 Vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF is a pivotal stimulus of physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis, including the sustained neo-vascularisation required to support solid tumour growth. Human biliary tract carcinoma cells have higher expression of VEGF both in cell lines and tissues detected in 75.6 of 33 resected clinical specimens and this is associated with significantly higher levels of microvessel density and the presence of intrahepatic metastases. 