#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define int long long
int re(){
	int i=0,f=1;
	char c=getchar();
	for(;!isdigit(c);c=getchar()) if(c=='-') f=-1;
	for(;isdigit(c);c=getchar()) i=(i<<3)+(i<<1)+c-'0';
	return i*f;
}
void solve(){
	int n;
	cin>>n;
	int haha=((int)(sqrt(8.0*n+17))-3)/2;
	while(haha*haha+3*haha>=2*n+2) --haha;
	while((haha+1)*(haha+1)+3*(haha+1)<2*n+2) ++haha;
	cout<<n-haha;
}
signed main(){
	int T=1;
	while(T--) solve();
}
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

typedef int_fast32_t int32;
typedef int_fast64_t int64;

const int32 inf = 1e9+7;
const int32 MOD = 998244353;
const int64 llinf = 1e18;

#define YES(n) cout << ((n) ? "YES\n" : "NO\n"  )
#define Yes(n) cout << ((n) ? "Yes\n" : "No\n"  )
#define POSSIBLE(n) cout << ((n) ? "POSSIBLE\n" : "IMPOSSIBLE\n"  )
#define ANS(n) cout << (n) << "\n"
#define REP(i,n) for(int64 i=0;i<(n);++i)
#define FOR(i,a,b) for(int64 i=(a);i<(b);i++)
#define FORR(i,a,b) for(int64 i=(a);i>=(b);i--)
#define all(obj) (obj).begin(),(obj).end()
#define rall(obj) (obj).rbegin(),(obj).rend()
#define fi first
#define se second
#define pb(a) push_back(a)
typedef pair<int32,int32> pii;
typedef pair<int64,int64> pll;

template<class T> inline bool chmax(T& a, T b) {
  if (a < b) { a = b; return true; } return false;
}
template<class T> inline bool chmin(T& a, T b) {
  if (a > b) { a = b; return true; } return false;
}

struct UnionFind{
    vector<int> par;
    UnionFind(int32 n){
        par = vector<int>(n, -1);
    }

    int root(int x){
        if(par[x] < 0)return x;
        return par[x] = root(par[x]);
    }

    bool unite(int x, int y){
        x = root(x);
        y = root(y);
        if(x == y)return false;
        if(-par[x] < -par[y])swap(x,y);
        par[x] += par[y];
        par[y] = x;
        return true;
    }

    bool same(int x, int y){
        return root(x) == root(y);
    }

    int size(int x){
        return -par[root(x)];
    }
};

template<int64 mod>
struct ModInt{
  int64 x;
  constexpr ModInt(int64 y = 0):x((y%mod+mod)%mod){}
  constexpr ModInt& operator+=(const ModInt& a){
    if((x += a.x) >= mod) x -= mod;
    return *this;
  }
  constexpr ModInt& operator-=(const ModInt& a){
    if((x -= a.x) < 0)x += mod;
    return *this;
  }
  constexpr ModInt& operator*=(const ModInt& a){
    x = x * a.x % mod;
    return *this;
  }
  constexpr ModInt& operator/=(const ModInt& a){
    *this *= a.inv();
    return *this;
  }
  constexpr ModInt operator-() const {
    return ModInt(-x);
  }
  constexpr ModInt operator+(const ModInt& a) const {
    return ModInt(*this) += a;
  }
  constexpr ModInt operator-(const ModInt& a) const {
    return ModInt(*this) -= a;
  }
  constexpr ModInt operator*(const ModInt& a) const {
    return ModInt(*this) *= a;
  }
  constexpr ModInt operator/(const ModInt& a) const {
    return ModInt(*this) /= a;
  }
  constexpr ModInt operator++(){
    *this += ModInt(1);
    return *this;
  }
  constexpr ModInt operator++(int){
    ModInt old = *this;
    ++*this;
    return old;
  }
  constexpr ModInt operator--(){
    *this -= ModInt(1);
    return *this;
  }
  constexpr ModInt operator--(int){
    ModInt old = *this;
    --*this;
    return old;
  }
  constexpr bool operator==(const ModInt& a) const {
    return x == a.x;
  }
  constexpr bool operator!=(const ModInt& a) const {
    return x != a.x;
  }
  constexpr ModInt pow(int64 r) const {
    if(!r)return 1;
    ModInt res = pow(r>>1);
    res *= res;
    if(r & 1) res *= *this;
    return res;
  }
  constexpr ModInt inv() const {
    return pow(mod-2);
  }
  friend istream& operator>>(istream& is, ModInt& a){
    int64 t;
    is >> t;
    a = ModInt(t);
    return is;
  }
  friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const ModInt& a){
    return os << a.x;
  }
};
using mint = ModInt<MOD>;

int main(){
  cin.tie(0);
  ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
  int32 n;
  cin >> n;
  UnionFind uf(n);
  REP(i,n){
    int32 f;
    cin >> f;
    --f;
    uf.unite(i,f);
  }
  int32 cnt = 0;
  REP(i,n){
    if(i == uf.root(i))++cnt;
  }
  ANS(mint(2).pow(cnt)-1);
  return 0;
}