 Background. Reducing incidence of pneumothorax, PIE and the combined outcome of death or BPD has been achieved since the development of Surfactant therapy. It is also approved that initial stabilization with CPAP and rescue surfactant administration, if necessary, resulted in less ventilator days and a trend towards lower risk of CLD. However, the number of infants who are started on CPAP but ultimately require intubation for the administration of surfactant within the first 72 hours remains high in the very preterm infants. Usually CPAP failure is due to unremitting RDS requiring surfactant therapy. Outcomes in the infants with CPAP as a whole could be improved further if the subgroup of infants showing early signs of surfactant deficiency was to receive an early dose of surfactant. 