<prompt> Bheka isigaba esingezansi bese uphendula umbuzo ngokulandelayo ngolimi olufanayo nesigaba: Isigaba: Umkhuhlane we-Pappataci ugcwele kakhulu endaweni eshisayo ye-Eastern Hemisphere phakathi kuka-20N no-45N, ikakhulukazi eNingizimu Yurophu, eNyakatho Afrika, eBalkans, eMpumalanga yeMedithera, e-Iraq, e-Iran, ePakistan, e-Afghanistan naseNdiya. Lesi sifo sidluliselwa ngokulunywa yizinambuzane ze-phlebotomine sandflies ze-Genus Phlebotomus, ikakhulukazi, i-Phlebotomus papatasi, i-Phlebotomus perniciosus kanye ne-Phlebotomus perfiliewi. I-Sandfly ithola igciwane lapho iluma umuntu onegciwane esikhathini esiphakathi kwamahora angama-48 ngaphambi kokuqala komkhuhlane namahora angama-24 ngemuva kokuphela komkhuhlane, futhi ihlala iguliswa impilo yayo yonke. Ngaphandle kwalokhu kudluliswa kwegciwane kusuka kumuntu kuya ku-sandfly, leli gciwane lingadluliselwa nge-transvariately, kusuka kwisinambu  <response>: ihlala iguliswa ukuphila kwayo konke 