 Stunting, inadequate cognitive stimulation, iodine deficiency, and iron deficiency anemia are identified as key risk factors, where the need for intervention is urgent, that prevent millions of young children from fulfilling their developmental potential. In low-income and middle-income countries, 34 of children younger than 5 years have linear growth retardation or stunting resulted from poor nutrition often accelerated by infectious diseases. It is reported that patterns of growth retardation are identical across countries. Although the vacillation in growth starts in utero or in the first 12-18 months, continue to around 40 months, but most children having stunting remain stunted through to adulthood. On the other hand, poverty and stunting are identified for indicators of poor development because the researchers represent different types of biological and psychosocial risks. Poverty is related to inadequate food, and poor sanitation and hygiene that increase infections and stunting in children. Poverty is also connected to poor maternal education, increased maternal stress and depression, and deficient stimulation in the home. All these factors deleteriously affect child development which, in turn, produces poor school achievement, which is further worsened by poor family support. Risk factors associated with poverty frequently happen together, and degree of development becomes lower with the number of risks factors. Deficits in child development are often occurred in infancy and increase further with age. Several longitudinal studies have found substantial association between socioeconomic status and parental wealth at birth, and cognitive attainment. Poverty and sociocultural background increase childrens exposure to psychosocial risks that influence development through behavioral changes. 