 Notably, no prospective studies have evaluated a risk-factor based approach, namely the use of maternal volume status, to guide the volume of the IV fluid bolus administered prior to neuraxial anesthesia. The investigators hypothesize that in individuals with narrow pulse pressure, an increased IV fluid bolus will reduce the rate of post-epidural FHR changes. While pulse pressure variation has been best characterized as a marker of fluid responsiveness in previously healthy critically ill patients, this parameter is only readily obtained through use of an automated device FloTracVigileo system, Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA that requires an arterial line. Furthermore, pulse pressure variation has primarily been assessed in mechanically ventilated patients, which is rare in the obstetric setting. Therefore, based on the preliminary data by Miller et al., the investigators plan to use pulse pressure and not pulse pressure variation as a marker of intravascular volume this study with a cut point of 45 mmHg to define low pulse pressure. Given that previous studies have used IV fluid preload doses ranging from 500-1500 mL, the IV fluid dosing regimens that will be used in this study represent variations in the standard of care 22. A practical study design is proposed using current practice patterns for a low risk intervention in a low risk population. 