<prompt> Fingqa isihloko: CNN Ukugenca ama-computer kwake kwaba yindawo yentsha enelukuluku lokwazi. Manje sekuyinkundla yezinhloli zikahulumeni, amasela angomakadebona namasosha anenhlanhla. Namuhla, konke kumayelana nemali. Yingakho abaduni baseChina bangena kuLockheed Martin futhi bantshontsha amapulani endiza yezindiza eyi-F-35 ebiza izigidigidi zamaRandi. Yingakho futhi abaduni baseRashiya beye bangena ngenkani ezinkampanini zamafutha negesi zaseNtshonalanga iminyaka eminingi. Izingozi nazo ziphakeme. Ngo-2010, abaduni bafaka ibhomu ledijithali kuyi-Nasdaq ecishe yacekela phansi imakethe yamasheya. Ngo-2012, i-Iran yacekela phansi amakhompyutha angu-30 000 e-Aramco, inkampani ekhiqiza uwoyela yaseSaudi Arabia. Futhi cabanga ngomonakalo omkhulu namanje ongadalulwanga ovela ekuhlaselweni kwe-cyber yaseNyakatho Korea eSony Pictures ngonyaka odlule. Ama-computer abhujiswa, ama-e-mail amahlazo abaphathi avezwa, futhi lonke isitudiyo samafilimu saphonswa enhlekeleleni. Kwakungeyona njalo le ndlela. Ukugenca empeleni kuneziqalo ezithile ezingenacala futhi ezingenabungozi. Umqondo ophelele wokugenca wavela eMassachusetts Institute of Technology cishe eminyakeni engu-50 edlule. Abafundi bezesayensi yamakhompyutha lapho babeboleke leli gama eqenjini labathandi bezitimela abayimodeli abagenca imizila yezitimela zikagesi nezixhumi ngo-1969 ukuze bathuthukise ukusebenza kwazo. Laba baduni abasha base beqala kakade ukuthola indlela yokuguqula izinhlelo zekhompyutha nezinsimbi ukuze ziyisheshise, ngisho nalapho ososayensi e-ATT Bell Labs babethuthukisa i-UNIX, enye yezinhlelo zokuqala ezinkulu zokusebenza emhlabeni. Ukugenca kwaba ubuciko bokuthola izixazululo ezihlukile. Kudinga ilukuluku elingapheli lokwazi ukuthi izinto zisebenza kanjani; abaduni babefuna ukwenza ubuchwepheshe busebenze kangcono, noma ngendlela ehlukile. Zazingeyona imvelo enhle noma embi, zazihlakaniphile nje kuphela. Ngalowo mqondo, isizukulwane sokuqala sabaduni bangempela sasingama-phreakers, iqembu lama-punks aseMelika ayedlala ngesistimu yezwe yocingo. Ngo-1971, bathola ukuthi uma ushaya ikhwelo ngethoni ethile ephakeme, engu-2600 hertz, ungakwazi ukufinyelela ohlelweni lwe-ATT lokuxhuma amabanga amade. Babeshaya izingcingo emazweni aphesheya, ukuze nje bazijabulise, ukuze bahlole indlela inethiwekhi yocingo eyakhiwe ngayo. Lokhu...  <response>: Umqondo wokugenca waqala cishe eminyakeni engu-50 edlule eMIT. Ngawo-1980, abaduni babefuna ukwenza ubuchwepheshe busebenze kangcono. Indaba yama-hacker asemancane angamashumi ayisishiyagalombili aboshwa yi-FBI ivela ku-cnn.comshortfilms. 