 Individuals who carry certain germline TP53 gene mutations are highly susceptible to cancer and are likely to develop any one, or many, cancer types during their lifetimes. Prevention strategies and early tumor detection strategies are crucial for such individuals. It has been shown by Villani et al. that aggressive monitoring of markers of cancer can lead to much better outcomes e.g., earlier detection of cancer than standard monitoring protocols. However, the choice of markers for use in early detection that can indicate the presence of cancer and surveillance and monitoring strategies of patients or individuals with specific cancer predispositions, such as inherited cancer syndromes, is complex. This choice is often guided by the observed utility of a set of markers among a broader list of potential markers in large-scale population-level clinical studies. However, the utility of an early detection or surveillance strategy based on a set of markers in the population at large does not necessarily translate to the utility of those markers for a particular individual. This phenomenon is even more problematic for individuals with rare hereditary cancer syndromes and conditions, such as individuals with germline TP53 gene mutations, as these individuals are highly susceptible to different types of cancer over their lifetimes. Even among individuals with TP53 mutations there is variation in the age-of-onset of cancers due to other factors, such as exposures to carcinogenic substances and the presences of other susceptibility mutations Arrifin et al. 2015. In addition, given that individuals with inherited TP53 mutations are indeed rare, there are no large-scale studies that have been pursued to identify sets of markers that might be useful for monitoring TP53 mutation carriers going forward for signs of cancer and or disease generally. 