<prompt> Fingqa isihloko: Ukuphila eMhlabeni kungenzeka kwaqala ngochungechunge lwezimo zamakhemikhali ezabangelwa izinto ezimbili ezilula kodwa ezinobuthi ezaziningi kule planethi yethu eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezine edlule. Ososayensi bamakhemikhali bathi kungenzeka ekugcineni sebeyixazululile imfihlakalo yokuthi ukuphila kwaqala kanjani eMhlabeni. Baye bathola ukuthi kungenzeka ukudala izakhi ezintathu eziyinhloko zokuphila - i - DNA, amaprotheni nama - lipid - nge - hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen sulphide nangokukhanya kwe - ultraviolet. Ukushayisana kwama - meteorite, njengalesi esisemfanekisweni ongenhla, kungenzeka kwabangela ukwakheka kwe - hydrogen cyanide ososayensi abaye bathola ukuthi ingadala izakhi ezintathu eziyisisekelo zokukhanya ekuphenduleni okuqhutshwa ukukhanya kwelanga. Okutholakele kusikisela ukuthi izakhi eziyisisekelo zamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo kungenzeka zonke zavela ngasikhathi sinye emachibini nasemifudlaneni yasendulo, zahlangana zakha amangqamuzana okuqala. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ukuphila kwaqala lapha eMhlabeni - kusuka kumhluzi onobuthi wegesi enobuthi - kunokuba kulethe iplanethi yethu nge-comet noma nge-meteorite evela emkhathini. I - RNA imelela i - ribonucleic acid. Ingenye yama-molecule amathathu abalulekile abalulekile kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokuphila ezaziwayo - kanye namaprotheni namafutha. I - RNA yakhiwa izintambo zama - nucleic acid, okuyizinto ezifanayo ezakha i - DNA. Ulwazi lwezakhi zofuzo esitokisini lusuka ku - DNA luye ku - RNA luye kumaprotheni. I-DNA ibhekwa njengohlaka lweseli futhi i-RNA iyona esiza ekulihumusheni. Ezinye izinto eziphilayo, njengamagciwane, zisebenzisa i-RNA kuphela futhi kucatshangwa ukuthi ezinye zezinto eziphilayo zokuqala emhlabeni zazisebenzisa le molekyuli. Amaprotheni abhekwa njengamahhashi asebenzayo ekwakheni iseli akhiwe ngezindandatho zama-amino acid. Lezi zifeza ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okwenzeka ngaphakathi engqamuzaneni futhi zenza ukuphila kuqhubeke. Ama-lipid ama-molecule anamafutha ahlangana ngendlela engadala ama-vesicle avikelayo. Zakha izindonga zomngcwabo wawo wonke amangqamuzana aphilayo futhi ziwanike isakhiwo. Zibalulekile futhi ekuthumeleni izimpawu ngaphandle kweseli. Kodwa abacwaningi abenza lolu cwaningo olusha bathi le meteorite...  <response>: Ososayensi bakha izakhi zokuqala ze-RNA, amaprotheni nama-lipid ekuphenduleni okuyisisekelo. Ukuhlola kwabo kwasebenzisa i - hydrogen cyanide, i - hydrogen sulphide nokukhanya kwe - ultraviolet. La makhemikhali ayeyoba maningi eMhlabeni eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezine edlule. I-hydrogen cyanide kungenzeka ukuthi yadalwa imfucumfucu ye-meteorite ephenduka ne-nitrogen esemkhathini womhlaba ngesikhathi kunezingxabano eziphindaphindiwe emkhathini. Igesi i-hydrogen sulphide cishe yakhishwa ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo. Lolu cwaningo lwenziwa osokhemisi baseLebhorethri Yezokwelapha Yezokwelapha eCambridge. 