 Traditional interventions for lower extremity claudication include technologies invented in the first half of the 20th century including surgical bypass; and those invented in the second half of the twentieth century, including balloon angioplasty and stenting. These interventions have substantial shortcomings. It is, however, relevant to note that endovascular aka endoluminal or endovascular surgery is becoming increasingly popular and gaining wide-spread support from vascular interventionalist societies wordwide. 