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README.md
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library_name: transformers
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<!-- Provide a quick summary of what the model is/does. -->
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## Model Details
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### Model Description
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<!-- Provide a longer summary of what this model is. -->
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This is the model card of a 🤗 transformers model that has been pushed on the Hub. This model card has been automatically generated.
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- **Developed by:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Funded by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Shared by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Model type:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Language(s) (NLP):** [More Information Needed]
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- **License:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Finetuned from model [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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### Model Sources [optional]
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<!-- Provide the basic links for the model. -->
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- **Repository:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Paper [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Demo [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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## Uses
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<!-- Address questions around how the model is intended to be used, including the foreseeable users of the model and those affected by the model. -->
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### Direct Use
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<!-- This section is for the model use without fine-tuning or plugging into a larger ecosystem/app. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Downstream Use [optional]
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<!-- This section is for the model use when fine-tuned for a task, or when plugged into a larger ecosystem/app -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Out-of-Scope Use
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<!-- This section addresses misuse, malicious use, and uses that the model will not work well for. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
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<!-- This section is meant to convey both technical and sociotechnical limitations. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Recommendations
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<!-- This section is meant to convey recommendations with respect to the bias, risk, and technical limitations. -->
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Users (both direct and downstream) should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the model. More information needed for further recommendations.
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## How to Get Started with the Model
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Use the code below to get started with the model.
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[More Information Needed]
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## Training Details
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### Training Data
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<!-- This should link to a Dataset Card, perhaps with a short stub of information on what the training data is all about as well as documentation related to data pre-processing or additional filtering. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Training Procedure
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<!-- This relates heavily to the Technical Specifications. Content here should link to that section when it is relevant to the training procedure. -->
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#### Preprocessing [optional]
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Training Hyperparameters
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- **Training regime:** [More Information Needed] <!--fp32, fp16 mixed precision, bf16 mixed precision, bf16 non-mixed precision, fp16 non-mixed precision, fp8 mixed precision -->
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#### Speeds, Sizes, Times [optional]
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<!-- This section provides information about throughput, start/end time, checkpoint size if relevant, etc. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Evaluation
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<!-- This section describes the evaluation protocols and provides the results. -->
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### Testing Data, Factors & Metrics
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#### Testing Data
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<!-- This should link to a Dataset Card if possible. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Factors
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<!-- These are the things the evaluation is disaggregating by, e.g., subpopulations or domains. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Metrics
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<!-- These are the evaluation metrics being used, ideally with a description of why. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Results
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Summary
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## Model Examination [optional]
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<!-- Relevant interpretability work for the model goes here -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Environmental Impact
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<!-- Total emissions (in grams of CO2eq) and additional considerations, such as electricity usage, go here. Edit the suggested text below accordingly -->
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Carbon emissions can be estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700).
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- **Hardware Type:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Hours used:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Cloud Provider:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Compute Region:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Carbon Emitted:** [More Information Needed]
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## Technical Specifications [optional]
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### Model Architecture and Objective
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[More Information Needed]
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### Compute Infrastructure
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#### Hardware
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#### Software
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## Citation [optional]
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<!-- If there is a paper or blog post introducing the model, the APA and Bibtex information for that should go in this section. -->
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**BibTeX:**
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**APA:**
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## Glossary [optional]
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[More Information Needed]
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## More Information [optional]
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## Model Card Authors [optional]
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## Model Card Contact
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[More Information Needed]
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library_name: transformers
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license: apache-2.0
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datasets:
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- Maxwell-Jia/kepler_flare
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language:
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- en
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metrics:
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- precision
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- recall
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# FCN4Flare
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FCN4Flare is a fully convolutional neural network designed for precise point-to-point detection of stellar flares in photometric time-series data. Stellar flares provide valuable insights into stellar magnetic activity and space weather environments, but detecting these flares is challenging due to missing data, imbalanced classes, and diverse flare morphologies. FCN4Flare addresses these challenges with:
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- **NaN Mask**: A mechanism to handle missing data points effectively during training.
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- **Mask Dice Loss**: A loss function tailored to mitigate class imbalance by optimizing the overlap between predicted and true flares.
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FCN4Flare achieves state-of-the-art performance on the Kepler flare dataset, significantly surpassing previous methods such as Flatwrm2 and Stella. Key performance metrics are summarized in the table below:
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| Metric | FCN4Flare | Flatwrm2 | Stella |
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|----------------------|-----------|----------|--------|
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| Recall | **0.67** | 0.26 | 0.50 |
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| Precision | **0.69** | 0.08 | 0.09 |
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| F1 Score | **0.64** | 0.13 | 0.16 |
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| Average Precision | **0.55** | 0.12 | 0.14 |
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| Dice Coefficient | **0.64** | 0.12 | 0.15 |
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| Intersection over Union (IoU) | **0.54** | 0.10 | 0.13 |
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## Inference with AutoModel API
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```python
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from transformers import AutoModel
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import torch
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model = AutoModel.from_pretrained("Maxwell-Jia/fcn4flare")
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# Load your data and create required tensors
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# You need to implement your own data loading logic that returns:
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# 1. input_features: tensor of flux values, shape [batch_size, sequence_length, 1]
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# - Contains the actual flux measurements and padded values
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# 2. sequence_mask: binary tensor, shape [batch_size, sequence_length]
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# - 1 indicates real flux values
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# - 0 indicates padded positions
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input_features, sequence_mask = load_data()
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# Example of expected tensor shapes and values:
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# input_features = torch.tensor([
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# [1.2, 1.5, 1.1, nan, nan], # nan are padded values
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# [1.3, 1.4, 1.6, 1.2, 1.1] # all real values
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# ])
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# sequence_mask = torch.tensor([
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# [1, 1, 1, 0, 0], # last 2 positions are padded
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# [1, 1, 1, 1, 1] # no padding
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# ])
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logits = model(input_features, sequence_mask)
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# Apply a threshold to get binary predictions
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threshold = 0.5
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predictions = (logits > threshold).float()
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# Implement your own post-processing logic to reduce false positives
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# The post-processing step is crucial for:
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# 1. Filtering out noise and spurious detections
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# 2. Merging nearby detections
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# 3. Applying additional threshold or rule-based filtering
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#
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# Example post-processing strategies:
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# - Apply minimum duration threshold
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# - Merge events that are too close in time
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# - Consider the amplitude of the detected events
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# - Use domain knowledge to validate detections
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final_results = post_process_predictions(predictions)
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# Example implementation:
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# def post_process_predictions(predictions):
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# # Apply minimum duration filter
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# # Remove detections shorter than X minutes
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# # Merge events within Y minutes of each other
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# # Apply additional validation rules
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# return processed_results
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```
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## Inference with pipeline API
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```python
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from transformers import pipeline
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flare_detector = pipeline("flare-detection", model="Maxwell-Jia/fcn4flare")
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# Only surport for Kepler/K2 light curves now.
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results = flare_detector([
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"Path/to/your/lightcurve.fits",
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"Path/to/your/lightcurve.fits",
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...
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])
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print(results)
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```
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## **Citation**
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If you find this work useful, please cite our paper:
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```bibtex
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@article{jia2024fcn4flare,
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title={FCN4Flare: Fully Convolution Neural Networks for Flare Detection},
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author={Minghui Jia, A-Li Luo, Bo Qiu},
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journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.21240},
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year={2024}
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}
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```
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