 Nguva kubva muna 3000 BCE yave ichinzi nguva yeMleiha uye nguva yekupedzisira yePamberi peIslam, uye inotevera kubva pakuparara kweumambo hwePersia hwaDarius III. Kunyange zvazvo nhambo yacho yakanzi yechiHellenistic, yaAlexander Mukurukukunda kwake hakuna kupfuurira kupfuura Persia uye akasiya Arabia isina kubatwa. 