 Specific Aim 3: Measure the differential effects of IR and lipid metabolism on peripheral mononuclear cell PBMC inflammatory response and the associated hepatocyte mitochondrial ultrastructure and measures of oxidative stress. Since increased oxidative stress and bioenergetic failure have been associated with hepatic steatosis, this aim will address whether IR andor steatosis results in impaired inflammatory response and increased oxidative stress as compared to controls. Changes in innate immune response will be determined by measuring inflammatory indices thought to correlate with obesity, IR, andor chronic hepatitis: 1 interleukins IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18 2 C-reactive protein, 3 TNF-a and TGF-B 4 IFN-A IFN-g, and 5 adiponectin. Changes in oxidative stress will be determined by measuring key indices of oxidative stress and damage. These include, a reduced and oxidized glutathione GSH and GSSG; oxidationreduction status, b malondialdehyde MDA;lipid peroxidation, c nitrotyrosine NO damage, and d 8OHdG and 8OHG DNA damage. 