 Artemether-lumefantrine is currently the first line treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Uganda and several countries in sub Saharan Africa. Currently the recommended dose regimens for children, the most vulnerable population are still empirically weight based derivations based on mainly clinical experience from studies done among adults. Yet children are physiologically different from adults. In particular lumefantrine, a long acting agent ensuring radical cure is highly lipophilic, and has variable oral bioavailability. High variability of lumefantrine uptake and its long half life render it liable to selection pressure if sub-therapeutic concentrations prevail for long periods. Recommended milk or high fat diet to improve its bioavailability may not be available in resource limited settings. In Mwebaza et al ., 2013, our health volunteer crossover bioavailability study preceding the planned patients study, lumefantrine exposure was comparable in milk and maize porridge plus oil study groups. Whereas both fasted and maize porridge groups demonstrated similarly much lower ranges of lumefantrine exposures relative to milk. The greatly improved absorption is attributed to the little fat used to fortify maize porridge. We believe that findings in healthy adult volunteers are relevant for vulnerable African children treated with AL for P. falciparum malaria but this needs to be confirmed. 