<prompt> Bheka isigaba esingezansi bese uphendula umbuzo emva kwalokho ngolimi olufanayo nesigaba: I-Passage: iyimethrikhi yesikhala nesikhathi. Izixazululo ze-isotropic ne-homogeneous zalezi zixazululo ezithuthukisiwe, izixazululo ze-FriedmannLemaîtreRobertsonWalker, zivumela izazi ze-physics ukuba zenze imodeli yendawo yonke eye yavela eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-14 edlule kusukela esigabeni esishisayo, sokuqala se-Big Bang. Lapho sekunqunywe inani elincane lamapharamitha ngokwesibonelo ubukhulu bendaba emkhathini ngokubheka izinkanyezi, kungasetshenziswa eminye imininingwane yokubuka ukuze kuhlolwe amamodeli. Izibikezelo, zonke eziphumelelayo, zihlanganisa ubuningi bokuqala bezakhi zamakhemikhali ezakhiwa enkathini ye-nucleosynthesis yasekuqaleni, isakhiwo esikhulu sendawo yonke, nokuba khona kanye nezimfanelo zomsindo oshisayo ovela endaweni yonke yasekuqaleni, imisebe yangemuva yendawo yonke. Ukubonwa kwezinkanyezi ngesilinganiso sokwanda kwe-cosmological kuvumela inani eliphelele lezinto ezikhona endaweni yonke ukuba lilinganiswe, nakuba uhlobo lwaleyo ndaba luhlala luyimfihlakalo ngokwengxenye. Cishe u-90 wazo zonke izinto kubonakala sengathi ziyizinto ezimnyama, ezinesisindo noma, ngokufanayo, ithonya lokudonsela phansi, kodwa azihlangani ngogesi futhi, ngakho-ke, azikwazi ukubonwa ngokuqondile. Ayikho incazelo evame ukwamukelwa yalolu hlobo olusha lwento, ngaphakathi kohlaka lwezifundo zezinhlayiyana ezaziwayo noma ngenye indlela. Ubufakazi bokubuka obuvela ekuhlolweni kwe-redshift yama-supernova akude kanye nokulinganiswa kwemisebe yasemuva ye-cosmic kubuye kubonise ukuthi ukuvela kwendawo yonke yethu kuthonywa kakhulu yi-cosmological constant okuholela ekusheshisweni kokunwetshwa kwendawo yonke noma, ngokufanayo, ngohlobo lwamandla anokulingana okungajwayelekile kwesimo, okwaziwa njengamandla amnyama, uhlobo lwawo oluhlala lungacaci. Isigaba sokukhuphuka, isigaba esingeziwe sokunwetshwa okusheshiswe kakhulu ngezikhathi ze-cosmic cishe imizuzwana eyi-10-33, kwaqagelwa ngo-1980 ukuchaza ukubonwa okuningana okungaqondakali okwakungachaziwe ngamamodeli we-cosmological yakudala, njengokufana okucishe kube okuphelele kwemisebe yasemuva ye-cosmic. Ukulinganiswa kwamuva nje kwemisebe yasemuva ye-cosmic kuye kwaholela... Umbuzo: Luhlobo luni lwamandla adonsela phansi adinga impendulo enegunya?  <response>: amandla adonsela phansi 