 24-h ambulatory blood pressure is more predictive of cardiovascular events than clinic pressure measured in doctors office. The smoother the 24-h ambulatory blood pressure control, the lower the risk of target organ damage. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure show a circadian rhythm with a nocturnal blood pressure fall and a morning blood pressure surge. The incidence of cardiovascular complications of hypertension, such as myocardial infarction and stroke, is higher in the early morning hours than the rest of the day. Several previous studies have demonstrated that an exaggerated morning blood pressure surge is associated with the incidence of stoke and with cardiovascular structural remodeling. Moreover, non-dipping of blood pressure at night non-dipper, nighttime blood pressure fall less than 10 is prevalent and is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular event. In a recent study of controlled hypertensive patients, the prevalence of non-dipping of blood pressure at night was 62. In our JingNing population study, we found that Chinese had a higher nighttime diastolic blood pressure than White populations, and the prevalence of isolated nocturnal hypertension was 10.9. Patients with isolated nocturnal hypertension compared with normotensive subjects had an increased arterial stiffness. Thus, a preferable antihypertensive drug should not only reduce the 24-h mean level of blood pressure, but should also effectively control morning blood pressure surge and reduce nighttime blood pressure. 