def default_services_region(service_catalog, request=None,
                            ks_endpoint=None):
    """Return the default service region.

    Order of precedence:
    1. 'services_region' cookie value
    2. Matching endpoint in DEFAULT_SERVICE_REGIONS
    3. '*' key in DEFAULT_SERVICE_REGIONS
    4. First valid region from catalog

    In each case the value must also be present in available_regions or
    we move to the next level of precedence.
    """
    if service_catalog:
        available_regions = [get_endpoint_region(endpoint) for service
                             in service_catalog for endpoint
                             in service.get('endpoints', [])
                             if (service.get('type') is not None and
                                 service.get('type') != 'identity')]
        if not available_regions:
            # this is very likely an incomplete keystone setup
            LOG.warning('No regions could be found excluding identity.')
            available_regions = [get_endpoint_region(endpoint) for service
                                 in service_catalog for endpoint
                                 in service.get('endpoints', [])]

            if not available_regions:
                # if there are no region setup for any service endpoint,
                # this is a critical problem and it's not clear how this occurs
                LOG.error('No regions can be found in the service catalog.')
                return None

        region_options = []
        if request:
            region_options.append(request.COOKIES.get('services_region'))
        if ks_endpoint:
            default_service_regions = getattr(
                settings, 'DEFAULT_SERVICE_REGIONS', {})
            region_options.append(default_service_regions.get(ks_endpoint))
        region_options.append(
            getattr(settings, 'DEFAULT_SERVICE_REGIONS', {}).get('*'))

        for region in region_options:
            if region in available_regions:
                return region
        return available_regions[0]
    return None
Return the default service region.

    Order of precedence:
    1. 'services_region' cookie value
    2. Matching endpoint in DEFAULT_SERVICE_REGIONS
    3. '*' key in DEFAULT_SERVICE_REGIONS
    4. First valid region from catalog

    In each case the value must also be present in available_regions or
    we move to the next level of precedence.