 Cigarette smoking is the single most important preventable cause of morbidity, mortality and excess health care costs in the United States. The prevalence of cigarette smoking among U.S. adults has declined from 42 in 1965 to 20.9 in 2004. However, the overall decline is not occurring at a rate that will meet national health objectives by 2010. Available pharmacotherapies for the treatment of tobacco dependence are not efficacious for all tobacco users and have an overall estimated efficacy of approximately 20 for long-term tobacco cessation. Thus, novel pharmacotherapies for tobacco cessation need to be explored. 