 Ramba uchinyora ndima iyi - MuIndia akatungamirira chirongwa chokugadzira mepu chainyanya kutaura nezvezvikamu zvinotakura marasha. Chikwata chenyanzvi dzokuongorora ivhu chakawana zvinhu zvinokosha. Henry Benedict Medlicott akagadzira shoko rokuti Gondwana Series muna 1872. Mwanakomana mukuru waOldham Richard Dixon Oldham akasiyanisa mhando nhatu dzedzvinyiriro dzinogadzirwa nokudengenyeka kwenyika: zvino dzinozivikanwa seP compressional, S shear, uye L Love -waves, zvichibva pakucherechedza kwake kwakaitwa mushure meGreat Assam Earthquake ya1897. Muna 1906 Richard akaratidza nzira dzinosvika nadzo mafungu uye akataura kuti pakati penyika paiva nemvura. Mwanakomana wake muduku Henry akava muverengi wezvenyika paKings College, Cambridge. 