 In young people, TBI is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. TBI is a frequent sequelae of accidental injury in the USA with approximately 2.5 million people affected per year, approximately 10 of whom requiring extended hospitalization, often in an intensive care unit. Around 275,000 15.1 of hospital admissions and 52,000 deaths in the USA each year are due to TBI. Those that survive the initial insult invariably face prolonged stays in a neurologic intensive care unit ICU, possible neurosurgical intervention, and prolonged period of post-acute supportive care. In the US, it is estimated that 5.3 million individuals are living with long-term disability as a result of TBI. 