 C. Longitudinal Chromatic Aberration. The focal characteristics of the accommodative response also are affected by longitudinal chromatic aberration Kruger et al., 1995; Lee et al., 1999; Stark et al., 2002; Rucker Kruger, 2004; Rucker Kruger 2006. When the LM-cone contrast ratio of a stimulus is high, the mean accommodation level decreases, biasing the response towards far; S-cone stimulus contrast biases the response towards near Stark et al., 2002; Rucker Kruger, 2004. A low-pass filter reduces accommodation demand by 0.50 D Kroger Binder, 2000, and reading performance tends to be better with blue transmitting filters Solman, Cho, Dain, 1991; Williams, Lecluyse, Rock-Fauchex, 1992; Solan, 1998; Iovino et al., 1998; Edwards Hogben, 1999; Ray, Fowler, Stein, 2005, whereas diffuse red light impairs reading Chase et al., 2003. 