 Nepal Nepal is a low-income country in South Asia with a population of 25.8 million people and an estimated under 5 year mortality of 541000 live births. Access to health care varies considerably within the country, but as few as 18 of children under 5 years with pneumonia are taken to health care facilities. The capital city, Kathmandu, resides in a large valley, which in 2011 had a total population of about 1,744,240 people, with approximately 10 of these being children under 5 years of age. 