 In 2002 the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and the Centers for Disease Control Prevention revised their recommendations for reducing mother-to-child transmission of group B streptococcal GBS infections. The new guidelines recommend universal screening of pregnant women at 35 or more weeks gestation and intrapartum antibiotics for all GBS-colonized mothers an estimated 30 of mother-to-be in the United States. With the current widespread use of maternal antibiotics, concerns have been raised about the possible emergence of non-GBS pathogens as causes of early-onset sepsis. Several studies have reported a change in EOS pathogens, with the emergence of gram-negative and antibiotic-resistant infections, primarily among VLBW infants. 