<prompt> Qedela umusho olandelayo: UbuSulumane baqala ukufika e-Urfa cishe ngo-638 AD, lapho lesi sifunda sinikezela ebuthweni likaRashidun ngaphandle kokumelana, futhi saba khona kakhulu ngaphansi kwama-Ayyubids bheka: Saladin Ayubbi, amaSeljuks. Ngo-1144, umbuso wamaCrusader wawela ku-General Abassid waseTurkey uZengui, owabulala iningi lezakhamizi ezingamaKristu kanye nombhishobhi omkhulu waseLatin bheka  <response>: Ukuvinjezelwa kwe-Edessa kanye ne-Second Crusade eyalandela yehluleka ukubuyisa idolobha. Kamuva, i-Urfa yabuswa yiZengids, Ayyubids, Sultanate of Rum, Ilkhanids, Memluks, Akkoyunlu kanye neSafavids ngaphambi kokunqotshwa kwama-Ottoman ngo-1516. 