 Ramba uchinyora ndima iyi - Nzira dzokutumira mafaksimile dzemifananidzo yakamira dzakatanga nzira dzokuongorora mifananidzo nenzira dzomuzana remakore rechi19. Alexander Bain akatanga muchina wefax pakati pa1843 na1846. Frederick Bakewell akaratidzira shanduro inoshanda murabhoritari muna 1851. Willoughby Smith akawana photoconductivity yechinhu chinonzi selenium muna 1873. Somudzidzi weyunivhesiti weGermany ane makore 23, Paul Julius Gottlieb Nipkow akakarakadza ndokugadzira chinyorwa cheNipkow muna 1884. Iri rakanga riri dhisiki rinotenderera rine mufananidzo wetsinga yemakomba mariri, naizvozvo buri rimwe nerimwe rakaongorora mutsetse womufananidzo wacho. Kunyange zvazvo asina kumbovaka muenzaniso unoshanda wegadziriro yacho, misiyano yemufananidzo rasterizer yaNipkow inoshandura-dhisiki yakava inozivikanwa zvikuru. Constantin Perskyi akanga agadzira shoko rokuti terevhizheni mupepa rakaverengwa kuInternational Electricity Congress paInternational World FairmuParis musi wa24 August 1900. Pepa raPerskyi rakadzokorora unyanzvi hwokugadzira magetsi huripo, richitaura nezvebasa raNipkow nevamwe. Zvisinei, kwakanga kusati kuri kutozosvikira muna 1907 apo kuvandudzwa kworuzivo rwetubhu rwekusimbisa kwakaitwa naLee de Forest naArthur Korn, pakati pevamwe, kwakaita kuti kugadzirwa kwacho kuve kunoshanda. 