 Failure analysis of ventricular function; History of chemotherapy or radiotherapy; Previous symptoms of heart failure; Presence of cardiomyopathy; Presence of Coronary Artery Disease; Aortic valve disease or moderate to severe mitral regurgitation; Contraindication to the use of β-blocker; Use of inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme, angiotensin receptor blockers or β-blockers. 