 Background: Despite the overall improvements in malnutrition in the Chinese population, iron deficiency ID and iron deficiency anemia low iron and low hemoglobin, IDA are still widely prevalent in China. According to recent studies, the prevalence of anemia in Chinese women of childbearing age is 20 and can be as high as 30 in rural areas, with 85 of anemia cases resulting from ID. Diabetes, heart disease, and obesity are also highly prevalent in China - though the Chinese government is taking actions against these epidemics, often via interventions promoting physical activity. Iron deficiency without anemia IDNA can impair adult physical performance and lowers time spent doing voluntary physical activities. However, iron supplementation intended to alleviate IDNA may be less effective in those who are physically active, suggesting an intricate, but currently undefined, relationship between iron status, exercise, and physical performance capacity. A combined analysis of iron status, exercise training, and physical performance in Chinese women could illuminate interactions between these factors and their role in diabetes and obesity reduction. 