 Nyorai mberi kweiyi ndima - Mushure mekukundwa kwevanopandukira muBaltics, Anvelt akaenda pasi pevhu, achiramba achishanda semupanduki, achibuda semumwe wevatungamiriri ve1924 Estonian coup détat kuyedza. Muna 1925, Anvelt akasvika muUSSR, muna 192629 achishanda semutungamiri wezvematongerwe enyika weZhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy. Kubva muna 1929 kusvika muna 1935 akashanda munzvimbo dzakakwirira dzevatungamiriri vehurumende. Mukati menguva kubva muna 1935 kusvika muna 1937 Anvelt akashanda senhengo uye munyori mukuru wedhipatimendi mukati meComintern. 