<prompt> Bhala okuqhubekayo kwalesi sigaba - Ngenxa yenani elikhulu likawoyela othuthwayo, amathangi kawoyela anamuhla kumelwe abhekwe njengasongelayo imvelo. Ithangi likaphethiloli lingathwala uwoyela ongahluziwe, noma. Lokhu kungaphezu kokuphindwe kasithupha kwenani elachitheka esenzakalweni esaziwa kabanzi esithi Exxon Valdez  <response>: . futhi. Kulokhu kuchitheka, umkhumbi wabhajwa futhi kwachitheka uwoyela olwandle ngo-March 1989. Naphezu kwemizamo yososayensi, abaphathi, namavolontiya, kwafa izinyoni zasolwandle ezingaphezu kuka - 400.000, izinyoni zasolwandle ezingaba ngu - 1 000, nenqwaba yezinhlanzi. 