 Patients had resectable or partially resectable malignant glioma and received injection of AdV-tk into remaining tumor or tumor bed after resection. Pathologic confirmation of malignant glioma must be made prior to AdV-tk injection; if this was not possible, the injection was not performed and the subject was no longer eligible for the study. The oral prodrug, valacyclovir, started 1-3 days after AdV-tk injection and continued for 14 days. Standard radiotherapy began on average 7 days after AdV-tk injection for the up-front course. Patients received temozolomide as per standard of care after completion of prodrug. 