 This is a 3-year project and will enroll 160 eligible volunteers who are to randomized into group A and B 80 in each. During the next 48 weeks group A and B will receive metforminpioglitazone and metforminlinagliptin respectively. Blood sugar, renal, and liver functions will be examined every 12 weeks. Calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D level, and bone turnover markers N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, serum C- telopeptide, type 5 tartrate resistant acid phosphatase TRAP, pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline crosslinks will be checked each 6 months. 