 TUDCA inhibits mitochondrial-associated apoptosis via many pathways: 1 it inhibits the mitochondrial permeability transition MPT and cytochrome C release, 2 it inhibits mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and 3 it antagonizes Bax translocation from the mitochondria and caspase activation in hepatocytes and brain. TUDCA may also ease oxidative stress.Study relevant TUDCA pharmacology consists in its antioxidant, antiapoptotic and neuroprotective activities evidenced in preclinical studies. 