 STATISTICAL METHODS, DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION: Include the factors considered in determining an appropriate sample size Data will be analyzed statistically. Descriptive statistics will be used to describe the entire sample, appropriate to the level of measurement of each. Independent t-tests for variables measured at ordinal or intervalratio levels and chi-square for dichotomous variables will be used to compare the two groups on all demographic variables, hours since first flatus, and first bowel movement Analysis of co-variance may be used to statistically control for medical conditions found in the sample that were not excluded but could affect the findings. 