 Nyorai kupfuurira kweiyi ndima - Chiitiko chaMorrison muna 1837 uye nhau dzekukundwa kweChina mukati meHondo yeOpiumkwakatungamirira shogunate kubvisa mutemo wokuuraya vanhu vokune dzimwe nyika, uye panzvimbo pezvo kugamuchira Mutemo Wokupa Huni Nemvura. Mutongi wacho akatangawo kusimbisa kudzivirira kwemhenderekedzo dzegungwa kwenyika. VaJapan vazhinji vakaziva kuti nzira dzetsika dzakanga dzisingakwanisi kudzivisa kumwe kupinda, uye zivo yokumadokero yakashandiswa kupfurikidza navaDutch paDejima kusimbisa mano eJapan kudzivisa vatorwa; pfuti dzomunda, zvombo zvehondo, uye zvombo zvinopfura zvakawanikwa, uye kudzivirira kwemahombekombe kwakasimbiswa. Kuedza kwakawanda kuvhura Japan kwakaguma mukukundikana, muchidimbu kurwisa kweJapan, kusvikira kumavambo ema1850. 