<prompt> Qedela lo musho olandelayo: U-Emmanuel dAstier de la Vigerie wazalelwa eParis ngoJanuwari 6, 1900 futhi ngemva kokufunda esikoleni esiphakeme esizimele iSainte-Geneviève eVersailles, wajoyina i-École Navale isikolo sasolwandle saseFrance, esiphethe imfundo yezikhulu ze-French Navy ngo-1919. Eshiya isosha lasolwandle ngo-1931, u-dAstier waqala umsebenzi wobuntatheli, ebhalela i-Marianne ne-VU. Lapho kugqashuka iMpi Yezwe II ngo-1939, waqoqelwa ukusebenza esikhungweni se- centre de renseignements maritimes de Lorient English: isikhungo semininingwane yasolwandle saseLorient, enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeFrance kuze kube ukuwa kweFrance ngo-1940. Ukwenqaba  <response>: isivumelwano sokuthula neJalimane, waba ngumsunguli wenhlangano ye-Resistance English: the Last Column, eshicilela i-counter-propaganda ngokumelene nokubambisana neJalimane, futhi wasebenza njengomhleli wephephandaba i- La Montagne. Ngemva kokuba i-Last Column ibhujiswe ngokuboshwa ngo-1941, wacasha ngaphansi kwegama elithi Bernard. Ngo-1943, ngemuva kwemihlangano eLondon noCharles de Gaulle, naseWashington noMongameli wase-United States uRoosevelt, ukuqinisekisa ukwakhiwa nokuqashelwa kweFree French Forces, waphinde wavakashela eLondon njengoKhomishani Wezindaba Zezombusazwe le Directoire des Mouvements unis de Résistance English: the Directory of United Movements of Resistance. 