def k_array_rank(a):
    """
    Given an array `a` of k distinct nonnegative integers, sorted in
    ascending order, return its ranking in the lexicographic ordering of
    the descending sequences of the elements [1]_.

    Parameters
    ----------
    a : ndarray(int, ndim=1)
        Array of length k.

    Returns
    -------
    idx : scalar(int)
        Ranking of `a`.

    References
    ----------
    .. [1] `Combinatorial number system
       <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combinatorial_number_system>`_,
       Wikipedia.

    """
    k = len(a)
    idx = int(a[0])  # Convert to Python int
    for i in range(1, k):
        idx += comb(a[i], i+1, exact=True)
    return idx
Given an array `a` of k distinct nonnegative integers, sorted in
    ascending order, return its ranking in the lexicographic ordering of
    the descending sequences of the elements [1]_.

    Parameters
    ----------
    a : ndarray(int, ndim=1)
        Array of length k.

    Returns
    -------
    idx : scalar(int)
        Ranking of `a`.

    References
    ----------
    .. [1] `Combinatorial number system
       <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combinatorial_number_system>`_,
       Wikipedia.