 The blood samples will be analyzed as follows: total ribonucleic acid RNA, including the microRNA fraction, and protein will be isolated and quantified from the blood samples. The researchers will load the RNA samples onto Febit microRNA arrays. The Febit miRNA chip has all of the known human miRNAs and miRNA star sequences from Sangers miRBase 14. With this platform total RNA is loaded directly onto the array. There are no RNA labeling or amplification steps. miRNA hybridization on the chip is followed by a microfluidic primer extension assay. In this case, only hybridization of the correct miRNA to the probe allows the primer extension step to proceed efficiently, giving the array high sensitivity and specificity. In addition, the researchers have created custom microarrays, adding several spike-in controls. Our spike-ins provide feedback on the variability in RNA isolation and are an additional signal for array normalization. The protein fraction will be analyzed using Ray Biotechs Quantibody Arrays. These are arrays of antibodies that are designed to capture specific protein species the researchers will target approximately 120 unique proteins in a fully quantitative fashion. These arrays essentially function as the traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA but on a glass slide substrate. The assays offer several advantages over ELISAs, including the requirement for very low amounts of sample input but, perhaps more importantly, they facilitate the quantitative investigation of hundreds of proteins at once and therefore greatly accelerate the ability to search for and identify protein-based signatures andor biomarkers. The data will be statistically analyzed using statistical tools that are deemed appropriate at the time of data analysis by investigators from TGen and Dr. Kalani. Drs. Kalani and Nakaji will then correlate the identity and quantity of identified molecular markers, their temporal appearance, concentration, and disappearance to the collected clinical data. 