 One of the main challenges in the treatment of Bipolar Disorder BD is to achieve better functioning outcomes after syndromal recovery. Available treatments are reasonably effective in reducing acute symptoms, but many times the syndromal recovery is not accompanied by the restoration of functioning capabilities. This is particularly true for bipolar depression, which is responsible for most of the burden associated with BD. Even treatment-responsive patients, who remain symptomatically well for extended periods of time, frequently demonstrate sub-threshold symptoms and continuing psychosocial morbidity and cognitive impairment. The cognitive impairment that persists during interepisode periods stands out as a major correlate of functional impairment, and may be a core aspect of the BD pathophysiology. Beyond that, cognitive impairment worsens with cumulative episodes. 