 Nearly fifty years have passed since Burke et al first demonstrated in animal model the reduction of infection rates in contaminated skin incisions with administration of antibiotic prophylaxis. Further research in the area confirmed the benefit of prophylactic antibiotics in human subjects. Patients who develop surgical infections are 60 more likely to spend time in intensive care unit, five times more likely to be readmitted to the hospital, and have twice the mortality rate compared to patients without infections. As a result the potential health care costs are staggering. Recently, the National Surgical Infection Prevention Project endorsed the recommendation that antibiotic prophylaxis should be administered within 60 minutes before skin incision. This model has been universally accepted in all surgical fields with the exception of obstetrics. 