 HPV DNA prevalence: HPV samples will be obtained by rubbing a moist cotton swab on glans penis including sulcus coronarius and underneath preputium, the penile shaft, scrotum and perineum following a loosening of the cells with a nail file. This procedure is adapted from the Merck male clinical studies. We have previously documented that this technique is useful for obtaining HPV samples among men Morré et al., 2000; Morré et al., 2002; Kjær et al. 2005, and most recently, we have included more than 2,500 men from Danish military barracks in a study assessing the presence of HPV DNA and HPV type distribution in Danish men. The HPV samples from the Tanzanian men will be sent with currier to Prof. Iftners laboratory in Germany where they will be tested for HPV by means of the Hybrid Capture 2 HC2 method Digene, low-risk and high-risk probes. 