 This study aims to investigate the effect of the warm ischaemia time and pneumoperitoneum on kidney injury by measuring biomarkers of acute kidney injury which are found in blood and urine to establish if there is a significant difference between robotic and open surgery. The study will also investigate the potential benefits of minimally invasive surgery on the surgical trauma associated with open surgery by assessing the surgical stress response and wound healing between groups of kidney transplant patients receiving either open or minimally invasive kidney transplants. Wound healing will also be compared with patients undergoing a different minimally invasive surgical technique laparoscopic donor nephrectomy as they will have a similar incision. 