 With regard to anti-regurgitation AR formulas, the effectiveness of a specific AR formula, thickened with amylopectin and specifically tailored for preterm infants nutritional needs, has been recently evaluated; the tested thickened formula effectively reduced the number of acid GERs, but no difference was observed in the frequency of non-acid GERs and in the mean esophageal acid exposure, which is known to be the main determinant for the development of gastro-esophageal reflux disease GERD. Thus, according to these data, feed thickening seem to be almost ineffective in improving GER symptoms and features in preterm infants. 