<prompt> Iyiphi inkolelo-mbono eyavela kamuva, eye-electromagnetic noma eye-QED? Njengoba kunikezwe umbuzo odlule, bhala umongo onempendulo yawo. Kungaba imisho engu-1 kuya kwengu-20. Umongo:  <response>: Nokho, ukuzama ukuvumelanisa inkolelo-mbono ye-electromagnetic nokubona okubili, umphumela we-photoelectric, nokungabikho kwenhlekelele ye-ultraviolet, kwabonakala kuyinkinga. Ngokusebenza kochwepheshe abaphambili bezemvelo, kwasungulwa inkolelo - mbono entsha ye - electromagnetism kusetshenziswa i - quantum mechanics. Lolu shintsho lokugcina emfundisweni ye-electromagnetic ekugcineni lwaholela ku-quantum electrodynamics noma i-QED, echaza ngokugcwele zonke izenzakalo ze-electromagnetic njengokuxhumana kwama-waveparticles aziwa ngokuthi ama-photons. Ku-QED, ama-photon ayizinhlayiya eziyisisekelo zokushintshana, ezichaza konke ukuxhumana okuhlobene ne-electromagnetism kufaka phakathi amandla kagesi. Qaphela 4 