 Erythropoietin can improve the refractory autoimmune encephalitis. Erythropoietin has tissue-protective effect via activation of Janus kinase JAK-2, signal transducer and activator of transcription STAT-5 pathway and NF-kappa B pathway. The activation of JAK-2 and STAT-5 promote hemoglobin synthesis and facilitate cell cycle progression. Also, NF-kappa B pathway inhibition regulates pro-inflammatory cytokine production. 