 First subjects will be interviewed to collect data on their condition and status, as well as to screen for inclusionexclusion criteria. see Appendix 1 for data collection sheet. The subjects will then be asked to complete 3 questionnaires: the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the Modified Oswestry Disability Index, and the Nijmegen Questionnaire Appendix 2, 3, and 4 respectively. These questionnaires should take less than 5 minutes each to complete. Prior to beginning physical data collection, subjects will be informed to immediately stop any activity that causes significant discomfort or increased symptoms during the testing session. Then, subjects will be asked to breath forcefully into the Micro MPM Micro Medical Ltd, Chatham, UK device in order to collect MEP. This will be repeated 3-5 times with a 1 minute rest in between each trial. They will then be asked to place the TIRE device in their mouth and breathe in forcefully and sustain the breath for as long as possible in order to collect MIP and SMIP data. This process will also be repeated 3-5 times. Finally, the subjects will be fitted with the Cosmed K4b2 and Respitrace systems; these devices will be described in detail later. The k4b2 consists of a rubber mask with a light nylon vest to measure breath by breath gas analysis, and the Respitrace consists of merely 2 soft chest straps to measure heart rate variability and chest excursion with breathing. The subjects will then lie in the supine position for 5 minutes, sit quietly for 5 minutes, and stand quietly for 5 minutes in order to gather baseline data in each of these positions. The first 2 minutes in each position will be used as an accommodation period and data will not be recorded. Thus data analysis will only consist of the data from the final 3 minutes in each of these positions. 