<prompt> Bhala ukuqhubeka kwalesi sigaba - Ngemva kokuzamazama komhlaba okubhubhisayo eLisbon  <response>: 1 Novemba 1755, okwenzeka emashumini eminyaka ngemva kokushicilelwa kwe- Essais de Théodicée sur la bonté de Dieu, la liberté de lhomme et lorigine du mal 1710, ukuthembela kukaLeibniz kwefilosofi kanye ne-theodicy kwabangela ukugxekwa okukhulu kokubili kozakwabo abafilosofi be-Enlightenment kanye nezazi zemfundiso yenkolo yobuKristu. Abagxeki bakaLeibniz, abanjengoVoltaire, baphikisa ngokuthi izwe liqukethe ukuhlupheka okukhulu kakhulu ukuba kungenza umuntu abe nethemba. Nakuba uLeibniz ayethi ukuhlupheka kuhle ngoba kuvusa intando yomuntu, abagxeki bathi izinga lokuhlupheka likhulu kakhulu ukuba lingalungisa inkolelo yokuthi uNkulunkulu wadala okuhle kunakho konke okungenzeka emhlabeni. ULeibniz ukhuluma ngalokhu kukhathazeka ngokucabangela lokho uNkulunkulu afuna kwenzeke intando yakhe yangaphambili nalokho uNkulunkulu avumela ukuba kwenzeke intando yakhe elandelayo. Abanye, njengesazi sefilosofi esingumKristu u-Alvin Plantinga, bagxeka i-theodicy kaLeibniz ngokuphikisa ukuthi cishe ayikho into efana nokuhle kuwo wonke umhlaba ongaba khona, ngoba umuntu angahlala ekwazi ukucabanga ngomhlaba ongcono, njengezwe elinomuntu oyedwa olungile ngokokuziphatha. 