<prompt> Yini esiza ekwakheni ama-antibody okwelapha? Njengoba kunikezwe umbuzo odlule, bhala umongo onempendulo yawo. Kungaba imisho engu-1 kuya kwengu-20. Umongo:  <response>: Imithi emikhulu 500 Da ingase ibangele ukusabela okungathathi hlangothi kwamasosha omzimba, ikakhulukazi uma imithi isetshenziswa ngokuphindaphindiwe, noma ngemithamo emikhulu. Lokhu kunciphisa ukusebenza kwemithi esekelwe kuma-peptide namaprotheni amakhulu avame ukuba amakhulu kuno-6000 Da. Kwezinye izimo, lesi sidakamizwa ngokwaso asiwona ama-immunogenic, kodwa singase sinikezwe ngesikhathi esisodwa ne-immunogenic compound, njengoba ngezinye izikhathi kunjalo nge-Taxol. Kusetshenziswe izindlela zokubalwa ukuze kubikezelwe ukuthi ama-peptide namaprotheni ayasebenza kanjani emzimbeni, okuwusizo ngokukhethekile ekwakheni ama-antibody okwelapha, ekuhloleni ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuguquka kwamagciwane ezinhlayiyeni ze-virus, nasekuqinisekiseni ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa okusekelwe kuma-peptide okuhlongozwayo. Amasu okuqala ayencike kakhulu ekuboneni ukuthi ama-amino acid e-hydrophilic amelwe ngokweqile ezindaweni ze-epitope kunama-amino acid e-hydrophobic; kodwa-ke, intuthuko yakamuva incike kumasu okufunda ngomshini asebenzisa imininingwane yolwazi olukhona lwama-epitope, imvamisa kuma-protein e-virus afundwe kahle, njengesethi yokuqeqesha. Kuye kwasungulwa i-database etholakala emphakathini ukuze kubhalwe ama-epitope avela kumagciwane aziwa ngokuthi ayabonakala kumaseli e-B. Umkhakha osafufusa wezifundo ze-immunogenicity ezisekelwe ku-bioinformatics ubizwa ngokuthi i-immunoinformatics. I-Immunoproteomics iwukufundwa kwamaqoqo amakhulu amaprotheni ama-proteomics ahilelekile ekuphenduleni kwamasosha omzimba. 