 The investigators propose a uniform dosing of 50 mgml intranasal ketamine at 1 mgkg. Ketamine will be diluted to achieve volumes between 0.5-1 ml distributed between nares. The plasma concentration of intranasal ketamine is just over a fifth of IV ketamine, and the peak serum concentration is reached an average of fifteen minutes later than IV ketamine. Thus, intranasal administration found to have achieved mild sedation at 1 mgkg would be expected to achieve a lower level of sedation than a 0.2 mgkg slow IV administration, which is compatible with subdissociative dosing used for analgesia. A 1 mgkg intranasal dose is also consistent with the lower end of the dosing spectrum used in the anesthesia literature for preoperative sedation. 