 Dynamic contrast-enhanced DCE - magnetic resonance imaging MRI, diffusion-weighted DW-MRI, and fludeoxyglucose - positron emission tomography - computed tomography FDG-PET-CT are three modalities that generate non-invasive, functional images of tumors and normal tissues based on physiologic properties including perfusion, vascular permeability and glucose metabolism. Demonstrating that these parameters are associated with clinical outcome, either efficacy or toxicity, could enhance the ability to select patients for different treatment strategies and improve the therapeutic ratio. 