 The study involves 40 TRD patients in a single site trial which consisted of two phases: an acute phase phase I in which all the participants receive active high-frequency stimulation during 4 blocks of five consecutive working days Monday to Friday in an open-label design and a maintenance phase phase II in which responders 49 HDRS-17 reduction from baseline at the end of the phase I are randomized in two arms with sham or active high-frequency rTMS maintenance treatment for the eleven following months. The rhythm of rTMS sessions in this maintenance phase is gradually reduced as follows: 3 sessions per week for 2 weeks, 2 session per week for the 2 following weeks, 1 session per week the third M3 and fourth month M4 and then 1 session every fortnight the last eight months M5 to M12. 