 Emotional disorders, specifically anxiety disorders and depression, are common, chronic, costly, and debilitating to quality of life Barlow, 2002. Best estimates from various epidemiological studies place the one year prevalence of any anxiety disorder for individuals over 18 at 11.8, and the one year prevalence of any mood disorder 5.1 Narrow, Rae, Robins, Regier, 2002. Lifetime rates are higher. We understand the nature and causes of anxiety and unipolar mood disorders major depressive disorder and dysthymia somewhat better than 10 years ago, with evidence pointing to generalized biological and psychological vulnerabilities interacting with specific learning and, sometimes, stressful triggering life events as etiological factors Barlow, 2002; Brown, Chorpita, Barlow, 1998. Pharmacological and psychological treatments have been proven effective, at least in the short term, but most studies have ignored the effects of treatment on broad-based patterns of comorbidity that accompany these disorders. Most comorbid disorders are usually additional emotional disorders Brown, Campbell, Lehman, Grisham, Mancill, 2001. More importantly, treatment outcomes have been less than satisfactory or ineffective for up to 50 of patients, even for the principal disorder Nathan Gorman, 2002. A common pharmacological treatment exists for many emotional disorders, which is selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors SSRIs and closely related compounds. Effective psychological treatments, on the other hand, have been developed to be very specific to each DSM-IV diagnostic category. The purpose of this proposal is to create a unified psychological approach to the emotional disorders. To do, this we will take advantage of recent advances in our understanding of the nature of emotional disorders, as well as emerging knowledge of the process of regulation and change in emotional behavior, in order to distill and refine basic principles of successful psychological treatments. It is expected that this approach will simplify training and dissemination, possibly improve efficacy, and perhaps also shed further light on the nature of emotional disorders. Thus, the specific aims of this proposal are to: 