 Research Associates approached patients whose triage note indicated an extremity injury, extremity pain, if the Research Associate observed a physical indication of extremity injury, or if a provider identified a patient who was potentially eligible for the study. Eligible patients were asked to sign informed consent. Data were collected from patients at the time of the physicians examination of the patient baseline and at discharge. At discharge the treating physician was asked to rate the patients pain when heshe first examined the patient. If the physicians shift ended before the patient was discharged heshe was asked to rate the patients initial pain before leaving the ED. 