<prompt> Fingqa isihloko: Abacwaningi baxwayisa ngokuthi izingane ezinikwa ukuphuza iwayini labazali bazo emaphathini nasezenzweni zokuzijabulisa cishe ziyoqala ukuphuza lapho seziphakathi neminyaka eyishumi nambili. Abacwaningi baxwayisa ngokuthi izingane ezinikwa ukuphuza iwayini labazali bazo emaphathini nasezenzweni zokuzijabulisa cishe ziyoqala ukuphuza lapho seziphakathi neminyaka eyishumi nambili. Ucwaningo luye lwathola ukuthi labo ababephuze utshwala beneminyaka engu-11 ubudala babenamathuba aphindwe kahlanu okuba baphuze iwayini eligcwele phakathi neminyaka embalwa, futhi babenamathuba aphindwe kane okuba badle ngokweqile noma badakwe kunontanga ababengakaze banambithe utshwala besebancane. Lolu cwaningo lwenziwa eU.S., lapho, ngokusho kwabacwaningi, abanye abazali bezama ukunciphisa ukuheha kokuphuza utshwala ngokulandela imodeli yaseYurophu yokwethula izingane ezincane utshwala ngaphansi kokuqondiswa ekhaya. Umcwaningi oholayo uKristina Jackson, waseBrown University eRhode Island, wathi: Ucwaningo lwethu lunikeza ubufakazi obuphambene nalokhu. Ucwaningo lwangaphambili lusikisela ukuthi isimo sengqondo sabazali singesinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ezihilelekile lapho intsha iqala ukuphuza. Ucwaningo olwenziwa ezinganeni zesikole zaseBrithani lwathola ukuthi ukubukela ukuphuza ekhaya nokubona abazali bazo bedakwa kwandisa ingozi yokuba izingane ziphuze utshwala lapho zineminyaka engu-13. Kulolu cwaningo lwaseMelika, abafundi besikole samabanga aphansi abangu-561 baseRhode Island bahlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile iminyaka emithathu. Ekuqaleni kwebanga lesithupha - cishe lapho beneminyaka engu-11 - cishe amaphesenti angu-30 abafundi athi ake aphuza utshwala. Ezimweni eziningi, abazali babo babewanikeza - ngokuvamile emcimbini noma kwesinye isenzakalo esikhethekile. Ngesikhathi abafundi befinyelela eminyakeni engu-14 nengu-15, oyedwa kwabane abaphuza utshwala kusenesikhathi wathi wayesephuze utshwala obuningi, uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti ayisithupha alabo ababengazange baphuze. Cishe oyedwa kwabayishumi kulabo abaqala ukuphuza utshwala wayephuze ngokweqile noma edakiwe - uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abangaphansi kwamaphesenti amabili abangaphuzi utshwala, kusho umbiko we - Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. Abacwaningi bachaza izici eziningana ezinomthelela ekuphuzeni kwabangaphansi kweminyaka yobudala, kuhlanganise nemikhuba yabazali yokuphuza kanye nomlando wokuluthwa utshwala, kanye nokuthambekela kwabantwana...  <response>: Abacwaningi baseMelika bathi abanye abazali bafundisa izingane zabo utshwala zisencane. Umqondo uwukunciphisa ukubukeka kwayo njengokungavumelekile ngokulandela imodeli yaseYurophu Ucwaningo lwaseBrithani luthi izingane zivame ukuphuza uma zibona abazali bazo bedakiwe. 