 The study will be a prospective, randomized, double blinded, and placebo controlled clinical trial. The subject population will consist of patients ages 18 to 80 undergoing same day, lower extremity surgery involving the use of a tourniquet with a minimal surgical time of 60 minutes. Subjects will be recruited on the day of surgery, after consultation with the primary surgeon as to the use of a tourniquet and the anticipated tourniquet time. Subjects will be approached while awaiting surgery either on E yellow or Same day Surgery in the Doctors Office Complex. The study will be explained. The subject and family members will be given an opportunity to ask questions and if agreeable the subject will be asked to provide written consent. Standard American Society of Anesthesiologists monitors will be used including pulse oximetry, electrocardiogram, and non-invasive blood pressure monitoring. Both groups will have an infusion running. 