 Sunshine Heart, Inc has proposed C-PulseTM, a novel ambulatory, non-obligatory, non-blood contacting extra-ascending aortic counterpulsation system. The C-PulseTM System is designed to be implanted without the need for cardiopulmonary bypass or extensive dissection, to be able to be activated immediately, to augment heart function in a safe manner and to provide sustained relief from heart failure symptoms. It can be turned off safely, and similarly, in failure modes, is considered to have an associated low risk of death or disability, other than the recurrence of heart failure symptoms. C-PulseTM is not an alternative to the heart, it is an augmentation device, and it does not preclude the use of therapies that provide full circulatory support such as heart transplantation or LVADs. 