 It is a prospective randomized phase III clinical trial sponsored by Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital with other eight hospitals in China participating in. 264 patients with locally advanced resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinomacT3-4aN0-1M0 are recruited and randomly assigned into the neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy group NCRT group and the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group NCT group according to the proportion of 1:1.The safety,efficacy of protocols and prognosis of patients are compared between the two regimens. 