 Intra-arterial infusion of BK increases vascular release of F2- isoprostanes, markers of oxidative stress, BK infusions also increase net release of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 IL-6. Preliminary data raise the possibility that activation of the endogenous kallikrein-kinin system during dialysis could promote inflammation in individuals with chronic kidney disease who are treated with an ACE inhibitor. 