<prompt> Qedela umusho olandelayo: Izincwadi ezasePortugal nasezweni elalizogcina liyiPortugal kusukela ngekhulu lesi-8 kuya kwele-12 zazinombhalo wamaVisigoth; kusukela maphakathi nekhulu le-12 kuqhubeke, cishe ikhulu leminyaka, zazinombhalo omncane wamaCarolingian, kamuva kwaba nombhalo wamaGoth. Kusukela ngo-1385 kuqhubeke, okungukuthi, ngemva kokubekwa kukaJohn I esihlalweni sobukhosi kwaqeda  <response>: I-Interregnum yesiPutukezi, kunoshintsho olukhulu ngesitayela sokubhala semibhalo ekhishwe yiRoyal Chancery: lo mbhalo omusha oqale wabizwa ngokuthi umbhalo kaJohannine yi-paleographer unethonya lemibhalo yesiFulentshi neyesiGothic. 