 0284 CSP 130911 v1.4.docx 8 parameters to be assessed already at the diagnosis of the disease in order to analyze early organ damage of the arteries 4. The measurement of pulse wave velocity, pulse wave analysis, central aortic systolic pressure and pulse pressure are tools to detect early vascular changes in the large arteries related to a faster wave reflection in the arterial tree 5. Wall to lumen ratio of retinal arteries, retinal capillary flow and flow mediated vasodilation are tools to detect changes in the microvascular circulation 6. These parameters are only infrequently measured in studies with type 2 diabetes, mainly due to lack of awareness that the vascular changes are the key prognostic factor in type-2 diabetes that ultimately determine the fate of the patient. 