def getCopelandScores(profile, alpha=0.5, normalize=False):
    """
    Returns a dictionary that associates integer representations of each candidate with their
    Copeland score.

    :ivar Profile profile: A Profile object that represents an election profile.
    """

    # Currently, we expect the profile to contain complete ordering over candidates. Ties are
    # allowed however.
    elecType = profile.getElecType()
    if elecType != "soc" and elecType != "toc":
        print("ERROR: unsupported election type")
        exit()

    # Initialize each Copeland score as 0.0.
    copelandscores = {}
    for cand in profile.candMap.keys():
        copelandscores[cand] = 0.0

    # For each pair of candidates, calculate the number of votes in which one beat the other.
    wmgMap = profile.getWmg()
    for cand1, cand2 in itertools.combinations(wmgMap.keys(), 2):
        if cand2 in wmgMap[cand1].keys():
            if wmgMap[cand1][cand2] > 0:
                copelandscores[cand1] += 1.0
            elif wmgMap[cand1][cand2] < 0:
                copelandscores[cand2] += 1.0

            # If a pair of candidates is tied, we add alpha to their score for each vote.
            else:
                copelandscores[cand1] += alpha
                copelandscores[cand2] += alpha

    if normalize:
        m = profile.numCands
        for cand in profile.candMap.keys():
            copelandscores[cand] /= (m - 1)

    return copelandscores
Returns a dictionary that associates integer representations of each candidate with their
    Copeland score.

    :ivar Profile profile: A Profile object that represents an election profile.