<prompt> Qedela umusho olandelayo: Kwakunzima ngezikhulu zokuhlanza ukuba zibhale ngokugcwele umonakalo owawube khona emfuleni iSt. Lawrence. Kwenziwa umzamo wokunquma izinga lokufa kwezilwane zasendle. Ukubalwa kokushona kwezilwane kwakuhlanganisa izinyoni zasemanzini namadada angu-226 nezinyoni ezingu-508, izilwane ezincelisayo nezilwane eziphila olwandle nasemanzini. Amakhulu ezinyoni zasemanzini, amadada, ezinye izinyoni nezinhlanzi ezingenakubalwa alimala noma abulawa ukuchitheka kwamanzi. Kwakusetshenziswa amakhemikhali okuhlanza ugu, afana kakhulu nalawo ayesetshenziswa ngesikhathi  <response>: Ukuchitheka kukawoyela e-Exxon Valdez. Omakhelwane basebenza ngokubambisana nezisebenzi zikahulumeni, abafundi namavolontiya kazwelonke izinyanga eziningi. Ukuhlanzwa kukawoyela kwakwenziwa ngokuyinhloko ngokuzikhandla ngezandla, ngokusebenzisa amandla okuhlanza ugu nokusika ngesandla nokudonsa izimila ezingcolile ezingaphansi kwamanzi nezingamaxhaphozi. Ukuhlanzwa kwaqedwa ngo-October 22, 1976; ezinsukwini ezingu-122 ngemva kokuchitheka. Nokho, izindawo eziningi ezinokungcola kukawoyela azizange zihlanzwe futhi uwoyela washiywa ukuba ubola ngokwemvelo. I-United States yathi isebenzise u-8,062,981 ukuhlanza amanzi ayo futhi yabuyisela iCanada imali, ngokuhambisana nesivumelwano sokuphatha se-768,265 esetshenzisiwe. 