 Many soldiers returning from their recent service in Operation Iraqi FreedomOperation Enduring Freedom OIFOEF were exposed to blasts during combat. About 60 of blast-injured soldiers are diagnosed with traumatic brain injury TBI, with approximately 18 having a mild TBI mTBI. mTBI is associated with many symptoms, including memory problems, headaches, difficulty concentrating, increased anxiety, and, especially relevant here, reports of difficulty understanding speech in noisy environments andor when people speak rapidly. While problems understanding rapid speech or speech in noise are associated with hearing loss, many of the OIFOEF veterans with these complaints have clinically normal hearing. Although there is no physical damage to their ears, these veterans hearing problems have a negative impact on their quality-of-life and functioning. Thus it is incumbent upon the VA to examine intervention approaches for veterans with normalnear-normal auditory sensitivity and significant complaints of difficulty hearing. Currently, there is no standard-of-care for these veterans other than providing information about hearing, hearing conservation, and the use of communication strategies. Two forms of rehabilitation likely to be more effective than such an informational-counseling approach are: 1 the use of personal miniaturized Frequency modulation FM systems, and 2 the provision of auditory training with Posit Science Brain Fitness Program BFP. Personal FM systems increase the loudness of the speech signal relative to that of the unwanted noise, while the BFP training improves the ability to listen by taking advantage of the brains ability to change i.e., neural plasticity. In this study veterans will randomly be selected to receive one of four treatments: 1 FM use alone, 2 BFP training alone, 3 FMBFP training combined, and 4 informational-counseling. The effectiveness of the interventions will be compared using self-report of hearing functioning on standard questionnaires. Results will contribute to the development of evidence-based intervention approaches for blast-exposed veterans with reported functional hearing difficulties and normalnear-normal auditory sensitivity. 