 Clinic and patient records and log books will be reviewed and the following clinical information will be extracted: vital signs especially the temperature, clinical signs and symptoms, blood slide and haematocrit result and findings of physical examination anaemia, jaundice, liver, spleen etc. As a routine, these data were recorded on the clinic patient record and malaria smear microscopy logbook accordingly which will be regarded as the source documents in this analysis. These source documents will be reviewed and stored specimen will be analysed after getting the permission from the Director of Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, the University of Oxford Tropical Research Ethical Committee OxTRECand the Faculty of Tropical Medicine Ethics Committee FTMEC. These data will be extracted and transcribed into the case record forms and entered into Microsoft access. During the data extraction, the unique ID will be assigned to each patient whereas the patients name will neither be entered into database nor disclosed in the analysis process ie: the data will be anonymised. 