 Postoperative pain management after operations that involve harvesting ICBG usually includes opioids, which are most often delivered by a patient-controlled device. Additional analgesics may include acetaminophen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory NSAID drugs, and local anesthetic agents, such as bupivacaine or ropivacaine. Local anesthetics may also be injected intermittently or continuously into the wound via an indwelling catheter inserted at the time of surgery. All but one of these studies have shown a significant reduction in pain scores and opioid consumption using local anesthetic through an indwelling catheter. 