 Overview of Experimental Design: This is a placebo-controlled, double-masked and randomized trial. The overall study design is outlined in Figure 1, timeline and hypothetical duration of the proposed protocol related activities are illustrated in Table 1. To allow scheduling of the sample collection, storage and assay with the number of hired field attendants and lab facilities that will be available, we plan to enter approximately five pregnant mothers per week into this study in the first three-month period of the study Table 1. Informed written consent will be obtained from the mothers. Sixty-six pregnant women will be randomized to receive either weekly 10,000 IU vitamin A or placebo corn oil capsules and blood will be collected for serum vitamin A assessment. Randomization will be stratified by three clinics using balanced block design. This weekly supplementation will continue until 6 months postpartum. The supplementing vitamin A dose to be used in this study is similar to the doses used weekly among pregnant women in other studies Semba et al., 1999; Cox et al., 2006 and shown to be safe. Field workers will deliver the supplements to mothers, in person and will directly observe their consumption. At 26-28 weeks of gestation, all mothers will receive inactivated, trivalent influenza virus vaccine GlaxoSmithKline; Dresden, Germany. Standard inactivated trivalent influenza AH3N2, AH1N1, and B strains as recommended by WHO for the Northern Hemisphere will be obtained from commercial sources for this project. Study physician will administer the vaccine intramuscularly. At delivery, cord blood and colostrum will be collected for Influenza specific IgG and sIgA assessment respectively as well as vitamin A concentration. Birth weight and length of the newborn babies will also be recorded. At 6-month, breast milk will be collected for vitamin A and influenza virus specific sIgA assessment and venous blood 2-3 ml from infants 6 mo of age will be obtained for vitamin A and influenza virus specific IgG assessment as well as infants nasal washings for influenza virus specific sIgA assessment. Our proposed study will not hamper the existing prenatal care for the mothers such as folateiron supplementation or existing infant vaccination program in Bangladesh. 