 The Nurses Health Study II NHS II is a prospective cohort established in 1989 that includes 116,671 female registered U.S. nurses, aged 24-44 at baseline. Mailed questionnaires were administered biennially to collect data on medical and lifestyle factors, with a follow-up rate exceeding 90 for each 2-year cycle. Comprehensive food frequency questionnaires FFQs were distributed every four years to collect data on dietary intake. 