 2 INTRAOPERATIVE PHASE. The day of the operation the patient will be randomized to one of two groups, Treatment or Standard of Care see below. Vital functions will be recorded once the patient is in the operating room, before induction of anesthesia, and throughout the entire duration of the surgical procedure and anesthesia up to extubation or transport to the post-operative intensive care unit. Parameters recorded will include blood pressure either invasive or non-invasive, depending on clinical need, heart rate, peripheral saturation of oxygen, end-tidal concentration of carbon dioxide, ventilator parameters, drugs and fluid administered, fluid balance and blood loss. Additional measurements will be performed when available: non-invasive cardiac output NexfinPulsioflex, Edwards Lifesciences, non-invasive cerebral oximetry through near-infrared spectroscopy INVOS, Covidien and depth of anesthesia through bispectral index BIS measurement Bispectral Index Technology, Covidien. 