 1. Dissociative Experiences Scale DES Bernstein Putnam: this will be administered in session 1, to screen patients who dissociate, since EMDR is found to be ineffective with patients who dissociate as they are unable to attend to the unpleasant thought. Patients scoring 30 and above will be excluded from this study. Although a formal dissociate measure is not routinely use, therapists will often use their clinical judgement to determine if someone is dissociating. 