 The mechanisms that lead to airway closure are not completely understood. While the airway of some people narrows and airflow decreases during inspiration due to increasing inspiratory effort, others maintain constant airflow throughout inspiration negative effort dependence, NED. The investigators hypothesize that upper airway neuromuscular reflexes may protect against narrowing that occurs due to increasing inspiratory effort. Topical oropharyngeal anesthesia has been shown to reduce neuromuscular reflexes. Thus, the investigators also hypothesize that patients with stable inspiratory flow will develop NED once the reflexes have been impaired with topical anesthetic. The investigators plan to: 