 One possible candidate for an effective and affordable treatment for TD is eicosapentaenoic acid EPA, an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid obtained from marine and plant sources. In addition to the evidence suggesting that EPA may improve the symptoms of schizophrenia when combined with standard antipsychotic treatment, there is also reason to believe that EPA may have a role in the treatment of TD. An open study in 20 hospitalised subjects with chronic schizophrenia reported a significant inverse correlation between dietary EPA and severity of TD. Treatment of these subjects with a standard EPA-rich marine oil for 6 weeks resulted in significant improvement in TD. We recently completed a 12-week randomised, double-blind study with ethyl-EPA 3gday versus placebo as add-on to standard antipsychotic treatment, in forty subjects with chronic, refractory schizophrenia submitted for publication. While there were no differences between the groups for the changes in the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale ESRS for parkinsonism, dystonia or akathisia scores, the ethyl-EPA group showed a significantly greater reduction in ESRS dyskinesia scores at 12 weeks p0.008. This result is potentially of great importance. Given the chronic nature of illness in our sample, most of these dyskinetic symptoms are likely to have been due to TD. This same study also reported a significant advantage for the ethyl-EPA group in terms of overall symptom reduction PANSS total p0.03, and analysis of co-variance indicated an association between PANSS total score reduction and ESRS dyskinesia score reduction. 