 In our recent study MotherSGift Project, funded by Thrasher Research Fund, we have detected that maternal influenza vaccination can reduce influenza illness substantially in young infants up to 6 months of age in Bangladesh Zaman et al., 2008. On the other hand the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency among pregnant women in Bangladesh as well as in other developing countries is very high. More than half of the pregnant women in Bangladesh consume less vitamin A than the recommended dietary allowance and have low vitamin A status serum retinol 105 μmolL with approximately one-fifth of them classified as deficient serum retinol 070 μmolL Ahmed et al., 2003; Lee et al., 2008. Nonetheless, there is conclusive scientific evidence suggesting several aspects of both innate and adaptive immunity are compromised by clinical and subclinical vitamin A deficiency Stephensen, 2001. In another study, we observed a significant positive association between primary yellow fever viral vaccine specific lymphocyte blastogenesis antibody responses and body vitamin A store Ahmad et al., 2008. Thus in view of the potential immune regulatory roles of vitamin A, it is of interest to investigate whether maternal vitamin A supplementation along with influenza vaccination could be used as public health intervention strategy to combat both influenza infection and vitamin A deficiency simultaneously among mothers and young infants in developing countries. 