 Methods. This study will be approved by the Institutional Review Board IRB of CMUH.Very preterm infants GA 32 wks admitted to NICU at CMUH from 1 February 2012 to 31 January 2013 are enrolled for the study. Infants who stayed in the hospital for less than 10 days or those admitted after 24 hours of birth or with major congenital malformations will be excluded. Eligible infants will be randomized to allocate to the 2 groups after birth using simple randomization with sealed nontransparent envelopes after parental consent has been obtained. MISTCPAP group: The 16Gz 13 cm length Angio-Cath is used and marked at a point comparable to the level of infants lip weight in Kg 6 cm as the routine ETT intubation to give the operator mark to secure the Angio-Cath during the procedure and prevent it from going too far in or out of the trachea. The infant will be kept supine with upper part of body raised about 30 degree, an oro-gastric OG tube should be inserted,and the infant should not receive sedation. The CPAP may be removed transiently and the oxygen cannula or O2 flow over face may be given as indicated by saturation monitoring during the procedure. After inserting the Angio-Cath, the laryngoscope should be removed after stabilizing the Catheter with 2 fingers. Surfactant Survanta, Abbott, USA 100 mgkgBW, equivalent to 4 mlkgBW per dose will be drawn to a 10 ml syringe and should be instillated via the Angio-Cath. Prior to the beginning of the clinical trial, every neonatal fellows should be trained to familiar the procedure under the supervision of the PI BH Su, and the average duration of procedure has been achieved in the range of 1-3 minutes. All the vital signs, including Heart Rate, Respiratory Rate,Oxygen Saturation SpO2 and FiO2 Fraction of Inspired Oxygen requirements should be monitored. After the procedure of surfactant instillation, the Angio-Cath should be removed and the nCPAP should be resumed with CPAP level keep constant at 5 cmH2O. The oro-gastric OG tube should be draw to check if any surfactant was instillated or reflexed back to the stomach. As to the INSURE group, the procedure should be according to the conventional surfactant treatment which involves intubation, surfactantSurvanta, Abbott, USA 100 mgkgBW, equivalent to 4 mlkgBW divided to 4 liquors to inject into 4 positions followed by amubagging and then extubation to CPAP. The clinical course in NICU of all studied infants, including intraventricular hemorrhage IVH, retinopathy of prematurity ROP, duration of ventilation, duration of hospital stay, infection, duration of oxygen requirement and BPD should be recorded. 