 The malaria vector Anopheles gambiae s.s. is predominant in Muleba region 80 and shows high level resistance to pyrethroid insecticides and DDT mortality no higher than 40.. with Following two rounds of bendiocarb IRS in January and May 2012, resistance is fast emerging. WHO resistance tests with bendiocarb showed mosquito survival rates rising from 18 in November 2011 to 23 in May 2012 and to 69 in November 2012 Protopopoff unpublished. The kdr-eastern variant was present in homozygous form in 97 of An.gambiae s.s. but was absent in An.arabiensis. 