 The oxidative stress and inflammatory state is known to contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and is predictive of cardiovascular events and mortality rates in the general population and patients with chronic kidney disease CKD, particularly in patients with end stage renal disease ESRD on dialysis therapy 1. Increased oxidative stress and inflammation has been identified in all stages of CKD, ranging from moderate renal insufficiency to ESRD. However, the pathophysiology of increased oxidative stress and inflammation associated with the development of CKD is currently poorly understood. 