 For patients with HGG prognosis remains dismal despite aggressive treatment. In this subset of patients, the 5-year overall survival for anaplastic astrocytoma ranges from 20-40 and for glioblastoma 15-20. Diffuse intrinsic brain stem gliomas DIPG have the worst overall prognosis with a nine-month mean overall survival and with most patients dying from the disease within 2 years. Thus, the development of new treatment protocols for children and young adults with both high grade gliomas and with recurrent or refractory low grade gliomas is crucial to improving the survival rates of these patients. 