 The World Health Organization, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases AMMI Canada, and Health Canada have all declared antimicrobial resistance a global threat to health, based on rapidly increasing resistance rates and declining new drug development. Up to 30-50 of antibiotic use is inappropriate, and excessive durations of treatment are the greatest contributor to inappropriate use. Shorter duration treatment 7 days has been shown in meta-analyses to be as effective as longer antibiotic treatment for a range of mild to moderate infections. A landmark trial in critically ill patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia showed that mortality and relapse rates were non-inferior in patients who received 8 vs 15 days of treatment. Similar randomized trial evidence is lacking for the treatment of patients with bloodstream infection, which affects 15 of critically ill patients, and an estimated 50,000 Canadians per year. 