def unicode_to_bytes(s, encoding='utf-8', errors='replace'):
    """
    Helper to convert unicode strings to bytes for data that needs to be
    written to on output stream (i.e. terminal)
    For Python 3 this should be called str_to_bytes

    :param str s: string to encode
    :param str encoding: utf-8 by default
    :param str errors: what to do when encoding fails
    :return: byte string utf-8 encoded
    """
    return s if isinstance(s, str) else s.encode(encoding, errors)
Helper to convert unicode strings to bytes for data that needs to be
    written to on output stream (i.e. terminal)
    For Python 3 this should be called str_to_bytes

    :param str s: string to encode
    :param str encoding: utf-8 by default
    :param str errors: what to do when encoding fails
    :return: byte string utf-8 encoded