 In the T1408 study we enrolled patients with newly diagnosed lymphoma who were HBsAg - and anti-HBc and were to receive rituximab-CHOP cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone-based chemotherapy. Key findings of this study included 1 HBV reactivation, defined as a greater than 10-fold increase in HBV DNA compared with previous nadir levels, occurred to 10-20 of patients, depending on the sensitivity of the HBV DNA tests; 2 no HBV-related death with the prompt anti-viral therapy upon HBV reactivation; 3 patients with HBV reactivation were associated with poorer progression-free survival and overall survival; 4 serological breakthrough i.e., re-appearance of HBsAg is an important predictor of HBV-related hepatitis flare. 