 As a result, several groups of investigators worldwide began evaluating the feasibility and safety of observing PTMC without surgery. Rather than offering immediate surgery, well selected patients with low-risk PTMC i.e. no extrathyroidal extension, nodal and distant metastases were followed with regular ultrasound USG alone and only proceeded to definitive to surgery when the PTMC showed progression. As expected, 90 PTMCs did not progress and of those who progressed and had surgery, all were cured. This meant even when the initial surgery was deferred, there was no compromise in the chance of cure. 