 Marina Ottaway anokurukura kuparara kweUmambo hweAustria-Hungary neOttoman Empire muna 1918, British India muna 1947, kuparara kweSoviet Unionmuna 1991, kuparara kwehurumende yevachena yokuSouth Africa muna 1993, kweCzechoslovakia gore rakatevera racho, uye kweYugoslavia. Harold Perkin anoona kumhanyisa kwokuparara... zana remakore rechi20 rakaona kuparara kwemadzimambo makuru manomwe: Umambo hweChina, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Turkey, umambo hweJapan, umambo hweBritain, uye Russia, kaviri. Uyezve, zana ramakore rechi20 rakaona kuparara kweumambo hweFrance nePortugal. 