 We plan to test a home-based parent-provided early developmental intervention EI both in infants with mild to moderate birth asphyxia and in infants without perinatal complications who will constitute a healthy comparison group in a randomized controlled trial. The trial will evaluate the effect of a resource-intensive early intervention EI program on the outcomes in infants born in rural communities in Zambia, India, and Pakistan. It will consist of frequent interaction every 2 weeks the first year and every 4 weeks the second and third years between parents and the parent trainer. The control group will receive enhanced health counseling HC. 