 This study will be population-based such that all live births within a defined population will be enrolled. Women residing in study villages will be identified by village-based field staff when they become pregnant. Informed consent will be obtained at that time as well as baseline data regarding family and household characteristics. In addition, field workers for the study will ask the woman where she plans to deliver the child, at home, in a maternity home, or in the hospital. The woman will be assigned a study number and randomized at the time of enrollment to either the vitamin A or placebo groups. Actual supplementation will occur at the time of delivery. 