 Localized prostate cancer treatment options is consistently a highest priority comparative effectiveness research CER topic according to the Institute of Medicine, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality AHRQ, and other summary reports. Patients urgently need information on the comparative outcomes of modern treatment options to guide decision-making for this disease that causes significant burden based on its high prevalence, mortality and treatment effects on quality of life. The status quo as it pertains to prostate cancer is significant overtreatment causing potential patient harm, rapid diffusion of newexpensive technologies without proven benefit and patients lacking high quality research evidence to balance direct-to-consumer advertising and guide individualized decision-making. 