 Hypocalcemia is one of the most frequent complications of total thyroidectomy, a procedure used for benign as well as malignant conditions of the thyroid gland. Postoperative hypocalcemia is usually caused by hypoparathyroidism. Vitamin D is implicated in calcium metabolism as it increases intestinal calcium transport and regulates parathormone production. Aim of the present study is to evaluate preoperative vitamin D levels as a prognostic factor for postoperative hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism. 