 The diffusely reflected amplitude of the modulated wave carries both optical property absorption, fluorescence, scattering and depth information. Specifically, the sampling depth of the spatially modulated wave is a function of the frequency of illumination and the tissue optical properties. This shares many analogies to the broadband frequency-domain photon migration FDPM approach. 12, 13 Consequently, measurement of multiple spatial frequencies periodicities allows MI to perform two functions. First, use of a wide range of frequency patterns allows depth-selective imaging and thus tomography of the internal 3D tissue structure. Secondly, it can rapidly and quantitatively map optical absorption, fluorescence yield, and scattering coefficients in near-real time, with high resolution and over a wide field-of-view. 