<prompt> Yini eye yenza inqubo ye-photosynthesis yaba lula? Njengoba kunikezwe umbuzo odlule, bhala umongo onempendulo yawo. Kungaba imisho engu-1 kuya kwengu-20. Umongo:  <response>: I-photorespiration ingenzeka lapho umoya-mpilo uphakeme kakhulu. URubisco akakwazi ukuhlukanisa kahle phakathi komoya-mpilo ne-carbon dioxide, ngakho-ke angangeza ngephutha i-O2 esikhundleni se-CO2 ku-RuBP. Le nqubo inciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-photosynthesis - idla i-ATP nomoya-mpilo, ikhiphe i-CO2, futhi ayikhiqizi ushukela. Ingase ichithe isigamu sekhabhoni ebekwe umjikelezo kaCalvin. Kunezinqubo eziningana eziye zavela ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene eziphakamisa ukugxila kwe-carbon dioxide kuqhathaniswa nomoya-mpilo ngaphakathi kwe-chloroplast, okwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-photosynthesis. Lezi zinqubo zibizwa ngokuthi izinqubo zokugxilisa i-carbon dioxide, noma i-CCM. Lezi zihlanganisa i - Crassulacean acid metabolism, i - C4 carbon fixation, nama - pyrenoid. Ama-chloroplasts ezitshalweni ze-C4 ayaphawuleka ngoba abonisa i-chloroplast dimorphism ehlukile. 