 At our Department, pregnancy care includes a prenatal consultation, where women register for a planned delivery between 10 0 10 weeks plus 0 days and 16 0 16 weeks plus 0 days gestational weeks. During this consultation, they undergo routine screening for asymptomatic vaginal infections by the Gram-stained analysis of their vaginal flora 9. In case of a vaginal infection, they undergo follow-up smears after 4-6 weeks. Routine pregnancy care is performed at outpatient gynecologists offices, following the Austrian governments welfare program, documented in the official mother-child booklet. This national pregnancy care program is used for the health precautions of women and their fetuses including obligatory examinations at predetermined points 10. European guidelines recommend the antenatal screening for the vaginal colonization with group B Streptococcus GBS between 35 0 and 37 0 gestational weeks, which is performed on demand by the outpatient gynecologists, but not routinely covered by social health insurance in Austria 3. 