 Despite improvements in tobacco control, the prevalence of Tobacco Dependence TD remains high at 27 among Veterans and 21 among the general U.S. population 46 million U.S. adults. Both co-morbid substance use and menthol cigarette preference are important issues contributing to greater severity of TD. Among smokers, a lifetime history of substance usedependence is common and approximately 33 of all smokers use primarily menthol cigarettes, meaning that roughly 9 of Veterans smoke menthols. In addition to menthol cigarette usage being prevalent among Veterans, this problem is likely to worsen over time, because recent military deployments increase the chances of smoking initiation and marketing of menthol cigarettes is aimed at roughly the age group that comprises the active military. 