 - suffering from systemic diseases, had a significant past or medical history with conditions that may affect oral health i.e., diabetes, HIV, heart conditions that require antibiotic prophylaxis, were taking medications that may affect the oral flora or salivary flow e.g., antibiotic use in the past three months, drugs associated with dry mouth xerostomia, had in-office fluoride treatment within the last three months prior to being enrolled in the study, or were not willing to stop the use of any mouth rinse during the duration of the study. 