 Prostate cancer represents a significant health problem in the United States. This year 179,000 men in the United States will be diagnosed with prostate carcinoma and approximately 25 of them will die of the disease. In addition, the incidence and mortality of prostate carcinoma has been increasing steadily in the United States. Prostate-specific antigen PSA levels are commonly used as a biomarker for the detection of prostate cancer. Nonetheless, there is a significant false negative and false positive diagnosis since PSA levels elevate in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatitis and decrease in patients taking medications and herbal remedies. Twenty percent of biopsy-proven prostate carcinoma have PSA levels within the normal range, thus confounding the diagnosis based on the PSA screening test. Current diagnostic methods that include transrectal ultrasound TRUS and TRUS guided prostate biopsy are logistically difficult and insensitive. These are further complicated by equivocal prostatic biopsy findings such as prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia PIN or normal PSA with high clinical suspicion. A tracer with high specificity to prostate cancer related structures at a cellular level would enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology of prostate cancer and would contribute to the detection, localization and quantification of the disease and its metastases. This information will be invaluable in selecting the appropriate treatment regimen. 