 Anticipated Impact: Traumatic brain injury TBI, and particularly mild TBI, is said to be the signature injury of the current conflicts. These injuries are currently a focus of post-deployment assessment and treatment within the VA and are likely to continue to be the focus of treatment for many years to come. To ensure that OEFOIF veterans with TBI are identified and treated, the VA TBI Clinical Reminder was instituted in the form of a four-item screening tool for use in VA. While the VA-TBI screening reminder rolled out on April 2, 2007, the utility and psychometric properties of this screening are unknown. The proposed project will address these gaps by operationalizing a gold standard for TBI identification and then using that gold standard to evaluate the reliability and validity of the current TBI screen. By completing this project, we propose to identify specific improvements to the TBI protocol instrument and screening process. 