 Impaired glucose tolerance or mild glucose elevations in the non-diabetic range are associated with increased cardiovascular disease and recent studies suggested the need to detect these glucose abnormalities early in the post-infarction period. Although in the last ten years procedures of coronary revascularisation have dramatically improved the outcome of non diabetic patients affected by ischemic heart disease, these procedures are less effective in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and IGT. Possible causes of worse prognosis in these patients could be related to the presence of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance due to the well known effect of insulin to increase neointimal tissue proliferation and in-stent restenosis, by stimulating vascular smooth muscle cell growth factors and migration. In addition, it is well known that endothelial dysfunction is an early functional disturbance in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. The impairment of eNOS action might change the turnover rate of eNOS or nitric oxide production and action influencing nitric oxide signalling, apoptosis cascade and angiogenesis. All these factors can contribute to endothelial dysfunction to a certain extent, and accelerate atherosclerosis with increased risk for cardiovascular disease. 