 The subjects will be recruited from the pool of the patients seen in the Aesthetic and Plastic Surgery Institute clinics, as well as patients initially seen as in-patient consultations by the Plastic Surgery Service. Patients requiring reconstructive surgery using either a pedicle or free tissue transfer flaps will be identified. Patients requiring emergency reconstructive surgery after acute trauma will be excluded from the study as a matter of patient safety. The location and type of tissue transfer flaps enrolled will be dependent on the patient mix that presents during the study enrolment period. After explaining the nature, rationale, objectives, benefits, and risks of the study to the patients, they will be asked to consent to the study. 