 Background: Infant behavioural sleep problems affect up to 50 of infants, can persist, and can contribute to adverse developmental outcomes. Persistent short night sleep periods from 5-to 29 months of age have been associated with more hyperactivity and inattention, and lower abilities at cognitive tasks for older children. Sleep problems in infants are also associated with parental stress, fatigue and family tension, and maternal depression. Health care professionals often fail to recognize and treat infant sleep problems and over 40 books and many websites provide conflicting advice. Interventions directed at changing parents cognitions and behaviours have reduced infant night waking and reduced parents distress; however, inexpensive, short term group interventions to improve infant sleep problems and reduce effects of conflicting advice are needed. Parents knowledge about infant sleep affects their behaviours at bedtime and responses to night waking. Combined cognitive-behavioural approaches can modify those factors and improve outcomes. 