 Plan: The purpose of the proposed application is to evaluate the relative effectiveness of four forms of hearing-aid orientation provided to first time hearing-aid users, three of which use some of the aforementioned strategies to enhance the standard of care. The four forms of orientation will be: 1 the standard-of-care hearing-aid orientation; 2 the standard of care plus provision a hearing-aid information guide HAIG 3 the standard of care supplemented by an explanation of its content using the talk-back technique to confirm patient understanding; and 4 the standard of care plus provision of a take-home hearing-aid orientation DVD HAO DVD. The content of the HAIG will be field tested and finalized following input obtained via focus groups with clinical audiologists and first-time hearing aid users. 