 Infants with congenital heart disease CHD requiring surgery frequently have brain injury seen on magnetic resonance imaging MRI. This occurs in approximately 40 of these newborns, and even though these are full-term infants, the injury seen closely resembles the same form of brain injury that can be seen in premature babies. Much like premature newborns, infants with CHD also have long-term neurodevelopmental problems in over 50. 