<prompt> Qedela le nkulumo elandelayo: Umbuso WaseByzantium waphinde walawula ngo-1031, nakuba ungahlalanga isikhathi eside ngaphansi kokubusa kwawo futhi washintsha izandla izikhathi eziningana ngaphambi kokuphela kwekhulu leminyaka. Isifundazwe sase-Edessa, esinye sezifundazwe ze-Crusader esasungulwa ngemuva kokuphumelela kwe-First Crusade, sasigxile edolobheni, ama-crusaders ayethathe idolobha kumaSeljuks. Lesi sifunda sasinda kwaze kwaba ngu-1144.  <response>: Ukuvinjezelwa kwe-Edessa, lapho u-Imad al-Din Zengi, umsunguli wobukhosi beZengid, athatha khona umuzi futhi, ngokusho kukaMathewu wase-Edessa, wabulala abaningi base-Edessene. Izwe lozalo lwamaZengid aseTurkey ekugcineni lahlanganiswa noMbuso Wase-Ottoman ngo-1517 ngemuva kweMpi ka-1514 yaseChaldeiran. 