 An approach called ARNI Action for Rehabilitation from Neurological Injury attempts to address these concerns; it was created specifically for people with stroke and acquired brain injury who wish to continue their functional recovery.ARNI is not a rigidly-defined programme but a set of principles and strategies tailored to individual circumstances and contexts. It is led by registered exercise professionals who have been additionally trained and accredited by the ARNI institute In the UK, the NHS, Local Authorities and other organisations are using ARNI trainers to provide community-based training for stroke survivors. Our survey of this training included Northeast England, Lancashire, Luton and Bedfordshire, Milton Keynes, Hillingdon and Cornwall. The survey found that training has been very positively received by stroke survivors, their families and clinicians but it varied in content and delivery. Reports of benefits by the broadcaster Andrew Marr have also increased public awareness of ARNI. However the evidence for ARNI remains largely anecdotal, it may only work for a selected few and the approach is difficult to replicate. There is a need for a more detailed cohesive specification of ARNI that could be rigorously evaluated and replicated. Furthermore a stroke survivor participating in our Institutions research question generation process asked if ARNI worked but as yet there have been no randomised controlled trials RCTs of this intervention. Thus we have followed the Medical Research Councils framework for the development and evaluation of complex interventions and undertaken five linked preliminary studies: 1 a survey of current ARNI provision in the UK; 2 a comparison of the ARNI approach with relevant stroke practice guidelines, 3 before-and-after studies of both group-based and 4 one-to-one training and 5 focus groups conducted with our participants. From this work we have designed a programme called ReTrain Rehabilitation Training which is based on core ARNI principles and informed by best practice guidelines for stroke. Before undertaking a large definitive RCT of ReTrain a pilot study is needed to address issues of feasibility and acceptability. 