 Patients will then undergo a pelvic exam by a gynecologist followed by placement of a weighted speculum into the vagina. Forceps or tenaculum will then be used to grasp the posterior lip of the cervix and the cervico-vaginal junction identified. A uterine manipulator will be placed into the uterus to allow manipulation of the uterus. A 10 mm incision will be made though the posterior vaginal wall 1 cm from the cervix. The patient will then be placed into deep Trendelenburg positioning. A 10mm trocar will be placed against the posterior vaginal fornix creating a point of pressure on the pelvic peritoneum visible by laparoscopy. This point will be in the midline of posterior fornix between the utero-sacral ligaments. The weighted speculum will be removed and gently steady pressure will be applied to the vaginal trocar until entry into the posterior cul-de-sac is directly visualized by the laparoscope. Alternatively, the colpotomy will be performed without using a trocar, under direct vision. One of two Olympus flexible scopes will be used. An 8.7 mm sterile Olympus flexible single channel gastroscope can be placed though the vaginal port. A 2 channel scope requires removal ofthe10 mm vaginal port and placement of the 2 channel scope over a wire. All scope insertions will be observed under laparoscopy for safety. 