 Patients are traditionally kept Nulla-Per-OsNil-By-Mouth NPONBM for 4-6 hours prior to cardiac procedures including: diagnostic coronary angiograms, right heart catheters, percutaneous coronary interventions and device therapies to minimize the risk of vomiting and pulmonary aspiration during sedation or general anesthesia. The risk of developing pulmonary aspiration is 0.0015 following emergency coronary artery bypass CABG surgery in patients without pre-procedural fasting. There is currently no data available regarding the risk of aspiration during cardiac angiographic interventions, but the risk is likely lower than that of emergency CABG. Currently no North-American or European guidelines require patients to be fasted before cardiac procedures. 