 According to the National Eye Institute U.S. National Institutes of Health, retinopathy of prematurity affects approximately 50 of preterm infants that are born weighing 1250 g or less. While 90 of infants with retinopathy of prematurity ROP experience the milder form of the disease, which requires little or no medical treatment, severe ROP can lead to serious visual impairments or even blindness. This condition is of particular interest since Hylander et al. Hylander et al 2001 have reported that human milk feeding of preterm infants 1500 g birth weight has been associated with a lower incidence of ROP and this association was proposed to be driven by the antioxidant content of human milk. Human milk provides a variety of antioxidants to the breastfed infant, including the carotenoids lutein, zeaxanthin, lycopene, and beta-carotene. As discussed earlier, lutein and zeaxanthin are concentrated to the eye and are thought to provide protection against both light-induced and metabolic oxidative damage. 