 Cesarean delivery has been shown to be the most important risk factor for post-partum maternal infection. In fact, women undergoing cesarean delivery have a five to twenty-fold greater risk for developing infection compared to those undergoing vaginal delivery. Recent review by Cochrane Database found that there is an inconsistent and variable application of current recommendations in regard to appropriate timing, administration and choice of drug used for antibiotic prophylaxis at the time of cesarean delivery. Cesarean section holds a unique position amongst all the surgical procedures as being the only one where prophylactic antibiotics are administered after the incision is made. The concern for intrapartum fetal exposure of prophylactic antibiotics suppressing microbial growth and thereby masking neonatal sepsis led to a tradition of delaying antibiotic administration until umbilical cord clamping. While a recent study demonstrated that antibiotic levels do indeed reach therapeutic levels within cord blood very quickly after administration to the mother, no adverse outcomes to the newborns have ever been documented as a result. To date only four studies have looked at the timing of prophylactic administration at the time of cesarean section. 