 - Fluid resuscitation is required to increase or maintain intravascular volume that is in addition to maintenance fluids, enteral and parenteral nutrition, blood products and specific replacement fluids to replace ongoing insensible or fluid losses from other sites e.g., fistula losses from the gastrointestinal tract, urinary losses from diabetes insipidus or the polyuric phase of acute renal failure or to correct metabolic derangements. 