 Pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, effective management strategies for treatment-resistant depression are limited and yet to be developed. However, nursing interventions focusing on adherence enhancement, symptom reduction, and stress management may be strategic for a better disease management. This study aims to define the rarely-studied concept of TRD under the cultural context of Taiwan and to identify new feasible treatment model from nursing perspectives. The project will establish important basis on the descriptions of psychosocial features and need assessment of people with TRD under experienced psychiatric team validation, and also build up a cultural-specific non-pharmacological intervention module for effective TRD management in Taiwan. The nursing model of TRD management will promote the development of integrative depression care in the future and complement current modalities, while providing important evidence-based information for further research and services. 