 Using the OHSU Trauma Laparotomy Outcomes Database, the investigators will identify all patients receiving trauma laparotomy for a duodenal or duodenalpancreatic injury for a period of 20 years, from 1989-2009. A number of data points will be retrieved from patients medical records, including but not limited to grade of duodenal injury, mechanism of injury, Injury Severity Score, and others. 