 Methodology: A total of 52 individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder will be recruited from the Roudebush VA Medical Center 18 in the non-randomized, non-controlled manual development phase 1 and 34 in the randomized controlled pilot phase 2. In phase one, manual development, 18 participants will be recruited and following informed consent, screened for eligibility using the SCID and anxiety measures. Once enrolled, three successive groups of 6 participants will attend an 8-week mindfulness program consisting of two 60-minute group training and practice sessions each week. The mindfulness program will incorporate didactic and experiential elements aimed at learning mindfulness skills and establishing a daily mindfulness practice. Based on the experience gained working with each of these three initial cohorts, a mindfulness manual will be created. In phase two, the pilot of the mindfulness manual, 34 additional participants will be recruited and randomized to the mindfulness intervention or support group control. All groups will complete assessments at baseline, monthly, at program end and 6 months after program end as well as formative and summative program evaluations. 