<prompt> Bhala okuqhubekayo kwalesi sigaba - Kuye kwaba nezingxabano eziningana ezinkulu ze-cosmology kuwo wonke umlando we-cosmology. Enye yezinto zokuqala kwaba i-Copernican Revolution, eyasungula imodeli ye-heliocentric yohlelo lwelanga. Okwamuva kakhulu kwakuyiNgxoxo-mpikiswano Enkulu  <response>: Ngo - 1920, ngemva kwalokho kwaqalwa isimo seMilky Way njengenye yezinkanyezi eziningi ezisemkhathini. Kusukela ngo-1940 kuya ku-1960, umphakathi we-astrophysical wahlukaniswa ngokulinganayo phakathi kwabasekeli benkolelo-mbono ye-Big Bang kanye nabasekeli bomhlaba ozinzile; lokhu kwagcina kunqunywe ngenkolelo-mbono ye-Big Bang ngokuthuthuka kwe-cosmology yokubheka ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1960. Noma kunjalo, kwakusekhona abaphikisi abavelele benkolelo-mbono ye-Big Bang kuhlanganise noFred Hoyle, uJayant Narlikar, uHalton Arp, noHannes Alfvén, ababenemibono yezinkanyezi eyayingahlangene nalutho nocwaningo lwezinkanyezi. Abaphikisi abambalwa be-Big Bang abasasebenza namuhla bavame ukungazinaki ubufakazi obuqinisekisiwe obuvela ocwaningweni lwakamuva, futhi ngenxa yalokho, namuhla ama-cosmologies angavamile alahla i-Big Bang ngokuphelele awavamile ukushicilelwa ezincwadini zesayensi ezibuyekezwa ontanga kodwa avele ku-inthanethi ezincwadini eziseceleni nakumawebhusayithi angasese. 