 The enormous global burden of mental illness has been estimated through the publication of the Global Burden of Disease Study, adding momentum to refugee mental health studies 1,2. As research confirms that high levels of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD and depression occur in post-conflict settings, it is essential to develop effective treatment for psychological trauma in refugee populations recovering from mass violence 3-4. PTSD and depression are risk factors for anger, interpersonal discord and violence, not only among those who have trauma and depression, but also among their spouses and children 5-9. This infectious model of traumaviolence is critically important in the setting of ethnic conflict, as increased levels of interpersonal violence within the afflicted community hinder its recovery and fuel future cycles of conflict. To date, there has been little research on the interpersonal effects of trauma among refugee populations. The proposed research is a pilot and randomized controlled trial of Interpersonal Therapy IPT for Sudanese refugees living in Cairo. IPT, a very effective therapy for depression, has been adapted for PTSD treatment and sub-Saharan Africa settings 10-12. Measures will evaluate success of the treatment not only in terms of individual PTSD and depression symptoms, but also with respect to interpersonal conflict. Hypotheses: 1 After IPT intervention, Sudanese refugees will have lower levels of depression and trauma symptoms compared to wait list controls 2 After IPT intervention, Sudanese refugees will have lower levels of interpersonal violence compared to wait list controls. 