 The expression of several biomarkers of kidney injury has been demonstrated to reflect damage to the graft and subsequent kidney function in living donor kidney transplantation. These biomarkers, including Kidney Injury Molecule 1 KIM-1, neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin NGAL and interleukin 18 IL-18 are expressed in both serum and urine. Changes in their expression can predict some outcomes after transplantation. These biomarkers offer an advantage over traditional means of assessing kidney injury and function after transplantation such as serum creatinine measurement, urine output and kidney biopsy in that they can be detected early in the spectrum of acute kidney injury. 