 In a series of studies gemcitabine was combined with other chemotherapeutic agents or targeted therapies. For the first time, the PA.03 study showed a significant improvement of overall survival. Patients who were treated with gemcitabine plus erlotinib had a survival of 6.24 months, compared with 5.91 months for those treated with gemcitabine plus placebo HR 0.82, 95 CI 0.69-0.99, p0.038. The one-year-survival rate was 23 for gemcitabine plus erlotinib vs. 17 for gemcitabine plus placebo. 