 The American Society of Nephrology, the National Kidney Foundation, and the American Association of Kidney Patients produce treatment guidelines based on effectiveness and safety proven through clinical trials. In the UK, NKRF and MRC have built databases on cardiovascular complications of chronic renal disease and outcomes with different treatment methods. Industrialized countries including the US, the UK, and Japan develop their standard treatment guidelines by thoroughly investigating etiology, progression, treatment, and cardiovascular complications and comparing effectiveness of known treatments. 