def transform(data, channels, transform_fxn, def_channels = None):
    """
    Apply some transformation function to flow cytometry data.

    This function is a template transformation function, intended to be
    used by other specific transformation functions. It performs basic
    checks on `channels` and `data`. It then applies `transform_fxn` to the
    specified channels. Finally, it rescales  ``data.range`` and if
    necessary.

    Parameters
    ----------
    data : FCSData or numpy array
        NxD flow cytometry data where N is the number of events and D is
        the number of parameters (aka channels).
    channels : int, str, list of int, list of str, optional
        Channels on which to perform the transformation. If `channels` is
        None, use def_channels.
    transform_fxn : function
        Function that performs the actual transformation.
    def_channels : int, str, list of int, list of str, optional
        Default set of channels in which to perform the transformation.
        If `def_channels` is None, use all channels.

    Returns
    -------
    data_t : FCSData or numpy array
        NxD transformed flow cytometry data.

    """
    # Copy data array
    data_t = data.copy().astype(np.float64)

    # Default
    if channels is None:
        if def_channels is None:
            channels = range(data_t.shape[1])
        else:
            channels = def_channels

    # Convert channels to iterable
    if not (hasattr(channels, '__iter__') \
            and not isinstance(channels, six.string_types)):
        channels = [channels]

    # Apply transformation
    data_t[:,channels] = transform_fxn(data_t[:,channels])

    # Apply transformation to ``data.range``
    if hasattr(data_t, '_range'):
        for channel in channels:
            # Transform channel name to index if necessary
            channel_idx = data_t._name_to_index(channel)
            if data_t._range[channel_idx] is not None:
                data_t._range[channel_idx] = \
                    transform_fxn(data_t._range[channel_idx])

    return data_t
Apply some transformation function to flow cytometry data.

    This function is a template transformation function, intended to be
    used by other specific transformation functions. It performs basic
    checks on `channels` and `data`. It then applies `transform_fxn` to the
    specified channels. Finally, it rescales  ``data.range`` and if
    necessary.

    Parameters
    ----------
    data : FCSData or numpy array
        NxD flow cytometry data where N is the number of events and D is
        the number of parameters (aka channels).
    channels : int, str, list of int, list of str, optional
        Channels on which to perform the transformation. If `channels` is
        None, use def_channels.
    transform_fxn : function
        Function that performs the actual transformation.
    def_channels : int, str, list of int, list of str, optional
        Default set of channels in which to perform the transformation.
        If `def_channels` is None, use all channels.

    Returns
    -------
    data_t : FCSData or numpy array
        NxD transformed flow cytometry data.