 Further complicating this clinical picture is the presence of trauma symptoms. Among those seeking SUD treatment, nearly all report lifetime trauma exposure and one-third are diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder PTSD.9 The prevalence among veterans is likely higher. Persons with dual disorders, such as PTSD and SUD, have poorer SUD treatment outcomes, and may be at higher risk for homelessness. Self-help groups improve the outcomes for those with concurrent PTSD and SUD.10 Dr. Timkos work has established that the intensive referral intervention, to be adapted in this project, resulted in an 18 reduction in the number of psychiatric symptoms and a 26 reduction in perceived need for mental health treatment.6 