 In a clinical trial of 19 patients, 44 single-rooted teeth will be randomly assigned to one of four groups for: 1 no treatment, 2 manual root planing with curettes; 3 root planing with piezoelectric ultrasonic scraper PU; or 4 root planing with vertically oscillating ultrasonic device VOU. Post-treatment, the teeth will be extracted and their topography analyzed in 124 observations with white light confocal microscopy, measuring the roughness parameters Rp, Rv, Rt, Ra, Rq, Rku, and Rsk. 