 There is a strong causal association between persisting genital tract infection with Human Papilloma Virus HPV and gradual progression of infection to cervical mouth of uterus cancer.The robust study from India have shown that single round of HPV DNA screening test to significantly reduce the cervical cancer mortality. The above findings are very encouraging since it demonstrates that a simple and reliable HPV DNA test which is now available in low income countries has a potential to be accepted as primary screening test in future. 