose wayengenaso isithakazelo sokuthola amalungelo obunikazi ngomsebenzi wakhe futhi wayembula obala ukusebenza komtshina wakhe we-galena crystal ezifundweni zakhe. Umngane wase-US wamncenga ukuba athathe ilungelo lobunikazi lase-US kumtshina wakhe kodwa akazange aluphishekele ngenkuthalo futhi walivumela ukuba liphelelwe yisikhathi. UBose wayengowokuqala ukusebenzisa ukuhlangana kwe-semiconductor ukuthola amagagasi omsakazo, futhi wasungula izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zama-microwave ezivamile manje. Ngo-1954, uPearson noBrattain banikeza uBose isikhundla sokusebenzisa i - semiconductor crystal njengenzwa yamaza omsakazo. Eqinisweni, umsebenzi oqhubekayo kuma-millimeter wavelengths cishe wawungekho eminyakeni engu-50 eyalandela. Ngo-1897, uBose wachazela iRoyal Institution yaseLondon ngocwaningo lwakhe olwenziwa eKalkata kuma-millimeter wavelengths. Wasebenzisa ama-waveguide, ama-antenna anezimpondo, ama-lens e-dielectric, ama-polarizer ahlukahlukene ngisho nama-semiconductor emabandleni aphakeme njenge-60 GHz;. Iningi lemishini yakhe yasekuqaleni lisekhona namanje, ikakhulukazi eBose Institute eKalkata. Umamukeli we-multi-beam ongu-1.3 mm osetshenziswa manje ku-NRAO 12 Metre Telescope, e-Arizona, e-US, ufaka imiqondo evela emaphepheni akhe okuqala ka-1897. USir Nevill Mott, owathola umklomelo weNobel ngo-1977 ngeminikelo yakhe ku-electronics e-solid-state, waphawula ukuthi uJ.C. Bose wayeneminyaka okungenani engu-60 ngaphambi kwesikhathi sakhe. Eqinisweni, wayenayo... Umbuzo: Yini ayeyilindele?  <response>: ukuba khona kwama-semiconductors ohlobo lwe-P nohlobo lwe-N 