quaternary wikipedia quaternary contents research history edit geology edit climate edit quaternary glaciation edit glacial period edit edit reference edit external link edit navigation menu personal tool namespaces variant view search navigation contribute tool print export project language wikipedia free encyclopedia jump navigation jump search current period cenozoic era million year ago use quaternary disambiguation quaternary ma preꞓ ꞓ o s d c p t j k pg n mollweide projection present day earth chronology epochs quaternary period box view talk edit c e n o z o c neogene q u t e r n r y p l e s t o c e n e gelasian calabrian chibanian upper meghalayan northgrippian greenlandian epochs quaternary period axis scale million year ago etymology formality formal usage information celestial body earth usage global ics time ics time scale definition chronological unit period stratigraphic unit system time span formality formal low boundary definition base magnetic polarity chronozone c2r matuyama extinction haptophytes discoaster pentaradiatus discoaster surculus low boundary gssp monte san nicola section gela sicily italy n e gssp ratify base quaternary pleistocene upper boundary definition n upper boundary gssp n gssp ratify n atmospheric climatic data mean atmospheric o content vol modern level mean atmospheric co content ppm time pre industrial level mean surface temperature c c modern level quaternary k w ə ˈ t ɜːr n ə r ˈ k w ɒ t ər ˌ n ɛr tur ree kwot nerr ee current recent period cenozoic era geologic time scale international commission stratigraphy ics follow neogene period span million year ago present quaternary period divide epoch pleistocene million year ago thousand year ago holocene thousand year ago today informal term late quaternary refer past million year quaternary period typically define cyclic growth decay continental ice sheet relate milankovitch cycle associated climate environmental change cause research history geology climate quaternary glaciation glacial period reference external link research history edit giovanni arduino propose geological strata northern italy divide successive formation order italian quattro ordini term quaternary introduce jules desnoyers sediment france seine basin clearly young tertiary period rock quaternary period follow neogene period extend present quaternary cover time span glaciation classify pleistocene include present interglacial time period holocene place start quaternary onset northern hemisphere glaciation approximately million year ago prior pleistocene define million year ago present current definition pleistocene include portion prior define pliocene quaternary stratigrapher usually work regional subdivision 1970 international commission stratigraphy ics try single geologic time scale base gssp internationally quaternary subdivision define base biostratigraphy instead paleoclimate lead problem propose base pleistocene mya long start major glaciation northern hemisphere ics propose abolish use quaternary altogether appear unacceptable international union quaternary research inqua decide quaternary young period cenozoic era base mya include gelasian stage consider neogene period pliocene epoch anthropocene propose epoch mark anthropogenic impact global environment start industrial revolution year ago anthropocene officially designate ics working group work proposal creation epoch sub period geology edit information quaternary geology million year quaternary represent time recognizable human exist geologically short time period relatively little change distribution continent plate tectonic quaternary geological record preserve great detail early period major geographical change time period include emergence strait bosphorus skagerrak glacial epoch respectively turn black sea baltic sea fresh water follow flooding return salt water rise sea level periodic filling english channel form land bridge britain european mainland periodic closing bering strait form land bridge asia north america periodic flash flooding scablands american northwest glacial water current extent hudson bay great lakes major lake north america consequence canadian shield readjustment ice age different shoreline exist course quaternary time climate edit climate periodic glaciation continental glacier move far pole degree latitude major extinction large mammal northern area end pleistocene epoch form saber toothe cat mammoth mastodon glyptodont etc extinct worldwide include horse camel american cheetah extinct north america quaternary glaciation edit main article quaternary glaciation glaciation take place repeatedly quaternary ice age term coin schimper begin start quaternary mya continue present day glacial period edit artist impression earth glacial maximum main article glacial period swiss engineer ignaz venetz present article suggest presence trace passage glacier considerable distance alps idea initially dispute swiss scientist louis agassiz undertake disprove end affirm colleague hypothesis year later agassiz raise hypothesis great glacial period long reach general effect idea gain international fame lead establishment glacial theory time thank refinement geology demonstrate period glacial advance retreat past temperature earth different today particular milankovitch cycle milutin milankovitch base premise variation incoming solar radiation fundamental factor control earth climate time substantial glacier advance retreat north america europe part south america asia antarctica great lakes form giant mammal thrive part north america eurasia cover ice mammal extinct glacial period age end year ago modern human evolve year ago quaternary period mammal flower plant insect dominate land citation need edit list quaternary volcanic eruption quaternary extinction event quaternary science reference edit gibbard philip head martin september newly ratify definition quaternary system period redefinition pleistocene series epoch comparison proposal advance prior formal ratification pdf episode retrieve december b c cohen finney gibbard fan international chronostratigraphic chart pdf ics retrieve june earthquake glossary late quaternary geological survey denton anderson toggweiler edwards schaefer putnam glacial termination science bibcode 2010sci citeseerx doi pmid s2cid lowe walker reconstruct quaternary environment routledge isbn arduino giovanni lettera segonda di giovanni arduino sopra varie sue osservazioni fatte diverse parti del territorio di vicenza ed altrove apparenenti alla teoria terrestre ed alla mineralogia second letter giovani arduino observation different part territory vincenza concern theory earth mineralogy nuova raccolta scientifici e filologici new collection scientific philogical pamphlet italian available museo galileo florence firenze italy clviii quanto ho potuto sinora osservavare la serie di questi strati che compongono la corteccia visibile della terra mi pare distinta quattro ordini generali e successivi senza considerarvi il mare far able observe series layer compose visible crust earth distinct general order successive consider sea english translation ell theodore letter signor giovanni arduino concern natural observation english translation earth sciences history doi desnoyers observation sur un ensemble de dépôts marin plus récent que les terrains tertiaire du bassin de la seine et constituant une formation géologique distincte précédées aperçu de la nonsimultanéité des bassin tertiare observation set marine deposit recent tertiary terrain seine basin constitute distinct geological formation precede outline non simultaneity tertiary basin annales des sciences naturelles french ce que je désirerais not il faut également les distinguer desire prove series tertiary deposit continue begin recent basin long time seine completely fill later formation quaternary retain alluvial deposit true ancient tertiary deposit distinguish page desnoyers abandon use term quaternary distinction quaternary tertiary deposit clear la crainte de voir mal comprise que ceux du bassin de la seine fear see opinion regard misunderstand exaggerate abandon word quaternary want apply deposit recent seine basin late quaternary fluvial coastal sequences chapter introduction pdf retrieved march wiz science quaternary video learning retrieve version ics geologic time scale zalasiewicz williams haywood ellis anthropocene new epoch geological time pdf philosophical transactions royal society bibcode 835z doi pmid s2cid working group anthropocene subcomission quaternary stratigraphy retrieve june haynes stanford camelops pdf archive original pdf extinct american cheetah fact sheet archive original retrieve external link edit wikisource original work topic subcommission quaternary stratigraphy stratigraphical chart quaternary version history global quaternary chronostratigraphical chart 2004b silva zazo bardají baena lario rosas van der tabla cronoestratigrafíca del cuaternario en la península ibérica versión pdf mb asociación española para el estudio del cuaternario aequa departamento de geología universidad de salamanca spain correlation chart european quaternary cultural stage fossil welcome xviii inqua congress bern quaternary chronostratigraphy scale medium relate quaternary wikimedia commons v t e quaternary period pleistocene epoch holocene epoch early middle late meghalayan northgrippian greenlandian preboreal boreal atlantic subboreal subatlantic v t e geological history earth cenozoic era ma quaternary ma holocene ka pleistocene ma neogene ma pliocene ma miocene ma paleogene ma oligocene ma eocene ma paleocene ma mesozoic era ma cretaceous ma late ma early ma jurassic ma late ma middle ma early ma triassic ma late ma middle ma early ma paleozoic era ma permian ma lopingian ma guadalupian ma cisuralian ma carboniferous ma pennsylvanian ma mississippian ma devonian ma silurian ma pridoli ma ludlow ma wenlock ma llandovery ma ordovician ma cambrian ma furongian ma miaolingian ma series ma terreneuvian ma proterozoic eon ga neoproterozoic ga ediacaran ma cryogenian ma tonian ga mesoproterozoic ga stenian ga ectasian ga calymmian ga paleoproterozoic ga statherian ga orosirian ga rhyacian ga siderian ga archean eon ga neoarchean ga mesoarchean ga paleoarchean ga eoarchean ga hadean eon ga ka kiloannum thousand year ago ma megaannum million year ago ga gigaannum billion year ago geologic time scale v t e physical geography atmospheric science meteorology biogeography phytogeography climatology paleoclimatology palaeogeography coastal geography oceanography soil science pedology edaphology geobiology geology geomorphology geostatistics glaciology hydrology limnology landscape ecology quaternary science category portal commons authority control gnd ndl retrieve category quaternary cenozoic cenozoic geochronology geological period physical geography physical oceanography hide category cs1 italian language source cs1 french language source 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