 GSK Biologicals is working on the development of a vaccine to protect elderly people from bacterial pneumonia. Diagnostic of bacterial pneumonia is difficult, and for the future studies in that project, it would be useful to have some easy non invasive tests. New clinical read-outs are needed to detect and identify the causative pathogen. These assays will be based on specific antigen detection in the urine or specific pathogen DNA detection in the blood. Technical and clinical validation of these assays will be realised at later stage with samples coming from epidemiological andor phase III studies. 