 All patients will be undergoing standard IV induction of general anesthesia by anesthesiology attending staff with 2 μgkg fentanyl and 2 mgkg propofol, as well as 1 to 2mg of midazolam and 1mgkg of lidocaine at the anesthesiologists discretion. After loss of consciousness patients will receive 2 mgkg of succinylcholine in preparation for intubation. 