<prompt> Fingqa isihloko: Kusukela ephunga lekhofi elisha kuya ephunga elibi lezitimela ezihamba ngaphansi komhlaba, iNew York inenhlanganisela yayo enephunga elimnandi. Nakuba ngezinye izikhathi le ngxube ingaba namandla, emuva ekhulwini le - 19, iphunga edolobheni lalicwebezela kakhulu futhi lihlala isikhathi eside kunanamuhla. Ngakho-ke, iziphathimandla zezempilo ngaleso sikhathi zanquma ukwenza amabalazwe ezinukuthelo ukuze zibonise izindawo ezinamakha avela ezindaweni ezinjengezindawo zokuhlanza uwoyela, izindawo zokulungisa amafutha, izindawo zokuhlatshwa nezindawo zegesi. Ngo-19th Century. Abantu baseNew York baqala ukukhononda kwiBhodi Yezempilo ngephunga elibi kakhulu, elibi kakhulu, elibi kakhulu, nelibi kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, izimboni eziningi ezinuka kabi kakhulu zagcina eBrooklyn, kanti indawo yezimboni ishiya uphawu lwayo lapho namuhla. Isibonelo, indawo yaseNewtown Creek emngceleni weBrooklyn neQueens isalokhu iyindawo yesikhungo sokuhlanza indle. Manje i-CityLab ithole elinye lala makhadi omlando kusukela ngo-1870 elibonisa izindawo zezimboni ezahlukene eManhattan naseBrooklyn, njengoba lezi zifunda ezinhlanu zazingakahlanganiswa. Kodwa kwakungebona nje kuphela iphunga lezimboni elalibangela izinkinga kubantu baseNew York. Lemephu yakhiqizwa ngesikhathi iNew York ikhula ngendlela engakaze ibonwe. Phakathi nawo-1860 kanye nawo-1870, kwakhiwa izakhiwo ezintsha ezingu-2 000 unyaka ngamunye, njengoba ukufuduka kwabantu kwakufinyelela ku-200 000 kuya ku-300 000 ngonyaka. Ukwanda kwenani labantu kwakusho ukwanda kwemfucumfucu. Izindawo zokugeza zomphakathi, imithombo yokuphuza, nezindlu zangasese zakhiwa kuphela ngo-1897, futhi izimpukane zazigcwele emigwaqweni. Ngenxa yalokho, izakhamuzi zaseNew York zaqala ukukhononda kuMkhandlu Wezempilo ngephunga elikhungathekisayo, elibi, elinukayo, nelimbi kakhulu,. Ekhulwini le - 19, kwakukholelwa ukuthi la maphunga amabi ayethwala izifo, ngakho iNew York City Metropolitan Board of Health yenza ibalazwe ukuze kugqanyiswe izindawo ezithintekile. Ukuzama ukubonisa amaphunga, angekho ngokoqobo - angabonakali, awashintshashintshi, ahlala eshintsha - kuwumsebenzi wezamasiko othakazelisa ngempela, kusho uMelanie Kiechle, isazi-mlando saseVirginia Tech University etshela...  <response>: Ekhulwini le - 19 leminyaka, kwakukholelwa ukuthi iphunga elibi elivela ezimbonini ezinjengezindawo zokuhlatshwa kwezilwane lalingadlulisela izifo. Amanye amabhizinisi, njengezitshalo zokuhlanza indle, agcina eseBrooklyn ukuze agcine iphunga lingafiki eManhattan. Imimoya yayisaqhubeka ithwala iphunga elibi lisuka eBrooklyn liya eManhattan, okubangela izinkinga phakathi kwabalawuli kuzo zombili lezi zifunda. 