 Several risk factors for anal cytologic abnormalities in women have been suggested, such as positive anal HPV test, history of anal intercourse, history of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions SIL, history of vulvar warts, multifocal cervical SIL, history of sexually transmitted infections, more than 10 sexual partners, history of cervical, vulvar or vaginal cancer, immunosuppression after solid organ transplantation, HIV infection, long-term corticosteroids use and cigarette smoking. 