 INSPIRE was a collaborative study between Duke University Medical Center and Washington University Medical School. Participants first completed a baseline evaluation, including an interview with a staff member, tests of memory and concentration, and a questionnaire packet. They were then randomly assigned by chance to one of 2 groups: Stress Management by phone or Usual Care. Stress management participants received a phone call from an INSPIRE interventionist every week for 12 weeks; the phone sessions focused on helping to reduce stress and learning new skills to better cope with lung disease and the upcoming transplant. The INSPIRE staff interventionists were all psychologists who had been trained to work with patients with lung disease. Usual care participants continued their routine and usual treatments and did not receive the 12 telephone training sessions. Participants completed follow-up evaluations three months after the initial baseline evaluation, after transplant surgery, and twelve months after the initial evaluation. The primary outcome measures were measures of health-related quality of life, general psychological well-being, and social support. 