/*
    Copyright (c) 2005-2021 Intel Corporation

    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
    You may obtain a copy of the License at

        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    limitations under the License.
*/

#include <cstring>
#include <cctype>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstdio>

#include <string>

// Apple clang and MSVC defines their own specializations for std::hash<std::basic_string<T, Traits, Alloc>>
#if !(_LIBCPP_VERSION) && !(_CPPLIB_VER)

namespace std {

template <typename CharT, typename Traits, typename Allocator>
class hash<std::basic_string<CharT, Traits, Allocator>> {
public:
    std::size_t operator()(const std::basic_string<CharT, Traits, Allocator>& s) const {
        std::size_t h = 0;
        for (const CharT* c = s.c_str(); *c; ++c) {
            h = h * hash_multiplier ^ char_hash(*c);
        }
        return h;
    }

private:
    static constexpr std::size_t hash_multiplier = (std::size_t)(
        (sizeof(std::size_t) == sizeof(unsigned)) ? 2654435769U : 11400714819323198485ULL);

    std::hash<CharT> char_hash;
}; // strunt hash<std::basic_string>

} // namespace std

#endif // !(_LIBCPP_VERSION || _CPPLIB_VER)

#include "oneapi/tbb/concurrent_hash_map.h"
#include "oneapi/tbb/blocked_range.h"
#include "oneapi/tbb/parallel_for.h"
#include "oneapi/tbb/tick_count.h"
#include "oneapi/tbb/tbb_allocator.h"
#include "oneapi/tbb/global_control.h"

#include "common/utility/utility.hpp"
#include "common/utility/get_default_num_threads.hpp"

#include <map>

//! Count collisions
std::map<std::size_t, int> hashes;
int c = 0;

//! String type
typedef std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, oneapi::tbb::tbb_allocator<char>> MyString;

//! Set to true to counts.
static bool verbose = false;
static bool silent = false;
static bool count_collisions = false;
//! Problem size
long N = 1000000;
const int size_factor = 2;

//! A concurrent hash table that maps strings to ints.
typedef oneapi::tbb::concurrent_hash_map<MyString, int> StringTable;

//! Function object for counting occurrences of strings.
struct Tally {
    StringTable& table;
    Tally(StringTable& table_) : table(table_) {}
    void operator()(const oneapi::tbb::blocked_range<MyString*> range) const {
        for (MyString* p = range.begin(); p != range.end(); ++p) {
            StringTable::accessor a;
            table.insert(a, *p);
            a->second += 1;
        }
    }
};

static MyString* Data;

static void CountOccurrences(int nthreads) {
    StringTable table;

    oneapi::tbb::tick_count t0 = oneapi::tbb::tick_count::now();
    oneapi::tbb::parallel_for(oneapi::tbb::blocked_range<MyString*>(Data, Data + N, 1000),
                              Tally(table));
    oneapi::tbb::tick_count t1 = oneapi::tbb::tick_count::now();

    int n = 0;
    for (StringTable::iterator i = table.begin(); i != table.end(); ++i) {
        if (verbose && nthreads)
            printf("%s %d\n", i->first.c_str(), i->second);
        if (!silent && count_collisions) {
            // it doesn't count real collisions in hash_map, a mask should be applied on hash value
            hashes[std::hash<MyString>()(i->first) & 0xFFFF]++;
        }
        n += i->second;
    }
    if (!silent && count_collisions) {
        for (auto i = hashes.begin(); i != hashes.end(); ++i)
            c += i->second - 1;
        printf("hashes = %d  collisions = %d  ", static_cast<int>(hashes.size()), c);
        c = 0;
        hashes.clear();
    }

    if (!silent)
        printf(
            "total = %d  unique = %u  time = %g\n", n, unsigned(table.size()), (t1 - t0).seconds());
}

/// Generator of random words

struct Sound {
    const char* chars;
    int rates[3]; // beginning, middle, ending
};
Sound Vowels[] = {
    { "e", { 445, 6220, 1762 } }, { "a", { 704, 5262, 514 } }, { "i", { 402, 5224, 162 } },
    { "o", { 248, 3726, 191 } },  { "u", { 155, 1669, 23 } },  { "y", { 4, 400, 989 } },
    { "io", { 5, 512, 18 } },     { "ia", { 1, 329, 111 } },   { "ea", { 21, 370, 16 } },
    { "ou", { 32, 298, 4 } },     { "ie", { 0, 177, 140 } },   { "ee", { 2, 183, 57 } },
    { "ai", { 17, 206, 7 } },     { "oo", { 1, 215, 7 } },     { "au", { 40, 111, 2 } },
    { "ua", { 0, 102, 4 } },      { "ui", { 0, 104, 1 } },     { "ei", { 6, 94, 3 } },
    { "ue", { 0, 67, 28 } },      { "ay", { 1, 42, 52 } },     { "ey", { 1, 14, 80 } },
    { "oa", { 5, 84, 3 } },       { "oi", { 2, 81, 1 } },      { "eo", { 1, 71, 5 } },
    { "iou", { 0, 61, 0 } },      { "oe", { 2, 46, 9 } },      { "eu", { 12, 43, 0 } },
    { "iu", { 0, 45, 0 } },       { "ya", { 12, 19, 5 } },     { "ae", { 7, 18, 10 } },
    { "oy", { 0, 10, 13 } },      { "ye", { 8, 7, 7 } },       { "ion", { 0, 0, 20 } },
    { "ing", { 0, 0, 20 } },      { "ium", { 0, 0, 10 } },     { "er", { 0, 0, 20 } }
};
Sound Consonants[] = {
    { "r", { 483, 1414, 1110 } }, { "n", { 312, 1548, 1114 } }, { "t", { 363, 1653, 251 } },
    { "l", { 424, 1341, 489 } },  { "c", { 734, 735, 260 } },   { "m", { 732, 785, 161 } },
    { "d", { 558, 612, 389 } },   { "s", { 574, 570, 405 } },   { "p", { 519, 361, 98 } },
    { "b", { 528, 356, 30 } },    { "v", { 197, 598, 16 } },    { "ss", { 3, 191, 567 } },
    { "g", { 285, 430, 42 } },    { "st", { 142, 323, 180 } },  { "h", { 470, 89, 30 } },
    { "nt", { 0, 350, 231 } },    { "ng", { 0, 117, 442 } },    { "f", { 319, 194, 19 } },
    { "ll", { 1, 414, 83 } },     { "w", { 249, 131, 64 } },    { "k", { 154, 179, 47 } },
    { "nd", { 0, 279, 92 } },     { "bl", { 62, 235, 0 } },     { "z", { 35, 223, 16 } },
    { "sh", { 112, 69, 79 } },    { "ch", { 139, 95, 25 } },    { "th", { 70, 143, 39 } },
    { "tt", { 0, 219, 19 } },     { "tr", { 131, 104, 0 } },    { "pr", { 186, 41, 0 } },
    { "nc", { 0, 223, 2 } },      { "j", { 184, 32, 1 } },      { "nn", { 0, 188, 20 } },
    { "rt", { 0, 148, 51 } },     { "ct", { 0, 160, 29 } },     { "rr", { 0, 182, 3 } },
    { "gr", { 98, 87, 0 } },      { "ck", { 0, 92, 86 } },      { "rd", { 0, 81, 88 } },
    { "x", { 8, 102, 48 } },      { "ph", { 47, 101, 10 } },    { "br", { 115, 43, 0 } },
    { "cr", { 92, 60, 0 } },      { "rm", { 0, 131, 18 } },     { "ns", { 0, 124, 18 } },
    { "sp", { 81, 55, 4 } },      { "sm", { 25, 29, 85 } },     { "sc", { 53, 83, 1 } },
    { "rn", { 0, 100, 30 } },     { "cl", { 78, 42, 0 } },      { "mm", { 0, 116, 0 } },
    { "pp", { 0, 114, 2 } },      { "mp", { 0, 99, 14 } },      { "rs", { 0, 96, 16 } },
    { "rl", { 0, 97, 7 } },       { "rg", { 0, 81, 15 } },      { "pl", { 56, 39, 0 } },
    { "sn", { 32, 62, 1 } },      { "str", { 38, 56, 0 } },     { "dr", { 47, 44, 0 } },
    { "fl", { 77, 13, 1 } },      { "fr", { 77, 11, 0 } },      { "ld", { 0, 47, 38 } },
    { "ff", { 0, 62, 20 } },      { "lt", { 0, 61, 19 } },      { "rb", { 0, 75, 4 } },
    { "mb", { 0, 72, 7 } },       { "rc", { 0, 76, 1 } },       { "gg", { 0, 74, 1 } },
    { "pt", { 1, 56, 10 } },      { "bb", { 0, 64, 1 } },       { "sl", { 48, 17, 0 } },
    { "dd", { 0, 59, 2 } },       { "gn", { 3, 50, 4 } },       { "rk", { 0, 30, 28 } },
    { "nk", { 0, 35, 20 } },      { "gl", { 40, 14, 0 } },      { "wh", { 45, 6, 0 } },
    { "ntr", { 0, 50, 0 } },      { "rv", { 0, 47, 1 } },       { "ght", { 0, 19, 29 } },
    { "sk", { 23, 17, 5 } },      { "nf", { 0, 46, 0 } },       { "cc", { 0, 45, 0 } },
    { "ln", { 0, 41, 0 } },       { "sw", { 36, 4, 0 } },       { "rp", { 0, 36, 4 } },
    { "dn", { 0, 38, 0 } },       { "ps", { 14, 19, 5 } },      { "nv", { 0, 38, 0 } },
    { "tch", { 0, 21, 16 } },     { "nch", { 0, 26, 11 } },     { "lv", { 0, 35, 0 } },
    { "wn", { 0, 14, 21 } },      { "rf", { 0, 32, 3 } },       { "lm", { 0, 30, 5 } },
    { "dg", { 0, 34, 0 } },       { "ft", { 0, 18, 15 } },      { "scr", { 23, 10, 0 } },
    { "rch", { 0, 24, 6 } },      { "rth", { 0, 23, 7 } },      { "rh", { 13, 15, 0 } },
    { "mpl", { 0, 29, 0 } },      { "cs", { 0, 1, 27 } },       { "gh", { 4, 10, 13 } },
    { "ls", { 0, 23, 3 } },       { "ndr", { 0, 25, 0 } },      { "tl", { 0, 23, 1 } },
    { "ngl", { 0, 25, 0 } },      { "lk", { 0, 15, 9 } },       { "rw", { 0, 23, 0 } },
    { "lb", { 0, 23, 1 } },       { "tw", { 15, 8, 0 } },       { "chr", { 18, 4, 0 } },
    { "dl", { 0, 23, 0 } },       { "ctr", { 0, 22, 0 } },      { "nst", { 0, 21, 0 } },
    { "lc", { 0, 22, 0 } },       { "sch", { 16, 4, 0 } },      { "ths", { 0, 1, 20 } },
    { "nl", { 0, 21, 0 } },       { "lf", { 0, 15, 6 } },       { "ssn", { 0, 20, 0 } },
    { "xt", { 0, 18, 1 } },       { "xp", { 0, 20, 0 } },       { "rst", { 0, 15, 5 } },
    { "nh", { 0, 19, 0 } },       { "wr", { 14, 5, 0 } }
};
const int VowelsNumber = sizeof(Vowels) / sizeof(Sound);
const int ConsonantsNumber = sizeof(Consonants) / sizeof(Sound);
int VowelsRatesSum[3] = { 0, 0, 0 }, ConsonantsRatesSum[3] = { 0, 0, 0 };

int CountRateSum(Sound sounds[], const int num, const int part) {
    int sum = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
        sum += sounds[i].rates[part];
    return sum;
}

const char* GetLetters(int type, const int part) {
    Sound* sounds;
    int rate, i = 0;
    if (type & 1)
        sounds = Vowels, rate = rand() % VowelsRatesSum[part];
    else
        sounds = Consonants, rate = rand() % ConsonantsRatesSum[part];
    do {
        rate -= sounds[i++].rates[part];
    } while (rate > 0);
    return sounds[--i].chars;
}

static void CreateData() {
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        ConsonantsRatesSum[i] = CountRateSum(Consonants, ConsonantsNumber, i);
        VowelsRatesSum[i] = CountRateSum(Vowels, VowelsNumber, i);
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
        int type = rand();
        Data[i] = GetLetters(type++, 0);
        for (int j = 0; j < type % size_factor; ++j)
            Data[i] += GetLetters(type++, 1);
        Data[i] += GetLetters(type, 2);
    }
    MyString planet = Data[12];
    planet[0] = toupper(planet[0]);
    MyString helloworld = Data[0];
    helloworld[0] = toupper(helloworld[0]);
    helloworld += ", " + Data[1] + " " + Data[2] + " " + Data[3] + " " + Data[4] + " " + Data[5];
    if (!silent)
        printf("Message from planet '%s': %s!\nAnalyzing whole text...\n",
               planet.c_str(),
               helloworld.c_str());
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    StringTable table;
    oneapi::tbb::tick_count mainStartTime = oneapi::tbb::tick_count::now();
    srand(2);

    //! Working threads count
    // The 1st argument is the function to obtain 'auto' value; the 2nd is the default value
    // The example interprets 0 threads as "run serially, then fully subscribed"
    utility::thread_number_range threads(utility::get_default_num_threads, 0);

    utility::parse_cli_arguments(
        argc,
        argv,
        utility::cli_argument_pack()
            //"-h" option for displaying help is present implicitly
            .positional_arg(threads, "n-of-threads", utility::thread_number_range_desc)
            .positional_arg(N, "n-of-strings", "number of strings")
            .arg(verbose, "verbose", "verbose mode")
            .arg(silent, "silent", "no output except elapsed time")
            .arg(count_collisions, "count_collisions", "print the count of collisions"));

    if (silent)
        verbose = false;

    Data = new MyString[N];
    CreateData();

    if (threads.first) {
        for (int p = threads.first; p <= threads.last; p = threads.step(p)) {
            if (!silent)
                printf("threads = %d  ", p);
            oneapi::tbb::global_control c(oneapi::tbb::global_control::max_allowed_parallelism, p);
            CountOccurrences(p);
        }
    }
    else { // Number of threads wasn't set explicitly. Run serial and parallel version
        { // serial run
            if (!silent)
                printf("serial run   ");
            oneapi::tbb::global_control c(oneapi::tbb::global_control::max_allowed_parallelism, 1);
            CountOccurrences(1);
        }
        { // parallel run (number of threads is selected automatically)
            if (!silent)
                printf("parallel run ");
            oneapi::tbb::global_control c(oneapi::tbb::global_control::max_allowed_parallelism,
                                          utility::get_default_num_threads());
            CountOccurrences(0);
        }
    }

    delete[] Data;

    utility::report_elapsed_time((oneapi::tbb::tick_count::now() - mainStartTime).seconds());

    return 0;
}
