 It is clear from the previous studies on poor populations that disadvantaged children require not only good health, nutrition, and wealth but also supportive and caring environments at home and cognitive stimulation in order to achieve their developmental potential as in the case of Bangladesh. According to Lancet review, most disadvantaged children get the maximum benefit of intervention. Cognitive function of parents, especially mothers, is crucial for having the optimum outcome from intervention. However, little is known regarding the importance of mothers cognitive functioning influencing different domains of her young childrens neurobehavioral developmental outcome mediated by parenting, particularly who are from disadvantageous community in Bangladesh, residing in poverty. The investigators know of no other study, however, that directly emphasizes maternal cognitive function on different domains of development of disadvantaged children in Bangladesh. 