 Why is gluten a key factor? Animal models have proven that hydrolyzed diet and gluten-free diet reduces the incidence of diabetes substantially 3-5. Gluten consists of glutenin and gliadin. Incomplete degradation of gluten irritates the intestinal mucosa, resulting in an unspecific subclinical inflammation. Compared with conventional foods, a gluten-free diet increases the number of regulatory T cells in Peyers patches in the gut 6. Gluten is also known to affect the composition of the intestinal microflora 7. A gluten-rich diet has been shown to modify the balance between pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines in T cells 8 Rats have gut dysfunction and increased gut-permeability, the same is found in pre-T1D humans 9, and the probable mechanism is that gliadin increases the gut hormone zonulin, which again increases the gut permeability 10. Enterovirus also increases the gut permeability 11. The consequences of this can be an increased uptake of bacterial toxins such as lipopolysaccharides, and incompletely degraded gliadin passing through the gut barrier. Gliadin has been found in maternal breast milk in healthy mothers. The gliadin must be transported by the blood, which means that organs with a relatively high blood flow, such as the islets of Langerhans, could also be exposed to gliadin and may actually accumulate gliadin. Gluten affect the micro flora in the gut 12. It has been demonstrated that human microbiota can be transplanted into germ-free mice and transfer host phenotypes personalized gnotobiotics. Human studies have indicated that the introduction of wheat in the diet before the age of four months increases the risk of beta-cell auto-immunity by up to four times 13;14.Two human intervention studies of individuals with a high risk of developing diabetes who were treated with a gluten-free diet over six or 12 months showed no impact on diabetes auto-immunity 15 or diabetes incidence 16, but they did show increased insulin sensitivity during the period with gluten-free diet. The intervention may have been too short to affect autoimmunity. 