 Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein I-FABP, a small 15 kD cytosolic protein found exclusively in the small bowel enterocytes, has been studied as a marker of intestinal epithelial damage in septic shock and mesenteric ischemia. More recently, elevated levels of intestinal fatty acid-binding protein I-FABP have been described as a marker of intestinal injury in both adults and children with celiac disease. Intestinal fatty acid binding protein, I-FABP levels have been shown to significantly correlate with the degree of villous atrophy and IgA antibody to tissue transglutaminase IgA-tTG, as well as decrease upon treatment with a gluten free dietGFD. Incomplete normalization of intestinal fatty acid binding proteinI-FABP on a gluten free diet points to ongoing intestinal injury, even in the absence of circulating antibodies, thus suggesting its potential as a non-invasive marker for gluten free diet adherence and intestinal damage in celiac disease. 