 In high transmission areas, where a major proportion of deaths and severe morbidity from malaria occurs during the first year of life, intermittent preventive treatment for infants IPTi could make a major contribution to reducing the burden of malaria as a whole. However, in many areas in Africa, where mortality and morbidity from malaria in children under five years of age is very high and the burden of malaria is not predominantly in infants, IPTi, even if highly effective, would have only a limited impact on the overall burden of malaria in children. 