<prompt> Yikuphi kulokhu okulandelayo okutholakala ebusweni bamagciwane: ama-carbohydrate, ama-protease noma ama-peptide? Njengoba kunikezwe umbuzo odlule, bhala umongo onempendulo yawo. Kungaba imisho engu-1 kuya kwengu-20. Umongo:  <response>: Kubantu, le mpendulo isebenza ngokubopha kwe-complement kuma-antibody anamathele kulezi zinambuzane noma ukubopha kwamaprotheni e-complement kuma-carbohydrate asezingeni le-microbes. Lolu phawu lokuqaphela lubangela ukusabela okubulalayo okusheshayo. Isivinini sokuphendula siwumphumela wokukhuliswa kwesignali okwenzeka ngemva kokuvulwa kwe-proteolytic ngokulandelana kwamangqamuzana e-complement, nawo angama-protease. Ngemva kokuba amaprotheni e-complement esebophezelekile ekuqaleni kumgciwane, avula umsebenzi wawo we-protease, nawo ovula amanye ama-complement protease, njalonjalo. Lokhu kudala umjikelezo wokukhipha okhulisa isignali yokuqala ngokubuyisa okulawulwayo okuhleliwe. Umphumela walokhu kukhiqizwa kwama-peptide adonsa amangqamuzana omzimba, andise ukuvuleka kwemithambo yegazi, futhi ahlanganise agqoke ingaphezulu le-pathogen, ayibeke uphawu lokucekelwa phansi. Lokhu kubekwa kwe-complement kungabulala amangqamuzana ngokuqondile ngokuphazamisa ulwelwesi lwawo lwe-plasma. 