 Because of the genetic and traditional commonalities between the underlying causes of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases CVD and cancers, we hypothesized that patients with atherosclerotic CVD may have a high incidence of cancers when compared with those with non-atherosclerotic CVD. To address this hypothesis, we investigated longitudinal clinical outcomes in a total of 32,095 consecutive patients with CVD enrolled in the Sakakibara Health Integrative Profile SHIP cohort study which was launched in 2006 for the purpose of improving healthy life expectancy in patients with CVD in our institute. 