 Short course antiretroviral regimens such as AZT Thai regimen, or nevirapine Uganda HIVNET 012 regimen given to HIV-infected women in pregnancy can reduce in utero and intrapartum transmission to their child by 40-50. However, these gains are threatened by the continued transmission of HIV through breast milk of poor HIV-infected women in Africa who have no realistic choice but to breastfeed. A recent study from Durban compared for the first time, Mother-to-child transmission of HIV MTCT rates in each of the 3 feeding groups viz. exclusive breastfeeding EBF, mixed breastfeeding MBF and formula feeding. The results of this study showed that at 3 months the MTCT in EBF mothers was similar to that in mothers giving only formula feeds, and the MTCT in EBF mothers was significantly lower than in those MBF 14.6 vs. 24.1. This suggested that EBF may carry no additional risk of MTCT of HIV1 over formula feeding. A prospective study is required to verify these findings. 