 Patients with hematological malignancies developed neutropenia after chemotherapy. We checked the serum level of sTREM-1 in patients with neutropenic fever. Those patients were classified to 2 groups: documented infection or low likelihood of infection. Their sTREM-1 level was measured and was compared with other biomarker such as CRP and procalcitonin. The value of sTREM-1 for diagnosis of infection in patients with neutropenic fever was thus evaluated. 