 Nyorai kupfuurira kweiyi ndima - Russia yakapfuurira kukura kwayo kwenharaunda mukati mezana ramakore rechi 17, iro rakanga riri zera ravaCossacks. Muna 1648, varimi veUkraine vakabatana neZaporozhian Cossacks mukupandukira Poland-Lithuania panguva yeKhmelnytsky Uprising mukupindura kudzvinyirirwa kwevanhu uye kwechitendero kwavakanga vachitambura pasi pehutongi hwePoland. Muna 1654, mutungamiri weUkraine, Bohdan Khmelnytsky, akazvipira kuisa Ukraine pasi pekudzivirirwa kweRussian Tsar, Aleksey I. Kugamuchirwa kwaAleksey kwechipo ichi kwakatungamira kune imwe Hondo yeRussia nePoland. Pakupedzisira, Ukraine yakakamurwa ichitevedza Rwizi rweDnieper, ichisiya rutivi rwokumadokero, rwizi rworudyi rweUkraine, pasi pokutonga kwePoland uye rutivi rwokumabvazuva Rwizi rworuboshwe rweUkraine neKiev pasi pokutonga kweRussia. Gare gare, muna 1670-71, Don Cossacks inotungamirirwa naStenka Razin yakatanga kumukira kukuru muVolga Region, asi mauto aTsar akabudirira mukukunda vapanduki. 