<prompt> Qedela le nkulumo elandelayo: Ngekhulu le-19, iBrithani yayiyisikhungo sokwanda okusheshayo kwamadolobha, futhi ngenxa yalokho, kwavela izinkinga eziningi zempilo nezokuhlanzeka, ngokwesibonelo ukuqubuka kwekholera nezifo eziwumshayabhuqe. Lokhu kwaphumela ekubeni iBrithani idlale indima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni impilo yomphakathi. Ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale ukuhlobana phakathi kwamanzi okuphuza angcolile nezifo, njengekholera nezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngamanzi, kwakusetshenziswa inkolelo-mbono ye-miasma ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqubuka kwalezi zifo. Umbono we - miasma uwumbono wokuthi izifo ezithile ziwumkhiqizo womoya omubi. Ukuhlola kukadokotela uJohn Snow e-United Kingdom ngesikhathi kuqubuka isifo sekholera ngo-1854 eBroad Street kwacacisa ukuhlobana phakathi kwezifo ezithathelwana ngamanzi namanzi okuphuza angcolile. Nakuba inkolelo-mbono yokuthi izifo zibangelwa amagciwane yayingakasungulwa, lokho ayekubonile kwamenza wenqaba inkolelo-mbono evamile yokuthi izifo zibangelwa ama-miasma. Indatshana yakhe yango-1855 ethi On the Mode of Communication of Cholera yabonisa ngokucacile indima yokunikezwa kwamanzi ekusakazeni ubhubhane lwekholera eSoho, kusetshenziswa ibalazwe lokusabalalisa amachashazi nobufakazi obungokwezibalo ukukhombisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwekhwalithi yomthombo wamanzi namacala ekholera. Phakathi nobhadane lwango-1854, waqoqa futhi wahlaziya imininingwane eqinisekisa ukuthi abantu abaphuza amanzi emithonjeni engcolisiwe njengamanzi  <response>: Amaphampu aseBroad Street afa ngenxa yekholera ngamanani aphakeme kakhulu kunalawo athola amanzi kwenye indawo. Imininingwane yakhe yakholisa umkhandlu wendawo ukuba ukhubaze iphampu yamanzi, okwaqeda ngokushesha ukuqubuka kwalesi sifo. 