 Numerous previous studies support using the tongue as a sensory substitution channel2,3,5-8. Our and others research has revealed that the brain can correctly interpret information from a sensory substitution device, even when the information is not presented in the same pathway as the natural sensory system. For example, the optical image actually received by the eye travels no farther than the retina, which converts the image into spatio-temporal patterns of action potentials along the optic nerve fibers. By analyzing these impulse patterns, the brain recreates the image. These impulses are not unique for vision. In fact, all sensory systems code information using the same language: neuronal action potentials. Using the vision example as a paradigm, sensory substitution requires only that action potentials be accurately entrained in the alternate sensory information channel. With training, the brain may learn to appropriately interpret information from the alternate channel and then to process that information much as it would data from the intact natural sense. Therefore, this technology benefits users by stimulating the tongue with usable information about their environment, which some users have described as resembling vision. 