 24 participants, comprising 6 parents and their preschool-aged child with a cochlear implant CI; n12 and 6 parents and their preschool-aged child with a hearing aid HA; n12 will be identified and recruited at routine clinic visits through university-affiliated hearing clinics. A dyad will consist of the child and his or her primary caregiver. Eligible participants will include children with clinically elevated behavior problems, as determined by having scored between the 70th and 90th percentiles on the Child Behavioral Checklist1.5-5 CBCL1.5-5. 